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EMf xx*
  ul& ( n  o n  ! inLLu) p The Critical Edition of the Mahbhrata a2
1. Bmg qmVhCVm, "QfVl gCi: XeV h um', lbwLw c jqila: A lXp NCX V c HXLne Ah c dj Lw,
fbj fLn 2001, AgX CEeilpV fp, eE c, 2002,f: 207 z
2. jLc mb, "c LepV Ah Benwp Ce c jqila', c jqila liSVX, pfce: Bl He ccLl, pqa HLXj,
eE c, 1990,f: 113, f: 115 z
3. jLc mb, ach, f: 119 z
4. S Hm
qa, "c XpLp Ah iump Ce c jqila', gmSg H lmSue: Hpp Ce CVlfVne, Cue
LEpm Ah gmSgLm lpQ H jplj jeqlmm fhmnp, eE c 1990, f: 256 z
5. hc Xmju, "XNX mumVp: B LpLm Cue CVliene Ce Lul Hb', Hb Ce c Jul lmSuep, pfce
S. leS J ep. Hj. jVe, AgX 2007, f: 293 - 306 z
6. EfMeV eu BmQel Se cMe: (L) Bmg qmVhCVm, ach, f: 213, (M) hc Xmju, ach, f: 294 z
7. "Aen'-Hl eaL avfkl Se hla BmQel Se cMe: hc Xmju, ach, f: 298 - 305 z
8. ppp Ah Cue VXne, fbj M: j c hNew V 1800, pfce: HCepm. V. Hjh, fCe hLp, eE c, 1992,f:
170 - 171 z
9. jmfW: 1 nmenpe, AnL mf, pfce J Aehc: Ajm Qc pe, jqhd hL HSp, LmLa 1994 f: 114 z
10. RcN Efeoc, 3.16.1 J 3.17.4, Ae: Hp ldLoe, c fpfm Efeocp, qlfl Lmp fhmnp Cu, eE c,
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11. hqcleL Efeoc, 4.4.2,c fpfm Efeocp, ach, f: 279z
12. c hLlZ jqio Ah fam, pfce: Hg. LHmqe, fbj M, f: 474, f: 476 z
13. jLc mb, "c LepV Ah Benwp Ce c jqila', c jqila liSVX, pfce: Bl He ccLl, pqa
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14. Bmg qmVhCVm, "QfVl gCi: XeV h um, lbwLw c jqila: A lXp NCX V c HXLne Ah c dj Lw',
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15. Lneb Efdu, "QfVl 2 : pLne h : c LfjCSw LlLVl Ah c iNhcNa', Blm hSj H c iNhcNa,
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16. Qahc heb, "QfVl gCi: Aqwp - ee-iump, c gEne Ah mCg', c jqila: Be HeLul Ce c
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17. lQX Hg. NlQ, "QfVl 3: c h'p dj', blhc hSj: A ppm qV j HepuV help V jXe Lm, lVmS
me, 1988, f: 67 z
18. jepwqa, 1.91, pf: fee aLla, pwa fL il, LmLa 2000, f: 40 z
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22. aLl p, "hL V mLQl 15: 1 - 4', Ae: qje SLh, c pX hLp Ah c CV, M 22, pf: Hg. jjml,
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Eldue p , "mLQl 23',Ae: qje SLh, c pX hLp Ah c CV, M 45, pf: Hg. jjml, jamm helpcp,
c 2002 f: 119 - 129,
23. c iNhcNa, 6.10 pf: Hp ldLoe, eE c, f: 192 z
24z Hj. L. N, "fhmjp Ah ee-iump' (SlV : 9 ANV, 1925) c LmX JuLp Ah jqa N, M - 32, c
fhmLnep Xine, jeV Ah Cegljne H hXLVw, NijV Ah Cu, c 1968, f: 273 z
25. c iNhcNa, 6.10 pf: Hp ldLoe, eE c, f: 192 - 193 z
26. Hj. L. N, "c Xe Ah c pX'(SlV, 11 ANV, 1920) c LmX JuLp Ah jqa N, M - 21, ach, f:
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27. ach, f: 134 z
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29. Hj. L. N, "fhmjp Ah ee-iump' (SlV : 9 ANV, 1925) c LmX JuLp Ah jqa N, M - 32,
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30. Hj. L. N, "Ae Aqwp, lfC V mm mSfa lu' ( Ahl 1916) c LmX JuLp Ah jqaN, M - 15,
ach, f: 251 - 252 z
31. "Bj Nal fu phLV CwlS Aehc fsR Hhw Bj HXCe Ble La aSjVLC n hm je Ll': Hj. L. N,
Ae AVhuNg Al c Vl Ah jC HfljV ECc Vb , c pmX JuLp Ah jqaN, fbj M, ehShe fhmnw
qES, Bjchc 1968, f: 100 z
32. Hj. L. N, Ae AVhuNg Al c Vl Ah jC HfljV ECc Vb , c pmX JuLp Ah jqaN, au
M, ehShe fhmnw qES, Bjchc 1968, f: 393 z

33. ach, f: 393 z


34. ach, f: 393 z
35. ach, f: 394 z
36. jLc mb, ach, f: 115 z
37. H. Hm hnj, "CVXLne: hpL Xep Ah SeSj', ppp Ah Cue VXne, fbj M: j c hNew V 1800,
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38. aLl p, "hL V, mLQl 15: 1 - 4', Ae: qje SLh, c pX hLp Ah c CV, M 22, pf: Hg. jjml,
jamm helpcp, c 2002 f: 202 - 204,
Eldue p , "mLQl 23', Ae: qje SLh, c pX hLp Ah c CV, M 45, pf: Hg. jjml, jamm helpcp,
c 2002 f: 119 - 129 z
felu cMe: Efcl pw, "QfVl 6: pVS, LwS H leepupVp: eb Cu, 600 - 300 h. p. C: pLne Bm
SeSj', A qV Ah HenuV H jXuim Cu: gj c Ve HS V c 12b pl, fulpe mPje, c, 2009, f:
312 - 319 z
39. pLa, "hL 1, mLQl 1, QfVl 4: ip ew 9 J 10', Ae : qje SLh, c pX hLp Ah c CV, M 45, pf:
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Bcnl felQlZ: pLa, "hL 1, mLQl 2, ip ew 9 J 10', Ae : ach f: 311 z
40. HLl p, "hL 1 mLQl 1, mpe 2', ach, f: 3 - 5 z
41. Hp ldLoe, "QfVl 8: HfL gmSg', Cue gmSg, fbj M, AgX CEeilpV fp, eE c, 1999, f:
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42. ach, f: 506 z
43. pNj uX, huX c fSl fpfm, Ae: Sjp VQ, c fCe uX mChl, M 11: "Ae jVpCLmS', fCe
hLp, me, 1991, f: 311 - 322 z
44. Am lQXp, "gVeV 2', huX c fSl fpfm, ach f: 272 z
45. pNj uX, huX c fSl fpfm, ach f: 316 z
46. ach, 311 z
47. H hou hla BmQel Se cMe : nhS hcfdu, "XgCew Vll: A uXue HlpCS', pup, mVlQl
H CpbVLp, pfce: Aju ch, qV Ah pup gmSg H LmQl Ce Cue pimCSne, imEj15, fV 3, pVl
gl VXS Ce pimCSne, eE c 2008, f: 567 - 631 z
48. HXmg qVml, "c lCV V pmg-Xgp', jCe Lg, SCeL fhmnp, c, f: 572 z
49. qCel LgqV, Ce c jVl Ah S. lhV JfeqCjl, Aehc: lb fup, jbue, me, 1967, f: 67 z

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pn: A Critique of Nonviolence, Seminar 608, April 2010, ed. Rakesh


Pandey]

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