BIOMIMETICS IN ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE OF LIFE AND BUILDINGS PETRA GRUBER

Petra Gruber Institute for History of Architecture and Arts, Building Research and Preservation Vienna Institute of Technology Vienna, Austria Printed with nancial support of Bundesministerium fr Wissenschaft und Forschung, Vienna, Austria This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. This does also refer to information about drug dosage and application thereof. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2011 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at Cover Illustrations: Petra Gruber Copy editing: Petra Gruber, Jo Lakeland Image editing: Roman Bnsch Typesetting: Petra Gruber Printing: Strauss GmbH, Mrlenbach, Germany Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12594559 With 466 Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938940 ISBN 978-3-7091-0331-9 SpringerWienNewYork

CONTENT
1 2 Introduction Background
2.1 2.2 2.3 Architecture Bionics [Bionik] Biomimetics Transfer and methods

7 9
9 13 41

Classical approaches to investigate overlaps between biology and architecture

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Relationship between nature and architecture "Natural construction" Nature's design principles Parallels, differences and synergies between design in nature and in architecture Biomimetics in construction and architecture

50
51 54 96 108 109

New approaches and application of biology's life criteria on architecture

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Life, biology Architectural interpretation of life criteria Comments and hitherto unexplored elds A living architecture

110
110 124 191 194

Case studies
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Adaptation and evolution of traditional architecture on Nias Island Transformation Architecture Lunar Exploration Architecture Biomimetic Design Proposals

196
196 243 247 254

Discussion
6.1 6.2 Transfer strategies and methods Suggestions

262
262 263

Appendix
7.1 7.2 Literature Figures and Photography

264
264 270

Contents |