MEL 5101 - Analogue and Digital ICs and Their Applications Digital ICs

Logic families Encoders/Decoders Multiplexers/Demultiplexers Counters Timers Memory Devices

MEL 5101 - Analogue and Digital ICs and Their Applications References
The Art of Electronics Horowitz and Hill Digital Fundamentals Floyd Websites of semiconductor manufacturers (Analog Devices, Motorola, Intel Texas Instruments etc)
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Logic Families
Diode Logic (DL) Diode-transistor Logic (DTL) Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) and variants Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) Integrated Injection Logic (I2L) P-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Logic (PMOS) N-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Logic (NMOS) Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Logic (CMOS) Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor logic (BiCMOS)
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Logic Families
TTL Standard Low Power (L) Schottky (S) Low Power Schottky (LS) Advanced Low Power Schottky (ALS) Advanced Schottky (AS) CMOS Standard High Speed
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Function 74F00 74F02 74F04 74F08 74F10 74F11 74F20 74F27 74F30 74F32

Description Quad 2-Input NAND gate Quad 2-Input NOR gate Hex Inverter Quad 2-Input AND gate Triple 3-Input NAND gate Triple 3-Input AND gate Dual 4-Input NAND gate Triple 3-Input NOR gate 8-Input NAND gate Quad 2-Input OR gate

Lead 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

Dual in line Small outline package (DIP) Package (SOP) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

TTL (TransistorTransistor Logic)

OFF

Example: 7400 NAND Gate

High High

ON

Low
ON

TTL Ouputs

ON

High Low

ON OFF

High
OFF

When a TTL output is LOW, it can sink a large current.

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When the output is HIGH, it sources a small current.

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TTL Inputs
Therefore, the proper way to connect an LED is this:

and not this:

When a TTL input is at LOW, it sources a large current.

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When it is at HIGH, it draws only a small current.

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Connecting TTL to TTL

Outputs: LOW HIGH Inputs: LOW - current source (sources a large current) HIGH - current sink (draws only a small current) - current sink (can sink a large current) - current source (sources a small current)

Open Collector Output

A TTL output is designed to drive TTL inputs with a fanout of 10

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Open Collector Output

Driving Data Buses

Open collector devices are useful for: z Driving data buses z Driving external loads and z for Wired-OR

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Driving External Devices

+15 V

Wired OR
+5 V

+15 V gnd

A B C D E F

A+B+C+D+E+F

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Tristate Devices

Low Power Schottky

Three States: 0, 1, open circuit

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CMOS Logic

CMOS Logic

MOSFET as a logic gate

CMOS logic gate

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Comparison Between CMOS and TTL

TTL TTL supply voltage +5 V 5% Fast (25 50 MHz) High power dissipation CMOS supply voltage +3 V to 18 V Slow (5 MHz) Low power dissipation susceptible to damage by static electricity
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Sub Families
Standard 54xx or 74xx Low Power 54Lxx or 74Lxx Schottky 54Sxx or 74Sxx Low Power Schottky 54LSxx or 74LSxx Advanced Low Power Schottky 54ALSxx or 74ALSxx Advanced Schottky 54ASxx or 74ASxx CMOS Standard 4000 74 series 74C High Speed 74HC TTL compatible 74HCT
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Interfacing TTL and CMOS

ECL If a CMOS is operated with +5V, the levels are almost compatible. But, a TTL high is about 3.4 V and CMOS needs about 4.3 V to be high. Solution: use a pull-up resistor A CMOS operated with +5V can drive a single 74LS load. A CMOS buffer can drive about ten 74LS loads.

74F 74LS

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Performance Comparison of CMOS and TTL logic families

Performance Comparison of CMOS and TTL logic families

CMOS Technology Silicon gate TTL Advanced Advanced Low Power Schottky Schottky 74ALS 74AS Metal Low Power Standard Schottky gate Schottky 74 74LS 74S

Device series 74HC 4000 Power dissipation (mW/gate): Static 0.0000025 0.001 At 100 kHz 0.17 0.1 Propagation delay 8 50 time (ns) Maximum clock 40 12 frequency (MHz) Fanout: LS loads 10 4 Same-series

10 10 10 35

2 2 10 40

19 19 3 125

1 1 4 70

8.5 8.5 1.5 200

40 10

20 20

50 20

20 20

50 40

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