The Cartesian Coordinate System Plot the following points: 1. (-2,2) 2. (0, 4) 3. (-5,-3) 4. (2,-3) 5. (1.5,3.

5) Equation of a Line Exercise: Convert the following equation of a line into standard form: 1. 3x y + 4 = 0 2. y 3x = 6 3. 0 = 3x + 2y 4. 3x + 3/2y = 1 5. 4x + 2y 5 =0 6. y =3x + 2 6. (3,-5) 7. (1, 0) 8. (0.0) 9. (0,-8) 10. (-2.5,2 2/3)

Slope Exercise: Find the slopes of the following lines formed by two given points: a. (1,0) , (2,0) b. (3,4) , (5,-3) c. (-4,-2) , (2,4) d. (5,1) , (-1,-5) e. (2,1) , (1,4)

Solving the Equation of the Line Base on Slopes and y-intercept

Exercise: Draw the graph of a the following line by basing on the slope and yintercept.
1. y = 3x + 8 2. 3x + 2y = 18 3. 3x - 4y = 24 4. x + y = 8 5. x 2y = 10

Find the equation of a line in standard form by basing on the slopes and y-intercepts. 1. m = 2/3 , b = 6 2. m = -2, 4. m = 2, 5. m = .8, b = -2 b=6 b = 1/6 3. m = -1/2, b = 3

Exercise: Find the equations of the following lines with the given slope and passed through the given points. 1. m = , (2,3) 2. m = -2, (1,-4) 3. m = 2/3, (3,6) 4. m = -4, (-1/2, -3/4) 5. m = - 2, (3/4, 0)

Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Exercise: Predict which pair of the following pairs of lines is parallel. 1. 2x + 4y = 7, 2x = -4y + 11 2. 3x - 6y = 8, 3x = -6y + 14 3. 2x + 4y = 11, 4x + 8y = 19 4. 3x + 7y = 12, 9x + 21y = 2 5. 4x + 3y = 12, 4x = -3y + 15

Exercise: Which of the following lines are parallel. 1. 2x - 3y = 7, -2x + 3y =4 2. 4x -y = 1, -8x + 2y = -2 3. x - 2y = 1, 2x + y = 4 4. x/2 + y/2 = 5, 2x + 2y =3 5. x - y = 4, y- x = - 4 6. x/3 - y/3 = 2, 3x - 3y =1

Exercise: Which among the pairs of lines are perpendicular? 1. 2x + 3y = 7, 3x 2y = 4 2. 4x + y = 8 , x + 4y = 2 3. 3x y = 2, x + 2y = 9 4. 5x y=0, x + 5y = 2 5. 3x 6y = 10, 6x + 3y = 8

Exercise Graph the following linear equations; find the slopes and the intercept: 1. x = 4 2. x-y = 4 3. x+2y = 6 4. x-2y = 7

For each system, solve one of the equations for one of the variables. 1. y - 5x = 0 x + y = 12 4.3a + 2b = 13 4a = 4b +19 2. 2x - 3y =5 x+y=0 5. 2n +5m = 14
n m 2 4

3. 5s + 3t =1 3s - t = 9 6. 3p - 10 = 4q

p q 0 6 3

Solve by the substitution method. 7. x = 3 x + y -2 10. y = 4x x + y = 10 13. x + y = 1 4y + x = 6 16. 2x - 3y = 5 8. y = x - 8 y=4 11. y = 3x x + y = 20 14. x = 3y 5y - x = 8 17. 5v + u = -17 3u = 4v + 6 15. 12. 9. m = -2 2n = m y = x -2 x + y = 12 a=b+8 5b = 8 18. 4a = 3b + 15 x + 3y = -2 2b -a = 0

Solving Systems of Linear Equations in Two Unknowns A. Graphical Solution Exercise: Solve the following pairs of linear equations. Tell if there is no solution. 1. 3x + 2y = 12 and 4x + 3y = 12 2. 4x 2y = 10 and 2x 4y = 10 3. 5x 2y = -10 and 2y + 5x = 5

4. 4x + 2y = 6 and x y = 6. 5. 2x + 3y = 12, and 4x + 6y = 11 6. x = y, and x =3 7. x = -2y, and 2x y 8. y = 2x + 3 and 4x 2y = 5

Exercise: Solve the following pairs of equations by addition method. 1. 3x + 2y = 12 and 4x + 3y = 12 2. 4x 2y = 10 and 2x 4y = 10 3. 5x 2y = -10 and 2y + 5x = 5 4. 4x + 2y = 6 and x y = 6. 5. 2x + 3y = 4 and 4x + 6y = 7 6. x = y, and x =3 7. 3x 2y = 8 and 6x + 2y = 16 8. x + 1/2y = and 1/2x + y = 2

Solutions Using Substitution For each system, solve one of the equations for one of the variables.

1. y - 5x = 0 x + y = 12

2. 2x - 3y =5 x+y=0

3. 5s + 3t =1 3s - t = 9

4.3a + 2b = 13 4a = 4b +19

5. 2n +5m = 14

6. 3p - 10 = 4q

n m 2 4

p q 0 6 3

Solve by substitution method.

7. x = 3 x + y -2

8. y = x - 8 y=4

9. m = -2 2n = m

10. y = 4x x + y = 10

11. y = 3x x + y = 20

12. y = x -2 x + y = 12

13. x + y = 1 4y + x = 6

14.x = 3y 5y - x = 8

15. a = b + 8 5b = 8

16. 2x - 3y = 5 x + 3y = -2

17. 5v + u = -17 3u = 4v + 6

18. 4a = 3b + 15 2b -a = 0

Exercise: Solve using elimination method. Check by graphical method. 1. 3x + 2y = 4 , 4x + 2y = 8 2. 4x + 3y = 6, 2x + 3x = 8 3. 5x 2y = -10 and 2y + 5x = 5 4. 4x + 2y = 6 and x y = 6. 5. x + y = 0 and 3x y = 5. 6. x = y, and x =3 7. x = -2y, and 2x y Practice Problems: Solve the following systems of linear equations. Use any method. 1. x - y = -1, -x + 3y = -1

2. -x - 3y = 10, 5x + 2y = 45 3. 6x + 5y = 5, -x - y = -12

Solve by graphing 1. x + y = -3 -x + y = 5 3. -x + y = -1 3x + y = -5 2. -x + 2y = 4 x+ y=5 4. x + y = 5 5x + 6y = 29

5. 4x + 5y = 2 -5x + 3y = 7 7. x + y = 6 3x + 4y = -22

6. -x + 3y = -10 x+ y=6 8. 2x 6y =4 6x - 7y = -5

Solving age problems using two equations of two unknowns: Exercises: Represent the following ages using algebraic expression.

1. Age of Sara 10 years from now 2. Sara is twice the age of John. 3. John is 5 years older than George. 4. Age of John 5 years ago. 5. Age of John is 3 times that of Sonny less 5 years. 6. John is 1 and a half times older than Sara. 7. Johns age is twice that of Joe ten years from now.
Exercise: 1. Mary is five years older than Sue. Ten years ago, she was twice as old as Sue. How old are the two girls now? 2. Samantha is 8 and two-third years older than Jason. The sum of their ages is 23 years. How old is Jason? 3. Brian is three years older than Sydney. The sum of the ages of Brian and Sydney is seven. How old is Brian? 4. Ryan was born 6 and one-fourth years after Alexander. The sum of their ages is 66 and eleven-twelfth years. How old is Alexander? 5. If Samantha were three times as old as she was five years ago, she will be sixty less than six times her current age. How old is Samantha? 6. Al is 13 years older than Jack. Next year, the ratio of their ages will be 3:2. How old is each now? 7. Last year Sue was three times as old as Pablo. Next year she will be twice as old as Pablo is. How old is each now?

Number Problems: Exercise: Solve the following. 1. 2. 3. The sum of two numbers is 41. IF their difference is 11, what are the numbers? The units digit of a number is twice that of the tens digit. If the number is reversed the difference is 36. Find the number. The first digit of a number is 4 times that of the second digit. If the number is reversed, the resulting number is 54 more than the original number. What is the number? 4. The denominator of a fraction is 8 more than the numerator. If 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator, the value of the resulting fraction is . What is the resulting fraction? 5. If 1 is subtracted from the numerator of a fraction, the value of the resulting fraction is . However, if 7 is added to the denominator of the original fraction the value of the resulting fraction is 1/3. Find the original fraction.

Speed Problem Solve the following problems. 1. A car travelled at a steady speed for 120 km. Due to a mechanical problem, it returned at half that speed. IF the total time for the round trip was 4 hour, 30 minutes, find the two speeds. 2. Peter and Paul walked towards each other and after ten minutes the distance that separate them is 1.2 kilometer. If they will walk, away from each other the distance that will separate them is 1.4 kilometer. If Peter walk twice as fast as Paul what is the distance that separate them if they walk towards each other for 15 minutes. 3. Erin run a certain distance at 0.4 km/min and returned to her starting point at 0.3 km/min. If her total running time was 21 minutes, how far did she run at all.. 4. Lynn swims at an average speed of 3.6 km/hr. If Becky swims 2.25 km in the same time Lynn swims 1.8 km, what is Beckys average speed? 5. A small plane had been flying 1 hour when a change of wind direction doubled its average ground speed. IF the entire trip of 860 kilometer took 2.5 hour, how far did the plane travel in the first hour?

Simple Interest and Investment Problems Exercise: solve the following. 1. Mercedez receives 375 pesos per year from a 6000 pesos deposited in two banks. The first bank pays 10% interest while the second bank pays only 5%. How much is invested for each bank? 2. Gary invested one-third of his insurance settlement in a CD that yielded 12%. He also invested one-third in Taras computer business. Tara paid Gary 15% on this investment. If Garys total income from these investments was $10, 800 for a year, then what was the amount of his insurance settlement? Ratio Problem Exercise: Solve the following ratio problems. 1. The ratio of the total number of animals in a zoo to the number of bears is 22:1. If the total number of animals minus the number of bears is 315, find the number of bears. 2. The ratio of boys to girls at a school dance was 5:3. There would have been an equal number of boys and girls if there had been 3 more girls and 3 fewer boys. How many boys and how many girls were at the dance? 3. There are 812 students in a school. There are 36 more girls than boys. How many girls are there? 4. Since my uncles farmyard appeared to be overrun with chickens and dogs. I asked him how many of each he had. Being a puzzler as well as a farmer, my uncle replied that his digs and chickens had a total of 148 legs and 60 legs. How many dogs and how many chickens does my uncle have? 5. A pond was stocked with 2000 fish, all tilapia and catfish. The ratio of tilapia and catfish was 3 to 2. How many of each kind of fish were put in the pond? 6. In a pen containing pigs and chicken, it was found that there are 100 animals present. IF there are 280 legs all in all, what is the number of chicken and pigs? 7. 8. Three times a number increased by 3 is equal to 30. Find the number. A plumber wishes to cut a 51-inch pipe into three pieces so that each piece is 7 inches longer than the preceding one. Find the length of each piece. 9. The sum of two numbers is 25, and one number is four times the other number. Find the numbers. 10. . A basketball team played 20 games and won two more games than it lost. Find the number of games the team won. 11. If two times a number minus six is equal to 20, find the number. 12. Forty calculators are placed into two boxes so that one box has 4 more calculators than the other box. How many calculators are in each box? 13. A man is six times as old as his son. In 9 years he will be three times as old as his son. How old are they now?

14. A woman is twice as old as her daughter. Twenty years ago, she was four times as old as her daughter. How old are they now? 15. Mark is 4 years older than his brother Mike. If the sum of their ages is 20, how old are they now? 16. Marie is 12 years older than Mary. Nine years ago, Marie was twice as old as Mary. Find their present ages. 17. Sam is 18 and Bill is 24. How many years ago was Bill three times as old as Sam? 18. Pat is five years older than her brother. Two years from now, the sum of their ages will be 23. Find their present ages. 19. The sum of Tyler and Alanes ages is 36. Twelve years ago, Alane was twice as old as Tyler. Find their present ages. 20. Tara is two years older than Ashley. In 4 years from now, Tara will be twice as old as Ashley was 4 years ago. Find their present ages. 21. A father is three times as old as his twin sons. If the sum of their ages in two years will be 81, how old are they now? 22. How much cream that is 20% butterfat should be mixed with milk that is 5% butterfat to get 10 gallons of cream that is 14% butterfat? 23. How much of a 90% alloy must be combined with a 70% gold alloy in order to make 60 ounces of an 85% gold alloy? 24. How much of an alloy that is 40% zinc should be added to 75 pounds of an alloy that is 65% zinc to get an alloy that is 50% zinc? 25. How much of a solution that is 18% fertilizer must be mixed with a solution that is 30% fertilizer to get 50 gallons of a solution that is 27% fertilizer? 26. How much pure alcohol (100%) should be added to 40 ounces of a solution which is 20% alcohol to get 40 ounces of a solution which is 25% alcohol? 27. A merchant blends a $2.50 per pound tea with a $3.75 per pound tea to get 10 pounds of tea costing $3.00 per pound. How many pounds of each did the merchant use? 28. Charles and Henry together have 49 marbles, and Charles has twice as many as Henry and 4 more. How many marbles has each? 29. In an orchard containing 33 trees the number of pear trees is 5 more than three times the number of apple trees. How many are there of each kind? 30. John and Mary gathered 23 quarts of nuts. John gathered 2 quarts more than twice as many as Mary. How many quarts did each gather? 31. To the double of a number I add 17 and obtain as a result 147. What is the umber? 32. To four times a number I add 23 and obtain 95. What is the number?

33. From three times a number I take 25 and obtain 47. What is the number? 34. Find a number which being multiplied by 5 and having 14 added to the product will equal 69. 35. I have five hundred pesos of which contain 50-peso and 100-peso bills. The number of bills I have is seven. How many 50-peso bills I have? 36. A piggy bank contains 5-peso and 10-peso coins. The number of 10-peso coins is twice that of 5-peso coins. The total amount of money in the piggy bank is 500 pesos. 37. A piggy bank contains 5-peso and 10-peso coins. The total amount of five-peso coin is twice that of total amount of ten-peso coin. If the total money is 1000 pesos, how many five peso coins is inside the piggy bank.

Inequalities Exercise: Find the interval (or intervals) of values of the variable that satisfy the inequalities: 1. x + 5 > 9 2. 4 <= b - 12 3. x - 3.45 > 2.67 4. 4*y - 8 >= 10 5. -3x - 5/ 6 < x/3 6. (2/3)z-5 < 3z 7. (x + 2.3) / 3.2 >= 4.5 8. 4x - 8 >= 7x + 3 9. 3(y - 3) + (y - 3) >= (y - 3) 10. 3(t - 7) < 2 - 10t 11. 0 < 2 - 3x < 5 12. 3(1 - x)(2 + x) > 0 13. (3 - x)(4 + x) < 0 14. 3/8 < (3R - 4)/ 3 15. 0 < 1 - x/6 <= 1/6 16. [7(3x - 5) + 3(x - 1)]/3 <= 1 - x/6 17. (x + 4)/ 3 + x/2 > 3(3 - 2x)

Linear Inequalities of Two Variables:

Exercises: Draw the graph of the following equations or equalities. Shade the areas if applicable. 1. x > 50 2. y < 20 3. x+y > 40 4. x + 4y < 50 5. 2x + 3y > 6 6. y < 10 7. 4x + 3y < 12 8. 9x + 2y > 18 9. x-2y > 10 10. 7x + 4y =28

Exercise: Solve the following inequalities.

1. y < 50 x < 30 2. 2x +3y < 12 3x + 4y < 16 3. 4x + 5y < 20 y>2 4. 3x + 10y < 30 2x +3y < 24 x<8 5. x + y < 15 2x + 3y < 30 6. 4x + 3y = 36 y>2 7. 7x + 9y < 63 x + y < 27

3x + 4y < 48 8. 3x + 4y > 24 y > 10

Solving Quadratic Equations Exercise: Convert the following quadratic equation in a standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0. Identify also the value of a, b, and c. 1. x + 3x2 + 2 = 3 2. 2x2 = 3x 3. 3x2 + 2 + 3x = 0 4. 4x2 = 0 5. x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 6. x2 - 2x = 4 7. 5x2 = 9 x 8. (3x - 2)2 = 2 (hint: Expand then rearrange.) 9. 2x2 -7x + 6 = 3

Exercise: Solve the roots of the equations 1. 4x2 - 25 = 0 2. 6x2 = 43x + 40 3. 3x2 - x - 14 = 0 4. 3x2-2x-1=0 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. x2 + 4x 5 =0 x2 + 13x + 36 = 0 a2 +a - 56 = 0 y2 - 64 = 0 p2 = 5p +24

10. r2 = 18 +7r

Finding Roots by Completing the Squares: Solve by Completing the Square 1. 2s2 + 5s = 3 2. 3x2 = 3 - 4x 3. 9v2 - 6v - 2 = 0 4. x2 + 11x + 10 = 0 5. -12x2+ 22x =10 1. 6x2 + 15/2x + 3/2 = 0 2. 9x2 - 12x - 5 = 0 3. -x2 - 2x + 3 = 0 4. 2x2 3/2x + 5 = 0 5. 11. 12. 13. 8x2 x +19 =12 x2 + 13x + 36 = 0 a2 +a - 56 = 0 y2 - 64 = 0

Quadratic Formula Determine the roots using quadratic formula: 1. x2 - 4x + 1 = 0 2. x2 + 4x = 12 3. d2 - 9 = 0 4. 4x2 = 35 - 4x 5. 3s2 + 2s + 4 =0 6. 7. 8. 9. x2 - 14x - 15 = 0 a2 -5a + 4 = 0 b2 + 4 = 6b y2 - 8y = 4

10. x2 - 10x = 23 11. x2 + 7x + 6 = 0 12. -r2 - 6r + 3 = 0 13. 2y2 + 3 = -7y 14. z2 -13z -32 =0 15. 3x2 + 2 = -8x Solve for the equation 1. (n 9)2 = 27 2. (m + 2/3)2 = 1/9 3. (n + 3/4)2 = 1/16 4. (r + 2/3)2 = 5/9 5. (y + 3/4)2 = 3/16

6. 2(5x + 1)2 = 50 7. 3(2x + 4)2 = 36 8. 5(z 3)2 = 35 9. 7(m + 4)2 = 70 Solve the equation by completing the square. 10. x2 4x + 2 = 0 11. n2 3n + 5/4 = 0 12. r2 3r 10 = 0 13. p2 + 5p + 6 = 0 14. 4y2 6y 1/2 = 0 15. 3b2 12b 9 = 0 16. 3n2 8n + 4 = 0 17. 2t2 5t = 4 18. 2c2 + c = 5 Use a calculator to solve the equation by completing the square. Round your answers to the nearest hundredth. 19. t2 3.7t 10 = 0 20. p2 5.2p + 6 = 0 21. y2 = 10 + 5.4y 22. b2 = 22b + 2 Scientific Notation Exercise: Find the quotient. 1. 50,000,000 divided by 2050,000,000 2. .00000005 divided by 0.00002 3. .0004 divided by 50000 4. 10000 divided by .0005 5. .0004 divided by .000000006

Exercise: Add/Subtract the following: 1. 10 E4 + 12 E3 2. 105 E4 + 120 E3 3. 10 E64 - 15 E3 4. 19 E84 + 12 E103 5. 6 E4 + 12 E3 6. 110 E4 - 3 E3 7. 10 E4 + 12 E5 8. 10 E6 + 12 E3

Reducing Simplifying the Rational Expressions: Exercise: Simply the following rational expressions:

1.

3 6a2b 3a 8x2 y 3 2. 32xy 3. 27x2 y 4 18x 4 y 2

Simplifying Polynomial / Monomial Algebraic Expressions Exercise: Simplify the following rational expressions:

1. 2. 3. 4.

x2 8x 15 x 3 2 x 5x 36 x4 2 x 6x 10 x 2 2 x 4x 6

a2 2 2x 7x 5 5. 2x 1
Multiplication of Rational Expressions Exercise: Multiply the following rational expressions:

1.

y 3 y2 . y y2 9

a b a2 b2 . a b 2a 2b x2 4x 21 x2 8x 15 3. . x2 6x 16 x2 9x 14 2. 4. 5. 4x2 2ax (2a x)3 . x2 4ax 4a2 2x a

4z2 4 1 z 1 2z2 z4 . . 2 2z 1 z2 2z

Division of Polynomial Functions Find the quotient of the following:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

5 8 x

3 4 x 15 b a xy 4 9n 10 b (2 x) (6ab) 3x

5 ab 3 x 2y 3n 5 4 b2 4x 3y

a2

9a 2 2b

)2 5 2 10.4 ( ) 3 n a b 2a 2b 11. 3 6 12. 13. x2 1 2 2n 5 4 x 1 4 6n 15 8

9 .1 (

Addition and Subtraction Exercise: Find the least common multiple of the following: 1. 35, 7 2. 3m, 6m2n 3. 2a, 8a3 4. (a-1), (2a-2) 5. (x + 1), (x2 1) 6. (x +1),(x2+ 3x+2) 7. 2,3,4 8. (4x-2y), (y-2x)

Subtraction of Algebraic Fractions

Exercises: Write each fraction in lowest terms. 1. 45j3 2. 77d4 3. 64h4

63j 4. a2 - 7a + 12 5.

33d 4i5 - 24i4 6.

72h2 c2 - 1

a2 + 7a - 44 7. -13h2 + 195h - 702 8.

-9i2 + 54i 3c7 9.

c-1 -10b + 90

-18h3 + 162h2 10. a+9 11.

-7c d2 - 2d - 35 12.

2b2 - 162 12g8

-15a2 - 150a - 135 13. -10a5 14.

d2 - 49 10c - 80 15.

-16g4 + 12g3 c+9

-40a5 + 35a 16. i2 - 8i + 7 17.

-19c2 + 1216 b-2 18.

13c2 - 13c - 1170 -5c

i2 - 1 19. d2 + 7d + 10 d2 - d - 30 20.

-4b2 + 16 15h2 21h6 21.

6c3 13i2 + 78i - 520 42i3 + 420i2

Write each fraction in lowest terms. 1. 54c3 2. 36f 3. e2 - 7e - 44

72c4 4. 24j3 5.

48f4 -3k2 + 48 6.

e2 - 16 h+8

15j4 7. k2 - 10k + 16 8.

10k2 - 40k -9b2 - 36b - 72 9.

2h2 - 128 -288f2 + 360f + 1188

k2 + 2k - 8 10. 16e3 + 192e2 11.

b3 + 7b2 + 20b + 24 e-3 12.

-64f + 176 -3f2 - 18f - 3

20e2 + 276e + 432 13. f2 - 6f - 55 14.

4e2 - 36 b2 - 121 15.

2f2 + 12f + 2 -35b + 140

f2 - 23f + 132 16. e3 - 7e2 - 22e + 36 17.

b2 + 18b + 77 -8a2 + 26a - 20 18.

-12b2 + 192 12k2 - 768

-10e2 - 20e + 40 19. -9a2 - 117a - 270 20.

-4a6 + 8a5 28k2 - 28k - 840 21.

k-8 -13b2 + 832

a+3

28k3 - 168k2

b-8

Add the following fractions:

1.

8f + 6

3f

2.

2k +

7k

3 2f - 11 + 3 12 2c + 6. 4.

7 8 + w

21 5

3.

5f - 9

g 8c +

5.

6c

4c - 5

3 7. 3h + 3 9. 6

12 4h - 11 8.

16 9 + 6 18j 10. 6 +

8 9j + 3

4j 3u + 8

7 +

i 11.

y 4i + 9 + 5i 2y 3j + 6 18 16. 14. 12.

24d 9c + 8

6d 6c + 9 +

-9y + 5

12 7 + v i 5

13.

4j + 12

15.

8 + 6g + 3

3i + 5 + -4r + 6

4g 17.

36g 6 + 3g 6w e 18. 8

9i 4 + w

36i

-5w + 9

Multiplying Fractions:

1.

g3 g5 - 2g3

28

2.

4u

-21j3

12g - 36 4.

-7j

12u3 + 16u 2u

3.

2s 9a

9a2

3b3 - 7b2

4s3 -6u3 + 15u 6.

3b2 - 7b 72e6 5g3 - 35g2 -4g 8. 24e4 8e3

4u3

5.

g2 - 7g

-3u

36e5 2k2 + 10k + 12

7. 5g4 + 45g3

20k - 60

g2 + 9g

-16g2 + 24g g2 - 49 10.

2k + 4

30

9. g2 + 8g + 12

6g4 - 48g3 g3 + g2 - 8g - 8

9g + 63 11. 99b6 33b2 33b2 66b4

-7g4 - 42g3 12.

g2 - 64 -5p -p3 - 3c -5p2

g2 - 1 -p3c - 3c2

13.

d2 - 9d + 8 -8d3 + 8d2

d2 - 16

14.

-21g2 + 3pg

-4p

d2 - d - 12

-7g + p

-8p2 - 20p

Subtracting Fractions: 1. 9b 7 3. 6e 8 5. 4 + b 7. s 3k + 10 + 4 12 4e 8. 8 8e + 9 24e 3 16 6. 28 4i + 7 24 2 14 5e + 14 4. 16 8h + 7 5i - 9 3b 2. 7e + 4 3h 2e

9k + 11

9.

-6j + 9 + 2j

-5p + 2

10.

5h + 6 +

6h + 8

5p 6 12.

8 4j - 9 6j

11.

8 d

t 7 + 14.

4 9 -

16 -7q + 4

13.

12k

24k

Express in the simplest form, noting any restrictions on the variable.

A.

1.

3a 6 a2

2.

4n 12 n3

3.

3n 1 9n 3

4.

6x 6 y 6x 6 y

5.

2x 2 x 1
2

6.

2 y 14 49 y
2

7.

2 xy x y y x
2 2

4p 8. 4p 8p
3 2

9.

a 2 8a 16 16 a 2

10.

b 2 25 b 12 b 35
2

11.

4 y 20 4 y 2 100

6x 8x 2 2 12. 16 y 9 x

13.

2 y y 4y 4
2

14.

( a 5) 2 25 a 2

15.

(2 x y ) 3 ( y 2 x) 4

(4n 3) 5 5 16. (3 4n)

17.

x 2 xy x 2 xy

18.

2ab 2ac 4a 2 4b 4c 8a

( x 2)( 2 x 5) (5 2 x)( x 2) 19.

20.

(3r 7) 2 (2r 1 (1 2r )( 7 3r )

21.

2n 2 5n 3 4n 2 8n 5

22.

2z 2 z 6 2z 4

23.

3 x 2 15 x 3 x 2 16 x 5

24.

4n 2 6n 4n 2 8n 21

25.

10 7a a 2 a2 4

2y2 9y 4 2y2 8y 26.

x2 y2 2 2 27. x 2 xy 3 y

28.

a2 b2 a 2 5ab 4b 2

29.

16 x 2 49 y 2 16 x 2 56 xy 49 y 2

30.

4 x 2 16 xy 15 y 2 2 x 2 xy 10 y 2

31.

6a 3 10 a 2 36 a 3 100 a

32.

8a 2 6ab 5b 2 16 a 2 25 b 2

a b x ( a b) a b 33.

34.

a4 4 a 2 (a 2) 2a 2

C. 35.

2 x 3 13 x 2 15 x 15 x 7 x 2 2 x 3

36.

x 4 10 x 2 9 3 2x x 2

37.

a 2 9b 2 2a 6b (a 3b) 2 4

38.

x 3 6 x 2 4 x 24 x 3 2 x 2 36 x 72

a 2 6ab 9b 2 9 3a 9b 9 39.

(a b) 3 4(b a) 2 40. (a b) 4(b a) 4

D. For which value(s) of x do the given fractions equal zero? (Hint: A fraction is equal to zero only if its numerator equals zero.)

41.

x 2 3x x 2 2x 3

42.

x 2 2x 8 x 2 4x

42.

x 2 2 x 15 x 2 3x 40

x4 x2 x3 x 2 2x
44.

45.

2 x 3 x 2 10 x x 3 2 x 2 8x

46.

3x 4 27 x 3 60 x 2 6 x 2 6 x 72

Simplifying Complex Fractions Simplify the following complex fractions:

x 1 1. x2 1 x 1 2x 2

x x a 2. 2 b 3 x x 2 2 a b

x2 x2 a b 3. 2 x 4 x3 8 2 a2 b

Rational Exponents and Radical Expressions

Exercise: Simplify the following: 1. (x2y4)4 2. 3. 4. 5. x3y3.x2y4

x3 x2
( x2 )4 y3

1 x2 y3

Simplify.

1.

75

2.

90

3.

294

4.

726g9

5.

384

6.

360

7.

0.64

8.

0.25

9.

0.0004

10.

51859

11.

12-567c5e3 12.

6-1008g7i1d0

13.

71176k8

14.

4720

15.

2360

16.

3-3072h5j5i0

17.

8588d4

18.

-9448e3g6i9

Simplify the following radicals

1. 4. 7. 10. 13. 16.

0.81 0.16 0.0049 20.25 60.04 90.04

2. 5.

0.0004 0.0064 8. 11. 14. 17. 0.36 8-0.0016 70.81 4-0.0064

3. 6. 9.

0.0009 0.25 12-0.49 12. 15. 18. 0.0036 100.0009 3-0.0036

19.

110.16

20.

8-0.0049

21.

30.81

THE PRINCIPAL POWERS OF i Simplify:

1) b10
Simplify: 1. Simplify: 1) 4. Simplify: 1.) 5)

2) 3 27 x 6 y15

3) 4 16x 8 y 4

4) 5 32x 25 y 40

x3 y 6 z 9

2.

60 xy z
7

12

3.

216 x5 y9

4.

64 x8 y10

3 y 12 y

2)

2 2 x3 4 x 8x
5)

3)

128

250
3x y
5

4 x7 y 5 9 x 2

x3 y5 5xy x5 y3

6y

48x 2 x
5

246xy 4
4

14 35

2)

a3b ab4
6)

3)

4a2b3
7)

8ab5
8ab
3 2

4)

y
9ab
4

y 5

2x 4

y 2

y 2

4a b

Variation Exercise: The distance between you and lightning varies directly as the time interval between the lightning and the thunder. Suppose that thunder from lightning 5400 ft away takes 5 sec to reach you. a) Sketch the graph. What is the constant of proportionality? b) If the time is 8 sec, how far is the lightning? Exercise: Solve the following direct variation problems: 1. x varies directly with x. If x is 5 when y is 15, find the value of x when y is 25.

2. The salary of the person depends on the number of years he served on the company. After five years the salary is 10, 100 pesos per month. What is his salary after 8 years?

Exercises: 1. The strength of a rectangular beam varies jointly as its width and the square of its depth. If the strength of a beam 2 inches wide and 10 inches deep is 1000 pounds per square inch, what is the strength of a beam 4 inches wide and 8 inches deep? 2. It is shown in engineering that the maximum load a cylindrical column of a circular crosssection can hold varies directly as the fourth power of the diameter and inversely as the square of the height. If a column 9 feet high and 3 feet in diameter will support a load of 8 tons, how great a load will be supported by a column 12 feet high and 2 feet in diameter? 3. Assume that y varies directly with x. If x = 2 when y = 12, find the value of y when x = 12. 4. Assume z varies jointly with x and y. Find the constant of variation when x = 3, y = 4, and z = 24. 5. The width of a rectangle of fixed area varies inversely with the length. If the width of the rectangle is 4 cm, its length is 10 cm. What is the length when the width is 8 cm? 6. Write a formula to express this law: at a constant temperature, the volume, V, of a gas varies inversely with the pressure, P. Use k as the constant of variation. 7. Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Write a formula expressing this property using F as the force, m as the mass, and a as the acceleration. 8. The amount of water emptied by a pipe varies directly with the square of the diameter of the pipe. For a certain constant water flow, a pipe emptying into a canal will allow 200 gallons of water to escape in an hour. The diameter of the pipe is 6 inches. How much water would a 12-inch pipe empty into the canal in an hour, assuming the same water flow? 9. The illumination produced by a light source varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source. If the illumination produced 1 meter from a certain light source is 768 footcandles, find the illumination produced 6 meters from the same source.

10. The volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure and directly with the temperature of the gas. If a certain gas occupies a volume of 1.3 liters at 300 degrees Kelvin and a pressure of 18 Newtons per square centimeter, find the volume at 340 degrees Kelvin and a pressure of 24 Newtons per square centimeter. 11. The frequency of a vibrating string varies inversely as its length. (This means that a longer string vibrates fewer times in a second than a shorter string). Suppose a piano string 2 feet long vibrates 250 cycles per second. What frequency would a string 5 feet long have? 12. According to Hooke's Law, the force needed to stretch a spring is proportional to the amount the spring is stretched. If fifty pounds stretches a spring five inches, how much will the spring be stretched by a force of 120 pounds? Ans. 12 in 13. Under certain conditions, the thrust T of a propeller varies jointly as the fourth power of it diameter d and the square of the number n of revolutions per second. Show that, if n is doubled and d is halved, the thrust T is decreased by 75%. 14. The weight of a body varies inversely as the square of its distance from the center of the earth. If the radius of the earth is 4000 miles, how much would a 200-pound man weight 1000 miles above the surface of the earth?

Statistics and Probability

Solve the following: n=5 1. (XY Z) i= 2 n=6 2. (2X + Y Z) i= 1 n=6 3. (3X +2Y + Z +5) i= 2 n=5 4. (X + 2Y Z)
2

i= 2 n=5 5. (XY) i= 2
2

Hint: Solve the total value, then get its square.

Permutations and Combinations Try solving these exercises: 1. How many ways can we arrange three letters taken from the letters of the word variant? 2. Three numbers in exact sequence has to be chosen from 47 numbers. What is the sample space? 3. A CD key is compose of five letters and three digits. The letters and digits are not to be repeated. What is the sample space?

Counting Sample Space 1. List down all the possible outcome in answering a three item survey with three options. Count the elements of the sample space. 2. Determine the sample space if two letters are chosen without repetition from the letters of the word egypt.

3. How many possible outcomes if you choose three digits from five digits if the digits are not to be repeated?

Permutations, Combinations, Multiplication Rule: 4. In how many ways can the offices of president, vice president, and treasurer be filled from a group of 8 people? 5. In how many ways can 6 girls be arranged in a straight line?

6. How many numbers between 10 and 20 can be formed by the digits 1, 2, and 3 if no repetition is allowed? How many can be formed if repetition is allowed? 7. How many odd-numbered integers can be formed by the digits 2, 3, 6, 5, 9, 7 if each digit may be used only once?

8.

In how many different ways can the letters of the word number be arranged if each arrangement begins with a vowel?

9. A theater has 6 entrances. In how many ways can you enter and leave by a different entrance?

10. In how many ways can you mail three letters in five letter boxes if no two letters are mailed in the same box? 11. Archie has seven grocery stores and six meat markets. In how many ways can you buy a pound of hot dogs and a bag of flour?

12. Four people enter a bus in which there are six empty seats. In how many ways can the people be seated?