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Name: _______________________________________Period: ___

Date: ____________

Biology Chapter 2 Test Chemistry of Life

Multiple Choice (2 points each) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____1. The three particles that make up atoms are a. protons, neutrons, and isotopes. b neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. . c. d . positives, negatives, and electrons. protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains a. protons. c. b electrons. d . .

neutrons. ions.

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If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number would be a. 3. c. 7. b 4. d 11. . . Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a. a different number of electrons. c. a different number of neutrons. b a different number of molecules. d the same number of neutrons. . . Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes? a. can determine the ages of rocks and fossils b can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil . c. can be used as tracers to follow the movements of substances within organisms d all of the above . If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is a. 1. c. 12. b 11. d 23. . . Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions? a. compound c. nucleus b isotope d enzyme . . Which of the following makes up a molecule of water? a. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen Page 1

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Name: _______________________________________Period: ___ b . c. d . one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

Date: ____________

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Which of the following statements about a compound is true? a. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. b Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the . elements from which it is formed. c. Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed. d The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of . the elements from which it is formed. A covalent bond is formed as the result of a. transferring electrons. b sharing an electron pair. . c. d . transferring protons. sharing a proton pair.

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What type of electron is available to form bonds? a. valence c. b nucleus d . . What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons? a. neutral c. b positive d . . Ice floats on water because a. of cohesion. b ice has a higher density than water. . c. d .

ionic covalent

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negative possibly positive or negative

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water shrinks when it freezes. water expands when it freezes.

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The most abundant compound in most living things is a. carbon dioxide. c. b water. d . .

sodium chloride. sugar.

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Water molecules are polar, with the a. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative. b oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive. . c. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative. d oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive. . Page 2

Name: _______________________________________Period: ___

Date: ____________

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A solution is a(an) a. combination of isotopes. b chemical reaction. . c. evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances. d combination of two or more liquids. . If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a a. mixture called a suspension. b mixture called a solution. . When salt is dissolved in water, water is the a. reactant. b solution. . c. d . c. d . solution and suspension. mixture only.

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solute. solvent.

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A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of a. 4.22. c. 4.35. b 4.30. d 4.40. . . Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions lower than pure water a. have pH values below 7. c. are bases. b are acids. d are enzymes. . . A monosaccharide is a a. carbohydrate. b lipid. . Which statement is true? a. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. b Glycerol is made of fatty acids. . c. DNA molecules are made of nucleotides. d Amino acids are made of proteins. . When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is a. a product. c. both a product and a reactant. b a reactant. d neither a product nor a reactant. . . Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO 2 + H2O H2CO3. Page 3 c. d . nucleic acid. protein.

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Name: _______________________________________Period: ___ a. b . ____25. CO2, H2O, and H2CO3 CO2 and H2O c. d . H2CO3 CO2

Date: ____________

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals? a. cohesion c. chemical reaction b adhesion d dissolving . . What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started? a. adhesion energy c. cohesion energy b activation energy d chemical energy . . Chemical reactions that release energy a. will not occur. b will never explode. . c. d . will always explode. often occur spontaneously.

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A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an) a. catalyst. c. molecule. b lipid. d element. . . Suspensions are mixtures a. of water and nondissolved material. b in which the components are evenly distributed throughout the solution. . c. both a and b d neither a nor b . Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things? a. carbohydrates c. nucleic acids b lipids d proteins . .

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Modified True/False (3 points each) Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____31. ____32. ____33. ____34. The basic unit of matter is the molecule. _________________________ Water is the greatest solute in the world. _________________________ Lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. ______________________ Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the cell are antibodies. _________________________ Page 4

Name: _______________________________________Period: ___

Date: ____________

Completion (2 points each) Complete each statement. 35. The elements sodium and __________ combine to form the compound commonly called table salt. 36. A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is a(an) ____________________ bond. 37. The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of ____________________ in solution.

Short Answer (4 points each) 38. What are the four groups of organic compounds found in living things? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: _______________________________________Period: ___ Science Skills: Science Skills (5 points each) pH Values of Some Common Substances Substance Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Tomatoes Rainwater Pure water Sea water Ammonium chloride Sodium hydroxide Table 1 39. What is the strongest acid listed in Table 1? 40. What is the pH of the weakest acid listed in Table 1? 41. What is the pH of the strongest base listed in Table 1? pH 1.0 1.2 4.2 6.2 7.0 8.5 11.1 13.0

Date: ____________

42. Using your knowledge of the pH scale, which of the chemicals in Table 1 has the lowest concentration of H+ ions? 43. A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions. According to the pH values listed in Table 1, how much greater is the H + ion concentration in tomatoes than in rainwater?

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Name: _______________________________________Period: ___ Essay (8 points each)

Date: ____________

44. Compare protons, electrons, and neutrons with respect to location within atoms and electric charge. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Extra Credit (up to 5 points) 45. Compare enzyme activity to a lock and key. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

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