FACULTY OF MACHINE BUILDING

Eng. Gabriela KOVCS

DOCTORAL THESIS
ABSTRACT

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DYNAMIC STUDY OF THE VIBROTRANSPORTERS AND OF THE VIBROTRANSPORTING MOVEMENTS
Scientific supervisor, Prof.dr.eng.math.Nicolae URSU-FISCHER Dr.H.C.

Cluj-Napoca 2010

INTRODUCTION The vibrotransporters are used in various industrial fields for increasing the productivity and solving the transportation problems. These equipments have been used since 1980 in various branches of industry and mining. Although these devices differ from each other by purpose, design or size, they have common basic characteristics. Can be used for transportation, cooling, sorting and drying. This paper will try to present and solve several problems. In addition to traditional types of vibrotransporters, whose dynamic study can be found in the literature, I considered of interest and study of new types of vibrotransporters, in this respect it have been studied a lot of patents in that were found sufficient proposals for such equipments. For two of them in this thesis I have solved all issues related to kinematics and dynamics of the machine and then made a study of the movement of material particles on the vibrating surface. I would like to give my warm thanks to prof. dr. eng. math. Nicolae Ursu-Fischer, my scientific supervisor for the patience, interest and help provided trough the elaboration of this thesis. Also, I would like to thank to professors Diana Popescu and Marius Bulgaru who have participated in the evaluation committee of the research rapports, for giving me extremely precious advice regarding the research problems. CHAPTER. 1. CURRENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF THE VIBRATING CONVEYORS The transport of the materials using vibrotransporting equipments is a problem that has been studied for long time, today are known the results of several research studies. In the Department of Mechanics and Programming from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca were performed researchs on the vibrotransporting equipments since the '80s, the most important results being published in several scientific papers in Romania and abroad. The conveyors main advantage is their simplicity. A conveyor is only a trough and a drive mechanism, which is more complicated in design and require maintenance. The oscillating conveyors are used in mining, food industry, woodworking industry, in metallurgy, in pharmaceutical industry. There are some important companies that produce vibrotransporters such as Renold Ajax which is a world leader, Carman or Carrier. The images shown below represent some vibroconveyors manufactured by these companies.

Fig.1.1 Some examples of conveyors used in metallurgy In general the vibrating conveyors have in their construction vibration generators. Such generators may be mechanical (with unbalanced mass), electromagnetic and electrodynamic. The drive mechanism used frequently for the vibrating conveyors is the slider-crank mechanism. The vibroconveyors elastic elements are made from steel, rubber or sandwich type. CHAPTER. 2. THEORETICAL RESEARCHES ON VIBRATING MOVEMENTS MADE IN ROMANIA AND ABROAD The researches presented in this chapter involve the following distinct aspects: - the study of particle movements on the vibrating surfaces, without jumps; - the study of particle movements on the vibrating surfaces, with jumps; - the study of rigid body movements on vibrating surfaces; - the study of material layers movements on vibrating surfaces; -2-

- dynamics and vibrations study for horizontal or spiral vibrotransporters. The troughs of the vibrotransporters make transport movements which are defined by different law of motion. Usually it is considered the harmonic law of motion, the direction of this movement giving a certain angle with the horizontal. The study of the particle motion on these vibrotransporting surfaces is performed with the differential equation of the relative motion. Some results obtained in [URS_07a] are presented in fig.2.1. On the computer screen it is simulated the mechanism and particle movements, also representing the law of relative motion to the vibrating plane.

Fig.2.1 The first serious research in this area belongs to G. Lindner and published in an article in the 1912 year. The author focused from the beginning on the case of a single particle movement without jumps on the oscillating plane and he studied only one possible mode of relative motion. The plane is inclined to the horizontal with a certain angle , and the direction of vibration makes an angle with the vibrating plane, the translation executes harmonic motion according to the following law: s = A cos t The movement is after the direction (), which makes an angle with the trough surface. On the trough rough surface there is a material particle of mass m that will be involved in the movement, where a relative motion of these particles along the axis Ox appears. The forces acting on the point must be determined and the law of motion also. Starting from the equation of relative motion m ar = F + Ft + Fc the movement laws of the material point on the vibrating surface is deduced.
y

N Fjt ()

T vr

x x mg S

Fig.2.2 Position of material on the vibrating surface and the forces which act upon

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Further studied the influence of various parameters values (, , A, v and ) on material movement on the vibrating surface. Below is presented one of results obtained with the following parameters: A =0,005 [m]; = 2,5; = 30, n = 80 [rpm], from this results = 8,378 [rad/sec], and the values of = {0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5}

Fig.2.3 The graph of the material point movement on the vibrating surface having the following parameters: A =0,005 [m]; = 2,5; = 30, n = 80 [rpm], = 8,378 [rad/s], = {0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5} From the resultant graph it appears that the movement is faster per time unit, with increasing friction coefficient. In chapter 2 were presented studies of material point motions with jumps on a vibrating surface and have also presented experimental investigations made by other authors on the movement of granules and powders so far, but in a more summative way. [PEI_75] [STO_09] [URS_08]

CHAPTER. 3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF NEW TIPES OF LINEAR VIBROTRANSPORTERS WITH NEW TIPES OF MOVEMENT GENERATORS AND OF THE VIBROTRANSPORTING MOVEMENTS
In chapter 3 was studied in detail the following patents [HOR_97] Vibrating conveyor drive with continuously adjustable stroke Patent No.5.979.640 and [KIR_91] Vibrating two mass conveyor apparatus Patent No.5,040,666. The solving of the systems of differential equations was made with C programs using the numerical Runge-Kutta method.

Vibrating conveyor drive with continuously adjustable stroke [HOR_97] In the figure below it is presented schematically the vibrating conveyor with continuously adjustable
stroke.

Fig.3.1 Vibrating conveyor with continuously adjustable stroke. [HOR_97] After making the kinematic calculations the motion law of the material point on the trough is obtained and a study was made on the influence of different parameters of the vibrating conveyor on the motion law of the body. One of the obtained result, is shown in the figure below.

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Fig. 3.2 Influence of friction coefficient on material movement on the trough at speeds n1=120 [rpm], n2=240 [rot/min] at a phase shift of 2

Two mass vibrating conveyor [KIR_91] Another interesting way in which the vibrating plate is moved is presented in the [KIR_91] patent, where the vibrating conveyor have two moveable weights connected by two articulated bars, the bars rotating around two fixed points, as it is shown in the figure 3.7.

Fig.3.3 Two mass vibrating conveyor, side wiew In the dynamic calculations, it was initially not considered that this conveyor is composed of any elastic element then be fitted some springs between the two vibrating mass. These springs are designed to bring back the vibrating conveyor elements close to the idle position. Then the elastic force created by spring between those two masses was calculated. Calculations are made and the solutions regarding the machine dynamics are obtained. Once obtained these solutions we can continue to study the movement of materials on the vibrating trough. In both cases, solving the equations were made with the Runge - Kutta method, and for generating the graphs a C program was written. From the obtained results only a part are presented that is the material point displacements and velocities in cases where it performs a motion without jumps.
m3e = 0,100, = 0,15, k = 100.000

Fig.3.4 Graph of movement and speed of the material point at tur = 500 [rpm] -5-

Fig.3.5 Graph of movement and speed of the material point at tur = 510 [rpm]

Fig.3.6 Graph of movement and speed of the material point at tur = 520 [rpm]

Fig.3.7 Graph of movement and speed of the material point at tur = 530 [rpm]

CHAPTER. 4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE VIBRATING CONVEYOR DRIVE WITH CONTINUOUSLY ADJUSTABLE STROKE. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Of studied patents in chapter no.3 we chose to design in Solid Works the patent Vibrating conveyor drive with continuously adjustable stroke Patent No.5.979.640 [HOR_97]. The mechanical model, mathematical and numerical solution led to interesting results and therefore the author decided to choose the design and execution of this such type of vibrating conveyor. In the figure below the vibrating conveyor assembly with its parts are introduced.

Fig.4.1 Vibrating conveyor drive with continuously adjustable stroke Experimental vibrating conveyor built can be seen in the figure below.

Fig.4.2 Experimental vibrating conveyor

CHAPTER. 5. PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE

Below there are some of the contributions that I believe I made to resolve this theme: 1. The study the influence of certain parameters such as amplitude of vibration, friction coefficient or the slope of the trough on the movement of a material point; 2. The presentation of various vibrotransporting equipments from existing patents, specially [HOR_97] Vibrating conveyor drive with continuously adjustable stroke 5.979.640 and [KIR_91] Vibrating two mass conveyor apparatus 5,040,666; 3. Making of mathematical model of the vibrating conveyor with continuously adjustable stroke; -6-

4. Obtain the equations of motion of the vibrating conveyor with continuously adjustable stroke; 5. Making a C program for solving and obtaining motion graphics of the vibrating conveyor with continuously adjustable stroke; 6. The study of different parameters that influence the material point movement on the surface of the vibrating conveyor with continuously adjustable stroke; 7. Making mathematical model of the vibrating two mass conveyor; 8. Dynamic study of the vibrating two mass conveyor; 9. Making a C program for solving and obtaining motion graphics of the vibrating two mass conveyor; 10. Approximation of material point movement graphic with a straight line, with the method of least squares; 11. The study of different parameters that influence the material point movement on the surface of the vibrating two mass conveyor; 12. In chapter no. 4 it is designed with Solid Works one of those two vibrating conveyor studied in chapter no.3 namely the Vibrating conveyor drive with continuously adjustable stroke; 13. Based on developed project an experimental vibrating conveyor was made, with some modifications to the patent; 14. The stand was made so that it can operate with one engine and two engines; 15. Experimental measurements were made with regard to the transport of various materials on the surface of this vibrating conveyor. I think the following aspects have to be solved in future researchs: 1. Continue to study various types of vibrating conveyors proposed in patents and making complete researches on mechanical modeling, the mathematical model, numerical solution and study the influence of various structural and kinematic parameters of vibrating movements. 2. Study the motion of bodies on the surface of vibrating conveyors with jumps. 3. Application of different optimization methods to achieve efficient operation of equipment energetically. 4. Study the orientation of the parts on vibrating surfaces

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