SMB4034 Assignment/Quiz Chapter 3 1) How much details technical knowledge on the part of managers is required to make a decision regarding

the selection of hardware? 2) Explain what is meant by the term as below: a) CAD Computer aided design (CAD) is computer design used to design and manufacture products. The term CAD can implies that an engineer can use the system both for designing a product and for controlling manufacturing processes. For example once a design has been produced with the CAD component, the design it self can control the machines that construct the part. Function CAD (computer-aided design) software is used by architects, engineers, drafters, artists, and others to create precision drawings or technical illustrations. CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-dimensional (3D) models. Advantage CAD: Can be easily erased and changed Can be quicker Can be store in a safe place Can be checked for measurement by the computer Can easily mass produce identical products. Disadvantage CAD: If computer problem, all data will be lost Can be hard to do and handling needs training If not checked properly, the object created can go very strong

b) CAM Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses geometrical design data to control automated machinery. CAM systems are associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems. These systems differ from older forms of numerical control (NC) in that geometrical data are encoded mechanically. Since both CAD and CAM use computer-based methods for encoding geometrical data, it is possible for the processes of design and manufacture to be highly integrated. Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems are commonly referred to as CAD/CAM. c) CAPP Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is the use of computer technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product, in manufacturing. CAPP is the link between

CAD and CAM in that it provides for the planning of the process to be used in producing a designed part. CAPP is the use of computer technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product, in manufacturing. CAPP is the link between CAD and CAM in that it provides of the process to be used in producing a designed part. Process planning in concern with determining the sequence of individual manufacturing operations needed to produce a given part or product. The process-planning problem comes out as a rigid hierarchical structure of tasks where the lowest levels are well-defined tasks, such as determination of machine and cutting parameters, while the top levels control, coordinate and manage the entire system. Such a top-down manner of coordination makes it a tightly coupled distributed decision-making situation. The complexity of CIM systems with hierarchical structures grows rapidly with the size of the system, making them very expensive. Also, assimilating a large array of knowledge sources to plan the activities is a major hurdle.

d) CIM Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes. Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.CIM is an example of the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in manufacturing. CIM also combination of separate applications, such as computer aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), robotics and manufacturing resource planning (MRP=11). Its objectives are to streamline the manufacturing processes and to integrate them with other businesses function such as accounting, financing, distributing and marketing. CIM implies that there are at least two computers exchanging information, e.g. the controller of an arm robot and a micro-controller of a CNC machine.

e) GT f) FMS A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is some amount of flexibility that allows the system to react in the case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted. This flexibility is generally considered to fall into two categories, which both contain numerous subcategories.

The first category, machine flexibility, covers the system's ability to be changed to produce new product types, and ability to change the order of operations executed on a part. The second category is called routing flexibility, which consists of the ability to use multiple machines to perform the same operation on a part, as well as the system's ability to absorb large-scale changes, such as in volume, capacity, or capability.

A method for producing goods that is readily adaptable to changes in the product being manufactured, in which machines are able to manufacture parts and in the ability to handle varying levels of production. A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) gives manufacturing firms an advantage in a quickly changing manufacturing environment.

3) Under what circumstances can the use of a group technology cell be expected to be economically justified over traditional batch manufacturing? 4) Take supply chain view of operation and discuss the impart of e-Business on the relationship among supplier, companies and their customer.