Vanessa D.

Peralta AIN

1. Define challenging behavior Challenging behavior is defined as behavior of such intensity, frequency or duration that the physical and emotional safety of the person or others is placed in serious jeopardy or behavior which is likely to seriously limit or deny access to the use of ordinary community facilities. (Emerson et. Al. 1987) cited in INTO Managing Challenging Behavior Challenging Behavior can be cause by; Medical, psychiatric, and environmental factors. It can cause danger to self and others, social isolation, lack of social, domestic, and or employment opportunities. 2. Define aggression Aggression can be found across cultures, age groups and gender; its behavior and was not an emotion. According to Robert A. Baron and Deborah R. Richardson it is defined as any form of behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. It also means standing up for your rights, but in a way that violates the rights of other people. It means saying what you believe in a way that assumes that it the only truth, and that any contradictory statement is wrong. Aggressive people often uses anger, aggressive body language other threatening behavior to bully, subjugate and dominate other people. They will use punishing language to infer guilt and create shame. The will use overt techniques of conversion to create unquestioning compliance.

Example 1: While walking in the park someone nearly runs into you on their bike. The natural reaction or aggressive reaction would be to claim they intended to crash into you. "Goofball! you're not supposed to run your bike into people!" You're so stupid. Just do as I say and don't ask questions. What! Are you arguing with me!! How dare you!!! Was that you? You know you shouldn't have done that. The core assumption of aggressive behavior is that the aggressor is superior to others in some way, and hence that other people have lesser rights and less valid truths than you. The result of aggressive behavior is that the aggressor gets much of what they want whilst losing the respect of other people. Whilst aggressive people appear to have friends, these are often passive people who either fear leaving or seek protection.

If you can cow another person then they are less likely to assertively or aggressively stand up for their rights. The goal of much aggressive behavior is to create passive behavior in others. Aggressive people often have deep fears that they project onto other people. Bullies are often cowards who use aggression as a method ofattack that pre-empts others attacking them. Where they fear particular people, they may displace their revenge onto unwitting victims.

3. How would you manage this situation? Discuss effective communication and safety measures. The first step in managing challenging behavior involves a careful assessment, and appropriate response to any physical, biological, psychosocial, cultural or environmental triggers or other perpetuating factors. When a person exhibits a challenging behavour responding appropriately and skillfully to this behavior is emperative. In the situation; educating the staff what would be the possible result of smoking to her/his body is necessary and to other staff or people that will breathe in the smoke. By reflecting NSW core values which is collaboration, openness, respect and empowerment we can promote a positive and violence free work place. Tips for effective communication and safety measures to avoid violence: Staff should always try to treat people, or other staff with respect, regardless of their behavior Should stay as calm as possible; it can keep tensions from escalating and may help defuse the situation. If the member of the staff cannot stay calm they should consider suspending or terminating the interview, or leaving the vicinity for a while to cool down. Should attempt to show empathy and concern. For example by saying I can see your frustration and Im frustrated too. But unfortunately the rules are and as a employee we have to follow. Try to avoid using the phrase calm down as this may suggest to the aggressor that the staff member has failed to grasp the gravity or importance of the situation Rather than insisting the right and policy that staff need to follow, the staff should let the other staff with aggressive behavior to see the situation differently. For example the staff could sayI can see we dont see this the same way. They could also consider bringing in another person who can help or a councilor. If they become more verbally abusive, staff should tell them they will be able to help them better if they lower their voice, and stop attacking. Staff doesnt have to tolerate abuse. Staff must not promise or suggest outcomes which are not possible to get out of a difficult situation. Ready the emergency button if need help. If he/ she become physically abusive make sure you have the button to press to call wards men or the guard.

By taking note of tips for effective communication we can explain to this staff the NSW health directive, and possible outcome if she/he breach the code of conduct and giving him or her a quick overview of smoking.

According to NSW Health Directive: Staff members who wish to smoke whilst at work must only do so in designated staff smoking areas, during award rest breaks (morning tea, afternoon tea, lunch and dinner). When designated smoking areas are removed, smokers are expected to smoke outside the perimeter of the NSW health premises Staff members are required to comply with the Area Health Service/Department of Health (AHS/DOH) Smoke-Free Policy, in line with the implementation stage for the particular facility/ Area Health Service Supervisors and managers are responsible for ensuring AHS/DOH policy is implemented. If informal counseling is insufficient to address any breaches by a staff member, then formal written counseling would be an appropriate and necessary step in addressing the matter. Clearly, visitors expect to see the policy applied in a consistent manner and any breaches of this policy by staff would be regarded in a similar way as breaches of AHS/DOH policy generally, and as a breach of the AHS/DOH Code of Conduct.

What happens if theres a breach of code of conduct? There is a range of consequences for breaches of this code depending on the nature and seriousness of the matter. Managers have the responsibility to address the alleged breaches of the code promptly and in a fair and reasonable manner. They need to assess the seriousness of any alleged breaches and how they should be dealt with. Possible outcomes for a staff member who has breached the code maybe: Counseling Performance improvement plans Formal disciplinary action Referral to the relevant registration board when the staff member is a registered health practitioner Referral to the police in cases of suspected criminal offence Referral to the government agencies such as independent commission against corruption or; Termination of employment

Smoking Addiction - Health Effects and Treatment By Sam N K Any habit can be harmful if it becomes an addiction. Smoking addiction can be termed as an inability of a person to quit smoking. It is an irresistible dependence of a person to cigarettes; to so much so

extent that leaving cigarettes results in appearance of severe withdrawal effects both physically and emotionally. Smoking is a bad habit and it should be discouraged as much as possible. It is not at all necessary to start smoking just because of fashion, tension, taste, or style. A person must avoid getting indulged into such activities which have a tendency of transforming into addiction later on. According to an estimate, only about 2.5 smokers quit smoking per year. Cigarettes contain nicotine in them which is the cause of addiction. When smokers inhale the cigarette smoke, nicotine gets absorbed in the blood stream. NICOTINE EFFECTS: Nicotine has a stimulant effect on the electrical activity of brain. Meanwhile it also gives a soothing or calming effect which makes it popular during the times of stress. It also affects the hormonal system of body. If nicotine is inhaled in larger amounts, it gives a calming effect by activating the pleasure centers of brain. Generally the smokers begin with low doses of nicotine and with time as their body becomes resistant to these low doses, they require increased quantities of nicotine. Thus by gradually increasing the nicotine intake, by the passage of time they become smoking addicts and thus it becomes almost impossible for them to quit smoking. HARMFUL HEALTH EFFECTS: Almost everyone knows that smoking carries a lot of injurious effects on health. They appear because of the inhalation of smoke, which ultimately damages the lungs. Smoking greatly reduces the life limit of an individual. It brings death about 10 to 15 years closer than what an otherwise healthy individual is expected to have a maximum age. An average smoker would have increased his life limit to about 10 to 15 years more if he was a non-smoker. Smoking has several side effects, although they are slow to appear. It greatly reduces the life expectancy of a person. Smoking has the highest risk of developing lung cancer. About 87 percent of deaths occurring due to lung cancer are the result of smoking, per year. About 82 percent of deaths occurring due to emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the result of smoking. Smoking has injurious effects on heart. About 30 percent of deaths occurring due to cardiac disease are the result of smoking. Smoking is responsible for a delayed healing of the peptic ulcer erosion in stomach as compared to the non-smokers. It slowly affects the blood vessels which lead to chronic pain in legs. This can progress in severe cases to gangrene and amputation.

Women are affected by having an earlier menopause. Pregnant women are going to harm their babies if they do not quit smoking during pregnancy. Infertility is also a side effect of smoking in females by delaying the conception process. There are increased chances of developing osteoporosis in chronic cigarette smokers. Men can face impotency due to smoking. TREATMENT: Smoking addiction cannot be cured by a proper help and support. A person seeking help to quit smoking must join the medical centers made for this purpose. They help both by psychological and medical treatment. In order to prevent the person from withdrawal effects of nicotine, cigarettes are first replaced by the medicines which contain a low dose of nicotine and ultimately reducing the amount to zero. The withdrawal effects of nicotine include tobacco cravings, headaches, anger, depression, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia (sleeplessness) etc. Smoking is a harmful habit which slowly progresses to addiction and the best way to stop is to nip the evil in the bud. It is best to stop a person as soon as he starts smoking by telling him more and more about its injurious effects, rather than to watch the scenario go worse. Sam from PeerForum.com - learn more about smoking addiction and how to finally quit smoking once and for all.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sam_N_K

References: 1. Definition of challenging behavior http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenging_behaviour 2. Definition of aggressive behavior and example http://changingminds.org/techniques/assertiveness/aggressive_behavior.htm Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/944790 3. Managing the situation and effective communication, safety measures http://www.hsj.gr/volume1/issue2/issue02_rev03.pdf http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/pd/2005/PD2005_315.html http://ezinearticles.com/?Smoking-Addiction---Health-Effects-and-Treatment&id=5601990 http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/pd/2012/pdf/PD2012_018.pdf