Generator Operation Manual QN1 SEC G 04 TP 004

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW
SEC
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL
QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2 300 MW Anthracite Coal Fired Power Station
Generator & Auxiliaries
Operation Manual
Date: 2008-09-16
No.:QN1-SEC-G-04-TP-004
Rev. : A
SEC

INDEX
1 2 3
SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... - 1 NORMATIVE REFERENCE.................................................................................................................. - 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF GENERATOR-TRANSFORMER UNIT
AND AUXILIARIES .............................................................................................................................. - 1 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 GENERATOR ........................................................................................................................................ - 1 TRANSFORMERS .................................................................................................................................. - 9 AUXILIARIES ..................................................................................................................................... - 13 -
PROTECTION OF GENERATOR-TRANSFORMER UNIT ........................................................... - 22 4.1 4.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATIONS .................................................................................. - 22 PROTECTION CONFIGURATION OF GENERATOR-TRANSFORMER UNIT ............................................... - 24 -
OPERATION OF GENERATOR.......................................................................................................... - 28 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 INSPECTION AND PREPARATION BEFORE THE STARTUP ...................................................................... - 28 STARTUP AND SYNCHRONIZATION ..................................................................................................... - 29 OPERATION MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT OF GENERATOR AND AUXILIARIES ........................... - 35 GENERATOR DISCONNECTION ........................................................................................................... - 41 DISPOSAL OF GENERATOR FAULT AND ABNORMAL CONDITION......................................................... - 42 -
EXCITATION SYSTEM OF GENERATOR ....................................................................................... - 52 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM .............................................................................. - 52 OPERATION OF UNITROL 5000 EXCITATION REGULATOR ................................................................ - 53 OPERATION INSTRUCTION OF EXCITATION REGULATOR CONTROL PANEL ......................................... - 55 EXCITATION SYSTEM FAULT AND ALARM INFORMATION ................................................................... - 57 -
TRANSFORMER OPERATION (220 KV 500 KV 400V) .................................................................. - 58 7.1 7.2 7.3 OPERATION MODE ............................................................................................................................. - 58 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................... - 63 ABNORMAL OPERATION AND TROUBLE DISPOSAL OF TRANSFORMER............................................... - 68 -
AUXILIARIES ELECTRICITY SYSTEM.......................................................................................... - 72 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 OPERATION MODE OF 6KV SYSTEM .................................................................................................. - 72 OPERATION MODE OF 400V SYSTEM................................................................................................. - 72 ELECTRIC SWITCHING OPERATION .................................................................................................... - 75 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS AND DISPOSAL .......................................................................................... - 81 -
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9
DC SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................................... - 85 9.1 9.2 9.3 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... - 85 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................... - 86 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS AND DISPOSAL .......................................................................................... - 88 -
10
UPS POWER SUPPLY .......................................................................................................................... - 90 10.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... - 90 -
11
STATION MOTORS .............................................................................................................................. - 95 11.1 11.2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................... - 95 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS AND DISPOSAL ........................................................................................ - 100 -
12
POWER DISTRIBUTION DEVICE .................................................................................................. - 103 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 CIRCUIT BREAKER .......................................................................................................................... - 103 DISCONNECT SWITCH .......................................................................................................................- 111 BUSBAR AND CABLES ..................................................................................................................... - 114 CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT) AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT) ............................................ - 117 LIGHTNING ARRESTER .................................................................................................................... - 120 SPECIAL INSPECTION ....................................................................................................................... - 120 -
13
DIESEL GENERATOR AND EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY ................................................... - 121 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION ............................................................................................................. - 121 INTERLOCKING LOGIC DESCRIPTION OF D/G AND EMERGENCY POWER.......................................... - 122 NORMAL OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND NOTICE ........................................................................ - 123 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS AND DISPOSAL ........................................................................................ - 124 -
14
110 KV SYSTEM OPERATION ......................................................................................................... - 128 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 110 KV SYSTEM OPERATION MODE .................................................................................................. - 128 110 KV SYSTEM OPERATION ............................................................................................................ - 131 ABNORMAL OPERATION AND TROUBLE DISPOSAL OF TRANSFORMER............................................. - 134 110 KV SYSTEM SWITCHING OPERATION PROCEDURES .................................................................... - 139 -
15
RELAY PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC DEVICE.................................................................... - 155 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS ON OPERATION OF RELAY PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC DEVICE ... - 155 INSPECTION OF RELAY PROTECTION DEVICE................................................................................... - 158 ACTION OF RELAY PROTECTION AND AUTOMATIC DEVICE ............................................................. - 159 PRINCIPLE SUMMARY AND OPERATION SPECIFICATION ................................................................... - 159 -
16
APPENDIX............................................................................................................................................ - 176 -
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16.1 16.2
CHARACTERISTICS CURVE OF GENERATOR ..................................................................................... - 176 LAYOUT OF GENERATOR TEMPERATURE ELEMENTS ........................................................................ - 181 -
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1 Scope
This manual specifies the principles, methods and procedures for starting, stop, operating maintenance, control and regulation, downtime maintenance and accident treatment of Quang Ning Thermal Power Joint Stock Company 2300MW generating unit. All levels of personnel of Quang Ning Thermal Power Joint Stock Company, engaged in generating operation, equipment repair and productive technology management must know very well all or relevant parts of this manual and strictly comply with this manual.
Normative Reference
The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this manual. At the time of publicationthe standard indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this manual are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below and the latest edition of the standard referred to applies. No. 01 02 03 04 Standard Code DL408-91 DL558-94 Guo Dian Fa2000 No. 589 Standard Name Working Regulation of Power safety (Electrical Part of Power Plant and Substation) Code of Investigation for the Electric Power Production Accidents Twenty-five Key Requirements to Prevent Serious Accident and Failure in Electric Power Operation Manufacturers Equipment Data and Design Data
Technical Specification and Performance of Generator-Transformer Unit and Auxiliaries

Generator Specification of Generator Proper Items Model Rated capacity Rated active power Rated reactive power Parameters QFSN3002 353MVA 300 MW 186MVar No-load current No-load voltage Full-load current Full-load Items excitation excitation excitation 987A 113V 2510A 302V Parameters
3.1 3.1.1
excitation
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GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL voltage
Power factor Frequency Number of poles Efficiency Mode of connection Short circuit ratio Insulation class Total loss Short circuit ratio Rotor winding copper loss75 Mechanical loss Total loss
0.85(lag) 50Hz 2 98.8 Y--Y 0.6 B 3400kW 0.6 721kW 707kW 3400kW
Stator coil resistance Stator coil capacitance Rotor coil resistance Rotor self-inductance First-order speed Second-order speed Excitation mode Manufacturer Stator iron loss
DC ground DC coil critical critical
0.00212/phase 0.209F/ phase 0.0923 0.857H 870rpm 2380rpm Self shunt excitation Shanghai Electrical Machinery Plant 435kW 816kW 538kW
Stator winding copper loss 75 Stray loss Direct synchronous reactance axis
186
Note: cooling mode is water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooling, i.e. stator coil and connecting line and outgoing line bushing adopts inner water cooling; rotor winding and stator core and end all adopt hydrogen cooling. 3.1.2 Technical Specification of Generator Cooling System Items Cooling mode Parameters Water-hydrogen-hydrogen Items Cold hydrogen maximum temperature Cold hydrogen minimum temperature Cold hydrogen 48 Parameters
Inner cooling water flow Inner cooling water
55m3/h
40
0.150.20MPa
4050
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pressure Inner cooling water inlet temperature
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL temperature value 4550 alarm 440m3/h
Hydrogen cooler cooling water flow
Inner cooling water 85 outlet maximum temperature Inner cooling water 31 outlet temperature rise Rated pressure hydrogen 0.31MPa Above 96 46
Hydrogen cooler 35 water inlet maximum temperature Stator winding temperature Stator core temperature rise Average temperature rise of rotor 90
74 64
Hydrogen purity Expected temperature of cold hydrogen
Note: two groups of coolers are available respectively at both ends of generator base and each group of cooler is divided into independent two subgroups on waterway. 3.1.3 Specification of Excitation System Equipment
3.1.3.1 System Introduction 300MW turbo-generator excitation system adopts A5S-O/U231-A3200 static excitation system produced by Switzerland Badun ABB industrial AG. The system mainly adopts excitation transformer connected in parallel to generator terminal, for excitation power source, after silicon controlled rectifying, supplies generator with magnetic field current. Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) changes the angle of flow of silicon controlled rectifying device to control magnetic field current of generator and make generator operation condition operate according to AVR control mode. The system mainly consists of generator-terminal excitation transformer, silicon controlled rectifying device, automatic voltage regulator, field suppression and overvoltage protection device, excitation starting device and auxiliaries (necessary monitoring, protection and alarm devices), etc. For excitation transformer and current transformer used for measurement and protection, there are two groups including six ones at primary side and there is one group including three ones at secondary side. Excitation starting device makes them form a complete self shunt excitation system. 3.1.3.2 Specification of Excitation Equipment
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Items Model Rated voltage Ceiling voltage Silicon reverse voltage controlled withstand
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Parameters A5S-O/U231-D3200 350V DC 755V DC Items Cabinet II maximum output Cabinet III maximum output Mode of rectification Quantity of rectifying cabinet Cooling mode Forced excitation ceiling current Parameters 5100A DC/20sec 6800A DC/20sec Three-phase full-controlled bridge 3
2900V
Rated value of cabinet II output Rated value of cabinet III output Current factor equalization
2800A DC 3800A DC 0.85
Forced air cooling 2 times of rated rotor current
3.1.3.3 Parameters of Field Suppression Switch Items Switch model Rated current Non-linear resistance material Manufacturer Parameters SACE Emax E3 3200A ZnO ABB Items Breaking current Control voltage (DC) Number contact of main Parameters 40k A 220VDC 3 0.06 S
Break time of field suppression switch
3.1.3.4 Main System Performance of Self Shunt Static Excitation System Forced excitation ceiling value of excitation voltage and current: when generator-terminal voltage is rated in the case of rated operation condition, voltage: 2.5 times, current: 2 times; Allowable duration of forced excitation: 20s; Reaction speed: high starting response (<0.1s); Excitation system meet long-time operation requirement of 1.1 times of generator rated excitation current. The time of excitation system reaching forced excitation ceiling voltage is not more than 500ms. The gain margin of open loop frequency characteristic of excitation control system is Gm6dB and phase angle margin is m40.
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In the case of no-load 5 step, generator voltage overshoot is not more than 30 of step; regulating time is not greater than 5s; number of voltage swing is not more than 3 times. When the automatic excitation regulator is used to raise generator voltage from zero automatically, the overshoot of generator stator voltage is not more than 10 of rated voltage; oscillation number is not more than 3 times; regulating time should not be greater than 10s. When the generator reject rated reactive power, generator stator voltage should not exceed 115 of rated value. In the case of generator no-load operation, when the frequency varies by 1 each, the change of generator voltage should not be greater than 0.25 of rated voltage value. When the excitation current is not more than 1.1 times of rated value, maximum instantaneous value of rectifying voltage applied to both ends of generator rotor winding should not be greater than 30 of predelivery power frequency test voltage amplitude peak of rotor winding. 3.1.3.5 Parameters of Excitation Transformer Items Model Capacity Primary rated voltage Secondary current Secondary voltage rated rated Parameters ZLSC9-3150/20 3150kVA 20kV 2756 660V Items Manufacturer Type Insulation class Connecting mode Cooling mode Parameters Hainan Jinpan Dry type F class YD 11 AN/AF cooling natural air
3.1.3.6 Excitation System Signal and Protection Setup a) b) c) Coil overtemperature alarm Overcurrent inverse time protection, acting on field suppression switch to stop Overcurrent quick-break protection, acting on field suppression switch to stop
3.1.3.7 Silicon Controlled Rectifying Device a) b) c) Rectifying structure is three-phase full-controlled bridge, with inversion capacity. Rated output voltage and current values and short-time overcurrent value all should meet the requirements of 1.1-times rated capacity and forced excitation operation. There are three rectifying cabinets. If one cabinet breaks down and exits alarm, the other two cabinets can meet the requirements of various operation conditions including 1.1-times rated excitation capacity and forced excitation.
d) During operation, when any in-phase rectifying component is damaged, silicon controlled rectifying cabinet should meet generator operation under various operation
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conditions including forced excitation and it has no need of withdrawing fault component. e) Silicon controlled component is not designed by means of connection in series to eliminate the problem of voltage equalization between components. Current equalization factor should not be less than 0.85. f) Surge absorption measure is taken at AC-DC side to suppress peak overvoltage and favorable measure for restraining reversing overvoltage should be taken.
g) Each silicon controlled component is provided with quick-break fuse protection to be convenient to eliminate short-circuit fault current. The fusing can be detected and an alarm signal is given. h) The forced opening air cooling mode is adopted. Standby cooling fan must be equipped, when operating fan breaks down, standby fan can be put into operation automatically. i) Alarm signal of excitation system: Any one or two rectifying cabinets exit operating alarm; silicon controlled fuse is blown Radiator or air is overheated; cooling fan fails; Air flow is over-low. Automaitc voltage regulator (AVR) of generator Main Parameters of AVR Items Regulating precision Regulating error ratio Time constant Parameters 0.5 15 30ms Items Automatic range Manual range regulating regulating Parameters (70110)UGN0 20IfO110IfN
UGNO is no-load rated voltage of generator; If0 is no-load excitation current of generator and IfN is full-load rated excitation current of generator. 3.1.3.8 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) of Generator The double-channel digital system is adopted; regulating mode is PID for terminal voltage; magnetic field current is by means of PI. a) Functions: 1) 2) Realize automatic monitoring of generator terminal voltage and have relevant protection system. Automatic tracking between both channels is by means of bumpless transfer. Each channel has complete function and has independent operating capacity.
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3)
Each channel is equipped with AVR constant voltage automatic regulating and constant current manual regulating unit, with manual tracking automatic and bumpless transfer each other. AVR can conveniently modify parameters and realize online display and fault self-check.
4)
5) AVR auxiliary functions: Rotor instantaneous overcurrent protection Rotor overcurrent limitation Rotor inverse time overcurrent limitation and protection Generator voltage/frequency limitation and protection (V/Hz) Low excitation limitation Power system stabilizer (PSS) PT disconnection protection 6) AVR signal: AVR1 # channel fault AVR2 # channel fault Over magnetic flux alarm Low excitation limitation operation Rotor inverse time limitation operation Overcurrent inverse time limitation alarm PT disconnection Automatic operation Manual operation AVR normal Excitation starting failure Upper set point limit arrival Lower set point limit arrival Constant reactive regulation put-in PSS put-in PSS exit AVR operating power source vanishing
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7) AVR operating logic: In normal state, double channels operate automatically; one channel is in service and the other channel is standby; standby channel tracks the operation of operating channel automatically. When an automatic channel fails, fault channel exits in an undisturbed way and a signal is made. When operating channel fails, constant excitation current of the channel operates manually and a signal is made. 8) AVR should be provided with serial communication port to be convenient for communication with upper computer. Communication protocol is MODBUS. 9) Main performance of AVR: Regulating precision: 0.5 Regulating error ratio: 15 Time constant: 30ms Voltage regulating range: automatic regulation: (70 110 )UGNO; manual regulation: 20Ifo110IfN Note: UGNO is no-load rated voltage of generator; If0 is no-load excitation current of generator and IfN is full-load rated excitation current of generator. 10) Two circuits of AVR operating power sources are all DC 110V; one circuit is used for AVR control and the other circuit is used for tripping 2. 11) Technical requirements of field suppression device: z Field suppression device should suppress the field reliably in the case of normal operation or internal fault of generator. z Field suppression logic: properly delay tripping field suppression switch by inversion. z Adopt field suppression switch + silicon carbide non-linear resistance field suppression and overvoltage protection mode. z Main loop insulation level of field suppression should not be lower than insulation level of generator rotor winding. z Field suppression overvoltage peak under rated and forced excitation current should not exceed 40 of effective value of predelivery insulation withstand voltage. z Parameters of field suppression switch: Switch model: SACE Emax E3 Rated current: 3200A
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GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Rated voltage: 1000V Maximum overcurrent capacity: 6kA (continuous 20s), 50kA (3s) Maximum breaking capacity: 50kA Maximum field suppression voltage: 2000V Number of main contact: 3 Break time of field suppression switch: 0.06 s Silicon carbide non-linear resistance parameters: Protection voltage value in the case of two-times forced excitation current field suppression: 1900V10 (peak value) Capacity: 1MJ Field suppression time: about 4.4s (no load)
12) Technical requirements of excitation starting loop z The capacity of excitation starting transformer is about 12 kVA. z Excitation starting mode: take a circuit of AC 380V power source from I and II-phase auxiliary power MCC section, after rectifying, provide excitation starting power source; excitation starting loop is type of short-time operating system and it is allowed to power on to start excitation once at an internal of 5min. When the generator voltage rises to specified value, excitation starting loop will be disconnected automatically. On the graphic display of unit DCS, the position signal of excitation starting loop switch is available. 13) In case symmetrical or asymmetrical short circuit occurs at high voltage side of generator, excitation system should guarantee normal operation. 3.2 3.2.1 Transformers Main Transformer NO. 1 Main Transformer Shenyang Transformer Co., Ltd. SFPZ-360000/220 of Three-phase 50Hz 360000kVA 242101.0/20kV 860/9623A NO. 2 Main Transformer Shenyang Transformer Co., Ltd. DFPZ-120000/500 Single-phase 50Hz 3120000kVA (550/1.732101.0/20kV 396/6000A
Name of Equipment Manufacturer Model Number phases Rated capacity Rated voltage Rated current
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Cooling mode Wiring category No-load loss Load loss Impedance voltage Voltage regulating mode 3.2.2 ODAF YNd11 80kW 240kW 14.0 On load
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL ODAF YNd11
14.5 On load
Auxiliary Transformer Name of Equipment 1# and 2# High-voltage House Service Transformers Shenyang Transformer Co., Ltd. SFZ-CY-50000/20 Three-phase 50Hz 50000/31500-31500kVA 20101.0/6.8-6.8kV 1443.38/2674.5-2674.5A ONAN Dyn1yn1 27.15kW 160kW 4.8A 19% On load
Manufacturer Model Number of phases Rated capacity Rated voltage Rated current Cooling mode Wiring category No-load loss Load loss No-load current Impedance voltage Voltage regulating mode 3.2.3 Standby Transformer Name of Equipment Manufacturer Model Number of phases
standby transformer Shenyang Transformer Co., Ltd. SFZ-CY-50000/115TH Three-phase 50Hz
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Rated capacity Rated voltage Rated current Cooling mode Wiring category No-load loss Load loss No-load current Impedance voltage Voltage regulating mode 3.2.4
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 50000/31500-25000-31500kVA 115101.0/6.86.8kV 251.02/2674.49A ONAN YNyn0yn0d11 33.6kW 160kW 4.8A 19 On load
Technical Specification of 400V Station Transformer Boiler Transformer Electric Dust collecting Transformer Lighting Transformer Common Transformer SCB9-2000/ 6 2500 Ash handling Transform er SCB9-100 0/6 1000
Steam Name of turbine Equipmen Transforme r Model Capacity kVA Voltage SCB9-1000 /6 1000
SCB9-1250/ SCBZ9-1600/ 6 6 1250 1600
SCB9-500/6 500
6.622.5/0.42kV 109 140 43.7 175 87.5
High-volt age side 87.5 current A Low-volta ge side 1375 current A Wiring category Dyn11
1718
2199
687
2749
1375
Impedanc e voltage 6 Insulation H class
4.5
10
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Maximum temperat 125K ure rise Number Three phases of phases Frequenc 50Hz y Cooling mode 125K
125K
125K
125K
125K
Self cooling/air cooling
Manufact Shanghai ABB Transformer Co., Ltd. urer
Name of Ash Yard Equipme Transformer nt Model SCB9-200/6
Chemical Water Transformer SCB9-1250/ 6 1250
Coal Handling Transformer
Water Supply Transformer
Circulating Water Transforme r SCB9-500/ 6 500
Administrati ve Zone Transformer SCB9-800/6 1250
SCB9-2000/ SCBZ9-1000/ 6 6 2500 1000
Capacity 315 kVA Voltage
6.622.5/0.42kV 109 175 87.5 43.7 70
High-volt age side 17.5 current A Low-volt age side 275 current A Wiring category Dyn11
1718
2749
1375
687
1100
Impedan ce 4 voltage Insulatio n class H
10
4.5
Maximu 125K m temperat
125K
125K
125K
125K
125K
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ure rise Number of phases Three phases
Frequenc 50Hz y Cooling mode Self cooling/air cooling
Manufact Shanghai ABB Transformer Co., Ltd. urer 3.3 3.3.1 Auxiliaries Technical Parameter of 1# Main Transformer on-load Tap Switch Item Name Unit Technical Data Remark
Technical parameter of on-load tap switch Equipment manufacturer model and kVA kV series MR350Y123C10193W 10.193 220 10 Y Three phases Germany
Rated level capacity Rated voltage Voltage regulating series Connection mode Number of phases
Technical parameter of electric motor Rated power Rated voltage Rated current Frequency Gear kW V A Hz number 0.75 380 3.4/2.0 50 1-10, 11A, 11B, 11C, 12-21 33
Number of revolutions of revoluti tapping conversion drive shaft ons of each phase
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Number of revolutions of revoluti tapping conversion manual ons operation of each phase 3.3.2
33
Technical Parameter of 2# Main Transformer on-load Tap Switch Item Name Unit Technical Data Remark
Number of revolutions of revoluti tapping conversion drive shaft ons of each phase Number of revolutions of revoluti tapping conversion manual ons operation of each phase 3.3.3
33
Technical Parameter of on-load Tap Switch of 1# and 2# High-voltage House Service Transformers Item Name Unit Technical Data Remark
Technical parameter of on-load tap switch Equipment manufacturer model and MR350Y123C10193W Germany
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GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL kVA kV series 10.193 20 10 Y Three phases
33
Technical Parameter of on-load Tap Switch of station transformer Item Name Unit Technical Data Remark
Technical parameter of electric motor Rated power Rated voltage Rated current kW V A 0.75 380 3.4/2.0
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Frequency Gear
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Hz number 50 1-10, 11A, 11B, 11C, 12-21 33
33
Transformer Tap and Wiring Diagram
1# main transformer tap High-voltage Side Tapping Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11a 11b 11c 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 239580 237160 234740 232320 229900 227480 225060 222640 220220 217800 867.5 876.4 885.4 894.7 904.1 913.7 923.5 933.6 943.8 954.3 242000 858.9 20000 10392.3 VoltageV 266200 263780 261360 258940 256520 254100 251680 249260 246840 244420 CurrentA 780.8 788 795.2 802.7 810.3 818 825.8 833.9 842 850.4 VoltageV Low-voltage Side CurrentA
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2# main transformer tap
High-voltage Side Tapping Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11a 11b 11c 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 544500/ 539000/ 533500/ 528000/ 522500/ 517000/ 511500/ 506000/ 500500/ 495000/ 381.72 385.61 389.59 393.65 397.79 402.02 406.35 410.76 415.28 419.89 550000/ 377.9 20000 VoltageV 605000/ 599500/ 594000/ 588500/ 583000/ 577500/ 572000/ 566500/ 561000/ 555500/ CurrentA 343.55 346.70 349.91 353.18 356.51 359.91 363.37 366.90 370.49 374.16 VoltageV
Low-voltage Side CurrentA
6000
1# and 2# high-voltage transformer tap High-voltage Side Tapping Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 VoltageV 22000 21800 21600 21400 21200 21000 20800 CurrentA 131216 13242 133646 134895 136168 137464 138786 VoltageV 6800 Low-voltage Side CurrentA 2674.5
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8 9 10 11a 11b 11c 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 19800 19600 19400 19200 19000 18800 18600 18400 18200 18000 20000 20600 20400 20200
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 140134 141507 142908 144338 145796 147283 148802 150352 151934 153551 155202 156889 158613 160375 Low-voltage Side CurrentA 2282 2303 23243 2346 23681 23907 24137 24371 2461 24854 25102 25356 25614 25879 26148 26423 VoltageV 6800 CurrentA 267449
01# starting-standby transformer tap High-voltage Side Tapping Position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11a 11b 11c 12 13 14 15 16 113850 112700 111550 110400 109250 115000 VoltageV 126500 125350 124200 123050 121900 120750 119600 118450 117300 116150
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17 18 19 20 21 3.3.6 108100 106950 105800 104650 103500
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 26704 26992 27285 27585 27891
Technical Specification of Generator Outlet Switch Specification and Model Items
No.
HECS-100L
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3.3.7 Model
Rated voltagekV Rated currentA
20 13000
Thermal steady current kA 100 Dynamic steady curren t kA 280 Mechanical lifenumber of times SF6 rated air pressure Mpa SF6 alarm air pressure Mpa SF6 block air pressure Mpa Manufacturer 20000 0.62 0.56 0.54 ABB High Voltage Technique Co., Ltd.
Technical Parameter of 6kV Switch: ZSG 7.2kV 30000 times Rated current Times of full-capacity short circuit current break 6303150A 50 times (50kA, 20 times)
Rated voltage Mechanical life
Rated frequency Rated steady (peak) Rated frequency dynamic current power
50Hz
Rated short-circuit break current (effective 2550kA value) 4s thermal steady current (effective value) Operating mode 2550kA
63125kA
42kV
Manual and electric
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withstand voltage Mechanism type
Spring energy storage type
Manufacturer
Shanghai General Guangdian Engineering Co., Ltd.
3.3.8 Model
Technical Parameter of 400Switch:: ME-630~2505 6302900A 5080kA 400V 660V About 30ms DWX-15C200~630 200630 50kA 400V 660V
Rated current Rated breaking current Rated voltage Rated insulation voltage Full-break time 3.3.9
Technical Specification of Enclosed Busbar: Name Main Busbar QLFM-20/12500 20 24 12500 68 40 90 70 1400 Auxiliary Branch QLFM-20/12500 20 24 1600 68 40 90 70 1050
Model Rated voltagekV Maximum voltagekV Rated current Insulation levelkV Ambient temperature Busbar operating temperature maximum temperature Casing operating temperature maximum temperature Spacingmm Manufacturer
Zhenjiang East China Electric Power Equipment Factory
3.3.10 Specification of DC System Equipment: 1# and 2# units: valve-controlled storage battery parameter Name Main Machine Hall 220V Storage Battery Common 220V Storage Battery
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Model Capacity Number of battery Manufacturer 1500Ah 104 pcs
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 1BTB01GR001 9BTB01GR001 400Ah 104 pcs
Yuasa Battery (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.
3.3.11 UPS Technical Parameter: Item Name Model Capacity Power factor UPS AC input 1. Voltage 2. Frequency 3. Wiring system 4. Short current Bypass input circuit 380/220V AC15 50Hz6 Three-phase and three-wire system 40kA Effective value of three-phase symmetrical short circuit current under rated voltage Design Data BORRI E2001 80kVA 0.8 Remark
system 400V AC15 50Hz6 31.5kA Effective value of single-phase short circuit current under rated voltage The same as output value
1.Input voltage 2. Frequency 3. Current UPS DC input 1. Voltage 2. Normal input voltage range 3. Maximum input voltage range UPS output 1. Gross efficiency
220V 50Hz 220V DC -20+47 220V DC-25+47 Voltage range stabilization operating
Limit operating range
94
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2. Voltage AC 220V
a) Static voltage stabilization precision: 0 100 , load sudden 3. Voltage stabilization range load change: 1; b) Dynamic voltage stabilization precision: 100, load sudden load change: 4; 4. Time 25ms a) Output capacity: 80kVA 5. Inverter b) Overload capacity is not less than: 125 rated load, 10min 150 rated load, 1min 6. Static switch change-over time 3ms
7. Static switch and 125 rated load, 60min bypass system overload capacity is 150 rated load, 30min not less than 1000 rated load, 1min Short circuit characteristic Operating environment 100ms inverter: 200 rated load Temperature: 0 40 (recommended value: 25) Humidity: 95 (25)
4
4.1
Protection of Generator-Transformer Unit

General Requirements and Regulations
4.1.1 Any voltage-borne electric equipment or operating line must be in protected operating state. In special case, if protection device must be stopped, a prior permission must be granted according to the following principles. 4.1.1.1 In any case as follows, it must be submitted to dispatching department for approval. Main transformer and starting-standby transformer zero-sequence protection Protection device of equipment and line operated directly under command of dispatcher is unsound. 4.1.1.2 In any case as follows, it must be submitted to companys chief engineer for approval. a) Main transformer differential or gas protection is stopped;
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b) 4.1.2
Protection of other 6kV and above systems in the factory. For other protection and automatic devices within companys jurisdiction, with permission of shift chief-operator, relaying protection and automatic device of uninterrupted power equipment can be inspected, tested and adjusted. It is not allowed to stop the protection and automatic device of standby equipment without permission, if necessary, the regulations stated in item 4.1.1 should be complied with. In normal condition, the put-in and exit of relaying protection and automatic device and switching of protection mode should be made by special strap and switch and are not allowed to make at will by method of disconnecting secondary joint to add temporary line. After relaying protection and automatic device are inspected and repaired, explicit written explanation and conclusion must be made (when necessary, attach drawing for explanation), if the settings are changed, the changer should make a written explanation and it can not be put into operation without conclusion. Before operating by special operating mode, relaying protection setting personnel should be notified in advance to check whether existing protection settings meet the requirement of special operating mode, and after check, a clear explanation should be given to operator in time. After the setting is modified and new protection is put into operation, the operator must check it according to protection scheme or temporary setting notification and setting printed out or explanation given by relaying protection personnel, after check, the protection disclosure sheet should be signed jointly. The dispatcher should check the settings according to printed settings and relaying protection explanation. Normal operation of relaying protection is subject to the specified mode corresponding to primary mode in setting list and the dispatchers temporary notice. Sequence of putting in protection device: put in DC power source first and then put in outlet strap. Before putting in hard strap, measure with high internal resistance multimeter and both lower and upper terminals of strap have no DC voltage; before putting in functional soft strap, inspect that relevant protection outlet signal indicator light is off.
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.1.8 4.1.9
4.1.10 During equipment repair by service interruption, the protection that has an impact on operating equipment should be stopped in advance; before equipment put into operation and standby use, the protection should be put into operation. 4.1.11 The generator longitudinal differential, transformer differential, busbar differential, distance, zero sequence, negative sequence and power directional protections in the case of new installation, overhaul or secondary loop changing should not be put into operation until the accuracy of measurement of secondary device is correct by means of primary current and voltage detection. In the case of generator starting, synchronizing and transformer charging, differential protection should be put in trip; after the equipment is on-load, relevant protection strap should be stopped according to the requirement of
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relaying protection personnel, so as to measure current and voltage phase and difference current. 4.1.12 The starting and stop of protection of hot operating starting relaying protection outlet should be implemented according to the shift chief-operators order and in accordance with hot operating personnel and relaying protection personnels explanation. 4.1.13 Both put-in and stop of normal operation of relaying protection and automatic device are operated by operators. When protection put-in and stop need changing secondary line or changing the settings in microcomputer protection, it should be operated by protector. Any vibrating operation is prohibited on in-service protection panel and automatic device. In special case, safety measures or relevant stop protection must be available. Any radio communication equipment is strictly prohibited to be used in central control room and relaying protection room. 4.1.14 Each shift should inspect relaying protection and automatic device according to the following items during shift take-over and intermediate inspection. 4.1.14.1 Relaying protection and automatic device should be free of peculiar smell, overheating, abnormal noise, vibration and abnormal signal. 4.1.14.2 Inspect that all outdoor terminal boxes are well-sealed; PT secondary switch is in put-in position; CT is free of open circuit. 4.1.14.3 The switch and strap test component subordinated to device should be in correct position. 4.1.14.4 Relay contact is free of shaking and heating. 4.1.14.5 On state of indicator light subordinated to device and put-in and stop of protection comply with current operating mode. 4.1.14.6 Relay is free of actuating signal, plate falling and other abnormal phenomenon. 4.2 Protection Configuration of Generator-Transformer Unit
Generator-transformer protection is by GE type (imported from USA) generator-transformer protection device produced and provided by Shanghai Relay Co., Ltd. Protection cabinet includes A, B, C and D cabinets. No. Cabinet A 1 Equipment Name Generator-transformer protection cabinet, each cabinet includes: Quantity 2
G60 E00 HCH F8L H6T M8L P6C U6C W6C digital generator 1 management relay includes the following protection: (generator G60) Generator differential Generator 100% stator grounding Generator negative-sequence current (specified/ inverse)
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No.
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Equipment Name Quantity
Generator excitation loss (generator low-voltage and negative-sequence voltage block) Generator overexcitation (specified/ inverse) Generator out of synchronism Generator reverse power Sequential-trip reverse power Generator inter-turn (with negative-sequence power direction block) Generator overvoltage Impedance Generator overload Generator circuit breaker failure protection 2 PT disconnection detection and block T35 E00 HCH F8N H6U digital transformer management relay 1set includes the following protection: (excitation transformer T35)
Excitation transformer differential
3 4
Generator rotor grounding protection device Other components of protection cabinet

1set
1Casing outlet relay 1Casing signal relay (panel back) Terminal block (Phoenix) Automatic air switch (Siemens), etc. 2 1
Cabinet B 1
Generator-transformer protection cabinet, each cabinet includes:
G60 E00 HCH F8L H6T M8L P6C U6C W6C digital generator management relay includes the following protection: (generator G60)

Generator differential Generator 100% stator grounding Generator negative-sequence current (specified/ inverse) (generator low-voltage and
Generator excitation loss negative-sequence voltage block) Generator overexcitation
(specified/ inverse)
Generator out of synchronism
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No.

GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Equipment Name Generator reverse power Sequential-trip reverse power Generator inter-turn (with negative-sequence power direction block) Generator overvoltage Impedance Generator overload Generator circuit breaker failure protection PT disconnection detection and block 1 Quantity
2 3
F35-E00-HCH-F8L-H6U Excitation transformer overcurrent Other components of protection cabinet

1Casing outlet relay 1Casing signal relay (panel back) Terminal block (Phoenix)
Automatic air switch (Siemens), etc. 4 Cabinet C 1

Non-power output protection
1 2 1
Generator-transformer protection cabinet, each cabinet includes:
T60 E00 HCH F8N H6U M8L P6C digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (main transformer G60)

Generator-transformer three-phase differential (three sides) Main transformer overexcitation Main transformer high-voltage side zero sequence differential Main transformer overcurrent Circuit breaker starting failure System low voltage (block excitation loss) 20kV specified time grounding 1
T60 E00 HCH F8N H6U M8L P6C digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (high-voltage house service transformer- T60)
High-voltage house service transformer differential protection (three
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No. sides)
High-voltage house service transformer low-voltage side zero sequence differential (two) High-voltage house service transformer high-voltage side overcurrent
High-voltage house service transformer low-voltage side branch overcurrent
Other components of protection cabinet

1Casing outlet relay 1Casing signal relay (panel back) Terminal block (Phoenix) Automatic air switch (Siemens), etc.
Non-power output protection
4 Cabinet D 1
1 2 1
Generator-transformer protection cabinet, each cabinet includes: T60 E00 HCH F8N H6U M8L P6C digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (main transformer T60)

Main transformer differential Main transformer high-voltage side zero sequence overcurrent Main transformer overcurrent Main transformer overexcitation Circuit breaker starting failure System low voltage (block excitation loss) 20kV specified time grounding
T35 E00 HCH F8N H6U M8L P6C U8L W6C digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (high-voltage house service transformer T35)

High-voltage house service transformer differential High-voltage house service transformer overcurrent
High-voltage house service transformer zero sequence overcurrent (two) High-voltage overcurrent house service transformer low-voltage branch
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No. 2

1Casing outlet relay 1Casing signal relay (panel back) Terminal block (Phoenix) Automatic air switch (Siemens), etc. Protection supervisor 1set
5
5.1
Operation of Generator
Inspection and Preparation before the Startup All works of generator loop are finished and all work sheets are ended; safety measures such as ground wire, sign board and railing, installed for repair safety, are all removed; fixed barrier and permanent sign board have been restored. Inspect that static excitation device of generator is put into operation normally, without abnormal signal. Inspect that all signals of generator system should be normal. Inspect primary and secondary loop system and relevant equipment of generator; the loop should be complete and meet operating condition. Put-in and exit of generator relaying protection and automatic device have been implemented according to relevant requirements, with normal operation. Put generator sealing bus micro-supercharging device into operation and the operation is normal. Inspect that generator has been filled with hydrogen completely; pressure, purity, humidity and temperature are normal; inner cooling water is free of leakage and water quality is acceptable. Confirm the following parameters and pass the test:
5.1.1
5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7
5.1.8
5.1.8.1 For insulation resistance of generator stator coil (waterless after dried), insulation resistance to ground of approaching operating temperature: 500M (2500V megohmmeter); for the electric equipment including that is connected to generator stator loop and can not be switched off by knife-switch, insulation resistance: 20M (2500V megohmmeter), absorptance: 1.3. If the measuring result is obviously lower than the measured value in the past two times and is 1/3 1/ 5 of the last time (considering the change of temperature and humidity), the reason should be found out. 5.1.8.2 For insulation resistance of generator rotor coil, when rotor coil is in 20 cold state, insulation resistance is greater than or equal to 10M (500V megohmmeter).
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5.1.8.3 Insulation resistance of oil cover inside and outside generator excitation terminal bearing seal is greater than or equal to 1M (500V megohmmeter). 5.1.8.4 Insulation resistance of generator brush yoke conducting ring is greater than or equal to 10M (500V megohmmeter). 5.1.8.5 Insulation resistance of excitation transformer winding is greater than or equal to 6M (2500V megohmmeter) and absorptance is greater than or equal to 1.3. 5.2 5.2.1 Startup and Synchronization The startup or synchronization of generator is forbidden in any case as follows:
5.2.1.1 Main protection function of generating unit is lost or any trip protection is off normal; 5.2.1.2 DCS system is out of working order; 5.2.1.3 Generator excitation system fails to work normally; 5.2.1.4 Generator stator cooling water system is abnormal or water quality is unacceptable; 5.2.1.5 Hydrogen purity inside generator is below 90; hydrogen pressure is less than 0.14 Pa; 5.2.1.6 Synchronizing device of generator fails to work normally; 5.2.2 Auxiliary Power System Energization
5.2.2.1 6kV busbar energization by 500kV or 220kV system: make sure that all repair works of main transformer, high-voltage house service transformer and 6kV A and B-section auxiliary power system are finished and all work sheets are ended; safety measures such as ground wire, sign board and railing, installed for repair safety, are all removed; fixed barrier and permanent sign board have been restored. Main transformer, high-voltage house service transformer and relevant electric equipment loops are complete and meet operating condition; all protection devices are put into operation normally. 6kV busbar energization: a) b) c) Change 6kV A and B-section busbar and its power source incoming line loop to cold standby state from repair (measure busbar insulation that is acceptable). Charge up 1# and 2# main transformers and high-voltage house service transformer by means of line normally. Energize 6kV busbar respectively by means of 6kV A and B-section operating power source (put busbar PT into operation before energization).
5.2.2.2 6kV busbar energization by 110kV system: make sure that all repair works of starting-standby transformer and 6kV A and B-section auxiliary power system are finished and all work sheets are ended; safety measures such as ground wire, sign board and railing, installed for repair safety, are all removed; fixed barrier and permanent sign board have been restored. Starting-standby transformer and relevant electric equipment
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loops are complete and meet operating condition; all protection devices are put into operation normally. 6kV busbar energization: a) b) c) Change 6kV A and B-section busbar and its power source incoming line loop into cold standby state from repair (measure busbar insulation that is acceptable). Close #01 starting-standby transformer 110kV switch and charge up #01 starting-standby transformer normally. Energize 6kV busbar respectively by means of 6kV A and B-section standby source switch (put busbar PT into operation before energization).
5.2.2.3 380V auxiliary power system: (Make sure that all repair works in 380V auxiliary power system are finished and all work sheets are ended; safety measures such as ground wire, sign board and railing, installed for repair safety, are all removed; fixed barrier and permanent sign board have been restored. Relevant electric equipment loops are complete and meet operating condition; all protection devices are put into operation normally.) a) b) Respectively energize 380V steam turbine PC A section and boiler PC B section by means of steam turbine transformer. Respectively energize 380V boiler PC A section and boiler PC B section by means of boiler transformer; energize safety PC A section and PC B section busbar respectively by means of 380V boiler PC A section and boiler PC B section. Energize common PC section busbar by means of common transformer. Energize lighting PC section busbar by means of lighting transformer. Energize electric dust collecting PC section busbar by means of dust collecting transformer. Energize administrative zone PC section busbar by means of administrative zone transformer. Energize water supply PC section busbar by means of water supply transformer. Energize ash handling PC section busbar by means of ash handling transformer. Energize coal handling PC section busbar by means of coal handling transformer. Energize circulating water PC section busbar by means of circulating water transformer. Energize chemical water PC section busbar by means of chemical water transformer. Energize ash yard PC section busbar by means of ash yard transformer.
c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l)
5.2.2.4 Diesel-engine generator recovery hot reserve 5.2.2.5 Inspect normal condition of each MCC, power control box, distribution panel power
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source and load in panel, in main machine building and auxiliary machine building. 5.2.3 Test before Startup
5.2.3.1 Necessary tests after repair a) b) c) d) e) Tripping and closing test and relaying protection drive test of generator outlet switch, excitation switch and 6kV operating source switch Excitation system test (including excitation system rectifying cabinet operating and standby fan change-over test) Diesel-engine generator and safety section power source switching test 6kV auxiliary power quick-acting switching-off test UPS power source switching test
5.2.3.2 Selective test after repair a) b) c) d) 5.2.4 Generator pseudo-synchronization test Generator no-load test Generator short-circuit test Other test determined according to repair items
Preparation operation before parallel (before steam turbine constant-speed)
5.2.4.1 Close the operating and signal power switches (I and II) of generator outlet on-off; 5.2.4.2 Close the DC power switch of generator protection cabinet and inspect in failure-free operation; 5.2.4.3 Inspect the put-in correctness of each protection strap of generator protection cabinet A (main steam stop valve closing strap is put into operation after generating unit is in synchronization; mis-power on or suddenly applying voltage protection strap exits after generating unit is in synchronization); 5.2.4.4 Inspect the put-in correctness of each protection strap of generator protection cabinet B (main steam stop valve closing strap is put into operation after generating unit is in synchronization; mis-power on or suddenly applying voltage protection strap exits after generating unit is in synchronization); 5.2.4.5 Inspect the put-in correctness of each protection strap of generator protection cabinet B (main steam stop valve closing strap is put into operation after generating unit is in synchronization); 5.2.4.6 Inspect that AC excitation starting power switch on MCC panel has been put into operation normally; 5.2.4.7 Close the trip 2 control DC power switch inside excitation device; 5.2.4.8 Close the on-off control DC power switch inside excitation device;
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5.2.4.9 Close the 24V DC control power switch inside excitation device; 5.2.4.10 Close the power switch of silicon controlled rectifying power cabinet cooling fan and inspect in failure-free operation; 5.2.4.11 Close the power switch inside excitation device; 5.2.4.12 Close the AC power switch of rectifying DC 24V inside excitation device; 5.2.4.13 Inspect local excitation control panel and DCS graphic display are free of alarm and fault information; 5.2.4.14 Switch the local/remote control on local excitation control panel to remote control mode; 5.2.4.15 Switch the excitation channel on local excitation control panel to automatic channel operating mode; 5.2.4.16 Inspect that F1F6 power source fuses should be closed inside excitation system power cabinet, free of fusing signal; 5.2.4.17 Select the channel 1 operating mode on local excitation control panel; 5.2.4.18 Inspect that MK is in off position; 5.2.4.19 Inspect that generator outlet PT high-voltage fuse should be closed, with good contact; 5.2.4.20 Push generator outlet TV and outlet LA car to operating position; 5.2.4.21 Close the secondary air switch of generator outlet TV low voltage; 5.2.4.22 Inspect that generator outlet on-off proximity and remote control switch transfers to remote control position; 5.2.4.23 Inspect that generator outlet switch three-phase SF6 gas pressure gauge should be in good condition; 5.2.4.24 Inspect that generator outlet switch spring energy storage indication should be normal; 5.2.4.25 Inspect that generator outlet switch is in off position; 5.2.4.26 Inspect that generator outlet knife-switch is in tripping position. 5.2.5 Generator Parallel
5.2.5.1 Provisions and precautions for generator voltage-raising parallel operation: a) Before generator voltage-raising parallel operation is implemented, an order must be given by shift chief-operator, and moreover, make sure steam turbine, generator and relevant equipment meet parallel condition (without abnormal alarm signal). Fully inspect CRT graphic display of synchronous parallel operation once; relevant signal indication should be correct and operating switch, change-over switch and synchronous switch should be in correct position. Generator voltage-raising operation is implemented on DCS graphic display by
b)
c)
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d)
means of excitation voltage regulator (AVR) in normal condition. Conditions of generator parallel: 1) 2) 3) 4) e) f) Generator voltage is equal to system voltage and maximum error between them should be within 10%. Generator frequency is the same as system frequency. Generator voltage phase is the same as system voltage phase. Generator phase sequence is the same as system phase sequence.
Automatic sub-synchronous parallel method is adopted for generator. Precautions 1) Strictly prohibit closing excitation switch to excite generator in the process of raising speed; initial excitation switch should not be started until generator reaches rated speed and parallel conditions are met. Automatically raise generator voltage to excitation voltage value determined according to adjustment and test and then increase excitation slowly according to generator terminal voltage value; during voltage raising, three-phase voltage of generator stator should be balanced and three-phase current should be no-load current value of main transformer; and moreover, generator voltage and excitation current should not exceed relevant rated value under no load, otherwise reduce the voltage immediately and find out and eliminate the reason, then raise the voltage again. Before water feeding and hydrogen filling, generator excitation can not be load on in any case. No matter which mode is adopted for parallel, synchronous block loop can not be released. After synchronizing device is put into operation, when the synchronous meter of local synchronizing device rotates unevenly or stops and bounces, generator parallel is not allowed. During automatic sub-synchronous parallel, if automatic sub- synchronizing device is off normal, it must be handled and tested by electric repairer till returning to normal, and then implement generator parallel operation; prevent generator non-synchronous closing. If the generator CT loop is repaired during stop, relevant generator differential protection should exit before synchronization and should not be put into operation until difference current is acceptable through detection or repair explanation allows after synchronization.
2) 3)
4)
5)
5.2.5.2 Automatic sub-synchronous parallel of generator: Close the generator outlet knife-switch operating source; Close the generator outlet knife-switch;
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Inspect that three phases of generator outlet knife-switch are in good closing condition; Open the generator outlet knife-switch operating source; Close the generator outlet switch operating source I switch; Close the generator outlet switch operating source II switch; Close the DC power switch of generator synchronizing device; Inspect that steam turbine has been at constant speed; Inspect that DCS graphic display is free of generator abnormal signal; Put the excitation state on generator DCS in automatic position; Put the excitation system state on generator DCS in put-in position and click on put-in function; Inspect that generator excitation switch is good closing condition and excitation start is normal; Inspect that generator outlet voltage rises to rated value and no-load excitation voltage and current are normal; Inspect that three phases of generator outlet voltage are balanced; Notify generator steam turbine panel supervisor that DEH adopts automatic synchronous mode for synchronization and the conditions are met; Click on operation function key of generator DCS synchronous control function; Click on put-in function key (grey-red) of generator DCS synchronous control function; Click on reset key of generator DCS synchronous control function; Inspect the displacement (grey-red) of ACT function block of generator DCS synchronous control function; Inspect that generator switch closing is in good condition; Inspect that generator three-phase stator current is balanced and carries initial load; Click on general reset key of generator DCS synchronous control; Remove mis-power on protection strap inside generator protection cabinet A; Remove mis-power on protection strap inside generator protection cabinet B; Verify that no voltage is available at both terminals of closing main steam stop valve strap inside generator protection cabinet A and then put the strap into operation; Verify that no voltage is available at both terminals of closing main steam stop valve strap inside generator protection cabinet B and then put the strap into operation; Verify that no voltage is available at both terminals of closing main steam stop valve strap inside generator protection cabinet C and then put the strap into operation;
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Open the DC power switch of generator synchronizing device. 5.2.5.3 Inspect that generator stator three-phase current indication is balanced and generator has carried 5 initial load (about 15MW). 5.3 5.3.1 Operation Maintenance and Adjustment of Generator and Auxiliaries Temperature Monitoring
5.3.1.1 Temperature and temperature rise of generator stator and rotor: When the components of generator are under rated operating parameters, maximum allowable monitoring temperature should be determined according to temperature rise test result. When the temperature rise test is not conducted on site, the monitored maximum allowable temperature should be lower than manufacturers specified value, shown as following table: Allowable Temperatur e Rise Maximum Allowable Temperatur e
Location
Test Condition
Test Method
Stator core gear
74
120
Hydrogen pressure 0.31Mpa hydrogen temperature 46 Hydrogen pressure 0.31Mpa hydrogen temperature 46 Cooling water temperature 50 Hydrogen pressure 0.31Mpa hydrogen temperature 46 85
Thermocouple method
Stator core gear yoke
74
120
Thermocouple method
Stator coil slot inner layer
40
90
Resistance method
Rotor
64
Resistance method
Water branch outlet
Temperature measuring microcomponent Temperature measuring microcomponent
Main outlet pipe water
31
85
5.3.1.2 The generator should operate for long time within the range of the data specified in manufacturers nameplate or capability diagram. Before the temperature rise test is not
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conducted, the generator should not operate beyond the range of the data specified in nameplate. 5.3.1.3 Under rated power factor and different hydrogen pressure, the generator current should not exceed the specified value shown as following table: Hydrogen pressure Mpa Stator currentA 5.3.2 0.31 10189 0.208 9150 0.103 8140
Monitoring of Voltage, Frequency, Power Factor and Unbalanced Current
5.3.2.1 It is allowed that stator voltage of generator may vary within the range of 5 of rated value, and here the generator can still guarantee the rated output under rated power factor. 5.3.2.2 When generator stator voltage is lower than 95 of rated value, stator current should not be greater than 105 of rated value. 5.3.2.3 Minimum operating voltage of generator should be determined according to the requirement of stable operation and should not be lower than 90 of rated value; maximum operating voltage should comply with the manufacturers specification but should not be higher than 110 of rated value. 5.3.2.4 Generator frequency should be 50HZ at all times, when its variation range is within 0.5HZ, the generator may operate with rated capacity. 5.3.2.5 The generator is allowed to operate under different power factors, but should meet generator capacity curve and is restricted by the following conditions: 5.3.2.6 When higher than rated power factor, restricted by stator current steam turbine output; 5.3.2.7 When lower than rated power factor, restricted by rotor current; 5.3.2.8 Under leading phase power factor, restricted by stabilization. 5.3.2.9 When the generator operates under different power factors at the same time, stator and rotor current should not exceed the specified value under corresponding hydrogen pressure. 5.3.3 Leading Phase Operation of Generator
5.3.3.1 Requirements of leading phase operation a) The leading phase operation of generator should comply with dispatching order (leading phase test must be conducted), after exit of leading phase operation state, report to the dispatcher immediately. In principle, the leading phase operation of generator is only adopted in normal operating state of power plant and system, when the defect of main equipment like generator excitation system has an impact on system safety, the generator should be in lagging phase operation.
b)
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c)
When the generator is in leading phase operation, the excitation system of generator must be in good condition and its voltage regulator (AVR) and forced excitation must be intact and put into operation; voltage regulator (AVR) operates in automatic mode. When generator output is less than 80 of rated output (240MW), the leading phase operation is allowed; when generator output is greater than or equal to 80 of rated output, the generator should be in lagging phase operation; when generator output is equal to 90 of rated output or above, the power factor should be less than 0.99 in lagging phase operation.
d)
5.3.3.2 Precautions of leading phase operation a) When the generator is in leading phase operation, the monitoring of generator terminal voltage should be enhanced; the temperature rise of each component and generator cooling medium should meet the requirements of field manual and manufacturer. Ensure that auxiliary power busbar voltage of generator in leading phase operation is not less than specified value (5.7kV). During leading phase operation, strengthen monitoring and when once finding out that auxiliary power busbar voltage, generator active and reactive power, current, rotating speed and generator operating state have abnormal phenomena, immediately change generator from leading phase operation to lagging phase operation and report to the dispatcher at once.
b)
5.3.3.3 When the voltage regulator (AVR) is in manual operation mode, the leading phase operation is not allowed and the ratio of active to reactive power should not be greater than 3 all the time. 5.3.3.4 During normal operation, three-phase current of stator should be equal. When three-phase current is asymmetric, allowable continuous unbalanced current of generator should not exceed 10% of rated value during continuous operation under rated parameter and maximum single-phase current should not exceed rated current. During continuous operation below rated load, the current difference between phases may be greater than the above-mentioned specified value, but should be determined according to test. In long-time stable operation, when the current of each phase is not more than rated value, per-unit value of negative sequence current component should not be greater than 8 . The capacity of short-time withstand negative sequence current should meet I22t10. 5.3.3.5 In an emergency, stator overcurrent capacity, rotor overvoltage capacity and allowable time are shown as the following table: Allowable times Stator overcurrent capacity rated current of stator 10 226 30 154 60 130 100 116
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Rotor overvoltage capacity
rated excitation voltage of rotor
208
146
125
112
(Note: total number of the above emergency overload should not exceed two times every year) 5.3.4 Specification of Insulation Resistance
5.3.4.1 Before generator starting or after stop standby for over one week, the insulation resistance should be detected. 5.3.4.2 Measurement and specification of insulation resistance of each component of generator: 5.3.4.3 Insulation of generator stator loop a) Insulation resistance of generator stator winding is measured with 2500V megameter and it should not be less than 1000M(25 ) through 1min measurement. Equipment temperature rises 5-15 , and insulation resistance reduces half approximately. b) The measured result in different conditions should be converted to the measured value in the last same condition; the value should not be lower than 1/3-1/5 of the last measured value and 60s and 15s absorptance should not be less than 1.3; the result is not used for basis of acceptability of generator insulation, for reference only. Under different temperature, insulation resistance may be converted according to the following formula: t=752(75-t)/10 t is insulation resistance value at t; t is the temperature when measuring; UN is rated voltage (V) of winding; PN is rated capacity (kVA) of generator; 5.3.4.4 Insulation resistance of rotor loop is measured with 500V megameter and 1min insulation resistance value should not be less than 10M at 25. 5.3.4.5 Insulation resistance to ground, of all temperature measuring components inside generator is measured with 250V megameter in cold state and it should not be less than 5M. 5.3.4.6 During operation, the repairers should measure, with 500V megameter, the insulation resistance to ground, of bearing once a month and keep a record. One end of megameter is grounded and other end is connected by turns to each measured terminal (BEG1 BEG6) to directly measure insulation resistance. Predicated insulation resistance is more than 1M. When insulation resistance is less than 0.5M, it will cause shaft current conveyance and damage insulation, and here the generator must be stopped. The reduction of insulation resistance shows the insulation is deteriorated, so it must be repaired to reach minimum allowable value before operation.
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When insulation resistance of the above measured object is lower than specified value, it should be restored in time. 5.3.5 Maintenance and Inspection of Generator
5.3.5.1 Routine work of generator system: a) b) Strictly monitor generator operating condition and adjust in time to make operating parameter not exceed specified value. Both increase and reduction of active load of generator are usually controlled by means of unit coordination or adjusted by attendant; and moreover monitor and adjust reactive load and strictly control generator stator voltage and current that should not exceed specified value. During normal operation, transcribe operating parameters of generator hourly and contrast with print report, if any difference, analyze and find out the reason. If specific temperature measuring point is abnormal, strengthen the monitoring of the location and shorten record time, and moreover, report to relevant department for handling according to physical circumstances. During generator operating, put excitation loop grounding detection device in automatic detection mode and check it regularly so as to put into normal operation. Each shift should inspect fully generator, AVR device and relaying protection device once, etc. When any abnormal circumstance is found out, report handling in time and keep a record.
c)
d) e)
5.3.5.2 Main inspection items during generator operation: a) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) b) 1) Inspection items of central control room and protection cubicle: The display value of each pointer parameter on DCS does not exceed allowable value. The indication of each light signal is normal; the position of each control switch conforms to actual position; CRT graphic display is correct. Relay and automatic device are free of loose contact, sealing off and overheat smoking, etc. The position of each protection strap is correct and conforms to operating condition. Keep records carefully and strengthen monitoring and shorten record time under abnormal circumstance. Inspect that the temperature of generator enclosed busbar casing should be normal. Inspection of generator proper: Generator sound is normal, free of metallic friction sound and impact sound as well as abnormal vibration.
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2) 3) 4) 5) 6) c) 1)
Double-end sealing oil pressure is normal; lubricating oil flow is normal; return oil temperature is not higher than specified value. The perimeter is clean, free of impurities, oil leakage and dewing. The temperature rise of each component of generator does not exceed specified value, without abnormal heat generation. Fully inspect switch, knife-switch, PT and CT of generator system, etc. The temperature of generator outlet enclosed busbar casing is less than 70. Inspection and maintenance of stator cooling water system Hydrogen pressure of in-service generator should be higher than stator winding cooling water pressure. When hydrogen-water pressure difference is less than 0.035MPa, an alarm is given. Water quality should be acceptable, or an ion exchanger should be put into operation. Stator cooling water flow should be normal, or the pressure difference between both sides of water filter should be inspected. When the pressure difference is more than 0.2MPa, an alarm is given, and here standby filter should be put into operation. Inspect that stator cooling water temperature should be normal. Each waterway of generator should be unhindered and each water diversion pipe is free of shaking and leakage. Inspection of hydrogen system: Inspect that hydrogen pressure of generator should be within the range of specified value. Inspect that hydrogen purity inside generator is normal (96) and humidity should be within normal range. Inspect that hydrogen temperature is within allowable range and hydrogen cooler should be in normal operation. Inspection of excitation system is referred to relevant contents of generator excitation system in this manual.
2) 3)
4) 5) d) 1) 2) 3) e)
5.3.5.3 Relevant specification of generator insulation overheat monitoring device (FJR-1) operation: a) b) The adjustable knobs on device panel are used for repair, adjustment and test, and operators should not adjust them at will. After the device is put into operation, the operation may not exit unless before unit overhaul and minor maintenance stop or before gas displacement inside generator; the device should be put into operation after the unit speed is stable.
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c)
Put-in operation: inspect that ammeter pointer is in zero position and then close the power switch of device, after becoming normal, open gas inlet valve slowly and then open gas outlet valve, and here inspect that monitoring flow of device should be about 2L/min and ammeter indication value should be more than 75A. Stop operation: shut off the gas outlet valve, then shut off the gas inlet valve and finally turn off the power switch (power source may not be shut off in the case of short-time stop). During normal operation, each shift should inspect at least four times that both device detection part and remote control part are in normal operation, without abnormal signal.
d)
e)
5.4 5.4.1
Generator Disconnection Disconnection Operation
5.4.1.1 Inspect that active load of generator has been minimized and reactive load is reduced near to zero; 5.4.1.2 Open the generator outlet switch; 5.4.1.3 Inspect that generator outlet switch is in trip position; 5.4.1.4 Inspect that three-phase stator current of generator should be zero; 5.4.1.5 Put the excitation system put-in state on generator DCS graphic display into exit function; 5.4.1.6 Inspect that excitation switch MK tripping is in good condition; 5.4.1.7 Open the generator outlet knife-switch; 5.4.1.8 Inspect that generator outlet knife-switch is in trip position; 5.4.1.9 Open the generator outlet knife-switch operating source; 5.4.1.10 Put the generator protection mis-power on (applying voltage suddenly) protection strap; 5.4.1.11 Make generator protection exit and close main steam stop valve protection strap; 5.4.1.12 Open the generator outlet switch operating source I and II switch; 5.4.1.13 Report to shift chief-operator that unit has been disconnected. 5.4.1.14 After disconnected, change the unit to cold reserve according to shift chief-operators order, and moreover, a) b) Change generator PT loop to cold reserve; Change voltage regulator (AVR) to cold reserve;
5.4.1.15 If the generator needs changing to repair, safety measures such as ground wire installing should be taken according to the requirement of work sheet, to make unit in repair state.
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5.5 5.5.1
Disposal of Generator Fault and Abnormal Condition Abnormal Operation of Hydrogen Cooling System
5.5.2.1 Hydrogen Pressure Reduction A. Fault a) b) c) d) e) Hydrogen pressure indication descends or an alarm is given. Hydrogen filling amount increases. Density and generator fan differential pressure reduces. Stator cooling water tank pressure ascends or steam exhaust pipe flowmeter has gas discharge. Differential pressure between hydrogen and water descends.
B. Fault Source a) b) c) Hydrogen filling regulator is out of order or hydrogen supply system pressure descends. Seal oil pressure reduces. Hydrogen system leaks or is mis-operated.
C. Disposal a) In case hydrogen pressure reduction is found, find out and handle the source of trouble immediately and increase hydrogen filling to keep generator inner hydrogen pressure in normal condition, and moreover, strengthen the monitoring of hydrogen purity and core temperature. For the hydrogen pressure reduction arising from seal oil pressure drop, handle it according to seal oil pressure drop. When stator cooling water tank pressure rises and steam discharge quantity increases, the hydrogen may leak to stator cooling water system, so monitor closely hydrogen and water differential pressure, when necessary, properly lower stator cooling water pressure to prevent stator cooling water leaking in generator. When hydrogen cooling system leaks, report to shift chief-operator and contact with hydrogen station for inspection, and moreover, take fire prevention and explosion protection safety measures. If hydrogen pressure drops and can not keep rated value, contact with shift chief-operator to reduce unit load till stop according to the condition of stator core temperature.
b) c)
d)
e)
5.5.2.2 Hydrogen Temperature Increase or Reduction
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A. Fault a) b)
Hydrogen temperature indication increases or reduces. Low or high hydrogen temperature alarm is given.
B. Fault Source a) b) c) Hydrogen cooler cooling water adjusting valve is out of order. Open type water pressure drops. Unit load ascents or descents suddenly.
C. Disposal a) b) In case hydrogen temperature increase or reduction is found, find out and eliminate the source of trouble and return to normal operation. Inspect operating condition of hydrogen cooler open type water adjusting valve, if the adjusting valve is out of order, switch to manual adjustment or bypass valve adjustment. Inspect open type water pressure and keep within normal range. Strengthen the monitoring of hydrogen pressure and stator core temperature, if hydrogen temperature increases, report to shift-chief operator and reduce unit load according to the condition of core temperature.
c) d)
5.5.2.3 High or low generator hydrogen purity alarm: the alarm is given by hydrogen purity monitoring device. When hydrogen purity is below 90, low purity alarm signal is made, and here: A. B. Notify hydrogen station to take a sample for analysis. Discharge dirt in hydrogen system and fill generator with acceptable hydrogen to make hydrogen purity inside generator come up to standard.
C. When high hydrogen purity alarm signal is made, it shows that purity meter pointer reaches 100 or above, and such case shows that detection loop goes out of order or it is caused by purity fan stop. 5.5.2.4 High Liquid Leak Detector Level A. B. Fault: high liquid leak detector level signal alarm; oil or water enters into leak detector. Disposal: a) b) Inspect all leak detectors (total four ones) and find out the leak detector with liquid that should be discharged, when necessary, take chemical sampling for analysis. Identify as stator cooling water leakage: 1) If stator cooling water seeps slightly, reduce intake water pressure and strengthen the monitoring of stator winding temperature and insulation; report to shift-chief operator and relevant leaders and arrange stop disposal as soon as
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possible. 2) c)
If stator cooling water leaks, report to shift-chief operator and relevant leaders and stop generator immediately.
Identify as hydrogen cooler leakage: 1) 2) Inspect that if the dew arising from low water temperature of hydrogen cooler increases water leakage, adjust the water inflow of hydrogen cooler. Inspect that if hydrogen cooler water pipe leaks, reduce load and strengthen the monitoring of hydrogen temperature and humidity; adjust cooling water and ensure hydrogen temperature is greater than cooling water pressure; remove leaky cooler till stop for disposal.
d)
If the oil leaks, inspect whether oil hydrogen pressure is normal and adjust it to return to normal. When oil leakage is continuous and can not be treated, apply for stop disposal.
5.5.2
Troubleshooting of Stator Cooling Water System
5.5.2.1 High Stator Winding Water Inlet and Outlet Temperature A. When water inlet temperature reaches 53, high water inlet temperature alarm signal will be made and here inspect and adjust cooler water outlet temperature, if the cooler is dirty, switch cooler operation. When water outlet temperature reaches 85, high water outlet temperature alarm signal will be made and here inspect generator water inlet temperature, pressure and flow immediately. If water inlet temperature is high, handle it according to high water inlet temperature; if all are normal, enhance generator water inlet pressure and increase cooling water flow under the condition of not exceeding maximum allowable operating pressure, so as to reduce generator stator cooling water outlet temperature. When generator stator winding water outlet temperature exceeds 90, report to shift-chief operator and relevant leaders and reduce generator load for operation till stop for disposal.
B.
5.5.2.2 When stator cooling pump operation is abnormal and trips arising from failure, standby stator cooling pump should self-start, or start it manually quickly; during unit operation, stator cooling pump interlocking should be put into operation normally. 5.5.2.3 Low stator winding cooling water flow: when the pressure drop of cooling water at both ends of stator winding is 0.035MPa lower than normal value, low water flow alarm will be given. A. Disposal a) Inspect whether water inlet and outlet valves of differential pressure switch and water discharge valve are normal and observe whether the alarm is caused arising from throttle. Inspect whether stator cooling water inlet pressure is normal; adjust recirculation and increase water flow and water inlet pressure. When necessary, start standby
b)
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pump operation. c) d)
Inspect whether valves of stator water system are in correct position. Inspect stator cooling water screen differential pressure value. If differential pressure value is over great, switch to standby screen in time for operation.
5.5.3
Troubleshooting of Seal Oil System
5.5.3.1 Main Faults of Seal Oil System A. B. Air-side seal oil pump breaks down or air-side seal oil is interrupted. Hydrogen-side seal oil pump breaks down or air-side seal oil is interrupted.
C. Oil-hydrogen differential pressure is low. D. Defoaming tank oil level is high. E. Oil level in hydrogen-side return oil control tank is abnormal (high or low).
5.5.3.2 : Reasons for low oil-hydrogen differential pressure: A. Air-side (hydrogen-side) AC seal oil pump breaks down. B. Seal oil supply piping leaks.
C. Seal oil screen is choking. D. Air-side seal oil overpressure valve or differential pressure adjusting valve acting is abnormal. E. F. Hydrogen-side seal oil overpressure valve acting is abnormal or recirculation valve opening is over large. Oil level in hydrogen-side return oil control tank is over low.
G. Seal oil system differential pressure adjusting valve or balancing valve is out of order. H. Misoperation. 5.5.3.3 Disposal in the case of air-side seal oil fault or air-side seal oil interruption and low oil-hydrogen differential pressure A. B. When air-side seal oil pump breaks down and inlet-outlet differential pressure reduces to 0.035MPa, air-side seal oil pump failure alarm will be given. Report to centralized control chief operator and start high pressure seal oil standby pump; inspect that outlet pressure of high pressure seal oil pump is normal.
C. When air-side seal oil-hydrogen differential pressure reduces to 0.056MPa, seal oil standby differential pressure adjusting valve should be opened automatically and keeps oil-hydrogen differential pressure as 0.056MPa; when standby differential pressure adjusting valve refuses operation, start standby oil source bypass valve 266 immediately and adjust oil-hydrogen differential pressure to 0.056MPa. D. When air-side oil-hydrogen differential pressure continuously reduces to 0.035MPa, an
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alarm will be give, and at the same time air-side DC seal oil pump should self-start to make oil-hydrogen differential pressure return to 0.084MPa, or start it manually and report to centralized control chief operator, and moreover, inspect outlet pressure of high-pressure seal oil standby pump and operating condition of standby differential pressure adjusting valve and inspect whether standby differential pressure adjusting valve and relevant valves are in normal state. E. If both high-pressure standby oil source and air-side AC and DC seal oil pump break down and air side adopts low-pressure standby oil source for oil supply, report fault stop to shift-chief operator and notify hydrogen generation station to reduce hydrogen pressure to 0.014MPa or below and keep seal oil- hydrogen pressure difference as 0.021MPa.
5.5.3.4 When air-side seal oil is completely interrupted, stop and notify hydrogen station to discharge station urgently. 5.5.3.5 Disposal in the case of hydrogen-side seal oil pump failure or hydrogen-side seal oil interruption A. When hydrogen-side seal oil pump breaks down and inlet-outlet differential pressure reduces to 0.035MPa, hydrogen-side seal oil pump failure alarm will be given. B. Report to shift-chief operator and disconnect hydrogen-side seal oil pump, and moreover, contact with repairer to return to normal as soon as possible.
C. Generator sealing pad may operate under the oil supply condition of hydrogen-free side oil pump; during hydrogen-side seal oil pump stop, hydrogen purity descends and humidity ascends, and here strengthen the displacement of hydrogen inside generator and keep hydrogen purity above 90, and moreover, increase hydrogen filling to ensure hydrogen pressure inside generator. D. Monitor that oil level of hydrogen-side seal oil tank and operation of air-side return oil tank smoke exhaust fan are normal. 5.5.3.6 Rise of Oil Level in Hydrogen-side Seal Oil Tank A. Fault a) b) Oil level gauge indication of hydrogen-side seal oil tank rises. High defoaming tank oil level alarm is given.
B. Fault Source a) b) Oil drain valve acting is abnormal (blocking or floating ball break, etc.) Generator inner hydrogen pressure is low.
C. Disposal a) b) When oil drain valve misacts, precess the thimble under oil drain valve to open oil drain valve and keep oil level in hydrogen-side seal oil tank in normal condition. Properly turn down oil filling valve, namely precess the thimble above oil filling valve.
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c) d)
When generator inner hydrogen pressure drops, handle it according to hydrogen pressure drop and try to keep normal hydrogen pressure inside generator. When oil level indication of hydrogen-side seal oil tank is full and high defoaming tank oil level alarm is given, report to shift-chief operator and require stopping hydrogen-side seal oil pump operating, if it is still non-effective, require stopping generator. In treatment process, closely monitor oil level of generator leak detector and make sure whether oil enters into generator, if so, strengthen draining oil in leak detector and report to shift-chief operator.
e)
5.5.3.7 Drop of Oil Level in Hydrogen-side Seal Oil Tank A. Fault a) b) Indication of oil level gauge of hydrogen-side seal oil tank drops. An alarm of low oil level in hydrogen-side seal oil tank is given.
B. Fault Source a) b) Oil filling valve misacts (blocking or floating ball break, etc.). Oil drain valve is opened in the wrong way.
C. Disposal a) When it is found that oil level in hydrogen-side seal oil tank drops, inspect operating condition of oil filling valve, when necessary, precess the thimble under oil filling valve and fill oil to normal oil level. If oil drain valve misacts(blocking or mis-opening), precess the thimble above oil drain valve to close oil drain valve and keep the oil level in hydrogen-side oil tank in normal condition.
b)
5.5.3.8 High Defoaming Tank Oil Level A. Fault a) b) B. High defoaming tank oil level alarm is given. Generator leak detector oil level is high.
Fault Source a) b) c) Defoaming tank return oil piping or overflow piping is choking. Hydrogen-side return oil control tank oil level is high (oil filling valve and oil drain valve misact). Sealing pad oil quantity is over great (pad wear).
C. Disposal a) When high defoaming tank oil level alarm is given, the operator should stop hydrogen-side seal oil pump operation immediately and strengthen the monitoring of
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hydrogen purity. b) c) d)
Open defoaming tank oil drain valve to drain oil; a person should be specially assigned to monitor the operation to prevent generator inner hydrogen leaking out. In disposal process, closely monitor the oil level of generator leak detector and strengthen the oil drain of leak detector. After defoaming tank oil level returns to normal, shut off defoaming tank oil drain valve and start hydrogen-side seal oil pump; if high defoaming tank oil level alarm is still given, handle it by the above method and strengthen whether oil enters into generator and report to shift-chief operator. Reverse Power Operation
5.5.4
5.5.4.1 Fault a) b) c) d) Generator active meter displays negative value on generator DCS graphic display and kilowatt-hour meter turns reversely; Main steam stop valve closed alarm information is available on generator DCS graphic display and audible emergency alarm is given; Reactive meter display value ascends and stator current display value descends; stator voltage and excitation loop instrument display values are normal; System cycle may reduce.
5.5.4.2 Disposal When the generator is in reverse power operation and reverse power protection acts and trips, handle it according to emergency trip; if reverse power protection does not act, manually disconnect generator from system immediately. 5.5.5 Rotor Grounding
5.5.5.1 Fault a) b) c) Excitation current increases; excitation voltage reduces; reactive meter indication drops; Generating unit has violent oscillatory motion; When generator rotor grounding protection is put into operation, the generator trips.
5.5.5.2 Disposal a) b) c) Before protection acts, disconnect generating unit and suppress field immediately. Measure generator rotor insulation at different speeds; When confirming rotor grounding, stop generator for disposal.
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5.5.6 Loss of Field 5.5.6.1 Fault a)
Generator field loss alarm information is available on generator DCS graphic display and audible emergency alarm is given; generator excitation current display value is near to or equal to zero; Reactive display value of generator is negative; Active display value of generator descends; stator voltage drops; stator current rises, with periodic oscillation; Busbar voltage drops and is lower than normal value.
b) c) d)
5.5.6.2 Disposal a) When the generator loses excitation, if excitation loss protection acts and trips, handle it according to emergency trip. If the protection fails to act, disconnect and stop generating unit and report to shift-chief operator, and moreover, find out and eliminate fault source. Allowable load and time in the case of generator excitation loss operation: generator load should be reduced to 60 of rated load within 60s as of loss of excitation and should be reduced to 40 of rated load within 150s as of loss of excitation; total allowable time of asynchronous operation of loss of excitation should not exceed 15min. 5.5.7 Stator Grounding
b)
5.5.7.1 Fault a) Generator stator grounding protection (3U0) may act and generator outlet switch and field suppression switch trip; main steam stop valve is closed; the indication values of relevant parameters of generating unit, such as stator voltage, stator current, active power, reactive power,rotor voltage and current, are zero. Electric prewarning and electric tripping alarm windows are on; stator grounding signal is made; buzzer makes a sound. Zero sequence voltmeter inside generator protection cabinet has indicated value that even reaches 100V; Generator zero-sequence voltmeter has indication value;
b) c) d)
5.5.7.2 Fault Source It is grounded completely or incompletely in stator loop and system. 5.5.7.3 Disposal a) When stator grounding protection acts and trips: If protection acts and trips, handle it according to stop;
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Inspect the generator; if no evident fault point exists through inspection, raise generator voltage from zero and inspect that no fault exists, and then repeat synchronization. b) When stator grounding protection makes a signal: If water leakage alarm is given at the same time, stop generator immediately; c) Measure that generator zero-sequence voltage is below 10V, handle it by the following methods: 1) 2) 3) Firstly, inspect whether generator loop is grounded; Inspect whether low voltage switch of neutral point voltage transformer is intact or the contact is in good condition; Through inspection, if it is internal fault or no external fault point is found out, report to shift-chief operator and stop generator to handle fault.
5.5.8
Generator Dissymmetrical Operation
5.5.8.1 Fault The indicated value of generator three-phase stator ammeter has deviation and negative sequence ammeter has indicated value. 5.5.8.2 Fault Source a) b) c) Generator stator current loop parameters are unbalanced; The pointer is inaccurate; Load three-phase is asymmetric.
5.5.8.3 Disposal a) The difference between three phase current of generator should not exceed 8% of rated current, and moreover, the generator may operate continuously when the current of any phase is not more than rated value, or the operator should reduce generator load to meet the above requirements. When unbalance value is greater than the above specified, find out and eliminate fault source; or report to chief engineer who makes a decision on disposal. Asymmetric overload protection of generator may act and trip. Oscillation and out-of-step
b) c) 5.5.9
5.5.9.1 Fault a) b) c) d) Active and reactive meter display values on DCS graphic display oscillate greatly; Stator current display value oscillates violently and exceeds normal value; Stator voltage display vlaue reduces and oscillates; Excitation current and voltage display values oscillates near to normal value;
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e)
The generator makes a roar sound and its rhythm is in step with oscillation of the above display values. If the oscillation direction of display value of each generating unit in parallel operation is in full accord, it is caused by system oscillation; if the oscillation direction of display value of one generating unit is opposite to other generating units, the generating unit is out of step.
5.5.9.2 Disposal 5.5.9.2.1 Inspect the display value of each instrument of generator excitation loop; if the oscillation is caused by generator mis-parallel or loss of field, disconnect the generator immediately. 5.5.9.2.2 If system fault causes generator oscillation, increase reactive power of generator as much as possible and enhance system voltage to create the condition of synchronization recovery. During operation in AVR automatic mode, strictly prohibit disturbing voltage regulator operation; during operation in AVR manual mode, increase excitation current as much as possible up to allowable overload value, and here execute in accordance with generator emergency load specification. 5.5.9.2.3 By means of the above measures, if it fails to return to normal within 60s, disconnect the generating unit out of step, and after the system is stable, restore synchronous parallel immediately. 5.5.10 Automatic Trip of Circuit Breaker 5.5.10.1 Fault Relevant alarm information is available on generator DCS graphic display, and moreover, generator outlet switch and field suppression switch trip; all pointers of generator return to zero; audible emergency alarm is given; 5.5.10.2 Disposal: When in-service generator switch trips automatically, the operator should analyze, inspect and handle it in time according to the conditions of pointer, signal and protection operation. a) b) When the generator switch trips, if the excitation switch trips at the same time, inspect whether auxiliary power switching is successful and make relevant treatment. When the generator switch trips, if the excitation switch does not trip, adjust generator cycle and voltage in time and find out and eliminate fault source, and then contact with dispatcher to repeat synchronization. When the generator switch trips, if the excitation switch does not trip, but main steam stop valve closed alarm information is available on generator DCS graphic display, stop the generator for disposal immediately. If backup protection act or protection misoperation trip is caused by external fault of generator, make sure trouble shooting or find out misoperation reason, and then release misoperation protection and contact with dispatcher to put generating unit into synchronous operation again. If generating unit tripping is caused by artificial misoperation causes, put generating unit
c)
d)
e)
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f)
into synchronous operation again immediately. If generator protection acts and trips because of internal fault, inspect in detail the appearance of generator and relevant equipment within protection range and inspect whether obvious fault exists, and measure insulation resistance to find out tripping reason, after the fault is eliminated, put into synchronous operation. If no fault is found out, submit to chief engineering for approval, inspect generator by raising voltage from zero, if the voltage increase is normal, contact with dispatcher to put generating unit into synchronous operation; during raising voltage, if abnormal conditions appear, stop the generator for disposal immediately.
5.5.11 Fire and Smoke 5.5.11.1 Fault a) b) c) d) e) When the attendant or other personnel find out through inspection: stator end cover belches out visible smoke and spark or insulation burned taste exists; Generator sound may change suddenly and the generator oscillates; Generator grounding, inter-turn and differential protections act; Relevant pointers of generator may swing abnormally. Electric alarm and electric tripping alarm windows may be on and the buzzer makes a sound.
5.5.11.2 Fault Source Inter-phase, inter-layer or inter-turn short circuit fault may be caused in stator coil. 5.5.11.3 Disposal a) b) c) The operator should disconnect the generator immediately and open field switch to suppress the field. Organize a part of personnel to arrive at scene and extinguish the fire according to fire control regulations. Report to relevant leaders and departments at once and notify fire department to participate in fire extinguishment.
6
6.1
Excitation System of Generator

General Description of Excitation System Generator excitation system is A5S-O/U231-D3200 type ABB UNITROL 5000 double-channel digital static excitation system produced by Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute. The overall system consists of four major function blocks:
6.1.1
6.1.1.1 Excitation Transformer Excitation transformer is used to step down generator voltage as input voltage of rectifier and provide power supply for excitation system, and moreover, plays a role in electrical
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isolation between generator terminal and rotor winding. 6.1.1.2 Two Sets of Mutually Independent Excitation Regulators According to the change of generator terminal voltage, two sets of mutually independent excitation regulator are used to correct and change triggering flow angle of silicon controlled rectifier bridge so as to attain the purpose of changing excitation current and stable generator stator voltage. 6.1.1.3 Silicon Controlled Rectifier Unit Silicon controlled rectifier unit is used to convert AC current to controlled DC current. 6.1.1.4 Excitation Starting Unit and Field Suppression Equipment Excitation starting unit is used to provide primary energy for generator rotor. Field suppression equipment is used to cut off rotor magnetic field loop and release magnetic field energy as quickly as possible. 6.2 6.2.1 Operation of UNITROL 5000 Excitation Regulator Key Functions and Characteristics
Excitation regulator is a full-redundancy double channel controller and each channel may be online or standby mode. Besides automatic voltage regulating function, each channel has PSS, various restriction, protection, monitoring and manual control functions, etc. 1) Operation of Excitation Regulator In-service Inspection When excitation regulator works normally, no alarm signal should be made. Standby channel is free of failure and it is allowable change-over state between main channel and standby channel. Excitation regulator does not enter restricted state. Excitation current, generator voltage and reactive power are stable. Change-over of in-service channel Two channels are identical and channel 1 or channel 2 may be selected as operating channel freely. Standby channel automatically tracks the operation of operating channel. If standby channel is free of failure, it may manually switch to standby channel for operation. If a fault is detected in operating channel, automatically switch to the second channel urgently. And then, do not switch to fault channel until the fault is removed. If both channels break down, urgently switch to manual operating mode. And then, do not switch to automatic mode until the faults are removed. Put into Operation/Exit of Power System Stabilizer Power system stabilizer (PSS) can suppress the low frequency oscillation caused by generator or system fluctuation. When active power of generator reaches set value, PSS is put into operation and
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generator voltage is limited within given range. PSS may be released manually at any moment, and moreover, if active power and voltage of generator do not reach set value or generator is disconnected with power grid, PSS may be released automatically. 6.2.2 Inspection before Put into Operation of Excitation Regulator Maintenance work of excitation system has been completed and regulator is idle. Control and power source cabinets have been got ready and cabinet doors are locked well. Generator outputs zero load and excitation system is free of grounding and short circuit. Field suppression switch and regulator power source is normal. No alarm and failure information is generated. Excitation system is switched to remote control mode. Excitation system is switched to automatic mode. Generator reaches rated speed. 6.2.3 Operation of Excitation Regulator
In-service Inspection When excitation regulator works normally, no alarm signal should be made. Standby channel is free of failure and it is allowable change-over state between main channel and standby channel. Excitation regulator does not enter restricted state. Excitation current, generator voltage and reactive power are stable. Change-over of in-service channel Two channels are identical and channel 1 or channel 2 may be selected as operating channel freely. Standby channel automatically tracks the operation of operating channel. If standby channel is free of failure, it may manually switch to standby channel for operation. If a fault is detected in operating channel, automatically switch to the second channel urgently. And then, do not switch to fault channel until the fault is removed. If both channels break down, urgently switch to manual operating mode. And then, do not switch to automatic mode until the faults are removed. Put into Operation/Exit of Power System Stabilize Power system stabilizer (PSS) can suppress the low frequency oscillation caused by generator or system fluctuation. When active power of generator reaches set value, PSS is put into operation and generator voltage is limited within given range.
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PSS may be released manually at any moment, and moreover, if active power and voltage of generator do not reach set value or generator is disconnected with power grid, PSS may be released automatically. 6.3 6.3.1 Operation Instruction of Excitation Regulator Control Panel Analog Value Display Digital display Press the key, and 8 analog signals with channel number, signal name, value and unit will appear, and moreover, yellow LED is on. More analog signals may be displayed by means of scroll key. Rectangular bar display Press he key, and 4 analog signals with channel number, signal name, value and unit as well as combined rectangular display bar will appear, and moreover, yellow LED is on. More analog signals may be displayed by means of scroll key. Predefined Analog Values Channel Number Value 1 Value 2 Value 3 Value 4 Value 5 Value 6 Value 7 Value 8 6.3.2 Fault Display and Reset Values Generator voltage Generator current Active power Reactive power Excitation current Automatic channel set point Manual channel set point Generator voltage value Unit kV kA MW Mvar A-dc kV A-dc
Fault information includes alarm, protection switching and excitation tripping. Alarm Press the key, and if faults exist, the red LED will be on and total 8 fault information may appear. The first fault always appears in the first line and the subsequent faults appear successively in the following lines with fault number. More subsequent faults may be displayed by means of scroll key. Reset Most of alarms are stored in control panel and specified alarm is also stored in microprocessor.
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When excitation system signal is reset, first of all, press reset on control panel, if the reset fails, select the reset on regulator panel. Method of resetting on regulator panel: if current communication channel is channel 1, switch to LOCAL mode and press RESET key to reset, and then switch to remote control mode. If the signal is not reset, switch communication channel to channel 2. Switching method: press COM/SEL key and press up and down keys to select channel 2; press ACT, and make channel 2 establish communication connection, then switch to LOCAL mode and press RESET key to reset and switch to remote control mode. 6.3.3 Command Key
Local control panel is equipped with keyboard. These keys are allowed to control excitation system in a local way. Command Field suppression switch on FCB ON Field suppression switch off FCB OFF Excitation on EXC ON Excitation off EXC OFF Channel 1 on CH Channel 2 on CH Automatic mode AUTO Manual mode MANUAL Operating regulator set point RAISE Operating regulator set point LOWER Reactive power regulator on PF/Wvar ON Reactive power regulator off PF/Wvar OFF Local control LOCAL Remote control REMOTE Indicator lamp test LAMP TEST Enable command RELEASE Local * Feedback Indication
* * * * * * * * *
Maximum position Minimum position
* * *
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The items with * show that it will not be valid until both RELAESE enable key and local control key are pressed at the same time. 6.4 6.4.1 Excitation System Fault and Alarm Information Fault and Alarm Information
In case the following faults happen, the operator should record in detail the fault time system and generating unit operating state and parameter and inspect and record fault information of excitation system, and moreover, notify relaying protection personnel to make relevant inspection. Information Text Analog output AI fault Analog input/output brownout fault ARCnet node fault Auxiliary AC power source fault Auxiliary DC power source fault Auxiliary system exit Standby unallowed Read backup fault R-phase branch fault R+ phase branch fault S-phase branch fault S+ phase branch fault T-phase branch fault T+ phase branch fault Channel ARCnet fault Channel change-over fault Rectifier interface fault Control panel power source fault Common standby fault Composite trip Rectifier block Serial Number 123 149 195 141 144 142 134 18 184 181 186 183 182 185 55 107 193 1 111 27 196 Information Text Excitation overvoltage Fieldbus overtime Fieldbus overtime Read initialized data Read initialized dataS2 Instantaneous excitation overcurrent LCP node fault Rectifier power source loss Loss of excitation of channel Excitation loss and tripping Out of step Generator voltage transformer fault MUB fault/power source fault Not configured Out of synchronization! Overcurrent 1 inverse time limit Overcurrent 2 inverse time limit Overtemperature trip Overtemperature alarm Disconnect panel wiring Not set the second parameter setting Serial Number 35 60 122 138 130 2 147 23 14 5 140 120 54 13 31 106 3 188 187 128 132
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Rectifier grade 1 fault Rectifier grade 2 fault Rectifier 1 8 Rectifier fault Cooler fan alarm Cooling fan trip Crossover assembly fault Crossover assembly fault Current sharing fault Current sensor fault
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 197 198 161-168 43 189 190 135 50 179 191 32 36 148 153 159 124 34 40 118 121 46 28 Standby RAM fault Rotor grounding fault Rotor grounding fault Rotor overtemperature trip Rotor overtemperature alarm Surge absorbing device fault Standby alarm Standby trip Starting external block Standby ARCnet fault System restart Temperature 1 sensor fault Test power source silicon controlled fuse fault Transformer overtemperature trip Transformer overtemperature alarm Expansion gate controller trip Excitation output SC Excitation channel fault Field suppression switch external fault Field suppression switch fault Backup write-in alarm 108 52 152 7 104 192 119 137 146 113 110 178 145 180 6 103 53 41 47 143 127 136
Digital input /output drive fault: X1 Digital input /output drive fault:X1 Digital input /output node fault:X1 Expansion gate controller fault Excitation current transformer fault Excitation failure Excitation fault Excitation internal SC Excitation overvoltage Frequency diagnosis failure V/Hz fault Excitation starting power source fault
7
7.1
Transformer operation (220 kV 500 kV 400V)

Operation Mode Rated Operation Mode
7.1.1
7.1.1.1 The transformer should operate according to rated nameplate parameters specified by manufacturer. The transformer may operate according to rated capacity all the year around under rated conditions of use. 7.1.1.2 Allowable temperature of transformer in operation should be monitored according to
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upper-layer oil temperature. When cooling medium temperature drops, the upper-layer oil temperature of transformer should also drop. Maximum upper-layer oil temperature should not exceed 95. In order to prevent transformer oil deterioration acceleration, the upper-layer oil temperature should not exceed 85 frequently. The middle and upper-layer oil temperature and temperature rise of oil immersed transformer in operation with different cooling mode should not exceed the specified value shown as following table: Cooling Mode Oil immersed self-cooling and air cooling Forced oil circulating air cooling Upper-layer Oil Temperature Rise Maximum Upper-layer Oil Temperature 95 General Upper-layer Oil Temperature
55
85
45
85
75
7.1.1.3 The temperature rise of high and low voltage winding of dry-type transformer (F-class insulation) should not exceed 100. In operation process, a stress should be laid on monitoring signal thermometer, because the signal thermometer is protection system of dry-type transformer. Relevant settings of main machine building dry-type signal thermometer are shown as following table: Name Fan stop temperature T1 Fan starting temperature T2 Overtemperature temperature T3 Overtemperature temperature T4 alarm trip Factory Settings 80 100 130 150 Adjustable Range 60-100 80-120 110-150 130-170
Note: setting principle is T1T2T3T4. 7.1.1.4 The applied primary voltage of transformer may be higher than rated value, but usually should not be greater than 105 of rated voltage of relevant tap. No matter where the transformer tap is, if the applied primary voltage does not exceed 5% of relevant rated value, secondary side of transformer may be loaded with rated current. 7.1.1.5 The rated capacity of no-load regulating transformer in each tap position should comply with the manufacturer requirements, but within 5 of rated voltage, if the tap position is changed, the rated capacity is unchanged. The rated capacity of on-load regulating transformer in each tap position should comply with the manufacturer requirements.
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7.1.2
Allowable Overload Operation Mode
7.1.2.1 The transformer may operate in the case of normal overload and emergency overload. Normal overload may be used frequently and its allowable value may be determined according to transformer load curve, cooling medium temperature and transformer-carried load before overloading, etc. Emergency overload is only allowed to be used in an emergency. When the transformer has major defects (e.g. cooling system is off normal; oil leaks severely; chromatographic analysis is abnormal, etc.), overload operation is not allowed. 7.1.2.2 When the transformer operates in the case of overload, all cooling devices should be put into operation, and moreover, strengthen monitoring and inspection and keep records. It should be strictly controlled that upper-layer oil temperature can not exceed allowable value. z Normal overload and emergency overload operation of dry-type transformer should comply with the manufacturers requirements and its emergency overload capacity is shown as following table: 1.2 60 1.3 45 1.45 24 1.6 5 1.75 3 2.0 1
Overcurrent times Allowable operating time min
Normal overload and emergency overload capacity of oil immersed transformer should comply with the manufacturers requirements. In case no manufacturers requirements are available, the allowable time of emergency overload of oil immersed transformer may be referred to the following table according to different cooling mode and ambient temperature: Allowable Operating Time of Oil Immersed Self-cooling Transformer in the Case of Emergency Overload (h: min) Overload Times 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Ambient Temperature 0 2400 2400 2300 830 445 300 205 130 100 10 2400 2400 1000 510 310 205 125 100 035 20 2400 1300 530 310 200 120 055 030 018 30 1900 550 300 145 110 045 025 013 009 700 245 130 055 035 018 009 006 005 40
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2.0 040
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 022 011 006
Allowable Operating Time of Forced Oil Circulating Cooling Transformer in the Case of Emergency Overload (h: min) Overload Times 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 7.1.3 Ambient Temperature 0 2400 2400 1100 340 150 100 030 10 2400 2100 510 210 110 035 015 20 2400 800 245 120 040 016 009 30 1430 330 130 045 116 008 005 510 135 045 015 007 005 40
Operation Mode of Cooling System
7.1.3.1 Before put into operation and in operating process of transformer, the cooling devices must be put into operation reliably 7.1.3.2 The forced oil circulating air cooling device of main transformer has double power sources. In normal condition. Double power sources should ensure reliable power supply, and moreover, interlock and are standby mutually according to selected operation mode. The control loop of cooling device should comply with the following requirements: 1) Switch the power source change-over switch to selected operating position, e.g. loop I standby, loop II operating or loop I operating, loop II standby. 2) During normal operation, switch the 1K switch of cooler automatic put-in control loop to operation position and switch the cooler signal loop switch 2K to operation position. 3) Each group of cooler power source automatic switch 1ZK-4ZK should be closed and the put-in position of selector switch 1KK-4KK of cooler operation mode should be determined according to the requirement of operation mode. The selector switch has four positions in all: 4) Operationthe cooler is put into operation. 5) Auxiliarythe cooler is put into operation automatically when transformer load rises to 75% of rated value or upper-layer oil temperature reaches 55. When the load drops to less than 75% of rated value or upper-layer oil temperature is below 55, the cooler stops operating automatically. 6) Standby when the operating cooler or automatic put-in auxiliary cooler breaks down and trips during operation, standby cooler is put into operation.
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7) Stopthe cooler stops operating. 7.1.3.3 Operation Mode of Main Transformer Cooler 1) There are total four groups of main transformer coolers. When three groups are put into operation, the transformer operation with rated load can be met. 2) Both operating and auxiliary coolers should be distributed uniformly and alternately to be beneficial to even cooling of transformer. 3) During normal operation, two groups of coolers are put into operation; one group is auxiliary and the other group is standby. 4) When ambient temperature varies greatly, the operation mode of cooler may be adjusted according to upper-layer oil temperature of transformer. 5) When ambient temperature is relatively high in summer, three groups of coolers may be put into operation according to upper-layer oil temperature of transformer and one group may be put into standby; 6) When ambient temperature is relatively low in winter, one group of operating cooler may be changed to standby according to upper-layer oil temperature of transformer, i.e. two groups are in operation and two groups are standby (but the upper-layer oil temperature of transformer should not be lower than 75). 7.1.3.4 When the cooling device of main transformer breaks down and all coolers are released (oil pump fans are all stopped): 1) When the upper-layer oil temperature of main transformer reaches 75 and the duration reach 20min, start up outlet trip; 2) The transformer is allowed to operate for 60min under rated load, when the time reaches 60min, start up outlet trip; 7.1.3.5 Insulation Monitoring 1) Before the transformer is put into operation and after repair or service interruption, the insulation resistance at each side of transformer should be measured. During measurement, the voltage transformer connected to transformer must be disconnected. 2) When the insulation resistance of transformer coil is measured, 2500V megameter should be used for the coil with voltage of above 10kV and 500V megameter should be used for the coil with voltage of below 500V. 3) Before measurement, the measured coil should be grounded to discharge electricity; during measurement, R15 and R60 values should be measured and the absorptance R60/R15 is calculated according to measured result. After completion of measurement, the electricity should be discharged to the ground. 4) The insulation resistance and absorptance of dry-type transformer are usually not specified.
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5) The insulation resistance value of oil immersed transformer should comply with the following requirements: The absorptance of above 20kV transformer and below 20kV transformer at 10-30 should not be lower than 1.3 and 1.2 respectively. The insulation resistance should not be less than the specified value shown as following table. Allowable Insulation Resistance Value of Oil Immersed Transformer (M) Temperature High Voltage Winding Voltage 310kV 2035kV 60500kV 450 600 1200 300 400 800 200 270 540 130 180 360 90 120 240 60 80 160 40 50 100 25 35 70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Note: both medium and low voltage insulation resistance standard of identical transformer is the same as high voltage winding. When the measured insulation resistance value is unacceptable, report to shift-chief operator in time and contact with repairer to find out and eliminate fault source. After fault removal, restore transformer standby mode and put transformer into operation according to the dispatchers order. 7.2 7.2.1 Operation and Maintenance Preparation before Transformer Put into Operation
Before the transformer is put into operation, the work sheet of relevant electrical connection loop of transformer should be revoked, and moreover, disconnect ground wire and short circuit wire; make sure the transformer is intact and the loop is complete and meets operating condition, and besides do well the work as follows: a) Measure that transformer insulation resistance should be acceptable (for the repaired equipment, check electrical repair hand-over record book); b) Inspect that transformer tap is in correct position; both oil color and oil level of oil conservator are normal; each part of transformer body is free of oil impregnate and leakage; Gas relay valve should be opened and filled with oil; the interior should be free of gas and the covering hood should be intact; Inspect that cooler valve should be opened and each cooling device should be in good condition (after repair, the valve should be opened by repairer); cooler power source
c) d)
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interlocking and motor trial operation should be normal; e) Inspect that breather silica gel color should be normal; pressure relief valve should be intact and in reset state; permanent ground wire in each part of transformer should be firm and reliable. f) g) Inspect that transformer thermometer wiring is intact and setting temperature meets the requirement. Inspect that secondary loop equipment (control, pointer and protection device, etc.) should be intact; protection devices of transformer during normal operation should be put into operation correctly. Operation of Transformer The power interruption and transmission operation of transformer not only should comply with relevant electrical operation and accident treatment regulations but also should comply with the following requirements: 1) The transformer should be charged up from the power source side provided with protection device. In the case of power interruption, the power source-side switch provided with protection device should be disconnected finally. 2) Use fuse to put in or release transformer and strictly prohibit using knife-switch to put in or release transformer. 3) Before the forced oil circulating air cooling transformer is put into operation, start up cooling device first, after operation stop, the cooling device may be put out of operation. b) After coil replacement and overhaul, main transformer and high-voltage house service transformer must not be put into operation until raising voltage from zero by generator and checking that phase sequence is correct. Starting-standby transformer and low-voltage house service transformer after repair must not be put into operation until checking that phase sequence and charging are normal. The tap position of no-load regulating transformer should be adjusted in the case of taking safety measures after transformer power interruption. Besides, the uniformity of three-phase DC resistance should be measured and the tap change record should be kept. The voltage tap of on-load regulating switch of on-load regulating transformer may be switched during normal operation of transformer. During switching operation, pay attention to the following: 1) Give attention to tapping switch position indication, transformer current and voltage of any other side; 2) In principle, for on-load regulating switch, only operate a gear once and then with an internal of time, adjust the next gear; 3) When the transformer is overloaded, do not operate on-load tapping switch
7.2.2 a)
c)
d)
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frequently; 4)
The on-load regulating tapping switch is electrically operated in normal condition. When electric operation is out of order, it may be manually operated, but necessary safety measures should be taken.
7.2.3
When the on-load regulating tapping switch is manually operated, cranking 33 circles by hand every time is a tap; clockwise is voltage step-up direction and anticlockwise is voltage step-down direction. Operating procedure: take off connecting sleeve cover and switch off the power source of electrically operated mechanism; install the built-in handle crank to worm shaft for operation, after completion of switching, inspect that handle crank is just vertical upward and numerical value display is just right in the middle of indicating piece notch, and finally make connecting sleeve return to original state. The on-load regulating switch of transformer should be maintained and inspected according to the following requirements: The defilement degree of oil in change-over switch insulating cylinder should be inspected regularly. Usually, after operating about 1000 times under rated current, the oil sample should be assayed once and withstand voltage value of oil should not be less than 30kV. When withstand voltage value of oil is less than 30kV, it must be replaced with new oil. Even if withstand voltage value of oil exceeds 30kV, it must be also replaced with new oil once a year. The electrically operated mechanism should keep intact at all times. The gas protection and explosion-proof equipment of tapping switch should be intact, after they acts, and find out the reason.
7.2.4
a)
b) c)
7.2.5
The gas protection of transformer in operation or in hot reserve must be put in trip position and the gas protection of transformer in cold reserve may be put in signal position to facilitate monitoring oil level of transformer. When the oil level indicated on oil level gauge rises abnormally, the reason for oil level rise should be found out. Before gas protection trip strap is released, the opening of various gas discharge or oil drain plugs is prohibited to clean up moisture absorber or to do any other work so as to prevent gas protection misoperation trip. When the transformer operates in the following cases, heavy gas protection strap should be changed to signal from trip, after completion of operation, the gas protection should return to trip position. In the case of oil filling, oil filtering or replacing oil submerged pump; In the case of cleaning eyelets of breather or opening valves in any other position to discharge gas, drain oil or feed oil (except oil sampling and gas relay degassing); In the case of operating on gas protection secondary loop. In the above cases, transformer gas protection putting in trip or changing to signal must
7.2.6
7.2.7
a) b) c) d)
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be approved by shift-chief operator. 7.2.8 a) Operating Maintenance of Forced Oil Air Cooling Device of Transformer Before the forced oil circulating air cooling device is put into operation or during operation: 1) Inspect that the valves of cooler oil inlet and outlet tube connector should be opened; the radiator air intake is unobstructed and the inlet is clean. 2) Start up and inspect cooling device group by group: Rotation direction of oil submerged pump is correct and it is free of abnormal noise and obvious vibration during operation; Rotation direction of fan motor is correct and vanes are free of friction; The closing of each switch in cooler control box is in good condition, free of vibration and abnormal sound; The cooler is free of oil impregnate and leakage. 7.2.9 a) Inspection of Transformer During transformer operation, the attendant should monitor transformer operating condition according to pointer indication and should transcribe relevant transformer parameters once a hour in normal case. When the transformer operates in the case of overload or any other abnormal condition, strengthen monitoring the load, upper-layer oil temperature and coil temperature of transformer and reduce transcribing time interval. Inspection of Oil Immersed Transformer in Operation 1) Both oil level and oil color of transformer oil conservator and bushing should be normal; each part of transformer should be free of oil impregnate and leakage; 2) The bushing exterior should be clean, free of breakage crack, discharge track and any other abnormal phenomenon; 3) The sound in each part of transformer should be normal; 4) The temperature in each part of transformer is normal; the opening of oil system valve is correct; fan and oil pump are in normal operation; 5) Each joint of transformer primary loop has sound contact, free of heating; 6) Pressure relief valve or explosion proof pipe is intact; pressure relief valve is in reset state; 7) Gas relay should be free of gas and should be filled with oil; the valve of gas relay access to oil conservator should be opened; 8) Doors and windows of transformer cubicle should be complete; no water leakage and flowage exist in the cubicle, with sound lighting and ventilation;
b)
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9) Inspect that neutral point grounding resistance of transformer is free of overheating; 10) Tapping position of on-load tapping switch and power source indication should be normal; 11) Inspection of transformer neutral point ground resistor: A. It should be free of impurities in resistor; if there is much of dust, the dust should be cleaned off as soon as possible; B. Inspect whether the connection between resistor elements are sound; C. Inspect whether operating condition of insulation supporter is sound; D. Before the resistor still keep operating after the system breaks down, necessary inspection of resistor should be implemented carefully to remove hidden trouble. 7.2.10 Inspection of dry type transformer in operation: a) b) c) d) e) The temperature in each part of transformer should be normal and the temperature measuring device should be clean and intact. The transformer is free of abnormal sound, burnt odor and abnormal vibration. No water accumulation and leakage exist around the transformer; the casing is clean and free of impurities. Transformer cabinet door should be closed well. Transformer ventilation system is sound and the fan is in good condition.
7.2.11 Special inspection of transformer: a) b) After gas and differential protections act, perform inspection immediately; increase inspection times in the case of abnormal operation. In rainy, snowy or foggy day, inspect whether transformer joints have steaming and melting or whether flashover discharge is serious; the bushing should be free of breakage and burnt track and the insulator has no the icicle causing flashover. In strong wind weather, inspect that upper outgoing line of transformer should be free of severe oscillation and looseness; the top cover and surrounding are free of impurities. When air temperature changes suddenly, perform special inspection of transformer oil level and operating condition of cooling device and inspect whether overheating or icing exists. In the case of overloading, monitor the change of load, oil temperature and oil level; joint contact should be sound and free of overheating; the cooling system should be in normal operation. After short circuit fault, inspect whether relevant joints are deformed and inject oil; inspect whether transformer neutral point or discharging gap has burnt track.
c) d)
e)
f)
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7.3 7.3.1 a)
Abnormal Operation and Trouble Disposal of Transformer Disposal of Abnormal Operation of Transformer During transformer operation, in case any abnormal condition is found (such as oil leakage, inadequate oil conservator level, overheating and abnormal sound), make an attempt to eliminate the abnormal condition as soon as possible and report to higher-level leader. If the abnormal condition can not be eliminated until the transformer is stopped, and has the probability of threatening equipment and system safety, the transformer should be stopped immediately. If standby transformer is available, it should be put into operation as soon as possible. In any case as follows, first of all, contact 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) with repairer and then stop the transformer:
b)
The crack, oil seepage, discharge and trace happen. The falling object above transformer endangers safety and can not be removed until the power source is interrupted. The oil leaks severely. The load, ambient environmental temperature and cooling condition have no obvious change, but the temperature of transformer rises abnormally. The transformer oil color changes suddenly; or becomes dark and turbid and the viscosity increases, or the oil is unacceptable through periodical assay. The sound is abnormal, but no discharging sound is made. Each lead terminal is loose, generates heat and turns color. On-load regulating device is out of order; tap adjustment is out of control and the tap can not be manually adjusted to be normal. All main protections of transformer are out of operation.
10) In the above cases, if conditions permit, put standby transformer into operation; if no standby transformer is available, stop transformer operation as soon as possible. c) Stop the transformer operation immediately in any case as follows: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Transformer internal sound is relatively large and uneven, with crackling sound; Under normal load and cooling conditions, transformer temperature is abnormal and is on the rise; Oil conservator or pressure relief valve injects oil; Oil quality change is exaggerated and the oil has been carbonized; The bushing has serious breakage and discharging; The oil leaks heavily and the oil level drops to be lower than indication limit of oil level gauge; The transformer is on fire.
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d)
When the oil temperature rise of transformer in operation exceeds allowable value, find out the reason and take measures to reduce oil temperature, and moreover, do well the work as follows: 1) 2) 3) Inspect the load of transformer and temperature of cooling medium and check the due oil temperature value under the load and cooling medium temperature; Check the indicated temperature value of remote and local thermometers of transformer; Inspect whether transformer ventilation and cooling devices are normal.
If the temperature increase is caused by abnormality of cooling system, try to put cooling system into normal operation. If the abnormality of cooling system can not be eliminated during operation, adjust transformer load to relevant capacity according to the specifications of this manual, till the transformer stops to eliminate the defect. If no problem is found through above inspection, transformer oil temperature is over 10 higher than in normal condition under the same load and cooling temperature, or transformer load does not change, but oil temperature is on the rise, the transformer has had internal fault, so the transformer operation must be stopped immediately. e) Abnormal oil level of transformer 1) When the oil level of transformer is greatly lower than the oil level corresponding to oil temperature of the time, the oil should be filled immediately according to relevant regulations of this manual. When the oil level drops quickly due to much of oil leakage, prohibit changing gas protection to only acting on signal and take the measures for stopping oil leakage quickly, and moreover, report to higher-level leader and fill oil immediately. If the oil leakage can not be eliminated and the oil level has been down to lower limit, the transformer should be out of operation. If transformer oil level drops due to relatively low temperature, in order to avoid dropping to below oil level gauge, the operation mode of cooling device should be adjusted according to the load of the time so as to keep transformer oil temperature and oil level within specified range. 2) When transformer oil level is on the rise because of temperature increase, if the oil level at maximum oil temperature is higher than oil level indicating gauge, the oil should be drained to lower oil level to proper height and avoid oil spill. When transformer oil level rises abnormally arising from breath sealing system blocking or the oil spills out of breather, immediately notify the repairer and report to higher-level leader, and moreover, take effective measures to eliminate the fault. When the above-mentioned oil level is abnormal and the indication of oil level gauge is false oil level, thus any oil drain is forbidden before transformer breather returns to normal. 3) In case oil level is abnormal, monitor closely the oil level gauge of transformer and the change of oil temperature and report to relevant leader in time.
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7.3.2 Trouble Disposal
7.3.2.1 When transformer gas protection acts and makes a signal, inspect the transformer immediately and find out the reason for gas signaling; inspect whether it is caused by air invasion in transformer, or oil level drop, or secondary loop fault. When the transformer has no external fault signs, the gas sample in gas relay should be taken for test analysis. If the gas is combustible and the chromatographic analysis is abnormal, it shows that the transformer has internal fault and must be stopped for repair. During the above disposal, attention should be paid to time interval of gas signaling, if the interval time is shortened successively, it shows that the transformer may trip, and here the gas protection is prohibited to be changed to signal; if standby transformer is available, put it into operation and report to leader immediately to stop the transformer operation. 7.3.2.2 When the gas protection acts and trips, fully inspect transformer and take gas sample for testing. The transformer should not be put into operation until the transformer is inspected fully and the test is acceptable. 7.3.2.3 When the gas protection acts and makes a signal, but the switch does not trip, it usually arises from: Air enters into transformer due to oil filtering, oil filling or untight cooling system; Oil level drops slowly due to temperature reduction or oil leakage; Negative pressure is formed due to breathing system clogging; a little gas is generated due to transformer fault; It is caused by crossing short circuit fault. 7.3.2.4 After the pressure relief valve of transformer in operation acts, the mechanical-electrical signal of relief valve should be reset manually. 7.3.2.5 Automatic Trip When the transformer trips, if available, put standby transformer into operation immediately and then inspect protection to find out which protection acts; the tripping reason of transformer may be determined according to operating condition of protection and external conditions (such as external short circuit and transformer overload, etc.) when the transformer trips; When main protection (such as gas or differential protection) of transformer acts, external inspection of the equipment within protection range must be performed to find out internal fault signs and the insulation resistance of coil should be measured to find out the tripping reason of transformer. If the transformer has internal fault signs, internal inspection should be performed. If it is ascertained that transformer trip is not caused by internal fault but external fault resulting in overcurrent protection act or secondary loop fault. The external inspection of transformer may not be performed to immediately raise voltage from zero or impact closing and put transformer into operation. 7.3.2.6 Disposal of Transformer Fire
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Immediately cut off power supply and extinguish the fire by use of dry powder, carbon dioxide and 1211 fire extinguishers, and moreover, notify fire department. The liquid is strictly prohibited to be used to extinguish the fire in case the power supply is not cut off. Stop transformer cooling device. If transformer top cover catches fire, open emergency oil drain valve to drain oil and make oil level lower than the position on fire, and moreover, the flame can not be gotten out. If it is caused by internal fault of transformer, the oil can not be drained to prevent transformer explosion.
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8
8.1 8.1.1
Auxiliaries Electricity System

Operation Mode of 6kV System 1 and 2 turbine-boiler is a unit system. Each set of turbine-boiler is equipped with A and B-section 6kV operating busbar and is supplied with electricity respectively by both split windings at low voltage side of high-voltage house service operating transformer. Two sets of auxiliary equipment of 1 and 2 turbine-boiler are tapped to A and B-section busbar. During normal operation, 6kV operating busbar is supplied with electricity by high-voltage house service operating transformer and standby power source is in hot reserve. During normal operation, 01# starting-standby transformer is in charging standby state and used as standby power source of 1 and 2 units. Standby power switch of 6kV busbar is in hot reserve in normal condition. Before the generator starts, the auxiliary power of 1 and 2 turbines are supplied by high-voltage house service operating transformer of the generator. When 6kV auxiliary operating power source fails to supply power to the section, the power is supplied by relevant standby power source. The common 0A-section operating power switch in 1 turbine 6kV1A section, common 0A-section standby power switch in 2 turbine 6kV2A section, common 0B-section standby power switch in 1 turbine 6kV1B section and common 0B-section operating power switch in 2 turbine 6kV2B section are all in operating state; both operating source incoming line switch in common 6kV0A section and operating source incoming line switch in common 6kV0B section are in operating state; both standby source incoming line switch in common 6kV0A section and standby source incoming line switch in common 6kV0B section are in hot reserve; common 6kV0A section and common 6kV0B section PT is put into operation.
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.1.6
The desulphurization 1-section operating power switch in 1 turbine desulphurization 6kV1A section, desulphurization 1-section standby power switch in 1 turbine desulphurization 6kV1B section, desulphurization 2-section operating power switch in 2 turbine desulphurization 6kV2A section and desulphurization 2-section standby power switch in 2 turbine desulphurization 6kV2B section are all in operating state; both operating source incoming line switch in desulphurization 6kV1 section and operating source incoming line switch in desulphurization 6kV2 section are in operating state; both standby source incoming line switch in desulphurization 6kV1section and standby source incoming line switch in desulphurization 6kV2 section are in hot reserve; desulphurization 6kV1 section and desulphurization 6kV2 section PT is put into operation.
8.2
Operation Mode of 400V System
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8.2.1
The auxiliary power of the unit plant is supplied by 6kV operating busbar. 6kV operating busbar of each unit is connected with two steam turbine transformers, two boiler transformers, one lighting transformer and two electric dust collecting transformers. 6kV common busbar of two units is totally connected with two ash handling transformers, two common transformers, two coal handling transformers, two water supply transformers, two circulating water transformers, one ash yard transformer, two chemical water transformers and two administrative zone transformers. The power source of two steam turbine transformers is respectively connected to 6kV 1 2A and 12B section. In normal condition, 400V PC busbar of each steam turbine is supplied with power by respective steam turbine transformer; in normal condition, two steam turbine transformers are in operation and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in hot reserve. When a steam turbine changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source; two steam turbine transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system. The power source of two boiler transformers is respectively connected to 6kV 1 2 A and 12B section. In normal condition, 400V PC busbar of each boiler is supplied with power by respective boiler transformer; in normal condition, two boiler transformers are in operation and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in hot reserve. When a boiler changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source; two boiler transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system.
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
The power source of two electric dust collecting transformers is respectively connected to 6kV 12A and 12B section. In normal condition, two electric dust collecting transformers are in operation and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in hot reserve. Two electric dust collecting transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system. Each set of turbine-boiler is equipped with one lighting transformer and the power source is connected to 6kV12A section. In normal condition, each lighting transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When a lighting transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two lighting transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. Ash yard PCA section: the power source is supplied by ash yard transformer in 6kV common 0A section; Common PC section: in normal condition, each common transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When a common transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put
8.2.5
8.2.6 8.2.7
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into operation manually to provide power source. Two common transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. 8.2.8 Ash handling PC section: in normal condition, each ash handling transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When an ash handling transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two ash handling transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. Chemical water PC section: in normal condition, each chemical water transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When a chemical water transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two chemical water transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off.
8.2.9
8.2.10 Coal handling PC section: in normal condition, each coal handling transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When a coal handling transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two coal handling transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. 8.2.11 Water supply PC section: in normal condition, each water supply transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When a water supply transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two water supply transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. 8.2.12 Circulating water PC section: in normal condition, each circulating water transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When a circulating water transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two circulating water transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be
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prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. 8.2.13 Administrative zone management PC section: in normal condition, each administrative zone management transformer is in operating state and 400V busbar interconnection switch is in cold reserve. When an administrative zone management transformer changes to tripping or stops abnormally, 400V busbar interconnection switch may be put into operation manually to provide power source. Two administrative zone management transformers may be in parallel operation for short time when their 6kV power source sides are all in a power source system; the parallel operation may be prohibited when their 6kV power source sides are not in a power source system, and here it should be operated by means of power turn-off. 8.2.14 The operating power source of 400V safety PC A and B sections are respectively connected to 400V boiler PC A and B sections by means of two sets of switches; a set of switch is available between #1 and 2 turbine 400V safety PC 0 section, to form interconnection loop, and in normal condition, interconnection switch is in cold reserve and diesel-engine generator unit is in hot reserve; the power source may be supplied respectively to safety PC A and B sections by means of 400V safety 0 section. 8.2.15 Normal power supply mode of 400V MCC power control box: all MCC workshop panels (XA) are supplied with power by unit plant auxiliary PC A section and all MCC workshop panels (XB) are supplied with power by unit plant auxiliary PC B section. 400V MCC power control box with double loop power supply operates within open loop in the middle, if no breaker point is available in the middle, one side is used to supply power and the other side is standby. 8.3 8.3.1 a) Electric Switching Operation Requirements of switching operation: The switching operation of 500kV and 220kV system and change of operation mode should be implemented according to the dispatcher and shift-chief operators order. The operation of auxiliary power system and change of operation mode should be implemented according to the shift-chief operators order and the persons concerned should be notified; . Before the operation order sheet is implemented, it should be checked on DCS or electric system diagram; After the equipment is repaired, the person in charge of repair work must indicate clearly on equipment repair sheet whether the equipment can be put into operation or not, and sign on the sheet, and then the attendant can perform switching operation; Before equipment energization operation, withdraw all work sheets; remove safety measures of repair equipment; restore fixed shade and railings and permanent warning board; fully inspect equipment and affiliated loop to ensure the loop has the conditions of put into operation; All switching operations should strictly comply with relevant requirements of Working
b) c)
d)
e)
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f)
Regulation of Power Safety and electric switching operation management system; Normal switching operation should not be performed as much as possible during shift handover (trouble disposal and other operations should be performed in time according to specific circumstances). Principles of switching operation: When the power switching operation is performed between 01# starting-standby transformer and 1# (2#) high-voltage house service operating transformer, it is only allowed to adopt in-series switching (power interruption switching) mode; During power source switching between 6kV busbar and 400V busbar, when both 6kV busbar and 400V busbar are in synchronous operation, short-time parallel operation is allowed but long-time parallel operation is not allowed for power source switching. And here the operating transformer used for two-section operation should not be overloaded. For the special panel with power source from 400V one and the same busbar, it is allowed to switch power source from special panel side with parallel loop; for the special panel with power source from 400V different-section busbar, the parallel loop is forbidden from special panel. If the power source switching is needed, the turbine-boiler personnel should be notified to adopt instantaneous power interruption method. The loop equipped with SF6, vacuum and air switches must be cut off by means of switch or switch on load current during switch opening and closing operation and the knife switch is forbidden to be used to switch on and off load current; power failure switching-off must be operated in regular sequence of switch, load-side knife-switch and busbar-side knife-switch and the switching-on should be operated to the contrary; Before switching off and switching on, it must be ascertained that the loop switch is in off position (except changeover busbar operation). Actual opening and closing position of switch can not be judged only from the signal displayed on DCS and pointer indication and should be determined according to actual mechanism position of switch; generally, the hand trip with load is forbidden to make 6kV vacuum switch trip; Loop system running in synchronization and running out of synchronization should be operated by means of switch and the knife-switch is forbidden; for the switching operation, the consideration should be given to the probability of overloading of parallel loop circuit and transformer and whether the operation is reliable and the trouble disposal is convenient; For the transformer and cable newly installed or the work that may change phase sequence and phase has been done, the phase must be checked before energization; In the process of switch opening and closing operation, the indicator light, instrument and relevant signal should be observed carefully to verify the correctness of switch motion; During switching operation, the use of relevant relaying protection and automatic device
8.3.2 a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
i)
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should comply with the requirements in the part of relaying protection and automatic device in this manual; j) The switch with synchronous closing should be closed after synchronous function is put into operation. When it is on voltage only at one side of switch, the synchronous block function should not be released until approved by shift-chief operator. Power interruption and energization operation: 1) 2) Before the knife-switch or vacuum switch is opened or closed to interrupt or energize power, it must be inspected that the switch should be in off state; Strictly prohibit opening and closing the knife-switch on load; the installed electrical and mechanical (anti-misoperation) blocking devices should not be put out of operation at random; When the power is interrupted, firstly, open the switch; secondly, open the load-side knife switch; then open the busbar-side knife switch; energization operation sequence is opposite to power interruption; In operation process, when it is found that the knife switch is opened (closed) by mistake, it is not allowed to reclose (reopen) the knife switch that should not be closed (opened) until the safety measures are taken.
k)
3)
4)
n)
Looping operation: 1) 2) System looping-in operation must meet the following conditions: the same phase, the same phase sequence, the same frequency and equal voltage; During looping-in operation, for the switch with synchronization checking, the synchronization should be checked before looping in; for the switch without synchronization checking, it should be in ring network state through inspection before looping in; Before looping-off and looping-in operation, voltage fluctuation should not exceed specified value; pay attention to power flow distribution and inspect whether some electric elements are overloaded, etc.
3)
o)
Impact closing operation: 4) Before the equipment such as transformer and busbar is installed and put into operation and after overhaul, the full voltage surge should be performed according to relevant regulations. When the conditions permit, it should be charged up by means of raising voltage from zero as much as possible; After the equipment such as transformer and busbar trips out of service, the full voltage surge may be performed according to relevant regulations. When the conditions permit, it should be charged up by means of raising voltage from zero as much as possible; During impact closing operation, the attention should be paid to the following: impact closing switch should have enough breaking capacity and the times of fault trip
5)
6)
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should be within specified range; protection device of impact closing switch should be complete and put into operation and automatic reclosing should be stopped, when necessary, the settings of protection device may be reduced before impact closing; the power source that has a little impact on stability should be selected as much as possible as impact closing power source, when necessary, the interconnection line power flow should be inspected and adjusted; When the transformer in neutral point grounding system is impacted, the neutral point should be grounded. p) During raising voltage from zero, the attention should be paid to the following: 1) 2) 3) q) The equipment of which voltage is raised should have complete protection device; When the generator voltage is stepped up, the manual step-up mode should be adopted and the forced excitation device should be stopped; When the voltage of transformer of neutral point grounding system is stepped up, the neutral point must be grounded.
Operation allowable by means of knife switch: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Open and close the fault-free no-load busbar and the equipment capacitance current of connecting to busbar directly by means of knife switch; Open and close the voltage transformer in fault-free condition; Open and close the impedance-free parallel branch on the principle of equal potential; Open and close the loop equalizing current not more than 70in 10kV and below system; Open and close the transformer neutral point grounding knife switch when the system has no ground fault; Open and close the no-load transformer with excitation current nor more than 2 and the no-load line with capacitance current not more than 5.
r)
The double-circuit power source of each MCC, special switchboard and thermal controlled distribution box is not allowed in parallel operation. Only in switching process, short-time parallel operation is allowed when they are in one and the same power source system through inspection; When switching the auxiliary power by means of short-time parallel operation, the following should be met: 1) 2) 3) The voltage difference between 6kV auxiliary power to be switched should not exceed 10; During auxiliary power switching, pay attention to system parallel condition to prevent non-synchronous parallel. Put-in and release of standby power source automatic put-in device of auxiliary
s)
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power system: when standby power source is in hot reserve, automatic put-in switch should be in put-in position; before standby power source is closed manually or after closed automatically, or before is out of standby, automatic put-in switch should be in release position; when 6kV system standby power source is normal, the quick change-over device starting mode button should be switched to unblock state; when no standby power source is available, starting mode button should be switched to block state. t) Power interruption and energization operation of 6kV busbar voltage transformer: when the power is interrupted, switch the auxiliary power quick change-over device button of the busbar of the voltage transformer to block state; open the low voltage protection DC switch of the busbar of the PT with power to be interrupted and open the low voltage AC switch of the PT with power to be interrupted; pull the PT plug-in car with power to be interrupted, to test or repair position. The operation sequence of energization is opposite to the power interruption. Power interruption operation of 400V busbar voltage transformer: open the low voltage protection DC switch of the busbar; open the switch cabinet of PT; open the secondary switch of PT with power to be interrupted; take of primary-side cutout (according to work demand). The operation sequence of energization is opposite to the power interruption. Open the circuit breaker to make generator running out of synchronization with system or two systems, firstly, inspect load distribution condition and adjust as much as possible to make active and reactive load of circuit breaker running out of synchronization, equal to or near to 0;
u)
v)
w) Open the circuit breaker to interrupt the power of any loop line of double loops, firstly, inspect that the other loop line is not overloaded; x) Close the circuit breaker to make generator running in synchronization with system or one system running in synchronization with the other system, firstly, put synchronizing device into operation and make parallel after being synchronous through checking or inspect that the system to be switch on (such as double-source line) is no voltage. Sequence of opening and closing of isolators at both sides of circuit breaker: during power interruption, firstly, open the circuit breaker; secondly, open the load-side isolator; finally, open the power source-side isolator. During energization, the sequence is opposite to that of power interruption; Before opening and closing the isolator in unit loop, inspect that circuit breaker is in tripping position; after the isolator is opened, inspect that it has tripped off without doubt; after the isolator is closed, inspect that the closing is in good condition;
y)
z)
aa) The isolator should be closed quickly and decidedly: when the isolator is closed by mistake (e.g. the isolator is closed in the loop with short circuit fault or short circuit line, or non-synchronous system is connected), in any case (no matter one phase, two phases or three phases are closed), it is not allowed to reopen the closed isolator that should not be reopened until the loop is disconnected by circuit breaker or is cross-connected;
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bb) When the isolator is opened manually, the operation should be slow and cautious and particularly when the isolator contact is disconnected just now, and here if violent electric arc arises from wrong opening of isolator, perform reverse operation immediately to close the isolator and stop operation to find out the reason; if the electric arc is caused by switching off the no-load current of no-load line, no-load busbar and small-capacity no-load transformer or the capacitance current of small-capacity no-load capacitor, the isolator should be opened quickly; cc) When 500kV and 220kV isolator power source is interrupted normally, the isolator is put in during operation and should be opened immediately after operation; dd) Operation sequence of control power switch: during power interruption, the control power switch should be opened after both circuit breaker and isolator are opened; during energization, the control power switch should be closed before both isolator and circuit breaker are closed; ee) For the circuit only with cutout and isolator, , firstly, put in cutout; secondly, close the isolator; during power interruption, the operation sequence is opposite to that during energization; ff) Put-in and release of relaying protection strap: before the equipment (or line) is put in standby or the circuit breaker is closed for energization, inspect that relevant protection strap has been put in; after the equipment (or line) is put out of standby, whether to put protection strap out of operation should be implemented according to relevant regulations of relaying protection and automatic device in this manual or relevant notice, and if no specified regulations are available, the protection strap is usually not put out of operation;
gg) If the voltage transformer must be stopped due to fault or the secondary side low voltage fuse must be taken off (or secondary subswitch must be opened) during operation, it must be approved by shift-chief operator (unless the operation must exit immediately for fault disposal). When the power interruption of the voltage transformer may cause loss of voltage of relevant secondary voltage loop, first of all, the low voltage protection and automatic device (such as low voltage, low voltage overcurrent, distance protection, forced excitation device) of secondary voltage supplied by voltage transformer should be put out of operation before power interruption; after the voltage transformer returns to normal, the above protection and automatic device should be put into operation immediately. hh) After generator running out of synchronization and stop, if the generator is in hot reserve, the generator outlet switch, excitation switch and generator outlet isolator should be opened; if the generator is in cold reserve, the affiliated voltage transformer should be pulled to repair position and the low voltage subswitch of voltage transformer and excitation starting power source should be opened; ii) The high voltage auxiliary power source switching operation of unit should be by use of auxiliary power quick change-over device. If the auxiliary power quick change-over device is out of operation due to fault, the auxiliary power source should be switched by the following method: closing before opening when operating auxiliary transformer and
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standby auxiliary transformer are synchronous; opening before closing when they are non-synchronous (generally, strive for synchronous switching as much as possible). During power regulation, the condition of starting-standby transformer with on-load voltage regulating should be utilized to reduce circulating current influence caused by 6kV side voltage difference; jj) Connection and removal sequence of ground wire (including grounding isolator): the ground wire is connected after all power-interruption switching operations are completed and no voltage is proved through check; the ground wire is removed before all energization switching operations. Before repair equipment changes to operation (or standby) and after the safety measures are removed, the whole energization loop should be free of short circuit connection through inspection. Before the line grounding isolator is opened or closed, an order should be given by the dispatcher;
kk) The MCC power distribution cabinet supplied with power by two power sources should exchange power source by means of power interruption and the parallel operation is forbidden to avoid arc light short circuit when opening the isolator to switch off circulating current. And moreover, opening or closing the knife-switch on load should be prevented to avoid accident. 8.4 8.4.1 a) Abnormal Conditions and Disposal General Regulations of Accident Disposal Primary task: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) b) c) Control accident spread as soon as possible; eliminate accident source and remove the danger to equipment and persons. Take measures to ensure auxiliary power and main machine are in normal operation to prevent accident spread. Keep equipment in operation by any possible method to ensure normal power supply for users. Restore power supply for the users with power interruption as soon as possible. When the accident has been controlled and trends to be stable, adjust operation mode to be sound and make system return to normal.
During accident disposal, the shift-chief operator is commander of accident disposal and leads all attendants to perform accident disposal and operation. When an accident happens to electrical system, the attendants should judge and treat the accident in the following sequence. 1) Judge the character of accident according to pointer and CRT display, alarm window signal, whether impact oscillation existing in system, operating condition of relaying protection and automatic device, computer print record and equipment exterior sign. Ascertain fault position and scope through full inspection and test of equipment.
2)
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3)
If the fault endangers persons and equipment, the measures should be taken immediately to remove the threat. When necessary, the equipment should be stopped; if no threat against persons and equipment exists, every effort should be made to keep and restore normal operation of equipment. Guarantee the safe operation of fault-free equipment. Pay special attention to isolate the equipment not influenced directly; when necessary, start up standby equipment. For the fault equipment, after the fault position and scope are determined, the attendant should take on-site safety measures to facilitate first-aid repair by repairers. In order to prevent accident spread and avoid disorder in disposal process, each process of accident disposal must be initiatively reported to shift-chief operator or higher-level leader quickly and correctly.
4) 5)
6)
d)
In order to prevent accident spread and treat the accident quickly, the attendant may perform the following operations in an emergency and then report to shift-chief operator or higher-level leader 1) 2) 3) 4) Cut off the power supply of damaged equipment or the equipment with direct threat against persons and equipment. Isolate the in-service equipment with damage threat. When busbar voltage vanishes, open the switch connected to the busbar. Restore the power supply after auxiliary power is interrupted in part or all.
e)
After the busbar fails to operate, the busbar must be inspected and all switches connected to the busbar must be shut off before voltage stepping up or impact test. If some one is working on power distribution switchgear at that time, the person should be notified to leave before voltage stepping up or impacting. The accident must be treated quickly, correctly and unhurriedly with deliberation. Or else, the accident may spread. When accepting an order of accident disposal, the attendant must repeat the order to the person who gives an order; the attendant should ask clearly if not understanding the order or having no notion of intention. The attendant should not execute the order until a disposal order given by the leader that the attendant is familiar to is accepted. After the order is executed, the attendant should report to the person that gives an order immediately. The person that gives an order should be familiar to the person that accepts the order and require the order accepter to repeat the order. If the next order of accident disposal must be determined according to execution condition of the preceding order, the person that gives an order should wait for the report of order accepter in person, which should not be transmitted through the third person, and moreover, it is not allowed to judge the execution condition of order according to pointer indication. When an accident happens, the indication of pointer and signal should be monitored
f) g)
h)
i)
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carefully. Some one among attendants in main control room should record the execution time of each operation (in particular the precedence order) and the phenomenon relating to accident. j) When an accident happens during relief of a shift, the shift handover persons should remain in own work post. The shift takeover persons must coordinate to treat the disposal under unified command of shift-chief operator and chief operator. After the accident disposal ends and all returns to normal, the shift-chief operator or department leader gives an order to change the shift in a unified way. After completion of accident disposal, the on-duty person in charge should make the observed phenomenon and the condition of accident disposal filled in log book according to the facts so as to facilitate analyzing accident and finding out the reason. After a switch trips, if the switch is closed manually in a the following: 1) forced way, pay attention to
k)
l)
The attention should be paid to voltage, current and system impact condition to facilitate distinguishing whether a fault exists. If a fault happens, the switch closed forcedly should be opened immediately. If it is found that equipment has fault symptom such as smoking, firing and arc light, the forced closing is forbidden. When the tripping switch is closed forcedly, the condition should be given to equipment skip tripping accident. In general principle, the above accident disposal should be executed according to the character of accident and specific circumstances.
2) 3) 4)
8.4.2 a)
Disposal of 6kV Auxiliary Power System Faults and Abnormal Conditions 6kV auxiliary busbar operating power switch trips and standby power switch is automatically put in successfully 1) Inspect that 6kV auxiliary busbar voltage indication should be normal; reset flash switch and audible signal; remove the quick change-over device of the section of busbar. 2) Inspect protection operating condition and find out fault source, and moreover, perform necessary inspection for tripping switch; if it belongs to misoperation trip, find out misoperation reason and then return to normal.
b) Disposal of 6kV auxiliary busbar power failure 1) Immediately inspect switch tripping reason and protection operating condition and report to shift-chief operator and chief operator; carry unit load according to physical circumstances on site. 2) In case the operating power switch trips and automatic put-in is unsuccessful, and moreover, no branch quick-break and zero sequence overcurrent blocking signal is made, the standby power switch should be closed immediately.
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3) When no standby power source is available or the power is supplied by standby power switch, the power supply switch trips, it is allowed to close forcedly the current power supply switch in case no gas or differential protection acts. Or it should be treated according to busbar power interruption till shutdown. 4) If the power switch trips again after automatic put-in or forced closing, it is not allowed to energize the fault busbar forcedly once more and the fault busbar and affiliated loop should be inspected, and moreover, the insulation of busbar and relevant loop should be measured. In case an obvious fault point is available, try to remove fault point and restore power supply for busbar, and moreover, notify repairer to rush to repair fault equipment. In case no obvious fault point is available, open all load switches connected to fault busbar and energize on trial by standby power switch. After trial energization succeeds, energize power- failure load successively; when some loop switch is closed, standby power switch trips again, the loop should be powered off to change to repair; restore the operation mode before 6kV busbar breaks down. 5) When 6kV busbar power fails, auxiliary 400V busbar power failure disposal may comply with requirements of 400V busbar power failure disposal. Make a report and keep records in time in disposal process. c) 6kV busbar single-phase grounding 1) When the high voltage house service operating transformer is in operation with a section of 6kV busbar and single-phase grounding happens to 6kV busbar, the operating power switch of 6kV1A(2A) or 1B(2B)-section busbar trips within 1.5s and the auxiliary quick change-over device of relevant section is blocked. And here 6kV busbar with single-phase grounding will lose the power and the fault should be treated according to the circumstances of 6kV busbar power failure. 2) When 01# starting-standby transformer is in operation with 6kV busbar and single-phase grounding happens to 6kV busbar, the branch trips within 3.0s, i.e. 6kV1A(1B)-section standby power switch or 6kV2A(2B)-section busbar standby power switch trips; all are shut off within 3.5s, i.e. high voltage-side switch of 01# starting-standby transformer and 6kV1A(1B)-section busbar standby power switch or 6kV2A(2B)-section busbar standby power switch trip. And here, if 01# starting-standby transformer is in operation with a machine, the 6kV auxiliary power of the machine will vanish entirely; if low voltage branch zero sequence of 01# starting-standby transformer acts within 3.0s, the fault 6kV busbar section may be isolated and then another section is used for energization to ensure auxiliary power; if low voltage branch of 01# starting-standby transformer acts within 3.5s, the diesel-engine generator will be used to provide standby power source for safety PC section.
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8.4.3 a)
Disposal of 400V Auxiliary Power Busbar Fault Disposal of 400V auxiliary busbar power failure 1) Immediately inspect switch tripping reason and protection operating condition and report to shift-chief operator and chief operator; carry unit load according to physical circumstances on site. 2) If it is misoperation tripping, restore power supply for power failure busbar immediately. 3) If 400V busbar power failure arises from 6kV busbar power failure or auxiliary transformer protection act, after inspecting and opening busbar operating power switch, close the 400V busbar interconnection switch and restore power supply for power failure busbar. 4) Inspect power failure busbar and affiliated loop. If no obvious fault point is found out, open all load switches connected to busbar and measure busbar insulation that is normal, and then energize busbar on trial by low voltage transformer, if it is normal, respectively measure branch insulation that is acceptable and then recover power supply for branch load. If an obvious fault point is found out, isolate it immediately and then recover normal operation mode of power failure busbar, and moreover, notify repairers for first-aid repair. 5) If the busbar breaks down and can not recover from fault, each MCC and switchboard on fault busbar may be switched to another busbar for power supply (firstly, switch off normal power supply loop; secondly, switch on standby loop). 6) When 400V boiler PC-section busbar power fails, pay attention to operating condition of 400V safety-section busbar.
9
9.1
DC System
Description Each unit is provided with two groups of 220V battery installed in electrical building and one group of common 220V battery installed in central control building. The battery adopts valve-controlled lead-acid battery. 220V storage battery supplies power to hot operation of the unit, electrical control, signal, power of the unit, emergency lighting, UPS system, relaying protection and automatic device, etc. 220V common storage battery supplies power to common relay room, etc. 220V DC system of 1 and 2# units is respectively provided with two high-frequency switch power supply charging devices and 220V common DC system of 1 and 2# units is respectively provided with one high-frequency switch power supply charging device. An interconnection line is installed between two groups of 220V DC system of each unit and between two groups of 220V common DC system of two units. The switching operation of power supply mode may be performed by means of interconnection switch. 220V DC system is provided with DC branch panel in the position with relatively
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
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centralized load. Branch panel busbar is supplied with power by DC panel main busbar through double loops and any other DC load is supplied with power from DC panel by means of radial feeder line. 9.1.4 220V battery for 1 and 2# units adopts valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery and operates by means of floating charge. There are 104 220V storage batteries with capacity of 1500Ah in each group for each unit and there are 104 common 220V storage batteries with capacity of 400Ah. Operation and Maintenance Operation Regulations of DC System Power DC network supplies power radially. Control DC network supplies power by means of ring net. All interconnection switches of control DC network must operate in open circuit in normal mode; when the power switch at one side fails and trips, the power may be supplied by power switch at the other side through interconnection switch. When any busbar charging device is put out of operation for some reason and the power may be supplied singly by battery within short time, if the time is relatively long, the charging device on another busbar may be put into operation instead to provide power supply for the load on the busbar and charge up battery in a floating way. When DC control busbars are in operation respectively, the parallel loop is forbidden on the side of load that is not in the same busbar. If the power source switching is needed for busbar, the short-time power interruption method should be avoided as much as possible. When DC system is in operation, the insulation monitoring device should be put into operation. Before DC oil pump starts, inspect that DC busbar voltage should be within allowable range; After DC oil pump stops, inspect that DC busbar voltage should be within allowable range. It is not allowed that DC busbar operates singly separating from battery. When in-service high frequency power switch type charging device fails, the battery may provide power supply for load within short time, but the high frequency power switch type charging device (normal) should recover from fault and be put into operation as soon as possible. When the faulty high frequency power switch type charging device can not be put into operation within short time, the charging device on another busbar may be put into operation instead to provide power supply for the load on the busbar and charge up battery in a floating way. Any load with power supply by double loops should operate with open loop no matter whether power source side is in the same busbar; the power is supplied respectively and parallel operation is not allowed.
9.2 9.2.1
a) b) c)
d)
e) f) g) h)
i) j)
k)
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l)
Any parallel operation of DC system must not be performed until the polarity in parallel point is correct through checking and voltage difference meets the conditions.
m) Generally, the allowable fluctuation range of 220V DC busbar voltage should be within 5 of rated value. n) o) When the storage battery is in floating charge operating state, the voltage of each battery should be within 2.152.20V. Monitoring and inspection of DC system operation: 1) During normal operation, DC busbar voltage should be within 225235V. 2) Input voltage of high frequency power switch is within 380V10 and 50HZ0.5Hz. Output of charging device should meet the requirements of busbar voltage and floating charge current. 3) Periodic charge, discharge and maintenance work of battery should be done by repair technicians. 4) Each DC busbar is provided with a group of insulation inspection device used to monitor the busbar insulation against ground. When the insulation reduces to certain value, DC busbar insulation reduction signal will be made, and here the reason should be found out in time. p) The attendant should inspect the appearance of battery twice when on duty. When the weather changes, the attendant should strengthen inspection at any moment. Inspection items are as follows: 1) Indoor temperature, ventilation and lighting should be in good condition. 2) Battery appearance should be clean; terminal, casing and cover should be free of breakage and overheat trace. 3) It should be clean and free of impurities in battery room. 4) Open flame is forbidden in battery room. 5) When strong sour odor arises in battery room, indoor ventilator should be turned on till the air returns to normal. q) Inspection of high frequency power switch type charging device, DC panel and insulation monitoring device 1) Inspect that each pointer and signal indication on DC panel should be normal. 2) Measure positive and negative voltage to ground and the insulation should be acceptable. 3) Each knife-switch, switch and button on DC panel should conform to operating state. 4) Inspect that each joint should be free of looseness and overheat; the fuse should be intact.
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5) DC busbar voltage and floating charge current should be normal. 6) Each component of thyristor rectifier device should be free of overheat. 7) Insulation monitoring device should be in normal operation, without abnormal alarm. r) Inspection of DC system busbar in operation 1) System insulation is sound without grounding and busbar voltage is normal. 2) Indication of each pointer on DC panel is normal. 3) Switches and signaling devices are complete and in good condition. 4) System equipment is sound; each part is clean and free of electric leakage; joint part is free of overheat. 9.3 9.3.1 a) Abnormal Conditions and Disposal Disposal of high or low DC busbar voltage: Disposal of high voltage: 1) Inspect whether high frequency power switch floating charge current of battery is too great, if so, reduce output current. 2) If it is caused by abnormality of high frequency power switch, stop the abnormal high frequency power switch and reduce output current of running high frequency power switch. b) Disposal of low voltage: 1) If DC busbar load is over great, enhance the output of high frequency power switch and make busbar voltage return to normal. 2) When battery voltage reduces relatively greatly, the floating charge operation mode may be changed to equalizing charge operation mode. 3) If it is caused by abnormality of floating charge high frequency power switch, switch to another high frequency power switch for operation. 4) Inspect whether battery outlet switch trips, if so, perform inspection immediately and close the switch after return to normal. c) DC system grounding 1) Symbol: DC busbar insulation reduction signal and alarm sound are made. 2) Disposal Inspect 220V DC busbar (DC control busbar and DC branch panel) microcomputer DC insulation monitoring device; determine fault busbar and fault line number; clearly distinguish earth electrode. Ask whether some one works in loop, if any, stop work immediately.
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Contact heat engine whether water leakage, steam leakage and opening device are available; lay stress on inspecting the doubtful part. Inspect along the line according to fault busbar and fault line number displayed by microcomputer DC insulation monitoring device. Open the DC load on trial: firstly, stop non-important load and finally stop protection and hot operating load. Stop the insulation monitoring device on trial. Fully inspect busbar and battery and open the charging device on trial. Open the DC power supply incoming line knife-switch on trial, if the grounding vanishes, it shows that DC power supply incoming line is grounded; if the grounding does not vanish yet, it shows that DC busbar is grounded, and here switch the control DC load to non-grounding busbar for operation and cut off power supply of fault busbar according to the shift-chief operators order. After completion of disposal, return to original mode as soon as possible. Finding grounding time should not exceed 2h. d) Precautions when finding DC grounding: 1) Have the shift-chief operators approval before open the hot operating power source on trial. 2) Notify relevant attendant before open the load on trial. 3) During loop power supply, open the air switch of double-circuit power source side at the same time. 4) With shift-chief operators approval, open the protection power source on trial and stop all protections of the DC power source. 5) Grounding operation of DC system should not exceed 2h. 9.3.2 Disposal of fire in battery room: 1) Open the battery outlet switch and close the busbar interconnection switch. 2) Adjust the floating charge current of high frequency power switch device and maintain busbar voltage. 3) Notify fire department. 4) Put out the fire by use of carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher. 5) Wear gas mask during fire extinguishing.
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10 UPS Power Supply
10.1 Description
10.1.1 The operating power source of hot operation protection, monitoring instruments, computer and other devices of 2300MW unit should be single-phase AC 220V uninterrupted power supply. Therefore, a set of inverted uninterrupted power supply (UPS, model: BORRI E2001) is equipped. Equipment in UPS system: rectifier, inverter, static switch, bypass maintenance switch, load sharing switch and control equipment, etc. These equipment are respectively installed in rectifier cabinet, inverter cabinet, bypass cabinet and load control panel. a) Main power source:
Main power source, namely operating power source, is transmitted to rectifier cabinet and converted through rectifier (three-phase controllable rectifier bridge) to make three-phase AC voltage change to constant-voltage DC output. DC voltage output of rectifier may be delivered by two circuits; one circuit is used for battery charging and the other circuit is used for input of inverter to supply DC power source to inverter. In order to not influence normal charging of battery in the system by silicon rectifier device in unit plant 220V DC system, a separating diode is installed on one DC voltage output of rectifier charging up battery. When the operating power source or the rectifier fails, or unit plant 220V DC system voltage is higher than rectifier output DC voltage, unit plant 220V DC system provides DC input power source for inverter. DC voltage output of rectifier or DC power source provided by unit plant 220V DC system is transmitted to inverter cabinet as input of inverter, through inverter control circuit, DC voltage is changed to a series of sine pulse width square wave output, after the higher harmonics are filtered off through filter circuit, it is changed to single-phase AC voltage and then delivered to bypass cabinet through static switch and to load control panel through bypass switch. b) Standby power source:
Standby power source, through 380/220V isolating transformer and automatic voltage stabilizer, is transmitted to bypass cabinet and then to load control panel through static switch and bypass switch. c) Power source switching:
Both operating power source and standby power source are transmitted to bypass cabinet and then transmitted to load control panel through bypass switch QIBY and finally the load sharing is realized in load control panel. Both operating power source and standby power source have the switching modes as follows: 1) Power source switching by bypass switch QIBY Bypass switch QIBY has three position states, namely: normal (I), test (III) and bypass (II). When bypass switch QIBY switches to another state from one state, each contact of switch is switched in the sequence of switching on before switching off. When operating power source supplies power to UPS system load and standby power source are normal, and moreover,
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operation bypass switch QIBY switches to test (III) or bypass (II) position from normal (I) position, the load power source will switch to standby power source for power supply without interruption; if operating power source is normal and when operation bypass switch QIBY switches to normal (I) position from bypass (II) or test (III) position, UPS system load power source will also switch to operating power source for power supply, from standby power source without interruption. 2) Power source switching by static switch making and breaking When bypass switch QIBY is in normal (I) position, the switching of UPS system load power supply can be realized by means of controlling the making and breaking of static switch. When the inverter breaks down and stops operation automatically or pressing MANUAL TRANSFER manual power source transfer button, operating power source will switch to standby power source to provide power supply for UPS system load; after rectifier and inverter return to normal, press RESET button, and standby power source will switch to operating power source to provide e power supply for UPS system load (both rectifier and inverter are not stopped unartificially and they can start automatically after the cause of stopping their operation is removed. In the case of not pressing MANUAL and TRANSFER button, it needs not press RESET button, and UPS system load power source will automatically switch to operating power source for power supply, from standby power source). The above switching process is interrupted, but interrupted power supply time is very short and it is sufficient for user needs. 3) Power supply tracking: The device is provided with synchronizer to make AC voltage outputted from inverter to track standby power supply frequency to ensure that interrupted power supply time of load will not increase arising from asynchronous switching of both power supplies when operating power source switches to standby power source to provide power supply for UPS system load. When standby power source fails, the synchronizer releases tracking and operating standby power works continuously by self-excited oscillation frequency 50HZ. 10.1.1.1 Operating condition: a) b) Normal state: main power source provides power supply and UPS provides stable AC220V and 50Hz sine wave power supply for load; Fault state: When main power source fails, the inverter is supplied with power automatically by unit plant battery DC system power source and UPS provides stable AC220V and 50Hz sine wave power supply for load; when battery DC system power source discharges electricity to the limit, UPS inverter will be switched off automatically. When main power source returns to normal, the inverter will automatically recover to be supplied with power by rectifier; Bypass (automatic/manual) state: if output voltage of inverter is abnormal arising from internal fault, static switch may switch the load automatically to standby power source of bypass system. If output voltage of inverter is abnormal arising from maintenance, the bypass switch may be operated manually to switch the load to standby power source of bypass system uninterruptedly and completely insulated with other UPS equipment; during return, the load power source is uninterrupted.
c)
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10.1.1.2 The following signals are available on local main machine cabinet panel of UPS device: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Rectifier input low-voltage alarm DC input low-voltage alarm Bypass AC power source low-voltage alarm Inverter input over high/ over low-voltage alarm UPS output alarm: high/low voltage, high/low frequency Rectifier input voltage Inverter input voltage Inverter output voltage Inverter output frequency Bypass AC power source voltage Inverter output current Static quick change-over switch (put in bypass position) alarm
m) Battery running alarm 10.1.1.3 Meanings of UPS alarm signal: a) b) c) Main power source input fault: main power source voltage or frequency is beyond normal range; Battery discharge: the battery is in discharge state (red light flashes); when the battery discharges off, red right is on uninterruptedly. Inverter fault: inverter output voltage is beyond normal range.
Resultant fault signal and battery running and bypass running signals can be displayed on DCS graphic display of unit plant. 10.1.2 Operation and Maintenance 10.1.2.1 Operation Mode and Regulations a) Normal operation mode of UPS system: operating PC-section power source provides power supply for UPS system load; safety PC-section power source loop is standby; bypass switch (QIBY) is in I (when operating power source fails, standby power source switches automatically) position. Off-normal operation mode of UPS system
b)
Standby power source provides power supply for UPS system load and bypass switch (QIBY) is in large bypass II position. 220V power DC busbar provides power supply for UPS system load.
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When operating power source fails, UPS system may operate in off-normal operation mode III or II; when both rectifier and inverter fail or power supply must be interrupted for repair, UPS system may operate in off-normal operation mode II; when both operating and standby power sources fail, UPS system may operate in off-normal operation mode II. c) During normal operation, output voltage of UPS system should maintain within 220V1 and in the case of full load, voltage change should not exceed 8; frequency change should not exceed 2, and moreover, it should reach static stability within 40ms recovery time. d) Bypass switch (QIBY) should be in I position in normal condition and the operators should not operate the switch at will. When both rectifier and inverter need to be repaired with power interruption, the bypass switch (QIBY) can not operated to II position unless required by repairer who should be present on the scene. During normal operation, it is not allowed to switch UPS operating power source and standby power source directly by means of operating bypass switch (QIBY) to III or II position from I position and to I position from III or II position, to prevent circulating current generated in switching process damaging inverter or bypass switch (QIBY), etc. f) g) After rectifier and inverter in cold reserve are put into operation, it is not allowed to operate with load immediately, and firstly they should operate without load for 15min. When both rectifier and inverter restart after stopped and repaired, it is not allowed to switch on unit plant 220V DC power source to provide power supply for inverter, and firstly the rectifier should be started, after becoming normal, the DC power source can only be fed. When UPS device needs to be stopped, it switches to standby power source for power supply by means of manual bypass switch.
e)
h)
10.1.2.2 Startup and Stop Operation of UPS System Device a) b) Bypass system operation: Close the bypass isolating transformer input switch kA; Voltage stabilizer operation: 1) Put the voltage stabilizer bypass switch in stabilization position; 2) Put the change-over switch on panel in automatic position; 3) Close the voltage stabilizer input switch K and observe that output voltage on panel is 220V (15); 4) Press the stabilization button on panel; 5) Here bypass voltage outputs to UPS standby input terminal. a) UPS operation 1) Put the manual bypass switch QIBY in I position;
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2) Close the three-phase input switch QIRP and observe that battery voltage on panel is 250V (240270V); 3) Close the battery input switch QIB; 4) Inverter starts and static switch outputs; 5) Close the standby input switch QIRA; 6) UPS starts up and inspect that all parameters of UPS device are normal. d) Switch UPS to standby bypass output from inverted output 1) Open the three-phase input switch QIRP; 2) Open the battery input switch QIB; 3) Inspect that static switch switches automatically inverted output to standby bypass output; 4) Operate manual bypass repair switch QIBY and put in I II position; 5) Inspect that UPS output is supplied by bypass and UPS main machine is non-electrified (except terminal RQIBY); 6) Inspect that bypass system is in standby state. e) UPS restores inverter output 1) Here, bypass system is in output state and manual bypass switch QIBY is in II position; 2) Put the manual bypass repair switch QIBY in I+II position from II position; 3) Inspect that standby-side indicator light of static switch on panel is on and then put in I position from I+II position; 4) Close the three-phase input switch QIRP; 5) Inspect that battery voltage on panel is 250V240270V; 6) Close the battery input switch QIB; 7) Inspect that UPS restores inverter output; 8) Inspect that bypass system is in standby state. f) Inspection before device put-in 1) Inspect that UPS device and loop meet operating condition and UPS room is clean and free of impurities. 2) Inspect whether the connection in UPS cabinet is loose and drops out; push printed panel to final position along guide rail. 3) All switches and knife-switches are in correct position and the fuse is intact. 4) Inspect that UPS cabinet is dry and free of dewing.
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g) UPS stop operation:
1) Make sure that UPS standby power source input green light is on (standby power source is normal); 2) Open the battery input switch QIB; 3) Open the three-phase input switch QIRP, after several minutes, the inverter stops and UPS switches automatically to bypass for operation without interruption; 4) Open the standby input switch QIRA; 5) Open the voltage stabilizer input switch K; 6) Turn off the bypass isolating transformer input switch KA; 7) Inspect that UPS has been shut down. Note: Switch QIBY switch to I+II position, and standby power source provides power supply for static switch and load; Switch QIBY switch to II position, and the load is supplied with power by standby power source through bypass. 10.1.3 Abnormal Conditions and Disposal In the case of abnormal operation, it switches over and give an alarm automatically, therefore timely inspection should be performed when off-normal operation occurs, and after condition recovery, the operation should comply with operation steps of UPS system device according to specific circumstances at that time.
11 Station Motors
11.1 Operation and Maintenance
11.1.1 General Requirements of Motor Operation a) The attendant who has jurisdiction over mechanical equipment driven by motor should master power supply mode of motor. The operation attendant not only should master power supply mode of motor but also should master operation mode of relaying protection and automatic device. The manufacturers rated nameplate should be available on the casing of each motor. If the nameplate is lost, it should be made up in time by repairer. The motor casing, ventilating pipe and metal structure should be coated with paint and should be indicated with equipment name and number according to affiliated unit. The motor and motor-driven machine should be set with arrow sign to indicate rotation direction. Motor outgoing line, cable head and exposed rotating part should be installed with firm shade and railings or protective cover.
b) c) d) e)
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f)
The casing of motor and starting device should be grounded according to the technical regulations for grounding and the work is forbidden on grounding body of running motor. The standby motor can be started at any moment and the periodic alternate running or periodic put-into-operation trial run table of motor should be established. Each attendant should strictly implement periodic alternate running or periodic put-into-operation trial run of motor. In normal condition, the motor with available switching startup condition should be started according to switching period and for the standby motor with unavailable startup condition and with capacity of 50kW and above, and moreover, the standby motor has stopped running for 15 days continuously, the insulation resistance should be measured. In order to prevent standby motor from moisture, for the motor installed in damp place, the trial run for put into operation should be conducted once a week. Requirements of measurement of motor insulation resistance: 1) 6kV high voltage motor insulation is measured with 2500 V megameter; 400V and below low voltage motor insulation is measured with 500V megameter. 2) The insulation resistance of 6kV motor should not be less than 1 megohm/kV; the insulation resistance of 400V and below low voltage motor should not be less than 0.5 megohm (insulation resistance of DC motor should not be less than 0.5 megohm). 3) The insulation resistance of motor must be measured when the loop is in cold reserve. 4) The insulation resistance is measured as required in special case (e.g. the motor is affected with damp, etc.).
g)
h)
i)
The motor with bearing forced lubrication should be provided with lubricating oil interruption signaling device, when necessary, should be installed with lubricating oil interruption or low oil pressure motor trip-off interlocking device. In normal condition, if it is far away from motor when opening the remote control switch of the motor, a set of emergency switch-off equipment should be installed nearby the motor and when the motor power switch is opened by means of emergency switch-off equipment, the closing operation loop should be blocked. The emergency switch-off equipment should be set with clear name, number and warning sign as well as the facilities preventing touch and pull by the others by mistake. The emergency switch-off equipment can only be used in an emergency and it is strictly prohibited to be used for safety measures.
j)
For the motor with capacity of 40kW and above or the motor with its driven machine adjusted according to current in production process, an ammeter should be installed in the place of operating motor to monitor the startup and operation. The motor installed indoors with much dust should be cleaned periodically and
k)
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forbidding water dropping on motor; for the air cooling motor, no condensed water should be available on the cooler and the cold air room should be free of water accumulation. l) The attendant of motor-driven machine should record the startup and stop time of motor and all abnormal conditions arising during motor running in log book in details.
m) All types of fusible equipment (protector, fusible piece and cutout, etc.) used in motor should be inspected before use and they should be intact; rated current should match with motor capacity. 11.1.2 Operation Mode a) b) The motor may run according to the specified data on the manufacturers nameplate under rated cooling air temperature. Maximum monitoring temperature of engine coil and core should not exceed the temperature in any case according to the manufacturers requirements. If no manufacturers requirements are available, maximum temperature of motor coil and core should not exceed 105 and temperature rise should not exceed 65. Generally, the motor may run within 510 of rated voltage and its rated output is unchanged (5.76.6kV, 360420V). the unbalance value of voltage between phases during running with rated output should not exceed 5; the attention should be paid to overheat and vibration of motor during running with voltage unbalance. d) During normal running, motor current should not exceed 5 of rated value, when it exceeds 510, the unit attendant should try to reduce it to rated current within 15min. It is not limited thereof if caused by main machine fault overloading. e) Motor bearing temperature should comply with the following requirements (if any, should comply with the manufacturers requirements): 1) Sliding bearing: 80 (temperature rise: 40) 2) Rolling bearing: 100 (temperature rise: 60) 11.1.3 Operation of Motors a) Normal power interruption and supply of auxiliary motor should be operated by operation attendant. The affiliated unit of motor-driven machine needs power interruption and supply, the on-duty person in charge, of affiliated unit should fill in equipment power interruption and supply contact sheet for contact. After completion of motor repair, when the work-sheet is concluded, the person in charge of repair work should report equipment condition and insulation resistance value to the operator, if acceptable, and then contact power supply operation. The external inspection of motor should be performed before power supply and the contents and division of work are as follows: The operation attendant should be in charge of inspecting:
c)
b)
c)
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1) Inspect the integrity of electrical loop and equipment thereof; the work-sheet has been concluded; the protection device is put into operation. 2) The ground wire of motor and cable casing should be intact and firm. 3) Motor wiring hood and fan blade hood should be intact and firm. 4) Whether starting device of wound type motor is oily and inspect the oil level thereof. 5) For the motor cooled by air cooler, cold air room should be free of water accumulation. 6) Motor and affiliated mechanical equipment are intact; no impurity is available and no one works nearby; the startup conditions are met. 7) The oil in bearing oil ring should be sufficient and the oil cap should be covered well; if it is forced lubrication, the oil system should be put into operation; if the bearing is cooled with water, the cooling water should be turned on. 8) If possible, had better try to rotate the rotor to make sure rotor does not rub against stator and the rotor-driven machine is free of fault. 9) For the motor cooled by air cooler, the cooling water should be supplied. d) Operation principles of motor power interruption and supply: 1) When supplying electric power to motor primary loop, take turns to operate power fuse, knife-switch and switch; and on the contrary when shutting off power supply. 2) When supplying electric power, firstly, inspect that operation fuse should be put in place (green light is on); secondly, put closing loop fuse in place, and on the contrary when shutting off power supply. 3) The operation mode selector switch on motor switch panel should be put in remote control position. 4) Strictly prohibit using pointer and indicator light as one and only judgment basis of switch on-off. 5) Open and close the knife-switch, if conditions permit, inspect that knife edge is in off or on position. e) If the motor is by means of remote closing, remote operator should contact with local attendant and then start the motor, and moreover, local attendant should stay beside motor till the motor rises to rated speed. If an ammeter is available, the starting process should be monitored according to ammeter; after the startup ends, the motor body must be inspected according to specific circumstances. Allowable startup number of cage rotor motor should strictly comply with the following requirements: 1) For the motor with capacity of 100kW and above, it is allowed to start up twice in succession in cold state and start up once in hot state; startup interval time should not be less than 5min.
f)
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2) For the motor with capacity of 100kW and below, it is allowed to start up thrice in succession in cold state and start up twice in hot state; startup interval time should not be less than 5min. 3) For the motor with fault disposal and starting time not more than 3s, one startup time may be increased according to the above requirements. 4) When the dynamic balance test is conducted for motor, startup interval time should not be less than 30min. 5) Definition of motor state: It is cold state as long as motor run-down time is equal to or greater than 30min; it is hot state as long as motor starting current attenuates to minimum or run-down time is less than 30min. g) The motor should be started one by one and usually it is not allowed to start two or more motors with relatively large capacity simultaneously in the same busbar. Before starting large capacity motor, the electrical attendant should be contacted to adjust busbar voltage. In normal condition, when the motor starts, the switch refuses closing or trips when starting, the reclosing is strictly prohibited before finding the reason; if starting time exceeds general starting time of the motor and the current does not attenuate to normal value, open the motor power switch immediately and find the reason. When the motor starts, after the switch is closed, if the motor does not run and buzzes or can not reach normal speed, open the motor power switch immediately and find the reason.
h)
i)
11.1.4 Operation Monitoring and Maintenance a) b) The attendant of motor-driven machine should be in charge of monitoring of motor during running and exterior cleaning of motor. When the unit attendant discovers an abnormal condition, report to shift-chief operator quickly, when necessary, notify electrical repairer to inspect the motor. When the operation attendant discovers the motor running is abnormal, the operation mode of motor can not be changed unless reported to shift-chief operator. The operation attendant should perform external inspection of running and standby motors according to specified time and period and the contents are as follows: 1) Motor and ambient temperature thereof. 2) Motor and bearing sound; whether there is burnt odor. 3) Indicated value of motor ammeter should not exceed the prescribed limit. 4) Casing ground wire and cable head protective cover should be intact and firm. 5) For DC motor, observe whether slip ring or commutator sparks; protective covers of slip ring and commutator are intact; slip ring handle should not exceed danger sign.
c)
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6) Motor vent hole should be unhindered; air cooler should be in working order and be free of water leakage. 7) Motor appearance should be free of ash deposit and water accumulation or finding that the impurities such as ash, power and water steam may enter into motor or starting device, the attendant of motor-driven machine should be notified in time to remove the impurities. d) The monitoring of motor casing and bearing temperature should be compared in the case of the same ambient air temperature. If the temperature rise is abnormal, the source of fault should be found out, when necessary, the measures of strengthening ventilation and reducing load should be taken and the monitoring should be strengthened. Abnormal Conditions and Disposal
11.2
11.2.1 The motor should be stopped immediately in any case as follows: a) b) c) d) e) f) A fatal accident that requires stopping motor immediately happens; The motor and the motor-driven machine are damaged to danger level; The motor catches fire or the insulation has burnt odor; The vibration is violent and the motor or the motor-driven machine makes a metallic friction sound; Motor temperature or bearing temperature steeply rises and exceed the limit; the rotating speed drops sharply; The motor is submerged.
11.2.2 In any case as follows, for important motors, the standby motor may be started first and then the fault motor is stopped, and moreover, find out the source of fault: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) The motor sound is abnormal or the insulation has burnt odor; The spark and smoking arise in stator and rotor gap or staring adjusting device; The stator current exceeds normal running value; The motor oscillates violently; The cooling water system of large-sized closed type cooling motor breaks down; The rise of bearing temperature is abnormal; The motor is submerged and on fire danger to insulation safety. When the running motor trips for the protection acts, the tripping reason should be inspected by the attendant generally, and after returning to normal, the motor can be restarted. If it is caused by artificial touch and stop by mistake, the motor may be restarted instantaneously. When the important auxiliary motor trips, if no standby motor is available or the standby
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motor can not be started quickly, it is allowed to rush to start the tripping motor once in order to prevent great damage to turbine-boiler equipment except in the following cases: z z z z i) 6kV busbar subordinate to tripping motor is grounded; A fatal accident that requires stopping the motor immediately happens; The motor-driven machine is damaged; The obvious short circuit or damage phenomenon exists.
When the motor catches fire, the power supply should be shut off at once. The special electrical equipment fire extinguisher should be used. When no special fire extinguisher is available, after the power supply is cut off, the fire should be extinguished with spray water. Large-stream water is forbidden to be fed into motor. After the motor switch is closed, if the motor does not run and only make a sound or can not reach normal speed, the possible cause is as follows: 1) One phase in stator loop is broken; one phase of fuse is blown; one phase of cable head, knife-switch or switch is in loose contact; 2) It is disconnected or in loose contact in rotor loop; 3) The motor and the motor-driven machine get stuck; 4) Stator winding connection is wrong;
j)
k)
Terminal voltage of motor is relatively low.
Disposal: if the motor does not run within 1-2s after closing, shut off motor power supply at once and fully inspect the loop and load, and moreover, notify the repairer for disposal. l) When the motor starts or runs, there is spark or smoking in stator and rotor gap and the possible cause is as follows: 1) The center is misaligned or bearing pad is worn to make stator collide with rotor; 2) The cooper (aluminum) bar of cage rotor is broken or in loose contact. m) The motor protection acts and trips and the possible cause is as follows: 1) The machine gets stuck; 2) The loop breaks down; 3) When the wound rotor motor starts, the slip ring is short-circuited or rheostat is not in initial position; 4) The protection operating current value setting may be too small and the selectivity characteristic is not enough. n) The motor sound changes suddenly during running and the current rises or drops to zero. The possible cause is as follows:
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1) One phase in stator loop is disconnected (the fuse is blown, etc.); 2) The system voltage drops; 3) The winding inter-turn is short-circuited or the current transformer is open-circuited; 4) The machine breaks down. o) The current of running motor oscillates periodically and the motor makes a periodical abnormal sound. The possible cause is as follows: 1) The rotor cooper (aluminum) bar is broken; 2) The winding of wound rotor is disconnected or the slip ring device and the rheostat are in loose contact; 3) The load changes unevenly. p) The motor vibrates violently and the possible cause is as follows: 1) The motor does not align with machine center; 2) The unit is out of balance; 3) The rotating part rubs with static part; 4) The ball and roller bearing or bearing neck is damaged; 5) The motor-driven machine is damaged; 6) The cage rotor end ring has crack or the cooper (aluminum) bar is in loose contact; 7) The motor rotor core is damaged or loose and the rotor axis is bent or cracked; 8) The motor bearing and end cover are loose or the base is not connected with foundation firmly; 9) The stator and rotor air gap is uneven and exceeds specified value. q) The sliding bearing is overheated and the possible cause is as follows: 1) The lubrication is poor, e.g. the oil is too much, or a little, or very dense, or unclean and the oil is mixed with water or the oil grade is incorrect; 2) The lubricating ring gets stuck or is broken; 3) The orifice on bearing paid is choking or worn flat; 4) The motor reel or bearing is leaned; 5) The bearing cover is too tight or the bearing clearance is too small; 6) The center is misaligned or the dogtooth of the elastic backrest wheel works unevenly.
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12 Power Distribution Device

12.1 Circuit Breaker 12.1.1 Operation monitoring and maintenance of circuit breaker: a) When the switch is put into operation, the manufacturers nameplate indicating basic parameter should be available; the opening and closing indicator should be observable and the indication should be correct, and besides, the indicator should be set with complete name and number. During SF6 switch operation, the change of SF6 gas pressure should be monitored. The change of SF6 gas pressure should conform to SF6 gas pressure-temperature change isopycnic, or the reason should be found out. Normal mechanical life of SF6 switch is 3000 times. When rated current is broken 2000 times or the switch is broken 20 times under rated short circuit current, it should be out of service for repair. Normal operating mechanism life of vacuum circuit breaker is 30000 times, after operated 10000 times each, vacuum circuit breaker should be fully inspected and maintained, and moreover, the routine inspection should be performed at least once a year.
b)
c)
d)
12.1.2 6kV switch cabinet interlocking: a) b) The switch car has three positions: operation, test and repair. Interlocking of switch car and switch cabinet high-voltage chamber door: when the switch is in operation position or between operation and test position, the high-voltage chamber door can not be opened; when the switch is in test position and in opening state, the high-voltage chamber door can be opened; after the high-voltage chamber door is opened, the switch can not be thrust in operation position. Interlocking of high-voltage chamber door and low-voltage plug: when the low-voltage plug is drawn out, the high-voltage chamber door can not be closed. The switch can not be pushed in or out until the switch is in off state and the high-voltage chamber door is closed. Interlocking of grounding knife-switch and switch car: when the switch car is in test or repair position, the grounding knife-switch operating handle jack baffle plate can be opened and here the grounding knife-switch can be operated; when the grounding knife-switch is closed, the switch car can not be pushed in operation position from test position. The switch car can be locked in both test and operation position and a clear indication is available.
c) d) e)
f)
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a)
12.1.3 Inspection of SF6 switch in operation: SF6 gas pressure, ambient temperature and compressed air pressure should be recorded regularly every day and the pressure change should be normal contrasting with SF6 gas temperature-pressure change isopycnic. Inspect that each part of switch and piping have no abnormal sound and unusual odor and pipe clamp should be normal. The switch opening and closing indication should conform to the operating condition. The grounding device should be grounded well and the body and there surrounding thereof are free of impurities; the secondary loop of switch should be intact. Both switch mechanism box door and terminal box door should be closed tightly. For the in-service switch, inspect that both casing and insulator are free of crack, discharge and corona and each part is in sound contact and has not abnormal overheat.
b) c) d) e) f)
12.1.4 Inspection of vacuum circuit breaker in operation: a) b) c) d) e) The switch opening and closing indication should conform to the operating condition. The vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the switch have no abnormal sound. No discharging sound is made. The switch cabinet blocking device is intact. The switch energy-storing indication is correct.
12.1.5 Operation of circuit breaker: a) Work before switch energization: 1) 2) 3) 4) b) Repair work-sheet is concluded; safety measures are removed; the loop is clean. Inspect that both casing and insulator are intact and free of crack. Inspect that switch operating mechanism and protection are intact. Inspect that switch opening and closing indicator pointer is in opening position.
Operation principles of SF6 switch: 1) SF6 switch changes to hot reserve from cold reserve: The power air switch in switch terminal box should be closed. The power switch in SF6 switch cabinet should be closed. Inspect that proximity-remote switch of SF6 switch should be put in remote position. Inspect that the indication of switch three-phase SF6 gas pressure gauge should be normal.
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Inspect that SF6 switch is in off position (subject to actual position of mechanism). According to the requirements of operation mode, close the SF6 switch busbar side and load side knife-switch and inspect that the knife-switch should be closed well. 2) SF6 switch changes to cold reserve from hot reserve: Inspect that SF6 switch is in off state. Firstly, open the switch load side knife-switch; secondly, open the busbar side knife-switch and inspect that the knife-switch is disconnected. As required, shut off switch energy-storing power source and switch operating power source. c) Power outage operation of 6kV vacuum switch (from operation to test position) 1) Inspect that switch opening and closing indicator is in opening 0 position (0 position shows that the switch is in opening state and 1 position shows that the switch is in closing state). Shut off the switch energy-storing power source. Insert the special key for switch operation and turn to hand cranking position from locking operating position (manual crank handle jack baffle plate is opened). Insert manual crank handle and turn the handle anticlockwise to make the switch turn to test position from operation position. Remove manual crank handle and turn the key to off-position locking from hand cranking position and then draw out the key. Remove the secondary plug-in unit of switch and open the control power switch.
2) 3) 4) 5) 6) d)
Operation of 6kV vacuum switch energization (push to operation from test): 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Inspect that switch cabinet door is closed well and the loop is complete and meets operating condition. Inspect that the switch is in test position and the proximity-remote switch is in proximity position. Inspect that switch opening and closing indicator is in opening position (0 position). Put in the secondary plug-in unit of switch and close the control power switch. Close the switch energy-storing switch and inspect that energy store is normal, and then open the switch energy-storing switch. After the test switch is opened and closed normally, inspect that the switch is in opening position.
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7) 8) 9)
Insert the special key and turn the key to hand cranking position from off-position locking. Insert manual crank handle and turn the handle clockwise to make the switch turn to operation position from test position. Remove manual crank handle and turn the key to locking operating position and then draw out the key.
10) Turn on switch energy-storing power source and inspect that the energy store is normal. 11) Put (or inspect) proximity-remote switch in remote position. 12) Operation of changing 6kV vacuum switch to test position from repair position. 13) Inspect that switch opening and closing indicator is in opening position. 14) Make the special car for repair align with the rail in switch cabinet and lock the car. 15) Push the switch to test position and after locked, remove the special car for repair. 16) Close the high-voltage chamber door of switch. f) Operation of 6kV vacuum switch shifting out of test position (repair position): 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) g) Inspect that the switch is in opening position; Open the high-voltage chamber door of switch cabinet; Make the special car for repair align with the rail in switch cabinet and lock the car. Pull the switch along the rail to special car and after locked, remove it. Close and lock the high-voltage chamber door.
Precautions of 6kV switch operation: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Strictly prohibit energizing and put the unprotected switch into operation. Inspect the operation of switch in hot reserve; the energy-storing power source is intact and the energy store is normal. The control mode of switch should be in remote position in normal condition. Strictly prohibit opening and closing the high voltage switch in switch chamber during normal operation. If the synchronization checking is required, the switch can not be closed until the synchronization checking is performed.
h)
400V circuit breaker 1) Switch structure: it is composed of circuit breaker body and drawer cabinet. The body of plug-in circuit breaker is seated on the guide rail in drawer cabinet and switches on main loop by means of upper and lower busbar connection on circuit breaker body and drawer cabinet; the secondary loop is connected by means of
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2)
plug-in type tie-in module. The drawer circuit breaker has three operating positions: on, test and off and the positions shift by means of turning operating handle. When it is in on position, main loop and secondary loop are connected; when it is in test position, main loop is disconnected and isolated with reliable insulation and only secondary loop is connected; when it is in off position, main loop and secondary loop are disconnected. A mechanical interlocking device is available between drawer circuit breaker body and drawer cabinet. The circuit breaker can be closed when in on and test position, but can not be closed when in the middle position of on and test. Maximum phase current of main loop is displayed on the display screen on tripper panel of circuit breaker in normal state.
3)
4)
12.1.6 Abnormal conditions and disposal: a) When the attendant discovers any abnormal condition (e.g. SF6 gas pressure drops, or an abnormal sound is made, or opening and closing position indication is incorrect, etc.) during switch operation, the abnormal condition should be eliminated in time, if not, report to the higher-level leader, and besides, record in relevant operation log book and enter the equipment defect management system. When the attendant discovers that the equipment has the defect that threatens power network safety but can not be eliminated if the power supply is uninterrupted, report to the dispatcher on duty and apply for power outage disposal in time, and moreover, report to the higher-level leader. The switch power supply should be shut off at once for disposal in any case as follows: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) c) The casing is badly damaged or discharges electricity. SF6 gas chamber is leaky severely and an operation blocking signal is made. The vacuum switch makes a hissing sound of vacuum breakage. The insulation burnt odor arises in switch. The pneumatic machinery is no-voltage suddenly. An accident danger to persons or equipment safety happens.
b)
When the switch generates abnormal heat, strengthen the monitoring and find out the source of fault; if the conditions permit, take temporary temperature reduction measures. If the abnormal heat is caused by overloading, with the shift-chief operators approval, reduce the through load current and report to divisional director. When SF6 switch explodes or severe gas leakage arises, the operator should be cautious when approaching the equipment and should approach the equipment from the windward as much as possible, and when necessary, should wear gas mask and protective clothing. Abnormal SF6 switch gas pressure
d)
e)
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1)
SF6 switch gas pressure drops: For the in-service switch, when the control room makes an abnormal SF6 switch gas pressure signal, arrive on the spot in time and inspect whether SF6 gas pressure is lower than 0.56 MPa; if the pressure drops below 0.56MPa, notify the repairer at once to make up the gas and strengthen the monitoring of SF6 switch gas pressure.
2)
When both abnormal SF6 gas pressure and control loop disconnection alarm signals are made (namely tripping and closing loops have been blocked), SF6 gas pressure should be inspected: if SF6 gas pressure has been lower than 0.54 MPa or below, open the switch operating DC switch and here strictly prohibit any operation of switch, and moreover, report to relevant leader in time and supply auxiliary power by starting-standby transformer instead, and make fault switch run out of synchronization by means of higher-level switch. Under the same temperature, if the difference between SF6 gas pressure values transcribed two times successively is 0.01 0.03MPa, the abnormal condition should be analyzed at once, and when necessary, the repairer should be notified to detect and eliminate the leakage; if heavy gas leakage is discovered, report to relevant leader immediately and make fault switch run out of synchronization by means of higher-level switch.
3)
f)
When the switch is out of order and the opening is not allowed in itself, transfer the load as much as possible and open the switch operating DC switch, and besides, make fault switch out of service for repair by means of higher-level switch. When the switch refuses operation and the skip tripping is caused, change the switch that refuses operation to repair; the switch should not be put into operation until the fault is found out and eliminated. Requirements of switch emergency tripping times: 1) 2) After the high-voltage switch trips in an emergency, the switch emergency tripping clause, protection operating condition and tripping times should be recorded. The emergency tripping times of high-voltage switch should not exceed allowable tripping times. When the tripping times have reached specified allowable value, it is not allowed to put the switch into operation again and the switch should be repaired as soon as possible; if the switch needs to be put into operation, an order should be given by the dispatcher or higher-level leader. After the high-voltage switch is repaired, the tripping times should be added up from zero according to repair notice and be registered in high-voltage switch emergency tripping log book.
g)
h)
3)
i)
SIEMENS low-voltage circuit breaker 1) When the contact generates heat and the temperature inside casing exceeds 80, the tripper can give an alarm and open the circuit breaker when the current is relatively small.
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2) 3) Faults
When the tripper breaks down, The E error display or alarm can be given and here the circuit breaker may be opened. Faults and disposal methods (seed the following table): Fault Source Failure to store energy manually Disposal Methods Mechanical fault of energy-storing device, contact with repairer for disposal 1. Mechanical fault of energy-storing device, contact with repairer for disposal;
Failure store energy
to
Failure to store energy electrically: 1. Mechanical fault of energy-storing device;
2. Control power supply voltage of electric 2. Inspect whether undervoltage tripper power supply voltage is more energy-storing device is less than 85Us. than 85Us. 1. Inspect that undervoltage tripper 1. Whether undervoltage tripper power power supply voltage must be more supply voltage is more than 70Us; than 70Us; 2. Undervoltage tripper control power 2. Replace undervoltage tripper supply fails. control power supply. Failure to switch on Secondary loop is in bad contact Pull out circuit breaker and then turn to on position and inspect whether secondary loop is on state. 1. Inspect that power supply voltage of closing electromagnet must be more than 85Us; 2. Replace electromagnet. the closing
1. Rated power supply voltage of closing electromagnet is less than 85Us; 2. Closing electromagnet fails.
1. The operation machine breaks down; Failure trip to
1. Inspect the operation machine mechanism, if not press hard, contact with the repairer for disposal;
2. Whether the control power supply voltage 2. Inspect whether the control power of shunt excitation tripper is less than 70 supply voltage of shunt excitation Us; tripper is more than 70Us; 3. The shunt excitation tripper is damaged. 3. Replace the shunt excitation tripper. Push the guide rail breaker to the end. and circuit
The handle fails to The guide rail or circuit breaker body does insert in not enter into drawer rack completely. circuit
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Faults breaker
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Fault Source Disposal Methods
The circuit breaker 1. The crank handle does not be drawn out; body can not be 2. The circuit breaker does not reach off drawn out in position. off position 1. Foreign impurity falls into drawer seat to The circuit press cranking machine hard or clench breaker fails mechanism tooth skips; to turn to 2. The shell grade rated current of circuit on breaker body does not match with that of position drawer seat. The intelligent electronic tripper screen has no display available The intelligent electronic tripper fault light is on and it is still on after pressing the light clearance button The circuit breaker tripping indicator light is on
1. Draw out the crank handle; 2. Turn circuit breaker to off position correctly.
1. Inspect and remove foreign impurity, if still failing to turn to on position, contact with the repairer for disposal; 2. Select and match up the circuit breaker body and drawer with the same shell grade rated current. 1. Whether AC power source of electronic tripper is closed, if not, close it at once; 2. Open the AC power source of electronic tripper and after energized again, if the fault still exists, contact with the repairer for disposal.
1. The intelligent electronic tripper does not be energized.
The intelligent electronic tripper is faulty.
Open the AC power source of electronic tripper and after energized again, if the fault still exists, contact with the repairer for disposal.
The overload circuit indicator light is on).
breaker trips
(L
1. Inspect operating time on electronic tripper and analyze fault source; 2. Remove the overload in time; if actual operating current does not a gw e i11 0n.p :e A maP tc h th lo g time deR lae yvo rating current setting, modify it according to
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Faults
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Fault Source Disposal Methods practical situation; 3. Press reset button and reclose circuit breaker. 4. Inspect operating time and current value on electronic tripper and analyze fault source; 5. If an earth fault exists, inspect and handle the fault;
The overload circuit breaker trips (G indicator light is on).
6. If no earth fault exists, inspect whether earth fault current setting value matches with actual protection; 7. Modify the earth fault current setting value of electronic tripper; 8. Press reset button and reclose circuit breaker. 1. Inspect operating time and current value on electronic tripper and analyze fault source;
The circuit breaker trips after closed (fault indicator light is on)
1. Circuit breaker closing is at fault; 2. Transient current is large when closing; 3. Circuit breaker closing is at overload fault.
2. If a short circuit fault exists, inspect and handle the fault; 3. If it is overload, inspect and handle it or adjust setting value; 4. Modify the current setting value of intelligent electronic tripper 5. Press reset button and reclose circuit breaker.
12.2 Disconnect Switch 12.2.1 Operation Inspection and Operation of Knife-switch a) Inspection before the knife-switch is put into operation: 1) 2) 3) The equipment is complete and the safety measures are removed. The loop joint connection is firm and the operating mechanism is intact. The knife-switch block is complete and the interlocking between main knife-switch and earthing knife-switch or switch is reliable.
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4) 5) 6) b)
The support insulator is free of crack and damage and the driving mechanism is normal. The contact surface of moving and static contacts is clean and free of burnt trace. The equipment name and number are clear and correct.
The following items should be inspected besides the above items during in-service inspection: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) The insulator is intact and free of flashover and electric discharge. Each joint is free of looseness, drop-off, vibration and overheat. The doors of control box and driving mechanism box are closed well, free of water accumulation. The indication of knife-switch position conforms to local state. All blocking devices are in good condition.
c)
Inspection in special case: 1) 2) 3) 4) When the short circuit fault happens, all knife-switches of through short circuit current should be inspected. In heavy fog and rain weather, the insulator casing should be free of abnormal discharge and flashover. In high wind weather, inspect that the knife-switches should be stable and free of impurity and discharge. After snowing, inspect that through current part is free of melting or vaporization and free of ice coating and discharge.
d)
The knife-switch is not used to clear the circuit and only used to isolate voltage. It is strictly prohibited to use knife-switch to cut off load current, line and transformer no-load current; the knife-switch should be closed before the switch is closed and the knife-switch should be opened after the switch is disconnected. The knife-switch should be operated correctly, quickly and decidedly. When the knife-switch is closed in faulty loop, it is not allowed to open the closed knife-switch in any case, or the accident will spread and a threat will be caused to operator and guardian. For the knife-switch of worm wheel drive operating mechanism, inspect whether abnormal electric arc occurs when moving and static contacts are just separated in opening process, if any, change the rotating direction at once to close the knife-switch so as to avoid malignant accident of opening the knife-switch with load. For the knife-switch with blocking pin, the knife-switch should be pinned after opened and closed. After the knife-switch operation is completed, the operating condition should be
e)
f)
g) h)
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inspected carefully. After closing, inspect that moving and static contacts are in sound contact without deflection, or the contact part should not be too few; after opening, inspect that the space between moving and static contacts should meet the requirements of safety regulation. i) Strictly prohibit opening and closing the knife-switch on load; when no switch is available in loop, it is allowed to perform the following operation by means of knife-switch: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Open and close the fault-free no-load busbar and the capacitance current of equipment directly connected to busbar. Open and close the voltage transformer when no fault happens. Open and close the lightning arrester when no lightning strike happens. Open and close the transformer neutral point grounding knife-switch when no grounding exists. Open and close the no-load transformer with excitation current not more than 2 and the no-load line with capacitance current not more than 5 and voltage not more than 10kV. 6) 7) Open and close the loop equalizing current with voltage below 10kV and current below 70. On the principle of equal potential, open and close the impedance-free parallel branch, such as switching of busbar knife-switch when double busbars are in parallel operation; for the knife-witch connected with switch in parallel, when the switch accesses, open and close the bypass current of switch, etc.
j)
Before closing the grounding knife-switch, inspect that power outage part is in cold reserve and check that no voltage is available; strictly prevent closing the grounding knife-switch in live state. The special operation by means of knife-switch should be performed under the conditions of fine weather, low air humidity and favorable wind direction as much as possible. The knife-switch operated by means of remote control should not be eclectically operated on the spot usually, if the remote control operation is out of order, which is acknowledged, and with the shift-chief operators approval, the local electric operation is allowed, but hand cranking operation is strictly prohibited.
k)
l)
m) Strictly prohibit releasing blocking device without approval in the operation process of all blocking devices (including mechanical lock) put into operation. The removal or release of blocking device should be approved by the shift-chief operator. 12.2.2 Abnormal conditions of knife-switch and disposal: a) Abnormal conditions and disposal: 1) When the knife-switch generates heat, the load current should be adjusted to make
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temperature reach allowable value (below 70); if it is of no effect, the power supply must be shut off for disposal. 2) 3) When the knife-switch can not be closed or opened, it should not be closed or opened forcedly; inspect whether DC or AC operating power source is normal. Strictly prohibit opening and closing the knife-switch on load. When the knife-switch is opened or closed by mistake, it should be handled on the following principle: When the knife-switch is closed by mistake, strictly prohibit opening the knife-switch once closed. The knife-switch should be opened after the switch is opened. When the knife-switch is opened by mistake, before the knife-switch does not go out of knife edge, restore original state of knife-switch at once. If the knife-switch has gone out of knife edge and relatively large discharge sound and arc light occur, and here open the knife-switch quickly and strictly prohibit reclosing to prevent accident spread. 12.3 Busbar and Cables 12.3.1 Busbar a) b) The full chain type enclosed busbar is used for generator main busbar and auxiliary branch busbar, with self-cooing mode. The conductor of enclosed busbar adopts circular tube aluminum busbar and positive Y insulator support mode and the busbar to casing (ground) is not less than 240mm; the casing adopts aluminum circular tube and the neutral point adopts busbar chamber structure; the bulk life time of enclosed busbar should not be less than 30 years. Inspection before busbar energization: 1) 2) 3) 4) d) The work-sheet of the loop subordinate to busbar is concluded; safety measures are removed; the busbar is clean. The busbar insulation is acceptable (subject to repair notice). The busbar insulator is free of crack and deformation and the screws of components are complete and fastened. The casing short-circuit grounding and casing grounding of enclosed busbar are firm and sound.
c)
Inspection of busbar in operation: 1) 2) 3) The busbar and insulator as well as conductor joint are free of heat generation, color change and burnt odor. The support insulator is free of breakage and deformation and the casing grounding of enclosing busbar is sound. The connecting screws are free of looseness and abnormal vibration.
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4) 5) e)
No water accumulation and water shut-off exist inside the casing of enclosed busbar. The enclosed busbar is free of abnormal heat generation.
The busbar temperature is high and the busbar has obvious heat generation, color change or burnt odor; the disposal method is as follows: 1) 2) 3) Inspect whether busbar current exceeds rated value. Adjust operation mode and reduce busbar current, and if the conditions permit, strengthen external cooling. If the above disposal is of on effect, apply to the dispatcher for shutdown and repair.
f)
Disposal of abnormal vibration: 1) 2) If the vibration is caused by loose casing screw and support insulator, try to eliminate it in time. If the vibration is caused by conductor body, it should be shut down for inspection and disposal.
12.3.2 Power Cable a) b) Generally, normal operating voltage of cable should not exceed 15 of rated voltage. The long-time allowable temperature of cable conductor should not exceed the values listed as the following table (if the values diverge from the manufacturers specified values, the manufacturers specified values prevail). Unit: . Voltage Cable type Rubber insulation Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulation Polyethylene (PE) insulation Cross-linked polyethylene insulation c) 90 3kV and below 65 65 6kV 65 65 70 90 70 90 10kV
The long-time allowable current-carrying capacity of cable during normal operation should be calculated and determined according to the operating temperature of cable conductor, loss and thermal resistance of each part of cable, laying mode, ambient temperature and heat dissipation conditions, etc. In principle, cable overload is not allowed, even if the overload arises from fault disposal, normal current should be restored quickly. In an emergency, short-time overload is allowed for cable and the following requirements should be complied with: 1) 1) 10overload for 2h continuously is allowed for 380V cable.
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2) 3)
2) 15overload for 2h continuously is allowed for 6kV cable. 3) After the specified time of overload ends, normal load should be restored at once. For the intermittent overload, the overload once again is not allowed until after the last overload ends 1012h.
d)
Before the cable with power outage more than one week but less than one method is put into operation again, the insulation resistance should be measured with megameter. If any doubt, the high voltage test must be conducted to inspect whether the insulation is sound. For the cable with power outage more than one month but less than one year, the DC high voltage test must be conducted. For the cable with power outage exceeding test period, the cable must be tested according to preventive test standby items. The insulation resistance of 6kV cable, measured with 2500 megameter for 60s should not be less than 6 and the insulation resistance of 380cable, measured with 500megameter for 60s should not be less than 0.5. The standby power cable should be charged up for operation as much as possible.
e)
The cable for metal box type busbar is insulated with ethylene-propylene rubber and provided with chlorosulfonated polyethylene fire-retardant sheath; the resin toughened glass material is used for cable supporter. The pressure type joint is used for cable joint and the contact surface is silvered; maximum operating temperature of spiral connection joint should not exceed 105. For the arrangement and laying of cable in box, the equalizing of conductor current distribution should be considered; the in-phase should not exceed 4 and the phase-phase should not exceed 5.
f)
g)
Inspection of cable in operation: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Cable channel cover plate should be complete and cable channel is free of water accumulation, oil accumulation or other impurities. For each cable line laid in the ground, inspect whether road surface is normal; whether there is excavation trace; whether line marking stake is intact, etc. Forbid stacking up rubble, slag, building material, heavy workpiece, acid and alkaline excrement or build lime pit by piling bricks, clay, stones on cable line, etc. The cable head does not generate heat and the bushing is free of breakage and discharge trace. The ventilation, drainage and lighting facilities in cable channel or cable tunnel should be complete and in particular, the fire control facilities should be complete. The cable sheath temperature should not exceed allowable normal value and the load current should not exceed allowable value.
h) i)
The special inspection of water level in cable channel should be performed in thunder storm weather in summer. The power supply must be cut off immediately in the case as follows:
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1) 2) 3)
The cable insulation is broken down as a result that the cable is grounded to discharge electricity. The cable sheath is ruptured and the shielding layer has been damaged, which has a strong impact on correctness of operation measurement and control. The cable catches fire and generates smoke.
12.4 Current Transformer (CT) and Potential Transformer (PT) 12.4.1 The secondary side of PT in operation should not be short-circuited and the secondary side of CT should not be open-circuited. 12.4.2 After repaired, PT should not be put into operation until it passes the test conducted by tester. Inspection before put into operation: a) b) c) d) e) PT high voltage side neutral point, casing and secondary side grounding are in good condition. No short circuit line and impurity hindering operation exist. Each part is clean and free of oil seepage and both oil level and oil color are normal. The bushing and insulator are complete and free of crack, etc. The screw of each part should be fastened.
12.4.3 After CT is repaired, the insulation should be acceptable. Inspection before put into operation: a) b) c) d) e) Secondary connection is firm and secondary loop has no obvious open circuit. Each part is clean and no impurity hindering operation exists. The bushing and insulator are complete and free of crack, etc. The casing and the secondary ground wire are intact. The screw of each part should be fastened.
12.4.4 Inspection of PT in operation: a) b) c) d) Oil level is normal; oil color is transparent; no oil seepage exists. The bushing and insulator are clean and free of crack and electric discharge sign. High voltage side neutral point, casing and secondary side ground wires are intact and sound; the breakdown assurance should be normal. PT cubicle should be intact and closed well, and moreover, the humidity should not be too large.
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a) b) c)
12.4.5 Inspection of CT in operation: The bushing and insulator are free of crack and discharge sound as well as abnormal sound. The screw of each part is fastened and free of looseness, discharge spark and abnormal heat generation. The casing and the secondary grounding are sound.
12.4.6 PT secondary switch tripping (cutout blown) or loop disconnection a) Faults: 1) When the pointer and AVR PT secondary switch trips (cutout blown) or the loop is disconnected, the indication of relevant voltmeter, cycle counter and active and reactive meters is not normal; if I it is in 2 channel operation before fault, it switches to 1 channel operation automatically. When AVR PT is disconnected, AVR will switch to manual mode from automatic mode and make an AVR PT blackout signal; if I it is in 1 channel operation before fault, it switches to 2 channel operation automatically. When the protection PT secondary switch trips or the loop is disconnected, relevant voltage loop disconnection alarm window is sent out. PT high voltage cutout is blown and a ground signal may be made, but here normal phase indication of phase-to-ground voltmeter is normal.
2)
3) 4) b)
Disposal: 1) No matter which PT secondary switch trips or loop is disconnected, the time should be recorded accurately and the reading of kilowatt-hour meter should be recorded as much as possible respectively when the secondary switch trips and recovers. When the protection PT secondary switch trips or the loop is disconnected, in order to prevent protection misact, contact with the dispatcher and then stop the protection. When the generator PT secondary switch trips or is disconnected, the requirements in generator part of this manual should be complied with. When the auxiliary power busbar PT secondary switch trips, stop the auxiliary power quick change-over device and open the busbar low-voltage DC secondary switch. Replace cutout: when the high voltage cutout is blown, open the PT knife-switch (pull out PT cabinet body) and open the low voltage secondary switch; put on insulation tools and replace the blown phase cutout. After replaced, if the cutout is blown again, stop the replacement and find out the fault source further, if the operator can not handle the fault, report to relevant leader in time. If the fault has relatively great impact and can not be eliminated within short time, follow the shift-chief operators order to change the operation mode of relevant
2)
3) 4) 5)
6)
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7)
equipment and then handle the fault. After return to normal through disposal, restore normal operation mode in time.
12.4.7 PT is generally operated by means of knife-switch and is stopped and put into operation along with busbar in normal condition. When the in-service PT must be stopped singly, relevant protection and automatic device should switch over or be stopped. If a fault happens, the power supply of PT busbar should be cut off by means of switch and then the fault PT should be isolated. 12.4.8 CT secondary loop is open-circuited: a) Faults: 1) 2) 3) b) The pointer CT secondary side is open-circuited and the indication of relevant ammeter and active and reactive meters is not normal. The differential protection CT secondary side is disconnected, and relevant differential disconnection signal is made. When serious, CT makes an abnormal sound; electric discharge, smoking, burnt odor and even primary loop fault may be caused.
Disposal: 1) 2) When the differential protection CT secondary side is disconnected, stop the differential protection. After safety measures are taken for fault CT, the secondary short connection work may be conducted, if possible, reduce fault CT primary current or disconnect primary side for disposal by protector.
12.4.9 Both PT and CT should be stopped in any case as follows: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) The interior has serious discharge sound and abnormal noise as well as violent vibration. The smoking, fire or burnt odor is discovered. PT high voltage cutout is blown twice continuously. The bushing is damaged and oil leakage causes no oil level indication. Discharge electricity between leading wire and casing. The transformer temperature is too high. It is very danger to personal and equipment safety.
12.4.10 Fire disposal of CT and PT: a) b) Shut off power supply immediately by means of switch. Use carbon tetrachloride or carbon dioxide and 1211 fire extinguishers to put out the fire
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and do not use foam fire extinguisher or water to put out the fire.
12.5
Lightning Arrester
12.5.1 The lightning arrester should be put into operation in normal condition. It must pass the test before the lightning arrester is put into operation. 12.5.2 After lightning storm, inspect whether lightning arrester exterior has discharge trace and whether lightning recorder acts. 12.5.3 Inspection of lightning arrester: a) b) c) d) It should be clean around lightning arrester and the exterior insulator should be intact, clean and free of crack and discharge trace. The grounding flat iron should be intact; the lightning recorder should be connected well and inspect whether lightning recorder acts. Each joint connection of combined lightning arrester is firm and free of incline. When the lightning happens, forbid approaching grounding lead-down wire of lightning arrester.
12.5.4 The lightning arrester should be stopped immediately in any case as follows: a) b) c) d) e) Lightning arrester insulating bush explodes, or broken, or discharges electricity severely. There is discharge sound inside lightning arrester. Lightning arrester ground wire is loose and broken off. Lightning arrester connecting lead wire is loose and broken off, which may cause grounding. When the lightning arrester is in operation, if there is smoking and fire, or the bushing is badly damaged, or there is electric discharge, or the single-phase grounding or phase-to phase fault will be caused, stop the lightning arrester immediately by means of switch.
12.6 Special Inspection 12.6.1 After the system goes out of order within short time and the forced excitation acts, a full inspection should be performed for generator and other main equipment. 12.6.2 Special inspection of outdoor power distribution device: a) Before strong wind, inspect whether there are weeds and other things that are blown away by strong wind to cause short circuit, around busbar and power distribution device; inspect whether the lightning rod above power distribution device is skew or may be
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blown down by wind. b) c)
In light rain and fog day, outdoor equipment bushing and insulator should not be free of discharge or flashover. In snowy day, inspect that the conductor should not be coated with too thick ice or the long icicle should not be generated; inspect that the falling snow in connection joint should not be melted immediately. After lightning storm, inspect whether the lightning arrester has exterior discharge trace and whether the lightning recorder acts. In lightning storm day, a special inspection should be performed for water level in cable channel. When the air temperature changes suddenly, the oil conservator and the oil level of oil filled bushing should be inspected. When the air temperature drops sharply, the switch heating device should be put into operation in good time according to the circumstances of air temperature drop and should be stopped after the temperature rises.
d) e) f)
13 Diesel Generator and Emergency Power Supply

13.1 Equipment Specification 13.1.1 Specification of Diesel Generator Equipment (table 1) Table 1 Specification of Diesel Generator Equipment ItemsOWER Model Manufacturer PowerRATED kw Power factorPOWER FACTOR CurrentRATED CURRENT A VoltageVOL AGE FrequencyFREQUENCY Hz Rotating speed ROTATING Nominal Parameter PRZME AG850-4 MTU Company (Germany) 680 0.8 1231 400/230 50 1500 24 6600 Maximum Parameter STANDBY
SPEED R/MIN Battery voltage BATTERY VOLTS Gross weightGENSE MAXMASS kg
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Excitation mode Fuel oil specification
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL PLC Brushless self-excitation 0 diesel oil 194 15W40CDShell or Mobil Water cooling Electric starting Neutral point solid ground
Control system CONTRL SYSTEM
Fuel oil consumption rate g/kW.h Lubricating oil specification Cooling mode Starting mode Neutral point grounding mode 13.2
Interlocking Logic Description of D/G and Emergency Power
13.2.1 Automatic Startup Besides automatic control mode, the unit is provided with two manual control modes, namely local control cabinet control and remote control in central control room. Normal switching of power source is attained by means of mutual interlocking between unit feeder circuit breaker and operating power source incoming line circuit breaker in AC emergency safety section. When the safety-section busbar voltage is lost, after 3-6s time delay (avoid automatic put-in time of relaying protection and standby power source), the diesel generating unit starts up automatically by means of linkage of safety-section busbar voltage monitoring relay and auxiliary relay; when the frequency and voltage of diesel generating unit reach the setting value, the outlet switch of diesel generating unit is closed and here the interlocking safety-section operating power source incoming line circuit breaker trips and the safety-section diesel generating unit feeder circuit breaker is closed, and then the unit begins to supply power to safety-section busbar. When the safety-section operating power source recovers, the stop command is given manually according to program and the unit trips and stops automatically. During normal standby, the safety (A and B)-section busbar voltage should be monitored by means of real-time online. When the busbar voltage is lower than setting value and after certain time delay (may be set), the startup command is not received or the command is received, but the unit fails to start up, and here an alarm should be given to the operator in central control room at once and the operator is allowed to give a startup command by means of emergency button on control board. The command channel should be independent of normal program starting channel, i.e. the unit program start should adopt dual channel. The local manual mode is used for shutdown. After shutdown, the outlet circuit breaker is disconnected automatically and the two-way switch value is respectively outputted to safety A and B-section safety source circuit breaker to switch off it. In addition, the local emergency shutdown button should be installed. The local control is used for test, adjustment and normal maintenance of unit and here the unit is usually in no-load operation. When the on-load test needs to be conducted for unit, the starting process is the same as automatic. Only startup command is given by means of local manual operation. And here the
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transient parallel is available to unit and power plant source and then switches to unit power supply; when the test is completed, the unit should also be in transient parallel with power plant source and finally switches to power plant source. The automatic adjusting device should ensure stable switching of load power supply. If the self-starting of diesel generator all fails thrice, the shutdown signal is made, and moreover, the block self-starts loop. 13.3 Normal Operation, Maintenance and Notice
14.3.1 In normal condition, the diesel generator should be put in hot reserve and the no-load local manual starting test should be conducted once respectively on the 10th day and 25th day of every month for the diesel generator in hot reserve, but the no-load running time should not exceed 10min every time. 14.3.2 Inspection items of diesel generator in hot reserve: a) b) c) Inspect that all switches, knife-switches and control switches are in correct position and meet self-starting conditions; Inspect that diesel generator outlet switch and safety power switch are normal; Inspect that special 24V battery voltage and floating charge current should be normal: 24V DC power source for diesel generator starting motor is provided by 212V special battery (200Ah); the special battery should be fully charged normally and the voltage is not less than 27V; the battery is charged by external charger that is put into automatic floating change operation normally; d) e) f) g) Inspect that no abnormal signal is made on control panel of diesel generator body, with correct state; Inspect that no abnormal signal is made on PLC control cabinet of diesel generator, with correct state; Inspect that the diesel generator and its surrounding are clean and free of impurities; The diesel generating unit is free of oil leakage and water leakage; the oil level in oil tank of diesel generator is normal; the oil way valve is opened.
14.3.3 It is strictly prohibited that the diesel generator is in parallel operation with system. When 380V safety-section busbar switches to normal power supply manually from diesel generator power supply, the short-time power outage mode should be adopted; 14.3.4 After the diesel generator is started and shut down each time, the reset button must be pressed for resetting once; 14.3.5 During operating period, some one must be on the spot to monitor the operating condition of diesel generator and the prescribed requirements should be met. The operating parameters such as voltage, current, vibration, frequency and temperature of diesel generator should not exceed allowable value and no abnormal alarm signal is made on control panel;
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14.3.6 After the diesel generator is overhauled, the self-starting on-load test must be conducted and the diesel generator should not be put into operation until it returns to normal; 14.3.7 The unit may operate stably for long time under rated power; the allowable operating time is 1h under 1.1 times of rated power and the allowable operating time is 10s under 3.0-times short-time overload; 14.3.8 After the diesel generator is stopped by clapping emergency shutdown button manually on the spot, the emergency shutdown button must be drawn outward and then can be reset; 14.3.9 When the air temperature is below 0 in winter, the diesel generator water heater should be put into operation; 14.3.10 The fire-extinguishing apparatus in diesel generator room should be all complete. 14.3.11 Protection configuration and operating condition of diesel generator a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Unit overspeed protection: shut down and close oil valve, audible and visual alarm; Over low lubricating oil pressure: shut down and close oil valve, audible and visual alarm; Diesel generator self-starting failure: shut down and close oil valve, audible and visual alarm; Diesel generator cooling water overtemperature: shut down and close oil valve, audible and visual alarm; Diesel generator protection outlet CB protection act: shut down and close oil valve, audible and visual alarm; Namely: low voltage block overcurrent protection, reverse power protection and automatic voltage regulator protection; Diesel generator emergency tripping: audible and visual alarm; Low diesel generator lubricating oil: audible and visual alarm; Low diesel generator cooling water level: audible and visual alarm; Low oil level in oil tank of diesel generator: audible and visual alarm; High diesel generator cooling water temperature: audible and visual alarm; Diesel generator single-phase grounding protection: audible and visual alarm;
m) Diesel generator overload protection: audible and visual alarm; n) 13.4 Low diesel generator battery voltage: audible and visual alarm; Abnormal Conditions and Disposal
13.4.1 Off-normal starting and abnormal operation of diesel generator a) Source of starting failure:
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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) b)
No fuel oil or fuel oil is short; The motor cylinder cooling water temperature is low; The battery voltage is low; The injecting oil pump is filled with air; The starting motor breaks down; The control loop fails.
Disposal: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Inspect according to the above circumstances, and when necessary, heat up or fill oil; Inspect diesel generator starting battery voltage. If the voltage is low, the battery must be charged; if the connection is poor, it should be fastened; Inspect whether fuel oil piping and filter are choking; Inspect injecting oil pump and loosen screw plug to discharge air; If battery voltage is over low, the battery should be charged by equalizing, if starting motor is faulty, perform relevant inspection and disposal; Inspect relevant control loop and clear relevant fault; If the gas exhaust system generates white smoke, it shows that fuel oil has entered into motor, and inspect whether solenoid valve is in working order.
13.4.2 Diesel generator generating white smoke a) Source of fault: 1) 2) 3) b) Exhaust smoke contains moisture; After the generator starts, the loading up is excessively quick; The oil injector is off-normal.
Disposal: 1) 2) Inspect whether fuel oil contains water and eliminate water leakage source; If it is still of no effect through the above disposal, the oil injection distributor and the component that may goes out of order should be inspected and repaired by repairer.
13.4.3 Diesel generator generating blue smoke a) Source of fault: 1) 2) 3) The motor runs without load for long time; The exhaust smoke is mixed with lubricating oil; The operating condition of motor piston ring is bad.
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b) Disposal: 1) 2) 3)
Increase motor load as much as possible; Inspect lubricating oil seepage point; Repair the motor piston ring and the component that may goes out of order by repairer.
13.4.4 Diesel generator is under capacity or generates block smoke a) Source of fault: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) b) Air filter is too dirt; Oil nozzle is faulty; Fuel oil valve is faulty and valve opening is not enough; Injecting oil pump breaks down; Oil injection distributor is off-normal; Turbocharger is too dirt or faulty.
Disposal: 1) 2) Inspect and clean air filter; Make relevant disposal by repairer.
13.4.5 Diesel generator overheating a) Source of fault: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) b) Water circulating piping ring is choking; Water piping is not filled with water or there is air; Water level in water tank is lower; Radiator is blocked; Cooling water temperature regulator goes wrong; Water pump breaks down.
Disposal: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Inspect whether cooling water piping and radiator are blocked, when necessary, clean them; Fill water pipe with water and discharge air in pipe; Inspect whether water level in water tank is normal, when necessary, fill water; Make relevant disposal by repairer; Inspect ventilation condition of machine house;
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6)
Inspect whether ambient temperature is within diesel generator design range.
13.4.6 Diesel generator overloading a) Disposal: If it is found that the diesel generator is overloaded during operation, relevant electrical loop should be inspected at once. If no abnormal condition is found out, remove unit part load and then inspect operating condition of generator. 13.4.7 The diesel generator rotates at high speed and the rotating speed can not drop: a) b) Source of fault: the speed control system is out of order; Disposal: emergency shut down and cut off fuel oil.
13.4.8 Faults and disposal When the following serious faults happen to diesel generator and the protection does not act, and immediately clap the emergency shutdown button manually on the spot to stop diesel generator: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) The generator generates smoke and catches fire; Generator coil temperature rises to limit value; Generator stator is grounded; Generator voltage drops to limit value; Generator voltage rises to limit value; The unit speed exceeds limit value; Cooling water temperature rises to limit value; Lubricating oil pressure drops to limit value.
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14 110 kV system operation

14.1 110 kV system operation mode 14.1.1 Electrical Wring 110 kV station transformer (TD11) is connected to Hoanh BoGiap Khan overhead line T type by means of a 110kV circuit breaker (131) and connection switch( 131-3,131-7). 14.1.2 Grounding Mode High-voltage side of Station transformer is grounded directly; low-voltage side grounding via a resistance of 3.8 . 14.1.3 Normal operation mode of 110 kV system In normal case, The 110 kV system as the standby power supply for all 6.6 kV section bus bar. Beside relay protection tripping or the order form A0, the 110 kV system is forbidden to be power cut without permission! 14.1.4 Technical Specification of 110 kV station transformer Name of Equipment Manufacturer Model Number of phases Rated capacity Rated voltage Rated current Cooling mode Wiring category No-load loss Load loss No-load current Impedance voltage Voltage regulating mode Wire type standby transformer Shenyang Transformer Co., Ltd. SFZ-CY-50000/115TH Three-phase 50Hz 50000/31500-25000-31500kVA 115101.0/6.86.8kV 251.02/2674.49A ONAN YNyn0yn0d11 33.6kW 160kW 4.8A 19 On load Staition transformer is selected as transformer with balance coil. split
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14.1.5 Rated Operation Mode
14.1.1.1 The station transformer should operate according to rated nameplate parameters specified by manufacturer. The transformer may operate according to rated capacity all the year around under rated conditions of use. 14.1.1.2 Allowable temperature of transformer in operation should be monitored according to upper-layer oil temperature. When cooling medium temperature drops, the upper-layer oil temperature of transformer should also drop. Maximum upper-layer oil temperature should not exceed 95. In order to prevent transformer oil deterioration acceleration, the upper-layer oil temperature should not exceed 85 frequently. The middle and upper-layer oil temperature and temperature rise of oil immersed transformer in operation with different cooling mode should not exceed the specified value shown as following table: Cooling Mode Oil immersed self-cooling and air cooling Forced oil circulating air cooling Upper-layer Oil Temperature Rise Maximum Upper-layer Oil Temperature 95 General Upper-layer Oil Temperature
55
85
45
85
75
14.1.1.3 The applied primary voltage of transformer may be higher than rated value, but usually should not be greater than 105 of rated voltage of relevant tap. No matter where the transformer tap is, if the applied primary voltage does not exceed 5% of relevant rated value, secondary side of transformer may be loaded with rated current. 14.1.6 Allowable Overload Operation Mode 14.1.2.1 The station transformer may operate in the case of normal overload and emergency overload. Normal overload may be used frequently and its allowable value may be determined according to transformer load curve, cooling medium temperature and transformer-carried load before overloading, etc. Emergency overload is only allowed to be used in an emergency. When the transformer has major defects (e.g. cooling system is off normal; oil leaks severely; chromatographic analysis is abnormal, etc.), overload operation is not allowed. Normal overload and emergency overload capacity of oil immersed transformer should comply with the manufacturers requirements. In case no manufacturers requirements are available, the allowable time of emergency overload of oil immersed transformer may be referred to the following table according to different cooling mode and ambient temperature: Allowable Operating Time of Oil Immersed Self-cooling Transformer in the Case of Emergency Overload (h: min)
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Overload Times 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 0 2400 2400 2300 830 445 300 205 130 100 040
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Ambient Temperature 10 2400 2400 1000 510 310 205 125 100 035 022 20 2400 1300 530 310 200 120 055 030 018 011 30 1900 550 300 145 110 045 025 013 009 006 700 245 130 055 035 018 009 006 005 40
14.1.7 Insulation Monitoring 1) Before the transformer is put into operation and after repair or service interruption, the insulation resistance at each side of transformer should be measured. During measurement, the voltage transformer connected to transformer must be disconnected. 2) When the insulation resistance of transformer coil is measured, 2500V megameter should be used for the coil with voltage of above 10kV and 500V megameter should be used for the coil with voltage of below 500V. 3) Before measurement, the measured coil should be grounded to discharge electricity; during measurement, R15 and R60 values should be measured and the absorptance R60/R15 is calculated according to measured result. After completion of measurement, the electricity should be discharged to the ground. 4) The insulation resistance value of oil immersed transformer should comply with the following requirements: The absorptance of above 20kV transformer and below 20kV transformer at 10-30 should not be lower than 1.3 and 1.2 respectively. The insulation resistance should not be less than the specified value shown as following table. Allowable Insulation Resistance Value of Oil Immersed Transformer (M)
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Temperature High Voltage Winding Voltage 310kV 2035kV 60500kV 450 600 1200 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
300 400 800
200 270 540
130 180 360
90 120 240
60 80 160
40 50 100
25 35 70
Note: both medium and low voltage insulation resistance standard of identical transformer is the same as high voltage winding. When the measured insulation resistance value is unacceptable, report to shift-chief operator in time and contact with repairer to find out and eliminate fault source. After fault removal, restore transformer standby mode and put transformer into operation according to the dispatchers order. 14.2 110 kV system operation 14.2.1 Preparation before Station Transformer Put into Operation Before the transformer is put into operation, the work sheet of relevant electrical connection loop of transformer should be revoked, and moreover, disconnect ground wire and short circuit wire; make sure the transformer is intact and the loop is complete and meets operating condition, and besides do well the work as follows: a) Measure that transformer insulation resistance should be acceptable (for the repaired equipment, check electrical repair hand-over record book); b) Inspect that transformer tap is in correct position; both oil color and oil level of oil conservator are normal; each part of transformer body is free of oil impregnate and leakage; c) Gas relay valve should be opened and filled with oil; the interior should be free of gas and the covering hood should be intact; d) Inspect that cooler valve should be opened and each cooling device should be in good condition (after repair, the valve should be opened by repairer); cooler power source interlocking and motor trial operation should be normal; e) Inspect that breather silica gel color should be normal; pressure relief valve should be intact and in reset state; permanent ground wire in each part of transformer should be firm and reliable. f) Inspect that transformer thermometer wiring is intact and setting temperature meets the requirement. g) Inspect that secondary loop equipment (control, pointer and protection device, etc.) should be intact; protection devices of transformer during normal operation should be put into operation correctly.
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14.2.2 Operation of Transformer a) The power interruption and transmission operation of transformer not only should comply with relevant electrical operation and accident treatment regulations but also should comply with the following requirements: 1) The transformer should be charged up from the power source side provided with protection device. In the case of power interruption, the power source-side switch provided with protection device should be disconnected finally. Use fuse to put in or release transformer and strictly prohibit using knife-switch to put in or release transformer.
2)
b) After coil replacement and overhaul, Station transformer and low-voltage house service transformer after repair must not be put into operation until checking that phase sequence and charging are normal. c) The voltage tap of on-load regulating switch of on-load regulating transformer may be switched during normal operation of transformer. During switching operation, pay attention to the following: 1) 2) 3) 4) Give attention to tapping switch position indication, transformer current and voltage of any other side; In principle, for on-load regulating switch, only operate a gear once and then with an internal of time, adjust the next gear; When the transformer is overloaded, do not operate on-load tapping switch frequently; The on-load regulating tapping switch is electrically operated in normal condition. When electric operation is out of order, it may be manually operated, but necessary safety measures should be taken.
14.2.3 When the on-load regulating tapping switch is manually operated, cranking 33 circles by hand every time is a tap; clockwise is voltage step-up direction and anticlockwise is voltage step-down direction. Operating procedure: take off connecting sleeve cover and switch off the power source of electrically operated mechanism; install the built-in handle crank to worm shaft for operation, after completion of switching, inspect that handle crank is just vertical upward and numerical value display is just right in the middle of indicating piece notch, and finally make connecting sleeve return to original state. 14.2.4 The on-load regulating switch of transformer should be maintained and inspected according to the following requirements: a) The defilement degree of oil in change-over switch insulating cylinder should be inspected regularly. Usually, after operating about 1000 times under rated current, the oil sample should be assayed once and withstand voltage value of oil should not be less than 30kV. When withstand voltage value of oil is less than 30kV, it must be replaced with new oil. Even if withstand voltage value of oil exceeds 30kV, it must be also replaced with new oil once a year.
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b) c)
The electrically operated mechanism should keep intact at all times. The gas protection and explosion-proof equipment of tapping switch should be intact, after they acts, and find out the reason.
14.2.5 The gas protection of transformer in operation or in hot reserve must be put in trip position and the gas protection of transformer in cold reserve may be put in signal position to facilitate monitoring oil level of transformer. 14.2.6 When the oil level indicated on oil level gauge rises abnormally, the reason for oil level rise should be found out. Before gas protection trip strap is released, the opening of various gas discharge or oil drain plugs is prohibited to clean up moisture absorber or to do any other work so as to prevent gas protection misoperation trip. 14.2.7 When the transformer operates in the following cases, heavy gas protection strap should be changed to signal from trip, after completion of operation, the gas protection should return to trip position. a) b) c) d) In the case of oil filling, oil filtering or replacing oil submerged pump; In the case of cleaning eyelets of breather or opening valves in any other position to discharge gas, drain oil or feed oil (except oil sampling and gas relay degassing); In the case of operating on gas protection secondary loop. In the above cases, transformer gas protection putting in trip or changing to signal must be approved by shift-chief operator.
14.2.8 Inspection of Transformer a) During transformer operation, the attendant should monitor transformer operating condition according to pointer indication and should transcribe relevant transformer parameters once a hour in normal case. When the transformer operates in the case of overload or any other abnormal condition, strengthen monitoring the load, upper-layer oil temperature and coil temperature of transformer and reduce transcribing time interval. Inspection of Oil Immersed Transformer in Operation 1) Both oil level and oil color of transformer oil conservator and bushing should be normal; each part of transformer should be free of oil impregnate and leakage; 2) The bushing exterior should be clean, free of breakage crack, discharge track and any other abnormal phenomenon; 3) The sound in each part of transformer should be normal; 4) The temperature in each part of transformer is normal; the opening of oil system valve is correct; fan and oil pump are in normal operation; 5) Each joint of transformer primary loop has sound contact, free of heating;
b)
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6) Pressure relief valve or explosion proof pipe is intact; pressure relief valve is in reset state; 7) Gas relay should be free of gas and should be filled with oil; the valve of gas relay access to oil conservator should be opened; 8) Doors and windows of transformer cubicle should be complete; no water leakage and flowage exist in the cubicle, with sound lighting and ventilation; 9) Inspect that neutral point grounding resistance of transformer is free of overheating; 10) Tapping position of on-load tapping switch and power source indication should be normal; 11) Inspection of transformer neutral point ground resistor: A. It should be free of impurities in resistor; if there is much of dust, the dust should be cleaned off as soon as possible; B. Inspect whether the connection between resistor elements are sound; C. Inspect whether operating condition of insulation supporter is sound; D. Before the resistor still keep operating after the system breaks down, necessary inspection of resistor should be implemented carefully to remove hidden trouble. 14.2.9 Special inspection of transformer: a) b) After gas and differential protections act, perform inspection immediately; increase inspection times in the case of abnormal operation. In rainy, snowy or foggy day, inspect whether transformer joints have steaming and melting or whether flashover discharge is serious; the bushing should be free of breakage and burnt track and the insulator has no the icicle causing flashover. In strong wind weather, inspect that upper outgoing line of transformer should be free of severe oscillation and looseness; the top cover and surrounding are free of impurities. When air temperature changes suddenly, perform special inspection of transformer oil level and operating condition of cooling device and inspect whether overheating or icing exists. In the case of overloading, monitor the change of load, oil temperature and oil level; joint contact should be sound and free of overheating; the cooling system should be in normal operation. After short circuit fault, inspect whether relevant joints are deformed and inject oil; inspect whether transformer neutral point or discharging gap has burnt track.
c) d)
e)
f)
14.3 Abnormal Operation and Trouble Disposal of Transformer 14.3.1 Disposal of Abnormal Operation of Transformer a) During transformer operation, in case any abnormal condition is found (such as oil
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leakage, inadequate oil conservator level, overheating and abnormal sound), make an attempt to eliminate the abnormal condition as soon as possible and report to higher-level leader. If the abnormal condition can not be eliminated until the transformer is stopped, and has the probability of threatening equipment and system safety, the transformer should be stopped immediately. If standby transformer is available, it should be put into operation as soon as possible. b) In any case as follows, first of all, contact 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) with repairer and then stop the transformer:
The crack, oil seepage, discharge and trace happen. The falling object above transformer endangers safety and can not be removed until the power source is interrupted. The oil leaks severely. The load, ambient environmental temperature and cooling condition have no obvious change, but the temperature of transformer rises abnormally. The transformer oil color changes suddenly; or becomes dark and turbid and the viscosity increases, or the oil is unacceptable through periodical assay. The sound is abnormal, but no discharging sound is made. Each lead terminal is loose, generates heat and turns color. On-load regulating device is out of order; tap adjustment is out of control and the tap can not be manually adjusted to be normal. All main protections of transformer are out of operation.
10) In the above cases, if conditions permit, put standby transformer into operation; if no standby transformer is available, stop transformer operation as soon as possible. c) Stop the transformer operation immediately in any case as follows: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) d) Transformer internal sound is relatively large and uneven, with crackling sound; Under normal load and cooling conditions, transformer temperature is abnormal and is on the rise; Oil conservator or pressure relief valve injects oil; Oil quality change is exaggerated and the oil has been carbonized; The bushing has serious breakage and discharging; The oil leaks heavily and the oil level drops to be lower than indication limit of oil level gauge; The transformer is on fire.
When the oil temperature rise of transformer in operation exceeds allowable value, find
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out the reason and take measures to reduce oil temperature, and moreover, do well the work as follows: 1) Inspect the load of transformer and temperature of cooling medium and check the due oil temperature value under the load and cooling medium temperature; Check the indicated temperature value of remote and local thermometers of transformer; Inspect whether transformer ventilation and cooling devices are normal.
2) 3)
If the temperature increase is caused by abnormality of cooling system, try to put cooling system into normal operation. If the abnormality of cooling system can not be eliminated during operation, adjust transformer load to relevant capacity according to the specifications of this manual, till the transformer stops to eliminate the defect. If no problem is found through above inspection, transformer oil temperature is over 10 higher than in normal condition under the same load and cooling temperature, or transformer load does not change, but oil temperature is on the rise, the transformer has had internal fault, so the transformer operation must be stopped immediately. e) Abnormal oil level of transformer 1) When the oil level of transformer is greatly lower than the oil level corresponding to oil temperature of the time, the oil should be filled immediately according to relevant regulations of this manual. When the oil level drops quickly due to much of oil leakage, prohibit changing gas protection to only acting on signal and take the measures for stopping oil leakage quickly, and moreover, report to higher-level leader and fill oil immediately. If the oil leakage can not be eliminated and the oil level has been down to lower limit, the transformer should be out of operation. If transformer oil level drops due to relatively low temperature, in order to avoid dropping to below oil level gauge, the operation mode of cooling device should be adjusted according to the load of the time so as to keep transformer oil temperature and oil level within specified range. 2) When transformer oil level is on the rise because of temperature increase, if the oil level at maximum oil temperature is higher than oil level indicating gauge, the oil should be drained to lower oil level to proper height and avoid oil spill. When transformer oil level rises abnormally arising from breath sealing system blocking or the oil spills out of breather, immediately notify the repairer and report to higher-level leader, and moreover, take effective measures to eliminate the fault. When the above-mentioned oil level is abnormal and the indication of oil level gauge is false oil level, thus any oil drain is forbidden before transformer breather returns to normal. 3) In case oil level is abnormal, monitor closely the oil level gauge of transformer and the change of oil temperature and report to relevant leader in time.
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14.3.2 Trouble Disposal
14.3.2.1 When transformer gas protection acts and makes a signal, inspect the transformer immediately and find out the reason for gas signaling; inspect whether it is caused by air invasion in transformer, or oil level drop, or secondary loop fault. When the transformer has no external fault signs, the gas sample in gas relay should be taken for test analysis. If the gas is combustible and the chromatographic analysis is abnormal, it shows that the transformer has internal fault and must be stopped for repair. During the above disposal, attention should be paid to time interval of gas signaling, if the interval time is shortened successively, it shows that the transformer may trip, and here the gas protection is prohibited to be changed to signal; if standby transformer is available, put it into operation and report to leader immediately to stop the transformer operation. 14.3.2.2 When the gas protection acts and trips, fully inspect transformer and take gas sample for testing. The transformer should not be put into operation until the transformer is inspected fully and the test is acceptable. 14.3.2.3 When the gas protection acts and makes a signal, but the switch does not trip, it usually arises from: Air enters into transformer due to oil filtering, oil filling or untight cooling system; Oil level drops slowly due to temperature reduction or oil leakage; Negative pressure is formed due to breathing system clogging; a little gas is generated due to transformer fault; It is caused by crossing short circuit fault. 14.3.2.4 After the pressure relief valve of transformer in operation mechanical-electrical signal of relief valve should be reset manually. 14.3.2.5 Automatic Trip When the transformer trips, inspect protection to find out which protection acts; the tripping reason of transformer may be determined according to operating condition of protection and external conditions (such as external short circuit and transformer overload, etc.) when the transformer trips; When main protection (such as gas or differential protection) of transformer acts, external inspection of the equipment within protection range must be performed to find out internal fault signs and the insulation resistance of coil should be measured to find out the tripping reason of transformer. If the transformer has internal fault signs, internal inspection should be performed. If it is ascertained that transformer trip is not caused by internal fault but external fault resulting in overcurrent protection act or secondary loop fault. The external inspection of transformer may not be performed to immediately raise voltage from zero or impact closing and put transformer into operation. 14.3.2.6 Disposal of Transformer Fire acts, the
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Immediately cut off power supply and extinguish the fire by use of dry powder, carbon dioxide and 1211 fire extinguishers, and moreover, notify fire department. The liquid is strictly prohibited to be used to extinguish the fire in case the power supply is not cut off. Stop transformer cooling device. If transformer top cover catches fire, open emergency oil drain valve to drain oil and make oil level lower than the position on fire, and moreover, the flame can not be gotten out. If it is caused by internal fault of transformer, the oil can not be drained to prevent transformer explosion.
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14.4 110 kV system switching operation procedures Reminder: Voltage transformer: PT 110 kV Station transfromer: 110 kV TD11 Circuit breaker: CB Ground wire : GW Working power supply: WS Standby power supply: SS Connection switchCS Earthing switchES 14.4.1 Maintenance state to cold standby state of 110 kV staition transfromer TD11 NO. Part 1: Dangerous point precontroal 1.0 Dangerous point False switching operation CS/ES is not on its correct position The load supplied power with ground wire or earthing switch 2.0 Precontroal measures Check the name/number/position earnestly of equipments before operation Forbidden changing the order of operation without permited If the CS or ES is not on correct position, whether can put into operation must accept the maintenance supervisors wirtten suggestions Part 2: Switching operation procedures Get shift director order: maintenance state to cold standby state of 110 kV TD11 Check all work permit sheet have been over , the TD11 on power transmission condition Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 on outside switchgear position Remove the GW ( NO. ) at TD11 side of 6.6kV section 1A SS CB 631A Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 on outside switchgear position Remove the GW ( NO. )at TD11 side of 6.6kV section 1B SSCB 631B Check 6.6 kV section 2A SS CB 632A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 2A SS CB 632A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 2A SS incoming branch PT 632A9 on outside switchgear position Remove the GW ( NO. ) at TD11 side of 6.6kV section 2A SS CB 632A
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Check 6.6 kV section 2B SS CB 632B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 2B SS CB 632B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 2B SS incoming branch PT 632B9 on outside switchgear position Remove the GW ( NO. ) at TD11 side of 6.6kV section 2B SS CB 632B Check 110 kV TD11 CB 131 in open state Check 110 kV TD11 property is normalSF6 compressure indicator shows normal Check 110 kV TD11 CS 131-7 at line side on disconnection position Check 110 kV TD11 CS 131-3 at TD11 side on disconnection position Open the ES 131-38 of TD11 Check the ES 131-38 of TD11 on disconnection position Open the ES 131-38 of TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side Check the ES 131-35 of TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side on disconnection position Open the ES 131-75 of TD11 CB 131 at line side Check the ES 131-75 of TD11 CB 131 at line side on disconnection position Check the ES 131-75 of 110 kV line on disconnection position Check the CT TI131 of TD11 CB 131 at line side is normal Check 110 kV TD11 property is normal terminals box / oil level / oil stain shows normal Check the On-Load Tap-Changer device of TD11 is normal, tapping position accord with the requirements of A0 Check earthing resistance of TD11 is normal Check the circuit of TD11 has no GW
14.4.2 110kV station transformer (TD11) energized and 5 times closing surge test NO. Part 1: dangerous point precontroal 1.0 dangerous point 1 False switching operation 2 CS/ES is not on its correct position 3 The load supplied power with ground wire or earthing switch 4 Violate dispatchers discipline 2.0 precontroal measures 1 Check the name/number/position earnestly of equipments before operating 2 Forbid to changing the order of switching operation without permited If the CS or ES is not on correct position, whether can put into operation must 3 accept the maintenance supervisors wirtten suggestions Forbid adopting the followings method to operation : remove the mechanical interlockoperating the contactor maunuly operating the 4 5 switch by force Before energize, personnle are in the safe area
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Part 2: 1 2 3 4 5
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL switching operation procedures
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Get shift director order110 kV TD11 energized and 5 times closing surging test Check all work permit sheet have been over , the TD11 on power transmission condition Check the surge arrestors CS131 of 110 kV line is normal, the indicator of surge indicator shows normal Check the PT TU131 of 110 kV line is normal, PT oil level shows normal, terminals box is normal, secondary voltage switch on its proper position Close the secondary DC power supply air switch F11/F12/F13/F14/F15 of 110 kV line protection panel Check the secondary DC power supply air switch of 110 kV line relay protection panel no abnormal, changeover switch on its proper position, all module no abnormal signal Check all Protection linking piece in 110 kV line relay protection panel on its proper position accord with the requirements by A0 and relevant regulations Close the secondary DC power supply air switch F11/F12/F13/F14/F15 of 110 kV TD11 protection panel A Check the secondary power supply of 110 kV TD11 protection panel A is normal, changeover switch on its proper position, all module no abnormal signal Check all Protection linking piece in 110 kV TD11 protection panel A on its proper position accord with the requirements by A0 and relevant regulations Close the DC supply switch F11/F12/F13/F14/F15 of 110 kV TD11 relay protection panel B Check the DC supply of 110 kV TD11 relay protection panel B is normal, changeover switch on its proper position, all module no abnormal signal Check all relay protection linking piece in 110 kV TD11 protection panel B on its proper position accord with the requirements by A0 and relevant regulations Check the temporary relay protection set point of device T35 in 110 kV TD11 protection panel A has been set for TD11 energized and closing surge test Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 1A in stopped using sate Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 1B in stopped using sate Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 on outside switchgear position Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 2A in stopped
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24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
using sate Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 2B in stopped using sate Check 6.6 kV section 2A SS CB 632A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 2A SS CB 632A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 2A SS incoming branch PT 632A9 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 2B SS CB 632B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 2B SS CB 632B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 2B SS incoming branch PT 632B9 on outside switchgear position Check 110 kV TD11 CB 131 in open state Check 110 kV TD11 CB 131 property is normal, SF6 compressure indicator shows normal Check 110 kV TD11 CS 131-3 at TD11 side on disconnection position Check the ES 131-38 of TD11 on disconnection position Check the ES 131-35 of TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side on disconnection position Check the CS 131-7 of TD11 CB 131 at line side on disconnection position Check the ES 131-75 of TD11 CB 131 at line side on disconnection position Check the ES 131-76 of 110 kV line on disconnection position Check the PT TU131 of 110 kV line is normal, PT oil level and color shows normal Check the surge arrestors CS131 of 110 kV line is normal, the indicator of surge shows normal Check the TD11 property is normal, oil level and color shows normal, the On-Load Tap-Changer device of TD11 is normal, tapping position accord with the requirements of A0 Check the CT TI131 property of 110 kV TD11 CB 131 at line side is normal, CT oil level and color shows normal Close the control power supply and power supply air switch of the CS 131-7 of 110 kV TD11 CB 131 at line side Close the CS 131-7 of TD11 CB 131 at line side remotely Check the CS 131-7 of TD11 CB 131 at line side on connection position Open the control supply and power supply air switch of the CS 131-7 of 110 kV TD11 CB 131 at line side Close the control supply and power supply air switch of the CS 131-3 of 110 kV TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side Close the CS 131-3 of TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side remotely Check the CS 131-7 of TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side on connection position Open the control supply and power supply air switch of the CS 131-3 of 110 kV TD11 CB 131 at TD11 side Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 on outside switchgear position, fuse plug in good state
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52 53
Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 Close the control supply and secondary voltage air switch B14DK B25ZK B31DK B42DK B53DKof the 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 manually from test position to operation position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 on outside switchgear position, fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 Close the control supply and secondary voltage air switch B14DK B25ZK B31DK B42DK B53DKof 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 manually from test position to operation position Get the shift director order: close the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Closing time: hh mm Check the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 in closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch shows normal Check temperature and voice of TD11 is normal , porcelain insulator is normal Get the shift director order: open the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 Open time: hh mm Check the energies circuit of 110 kV is normal. Get the shift director order: close the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Closing time: hh mm Check temperature and voice of TD11 is normal , porcelain insulator is normal Get the shift director order: open the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Open time: hh mm Check the energies circuit of 110 kV is normal. Get the shift director order: close the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Closing time: hh mm Check temperature and voice of TD11 is normal , porcelain insulator is normal Get the shift director order: open the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Open time: hh mm Check the energies circuit of 110 kV is normal Get the shift director order: close the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Closing time: hh mm
54
55 56 57 58
59
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
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Check temperature and voice of TD11 is normal , porcelain insulator is normal Get the shift director order: open the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Open time: hh mm Check temperature and voice of TD11 is normal , porcelain insulator is normal Get the shift director order: close the 110 kV TD11 CB 131 remotely Closing time: hh mm Check temperature and voice of TD11 is normal , porcelain insulator is normal
14.4.3 Maintenance state to cold standby state of 6.6kV section 1A, 1B NO. Part 1 Dangerous point precontroal 1.0 Dangerous point 1 False switching operation 2 CS/ES is not on its correct position The load supplyed power with ground wire or earthing switch 2.0 precontroal measures 1 Check the name/number/position earnestly of equipments before operation 2 Forbid to changing the order of operation without permited Part 2 operation procedures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Get shift director ordermaintenance state to cold standby state of 6.6 kV section 1A,1B Check all work permit sheet have been over , 6.6 kV section 1A,1B on power transmission condition Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 on operation position, voltage shows normal Check 6.6 kV section 1A WS CB 641A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1A WS CB 641A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A WS incoming branch PT 641A9 on outside swichgear position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 1AC61A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 on outside switchgear position Identifying three phase of 6.6 kV section 1A has no voltage Measure three phase to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 1A A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground M A-ground Check 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 is normal, on outside switchgear position fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position
12
13 14
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15 16
Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A in open state Measure contacts to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation of contacts separately of 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A A-B A-ground MB-C MB- ground MC-A M, C- ground M M
17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28
Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1A SS CB 631A manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 on operation position, voltage shows normal Check 6.6 kV section 1B WS CB 641B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B WS CB 641B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B WS incoming branch PT 641B9 on outside switchgear position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 1B (C61A ) on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9 on outside switchgear position Identifying three phase of 6.6 kV section 1B C61B has no voltage Measure three phase to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 1A A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground M A-ground Check 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9 is normal, on outside switchgear position fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B in open state Measure contacts to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation of contacts separately of 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground M A-ground Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1B SS CB 631B manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check the circuit of 6.6 kV section 1A, 1B C61AC61Bhas no GW
29 30 31 32
33
34 35
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14.4.4
6.6kV seciton 1A, 1B energized C61AC61B NO. Part 1 Dangerous precontroal 1.0 dangerous point 1 False switching operation 2 False order 3 Operating in the wrong HV cubicle 4 Violate dispatchers discipline 2.0 precontroal measures 1 Check the name/number/position earnestly of equipments before operating 2 Forbidden changing the operation order by oneself without permited 3 Forbid to operating equipments without permited that administrated by A0 forbid adopting the followings method to operation : remove the mechanical interlockoperation the contactor maunuly operating the 4 1 2 switchby force Part 2 operation procedures Get the shift director order 6.6 kV section 1A,1B energized Check all work permit sheet have been over , the 6.6 kV section 1A,1B on power transmission condition Check the protection supply of 110 kV TD11 protection panel A is normal, each protection module no abnormal signal, changeover switches on its proper position Check all Protection linking piece in 110 kV TD11 protection panel A on its proper position accord with the requirements by A0 and relevant regulations Check the temporary relay protection set point of device T35 in 110 kV TD11 protection panel A has been set for closing surge test Check the protection power supply of 110 kV TD11 protection panel B is normal, each protection module no abnormal signal, changeover switch on its proper position Check all Protection linking piece in 110 kV TD11 protection panel B on its proper position accord with the requirements by A0 and relevant regulations Check 110 kV TD11 operation normal Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 1A in stopped using state Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 1B in stopped using state Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 2A in stopped using state Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 2B in stopped using state Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A on test position
4 5
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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Check 6.6 kV section 1A SS incoming branch PT 631A9 on operation position, voltage shows normal Check 6.6 kV section 1A WSCB 641A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 641A on operation position Check 6.6 kV section 1A WS incoming branch PT 641A9 on outside switchgear position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 1A C61A on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 close the control power supply and secondary voltage air switch B13DK B2 5ZK B31DK-1 B41DK-2 B51DK-3 B62DKof 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1A PT C61A9 manually from test position to operation position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A close the control power supply air switch B11ZK B22ZK B33ZK B4 5ZKof 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A opening/closing test for 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A, check no abnormal Check 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A in open state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A from test to operation position Check the position indicator of 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A shows normal Check the electrification indicator of three phase has no light Turn the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A on PCR position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SS incoming branch PT 631B9 on operation position, voltage shows normal Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 641B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 641B on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B WP incoming branch PT 641B9 on outside switchgear position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 1B (C61B )on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9 Close the control power supply and secondary voltage air switch B13DK B2 5ZK B31DK-1 B41DK-2 B51DK-3 B62DKof 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9
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Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1B PT C61B9 manually from test position to operation position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B in open state Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B Close the control supply air switch B11ZK B22ZK B33ZK B45ZK of 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B Opening/closing test for 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B, check no abnormal Check 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B in open state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B manually from test position to operation position Check the position indicator of 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B shows normal Check the electrification indicator of three phase has light Turn the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B on PCR position Get shift director order: close the 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A remotely Check the 6.6 kV section 1A SSCB 631A in closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 1A shows normal. Report these results to shift director Check the energies circuit of 6.6 kV section 1A no abnormal. Get shift director order: close the 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B remotely Check the 6.6 kV section 1B SSCB 631B in closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 1B shows normal. Report these results to shift director Check the energized circuit of 6.6 kV section 1B no abnormal.
14.4.5 Maintenance state to cold standby state of 6.6kV section 0A, 0BC60AC60B NO. Dangerous point precontroal 1.0 Dangerous point 1 False switching operation 2 CS/ES is not on its correct position 3 The load supplyed power with ground wire or earthing switch 2.0 Precontroal measures 1 Check the name/number/position earnestly of equipments before operation 2 Forbidden changing the operation order without permited Part 2 operation procedures 1 2 3 Get shift director ordermaintenance state to cold standby state of 6.6 kV section 0A,0BC60AC60B Check all work permit sheet have been over , 6.6 kV section 0A,0B on power transmission condition Check 6.6 kV section 0A SSCB 631A-1connect with 6.6kV section 2A directly
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on outside switchgear position 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Check 6.6 kV section 0B SSCB 630B-1connect with 6.6kV section 2B directly on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1connect with 6.6kV section 1A directly on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-1connect with 6.6kV section 1B directly on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 connect with 6.6kV section 0A directly in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A SSCB 630A-2connect with 6.6kV section 0A directly in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0A SSCB 630A-2 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A SS incoming branch PT 630A9 on outside switchgear position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 0AC60Aon outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9 on outside switchgear position Identifying three phase of 6.6 kV section 0A has no voltage measure three phase to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 0A A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground M A-ground Check 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9 is normal, on outside switchgear position, fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 in open state measure contact to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground A-ground Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 is normal, on outside switchgear position, fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 on outside switchgear position
16
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Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B SSCB 630B-2 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0B SSCB 630B-2 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B SS incoming branch PT 630B9 on outside switchgear position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 0B (C60B) on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 on outside switchgear position Identifying three phase of 6.6 kV section 0B has no voltage measure three phase to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 0B A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground M A-ground Check 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 is normal, on outside switchgear position, fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640B-2 on WSBD position Check 6.6kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 in open state Measure contact to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 A-B MB-C MC-A M A-ground MB- ground M, C- ground Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 is normal, on outside switchgear position, fuse plug in good state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 manually from outside switchgear position to test position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 in open state measure contact to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 A-B MB-C MC-A M MB- ground M, C- ground A-ground Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 manually form outside switchgear position to test position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-1 on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-1 in open state Measure contact to ground Isolation and alternate Isolation separately of 6.6 kV
35 36 37 38
39
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45
46 47 48 49
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section 0B WSCB 640B-1 A-B MB-C 50 51 14.4.6
MC-A
A-ground MB- ground M, C- ground Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-1 manually form outside switchgear position to test position Check the energizied circuit of 6.6 kV section 0A, 0B C60A C60B has not GW
6.6kV section 0A,0B (C60AC60Benergized NO. Part 1 Dangerous point precontroal 1.0 dangerous point 1 False switching operation 2 Violate dispatchers discipline 3 Operating in the wrong HV cubicle 2.0 precontroal measures 1 Check the name/number/position earnestly of equipments before operating 2 Forbid to changing the switching operation order by oneself without permited 3 Forbid to operating equipments without permited that administrated by A0 Forbid adopting the followings methods to operating : remove the mechanical interlock,operating the contactor maunuly, operating the 4 switch by force Part 2 Operation procedures 1 Get shift director order 6.6 kV section 0A,0BC60AC60Benergized Check all work permit sheet have been over , the 6.6 kV section 0A,0B on power 2 transmission condition 3 Check 6.6 kV section 0A SS CB 630A-1 on outside switchgear position 4 Check 6.6 kV section 0B SS CB 630B-1 on outside switchgear position 5 Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 on test position 6 Check 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-1 on test position Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 0A in stopped 7 using state Check the high-speed bus power transfer system of 6.6 kV section 0B in stopped 8 using sate 9 Check 6.6 kV section 0A SS CB 630A-2 in open state 10 Check 6.6 kV section 0A SS CB 630A-2 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0A SS incoming branch PT 630A9 on outside switchgear 11 position 12 Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 in open state 13 Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 on test position 14 Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 on test position 15 Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 0A (C60A) on outside switchgear position 16 Check 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9 on test position 17 Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9
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18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Close the control supply and secondary voltage air switch B13DK B25ZK B3 1DK-1 B4 1DK-2 B5 1DK-3 B6 2DK of 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A PT C60A9 manually form test position to operation position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 Close the DC control supply air switch B1 1ZK B2 2ZK B3 3ZK B4 5ZK of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 Check the relay protection device of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 shows normal Opening/closing test for 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2, check no abnormal Check 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 in open state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 from test to operation position Check the position indicator of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 shows normal Check the electrification indicator of three phase no light Turn the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2 on PCR position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 Close the DC control supply and secondary voltage air switch B13DK B2 5ZK B31DK-1 B41DK-2 B51DK-3 B62DKof 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch PT 640A9 from test position to operation position Check 6.6 kV section 0B SS CB 630B-2 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0B SS CB 630B-2 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B SS incoming branch PT 630B9 on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 on test position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 on test position Check all load CB of 6.6 kV section 0B (C60B) on outside switchgear position Check 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 Close the DC control supply and secondary voltage air switch B13DK B2 5ZK B31DK-1 B41DK-2 B51DK-3 B62DKof 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B PT C60B9 manually form test position to
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operation position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 Close the DC supply air switch B11ZK B22ZK B33ZK B45ZK of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 Check the relay protection device of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 shows normal Opening/closing test for 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-2, check no abnormal Check 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 in open state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 from test to operation position Check the position indicator of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 shows normal Check the electrification indicator of three phase no light Turn the DC control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 on PCR position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug of 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 Close the secondary voltage and DC control supply air switch B13DK B2 5ZK B31DK-1 B41DK-2 B51DK-3 B62DKof 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch PT 640B9 form test to operation position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 on SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 Close the secondary DC control supply air switch B1 1ZK B2 2ZK B3 3ZK B45ZKof 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 Check the relay protection device of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 shows normal Closinging/opening test for 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 is normal Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 in open state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 form test to operation position Check the position indicator of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640A-1 shows normal Check the electrification indicator of three phase no light Turn the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 on PCR position Check the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 on
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SWBD position Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 in open state Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 on test position Connect the secondary control wire plug 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 Close the secondary DC control supply air switch B1 1ZK B2 2ZK B3 3ZK B45ZKof 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 Check the relay protection device of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 shows normal Opening/closing test for 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 is normal Check 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 in open state Rack the truck of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 form test to operation position Check the position indicator of 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 shows normal Check the electrification indicator of three phase no light Turn the control selector switch QK of 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-1 on PCR position Get shift director order: close the 6.6 kV section 0A WSCB 640A-1 remotely Check 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 in closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 0A WS incoming branch shows normal. Report these results to shift director Get shift director order: close the 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-2 remotely Check the 6.6 kV section 0A WS CB 640A-1 in closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 0A shows normal. Report these results to the shift director Check the energied circuit of 6.6 kV section 0A no abnormal Get shift director order: close the 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 remotely Check the 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-1 on closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 0B shows normal. Report these results to the shift director Get shift director order: close the 6.6 kV section 0B WS CB 640B-2 remotely Checking the 6.6 kV section 0B WSCB 640B-2 in closing state, voltage of 6.6 kV section 0B WS incoming branch shows normal. Report these results to shift director Check the energied circuit of 6.6 kV section 0B no abnormal
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15 Relay Protection and Automatic Device

15.1 Management Regulations on Operation of Relay Protection and Automatic Device 15.1.1 Operation principle of relay protection and automatic device: a) Generally, it is not allowed that electrical equipment operates without protection; when necessary, part protection may be stopped after examining and approving formalities have been gone through, but main protection can not be stopped at the same time. During operation, forbid opening the door of protection device cabinet and forbid using mobile telephone and other devices with radio transmission function in relay protection cubicle in central control room. The repair and test work of relay protection and automatic device should be conducted coordinating equipment power outage once. The relay protection and automatic device of uninterrupted power equipment can be stopped for operation only in the case as follows: 1) 2) Above two kinds of main protection devices are available; When the special main protection is in operation, the short-time stop of standby protection is allowed; If the conditions permit, a standby protection is put into operation instead of the protection out of operation; For gas and differential protections of transformer, it is allowable that one set is stopped for short time; The dispatcher approves putting relay protection and automatic device out of operation.
b)
3)
4)
5)
c)
The wiring correctness inspection must be performed by means of load current; short-time stop is allowable in case relevant measures are taken and weather condition is normal. Take strict precautions against CT secondary open circuit and PT secondary short circuit. The put-in and stoppage of relay protection and automatic device of operating equipment as well as mode change must take orders from dispatcher or shift-chief operator and comply with shift-chief operators written order, and moreover, the operation content should be recorded in Operation Log in detail. When it is ascertained that relay protection and automatic device are in danger of misoperation, the attendant is entitled to release the protection device first and then report to higher-level leaders step by step. Generally, AC power source of protection device must be from protection equipment itself or TV of the same loop of protection equipment and TV stoppage is conducted coordinating main equipment (loop) repair or standby state.
d) e)
f)
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g)
The stoppage of single busbar PT can be allowed only in case normal operation of protection device in not influenced. Strictly prohibit stopping DC power source of protection device. If the DC power source needs to be stopped due to fault disposal, it must be submitted to chief engineer for approval, and moreover, relevant safety measures and accident anticipation should be taken.
h)
15.1.2 Division of jurisdiction of protection dispatcher a) Dispatchers jurisdiction: 1) 2) 500kV, 220kV and 110kV line protection and reclosing; Main transformer 500kV and 220kV side zero sequence starting-standby transformer 110kV side zero sequence protection; 500kV, 220kV and 110kV fault recorders. protection and
3) b)
The company dispatchers jurisdiction: 1) Generator protection (excl. main transformer 500kV and 220kV side zero sequence protection); Starting-standby transformer protection (excl. starting-standby transformer 110kV side zero sequence protection); 6kV operation branch, standby branch and feeder protection; Each low-voltage house service transformer and 380V operation branch and standby branch protection; Auxiliary high voltage and low voltage motor protection; DC charging device and synchronizing device; Auxiliary power source quick change-over and standby power source automatic put-in device.
2)
3) 4)
5) 6) 7)
15.1.3 Central control operators should be familiar with and master: a) b) Operating principle and configuration of relay protection and automatic device; Mounted position and capacity of relay protection fuse; function and operation method of strap and control switch, etc. Be able to settle the accident correctly according to operating condition of relay protection; Be able to make analysis and disposal according to abnormal condition of relay protection.
c)
d)
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15.1.4 Regulations of operation on relay protection loop a) Regulations on secondary loop repair work: 1) During equipment repair, the attendant should be in charge of checking whether safety measures of relay protection in work sheet are appropriate and complete; During repair of relay protection and automatic device, the operator should set up working here sign board in front and back of relevant control panel and protection panel and the red identification strip should be set to distinguish the boundary line and scope of repair and operating equipment; After the repair work of relay protection and automatic device is completed, the repairer must restore all equipment and loops to normal operation state. After the completion of site cleaning, the repairer should launch into a detailed site explanation to operator combining concluding work sheet and the repair condition should be recorded in relay protection work log book; main record contents are: setting value change and change report, secondary wiring change, settled and unsettled problems and defects, operation precautions and whether equipment can be put into operation, etc. The operation attendant should carefully perform inspection and acceptance check and then both parties should sign relay protection work log book; In order to prevent protection misoperation of operating equipment, the boring and other work with relatively great vibration are not allowed on or nearby in-service control panel and protection panel; The test and other testing work are not allowed on non-stopped protection device. It is also not allowed to use test button of device to conduct the test in case the protection is not stopped.
2)
3)
4)
5)
b)
Regulations on secondary loop operation: 1) When changing the operation mode of primary system, the consideration should be given to coordination of secondary equipment and relay protection device, i.e. when writing the operation sheet of primary equipment, the adjustment operation relating to relay protection and secondary loop should be written in at the same time; When working on in-service PT or CT secondary loop, PT secondary loop short circuit and CT secondary loop open circuit should be prevented. For all protection devices of operation adjustment, the electrical repairer should put forward detailed adjustment operation requirements; If the relay protection setting value needs to be adjusted or the secondary operation mode needs to be changed due to change of operation mode, it should be executed by operator only when changing the operation mode of relay protection or automatic device by means of clamping strap and switch and other changes are made by
2)
3)
4)
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repairer; the operation attendant should clearly explain the above operation to the shift takeover attendant; 5) For the switching of CT secondary loop terminal, if it is double-layer clamping strap, the break-before-make method must be adopted; if it is single-layer clamping strap, it must switch when relevant primary equipment power supply is cut off and the operator should wear cotton gloves during switching operation;
c)
During operation, the setting value should be changed in sequence as follows: 1) Check whether dispatchers order or original setting value on setting notice complies with actual setting value; Disconnect clamping strap and adjust and recheck it under the guardianship; Measure that no voltage is available at both ends of clamping strap and then put the strap into operation; Keep a record after the setting values are changed.
2) 3)
4)
15.2 Inspection of Relay Protection Device 15.2.1 Inspection items before put into operation: a) b) A written notice of allowing putting into operation should be given by relay protector; Each relay component, clamping strap and test component should be in correct position; the setting values should comply with setting notice or dispatchers order; The indication of each signal lamp on protection device should be correct; The voltage at both ends of clamping strap in tripping loop is zero by measuring with high internal resistance voltmeter or multimeter and then put the strap into operation.
c) d)
15.2.2 Inspection items during operation: a) The switch, knife-switch, fuse, test component plug and clamping strap subordinate to device should be put into sound operation and in correct position. The attendant should clean relay protection panel surface regularly. During cleaning, do not vibrate relay to avoid misoperation, and moreover, forbid washing the equipment on relay protection panel with water and wet cloth. The attendant should perform patrol inspection for relay protection device once a shift. Inspection items include: protection device power supply, signal indication, contact position, clamping strap position, whether relay being out of axis or not, heating element temperature rise, whether rotating elements being normal or not, whether resistance or coil being burned out, changing color, generating smoke and disconnected obviously, etc. The operating equipment protection panel door should be closed.
b)
c)
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d)
The attendant should inspect regularly the operating condition of signaling set such as emergency acoustics, alarm bell and lamp light and inspect whether DC insulation against ground and DC voltage are normal, etc. Action of Relay Protection and Automatic Device
15.3
15.3.1 Record actuating switch (tripping and self-closing, etc), protection signal drop or display and action precedence time and sequence. 15.3.2 Inspect the actuating condition of fault recorder. 15.3.3 When relay protection acts and trips, report fault information to shift-chief operator or dispatcher in time; the protection actuating signal can not be reset until rechecked by the second person. 15.3.4 When the protection acts to make switch trip, if the forced energization or trial energization is needed, the protection actuating signal should be reset first. 15.3.5 If the protection misacts, hold original state as much as possible and notify relay personnel for disposal. 15.3.6 When switching off PT or settling PT loop fault, the protection of PT power supply or tripping action or automatic function of automatic device should be released and the automatic block action of some element should not be deemed to be reliable without measures available. 15.4 Principle Summary and Operation Specification
15.4.1 01 starting-standby transformer protection adopts T35, D30 and T60 type (imported from America) transformer protection device produced and provided by Shanghai Relay Co., Ltd. The protection cabinet includes E and F cabinets. E cabinet 1 Starting/standby transformer protection cabinet, including: 1
T35 E00 HCH F8N H6C M8L digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (starting/standby transformer T35)

Starting/standby transformer differential (three sides) transformer high-voltage side zero-sequence
Starting/standby overcurrent
Starting/standby transformer low-voltage side zero-sequence overcurrent (two) Starting/standby transformer low-voltage side branch current (two)
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2
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 1 set
D30 E00 HCH F8L H6U digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (starting/standby transformer D30)
Starting/standby transformer distance

1Casing outlet relay 1Casing signal relay (panel back) Terminal block (Phoenix) Automatic air subswitch (Siemens), etc. 1 set 1
4 F cabinet 1
Protection supervisor Starting/standby transformer protection cabinet, including:
T60 E00 HCH F8N H6U M8L digital transformer management relay includes the following protection: (starting/standby transformer T60)

Starting/standby transformer differential (three sides) Starting/standby transformer high-voltage side overcurrent Starting/standby transformer high-voltage side zero-sequence differential
Starting/standby transformer low-voltage side zero-sequence differential (two) Starting/standby transformer low-voltage side branch current (two) 1 set
2 3
Starting/standby transformer non-power output Other components of protection cabinet

1Casing outlet relay 1Casing signal relay (panel back) Terminal block (Phoenix) Automatic air subswitch (Siemens), etc.
15.4.2 MFC2000-2 Type Microcomputer Auxiliary Power Quick Change-over Device a) The companys 6kV auxiliary power quick change-over device adopts MFC2000-2 type microcomputer auxiliary power change-over device produced by Wiscom System Co., Ltd. Basic functions of MFC2000-2 type microcomputer auxiliary power quick change-over
b)
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device: real-time monitoring and display of operating parameter and operation mode, mutual switching of operating and standby power sources, low-voltage load reduction, block alarm and emergency disposal, acceleration protection after starting, emergency review, wave recording, print, communication and GPS comparing the time, etc. c) The device has four switching modes: 1. manual switching 2. emergency switching 3. no-voltage starting 4. switch mistrip. 1) The bi-directional switching is all available during manual switching, including parallel automatic, parallel semi-automatic and synchronous switching. When the parallel automatic is selected, the device will close the standby switch automatically, after certain time delay, will trip off the standby switch automatically. When the parallel semi-automatic is selected, the device will close the standby switch automatically and the tripping operation of operating switch is completely manually. After starting, if the parallel switching conditions can not be met, the device will block signaling and enter into waiting for resetting state; 2) When the synchronous switching is selected, the tripping order is released first; when the switching condition is met, the order of closing standby switch is released. During switching, three switching conditions are available (as long as any one condition is met): quick, synchronous catch and residual voltage; when the quick condition is not met, it switches to synchronous catch or residual voltage mode; 3) The device has decoupling function, i.e. during synchronous switching or parallel switching, if the switch that should trips off fails to trip off, both power sources will be in parallel. And here, the device will execute decoupling function and trip off the switch closed just now; 4) The emergency switching is started by protection outlet and it has no option but to switch to standby power source from operating power source; firstly, the operating power switch trips, after make sure that the operating power switch trips off and the switching condition is met, close the standby power switch. The switching condition is the same as that of synchronous switching; 5) No-voltage starting: when auxiliary busbar power source is lost and three-phase voltage is all lower than setting value, and moreover, the time exceeds setting time delay, the device will execute emergency switching automatically; 6) Switch mistrip starting: when the operating power switch mistrips by various reasons (including artificial misoperation), the device will execute emergency switching automatically. d) Operation mode of MFC2000-2 type microcomputer auxiliary power quick change-over device: 1) When the power switch of device is closed, the device panel indicator light +15V, -15V
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and +24V power indicator light is on; 2) During normal operation, the panel operation indicator light flashes thrice per second approximately. The operating parameter and operation mode of equipment are displayed on liquid crystal screen; 3) When the switching operation is executed on the spot, the panel local indicator light is on; when it is executed remotely, the panel local indicator light is off; 4) When the operating power switch is in closing position, the panel operation indicator light is on; when it is in opening position, the indicator light is off; 5) When the standby power switch is in closing position, the panel standby indicator light is on; when it is in opening position, the indicator light is off; 6) After completion of device switching operation, the panel action indicator light is on, after reset, the indicator light is off. If the device does not perform switching operation, the action indicator light is off; 7) When the device is in blocking state (including device blocking and outlet blocking), the panel block indicator light is on and the operation indicator light flashes slowing down approximately once per 2 seconds. When the device is in unblocking state, the block indicator light is off; 8) When the device sends a signal to DCS, the panel communication 1 indicator light is on, or it is off; 9) When the device receives a signal from DCS, the panel communication 2 indicator light is on, or it is off; e) Setup mode of device: the mode setting of 6kV quick change-over device during normal operation is as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Control mode Protection switching mode No-voltage switching mode Local manual switching mode Remote parallel switching No-voltage starting Quick switching Synchronous catch phase lead angle Synchronous catch lead time Remote Series connection Series connection Parallel automatic Automatic Put in service Put in service Put out of service Put in service
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10 11 12 13 f)
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Residual voltage switching Low voltage machine switching auxiliary Put in service Put out of service Put in service Put in service
Standby power loss Outlet put-in or put out of service
Device alarm and disposal: 1) When auxiliary power system and device are in normal operation, no abnormal and b blocking signals will be made, if any, it shows that the operating state is abnormal and it should be disposed according to different circumstances, and after disposal, the alarm window may be reset by means of pressing resetting button; 2) Device power loss: inspect the DC power source voltage of device, including quick change-over cabinet DC power source incoming wire fuse and whether the air switch above cabinet back and the device power source plug-in unit switch are closed, etc;
g)
When the device sends a blocking signal, it may be divided into A and B types according to difference of disposal method: 1) A: 1. Switch position is blocked abnormally (6kV busbar PT isolator is turned on; operating and standby switches are fully opened; when any one condition of operating and standby switches being fully closed is met, the signal is sent out); 2. Device self checking is abnormal; 3. The protection is blocked (such as operating branch overcurrent, etc); 4. One phase or two phases of 6kV busbar PT is or are disconnected; 5. Standby power source is lost; 6. After primary switching; 2) B: 1. External outlet is blocked (close the outlet); 2. The outlet is put out of service in mode setup; 3. All switching modes are put of service (quick switching/residual voltage, lead time, phase lead angle); 3) When the foregoing block A conditions happen, the device enters into waiting resetting state and in such state, the device will not respond to any operation and starting signal and the resetting cannot be otherwise than released manually (before resetting, the quick change-over device should switch to closing outlet, and after return to normal, put in protection starting). If the block or fault still exists and the signal after reset is as before, contact with repairer for inspection in time, and besides, get done with accident anticipation of auxiliary power trip; 4) The block B can be reset automatically and the device does not enter into waiting resetting; the blocking source vanishes and the device is put into operation automatically.
h)
Inspection of device in normal operation:
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1) Inspect that device panel indicator light +15V, -15V, +24V power indicator light is on and operation indicator light flashes approximately thrice per second; 2) The indication of operating power source and standby power source indicator light should be in conformity with actual operation mode; when the device is not in protection blocking, no blocking signal should be made; 3) Protection strap of quick change-over device should be put in correct position. i) Precautions 1) When the operating power source (standby power source) conducts standby power source (operating power source) switch closing and opening test during operation, before manual switching or put in protection starting, the block should be reset manually, or the device can not perform any operation; 2) When the operating power source is put into operation, if standby power source is lost and the device can not detect standby power source, after recovery, the block should be reset manually in time, or the device can not perform any operation. 15.4.3 Operation Manual of LBD-WLB8000 Fault Recorder a) General description: Device description: Model: LBD- WLB8000 Manufacturer: Baoding LBD Electric Co., Ltd. b) Device function: The device is mainly used for the record of voltage and current data of electric system fault or abnormal operating condition and the record of relevant protection and safety automatic device actuating sequence, and used to reproduce electrical quantity variance process during fault and abnormal operation and complete comprehensive analysis of fault recording data, and moreover, provide the basis for determining fault source, correctly analyzing and evaluating the action of protection and automatic device. The device can realize the data acquisition of 64-channel analog value and 128-channel switch value. The starting mode of device includes analog value starting, switch value starting and manual starting. Operating environment requirement of device Ambient temperature: -5~+45 Relative humidity: 90
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c)
Description of device panel 1) Description of indicator light z z Power indicator light: the light is on when power supply is normal; Operation indicator light: the light flashes when the device is in normal operation; the device operation is abnormal, the light is on or off constantly; Data uploading indicator light: the light is on when recording data is transmitted ; Record starting indicator light: the light is on when the device starts recording; Self-check fault indicator light: the light is on once the device goes out of order; Device abnormal indicator light: the light is on when the device does not receive the patrol inspection or mutual inspection order released according to the fixed time within specified time period; Communication fault indicator light: the light is on when the communication in main machine system goes out of order; Test and adjustment indicator light: the light is on when the device enters into test and adjustment state.
z z z z
2) Description of button z Master clear button: used to reset each alarm relay and indication thereof manually. Description of air switch 1DK: device DC power source, providing switch value module operating power source; 2DK: device DC power source, providing analog value module operating power source; 3DK: device AC power source, providing industrial personal computer, display and socket power source.
z z
d)
Device put-in 1) Put the industrial personnel computer and display power source into operation; 2) Put the device AC power switch 3DK into operation; 3) Put the device DC power switch 1DK and 2DK into operation; 4) Observe that the indication of device panel power indication and operation indication signal is normal, without abnormal alarm signal;
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5) If an abnormal signal exists, press master clear button to reset signal. 6) When the device is put out of service, open the device DC power switch 1DK and 2DK; e) Operation maintenance When the device is in normal operation, the panel should have no any abnormal alarm signal and only the device power indicator light and operation indicator light are on. During normal operation, when self-check fault, device abnormal and communication fault indicator lights among device panel signal indicator lights are on, the repairer should be notified for disposal; when the power indication indicator light is not on, firstly, inspect whether device power source is normal, if the power source is normal, the repairer should be notified for disposal; when the operation indicator light is not on, firstly, inspect whether any other alarm signal exists in the device and press master clear button to observe whether the signal can be reset, if not, the repairer should be notified for disposal; 15.4.4 Description of Low-voltage Auxiliary Power Protection Operation Guangning Thermal Power Co., Ltd. adopts WISCOM WDZ-440 low-voltage transformer integrated protection monitoring and control device, WDZ-430 motor integrated protection monitoring and control device, WDZ-431 motor differential protection device and WDZ-410 feeder microcomputer integrated protection monitoring and control device. The device not only can complete normal protection control function but also can directly output the standard 4-20mA analog value of current measurement and the pulse value required for electric energy measurement. a) keyboard and signal indication of WDZ-400 serial auxiliary power integrated protection monitoring and control device WDZ-400 protection device panel is configured with a 12864-lattice Chinese character LCD, eight LED indicator lights, nine press keys and two change-over switch.
Keyboard 1) 2) , , , keys are respectively left, right, up, down shift keys. The plus and minus keys are number add-subtract and protection put-in and out-of-service keys. The enter key is used to confirm current operation and enter the next operation. When the graphic display is default, press the key to enter main menu. The cancel key is used to cancel current operation and return to superior menu. The reset key is used to reset protection actuating signal and device alarm signal.
3)
4) 5)
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6) 7)
Pressing cancel and reset keys at the same time can reset the device. Pressing without release and then pressing + key can increase the contrast of liquid crystal; pressing without release and then pressing - key can reduce the contrast of liquid crystal.
2LED indicator light 1) Alarm indicator light: the light is on when an alarm signal is made in case the device goes out of order by self checking or PT is disconnected and control loop is disconnected; the light is off after the signal is reset. Trip light: the light is on when the circuit breaker is cut off and the close light is off. Close light: the light is on when the circuit breaker is closed and the trip light is off. Remote light: the light is on when the remote/local/test and adjustment change-over switch on panel is switched to remote position and here remote control is put in service; when switched to local or test and adjustment position, the light is off and here remote control is put out of service. Send light: the light is on when the device sends message text to network. Receive light: the light is on when the device receives message text from network. Operation indicator light: the light flashes in operation state and here the block setting value is modified. The flicker frequency is accelerated in test and adjustment state. Action indicator light: the light is on when the protection acts and the light is off after the protection actuating signal is reset.
2) 3) 4)
5) 6) 7)
8)
Change-over switch 1) 2) Manual trip/manual closing change-over switch Test and adjustment/local/remote state change-over switch
Device put-in and out-of-service 1) Put in microcomputer protection power switch in switch cabinet; inspect that device operation indicator light is on; close and trip indicator lights correspond to switch position; remote and local indicator lights correspond to the state of change-over switch on device panel. Device stoppage: shut off microcomputer protection power switch in switch cabinet.
2)
Central (DCS) signal 1) Protection operation: microcomputer protection operating outlet.
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2)
Device fault: microcomputer protection software and hardware fault, notify relay protection personnel for disposal.
b)
Directions for menu operation of WDZ-440 low-voltage transformer microcomputer integrated protection monitoring and control device 1) The menu is tree-structured and has multilevel submenu. In the process of menu operation, move the cursor by means of , , , keys; enter the corresponding submenu by pressing enter key; exit the corresponding submenu by pressing cancel key. Main graphic display during device operation Display when the device is normal: protection real-time clock, current setting value area digit, device address, protection device model, real-time displayed AC quantity sampling value. Main menu during device operation Under main graphic display, press enter key to enter main menu; eight submenus are available under main menu.
2) 3)
4) 5)
Menu Structure Main Menu Submenu State display Measured display value Contents Display the information of state value telesignalisation, etc. in a real-time way such as
value
Display measured voltage, measured current, active power, reactive power, power factor and frequency Display active electric energy pulse and reactive electric energy pulse Display active electric energy and reactive electric energy Display complex representation of voltage, measured current and protection current. The former is real part and the latter is imaginary part Display the phase angle of voltage, measured current and protection current Display protection voltage, protection current and zero sequence current Display operating time, protection event, fault phase, fault
Electric energy pulse display Measured value display Electric display energy
Complex number display Phase display Protection display Report display Operation report angle
value
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Main Menu Submenu
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Contents value, etc.
Self-check report Telesignalisation displacement report Remote order
Display error message, time, setting value area digit and report number Display displacement time, displacement message and report number Display remote order message, time and report number Display protection trip times, remote control trip times, reset times, protection closing times and remote control closing times After the device is energized, if the mantissa of digits displayed in message is odd, the device is normal
Statistical report
Device power-on message Network monitoring Network monitoring Debugging monitoring N1
N2
Communication monitoring
port
Electric energy board monitoring Protection analogy Switch control Test and adjustment operation Relay control Starting recording fault Simulate protection operation of the device Simulate remote operation of the device Relevant relay in operating device (see note 1) The fault recording may be started artificially
Electric energy board test and adjustment Edition message
Adjust electric energy gain and bias and clear electric energy accumulation
Display edition message of the device
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Main Menu Submenu Clear all reports Clear report
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Contents Clear all reports stored in device Clear all operating reports stored in device
operating
Report clearing
Clear self-check report Clear telesignalisation report Clear remote control report
Clear all self-check reports stored in device
Clear all telesignalisation reports stored in device
Clear all remote control report stored in device Set the year, month, day, hour, minute and second in device
Time setting Setting setup Protection setting area digit Protection setting Protection accuracy coefficient Measurement accuracy coefficient Electric energy board accuracy coefficient Communication protocol Electric energy pulse setting
Set current operating setting area digit Complete protection setting and protection control word put-in and out-of-service according to setting list Add protection AC value and adjust protection value Uab, Ubc, Uca, Ia, Ib, Ic and Io by means of adjusting protection accuracy coefficient Add measurement AC value and adjust measurement value MUab, Mubc, Muca, Mia, Mic, P and Q by means of adjusting measurement accuracy coefficient
Adjust active electric energy PE
Set the protocol and baud rate of network N1, N2 and debugging port Set initial value integer and initial value decimal of pulse 1 and pulse 2 and pulse number per word Set device address, password, screen protection time, CT transformation ratio, PT transformation ratio, network N1 and N2, debugging port communication put-in and out-of-service and built-in electric energy put-in and out-of-service
System parameter
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Main Menu Submenu Signal selection
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Contents drive Including signal 1 selection and signal 2 selection. By setting relevant protection put-in and out-of-service, add signal outlet contact when the protection acts. Call initial setting to avoid device giving the alarm of setting self-check fault again
Call initial setting
Note 1: ACTactuating signal relay; FLTfault signal relay; WARN1signal relay 1 WARN2signal relay 2; YHremote closing relay; YT remote tripping relay BCHreclosing relay; DO1shunt tripping relay 1; DO2shunt tripping relay 2 DO3shunt tripping relay 3; DO4shunt tripping relay 4; BTprotection tripping relay c) Protection configuration of WDZ-440 low-voltage transformer integrated protection monitoring and control device 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) High-voltage side current quick-break protection High-voltage side current specified time quick-break protection High-voltage side overcurrent protection High-voltage side overload protection High-voltage side negative-sequence overcurrent section I protection High-voltage side negative-sequence overcurrent section II protection High-voltage side grounding protection Low-voltage side zero-sequence overcurrent protection Non-electric quantity protection
10) Fault recording function d) Protection configuration of WDZ-430 motor integrated protection monitoring and control device 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Current quick-break protection Negative-sequence overcurrent section I protection Negative-sequence overcurrent section II protection Grounding protection Overheating protection Locked rotor protection
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7) 8) 9)
Long starting protection Positive-sequence overcurrent protection Overload protection
10) Undervoltage protection e) Protection configuration of WDZ-431motor differential microcomputer protection device 1) 2) Differential quick-break protection Split phase ratio differential protection The device and WDZ-430 form a complete protection of the motor with power more than 2000kW. f) Protection configuration of WDZ-410 feeder microcomputer integrated protection monitoring and control device 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Overcurrent section I protection Overcurrent section II protection Overcurrent section III protection Overload protection Grounding protection Post-acceleration protection
15.4.5 SID-2CM Type Microcomputer Synchronizing Device a) General description: the companys generator adopts SID-2CM type microcomputer synchronizing device provided with built-in test and detecting unit and the routine test of controller, fault detection and external circuit correctness check can be conducted without any other apparatus. Panel description: 1) A 12864-lattice LCD with backlight is available on the top left of panel and it is used to display menu and setting parameter and display parallel point code, system frequency, system voltage, generator frequency, generator voltage, circuit breaker closing time and any other information. It is synchronism indicator composed of luminotron on the lower left and the indicator is used to indicate the phase difference between waiting parallel side and system side voltage in synchronization process. The frequency difference and power angle and voltage difference indicator lights are green beyond upper limit during difference frequency synchronization and are red beyond lower limit; the frequency difference
b)
2)
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light is also red during cofrequency and is off when not exceeding limits. The closing indicator light is on (red) during the period that the controller releases closing order. 3) A down-openable cover plate is available on right side of panel. After the cover plate is opened, the operation mode selector switch and the operation mode indicator light can be seen on the left; three operation modes used to set controller are operation, test and set modes. The operation (red), test (green) and set (yellow) indicator lights above operation mode selector switch respectively correspond to the three operation modes. z The operation mode is used for generator or line synchronization; the test mode is used for field test or controller hardware test; the set mode is used for setting parameter and data query; 7 press keys are available above operation mode selector switch, namely, left key, right key, up key, down key, enter key, exit key and reset key. Both left and right keys are used to select setting parameter; both up and down keys are used to select menu item or change parameter value; the enter key is used to select function or store parameter; the exit key is used to exit current operation program; the reset key is used to reset the program; It is operating and indicating unit of test module on the right of panel. The test module is used to generate voltage transformer voltage at both sides of waiting parallel point, simulate relevant input switch value signal and indicate the state of control signal relating to controller output. The remote reset key is used to simulate remote reset order from control board and make controller program reset. The auxiliary contact key is used to simulate the auxiliary contact of parallel point circuit breaker and reflect whether circuit breaker is closed, and roughly measure circuit breaker closing loop time; 12 parallel point selector switches in the middle of panel are used to simulate the synchronizing switch state of 12 (1-8 are valid for SID-2CM) parallel points; if the switch is turned upward, it shows the parallel point is selected. SM, PO and NV are respectively synchronizing meter and voltage transformer disconnection; signal input is confirmed by no-voltage closing and turning upward is valid; 8 switches in lower part of panel are used to simulate secondary disconnection of voltage transformer at both sides of waiting parallel point circuit breaker; SF, SA, SB and SC are system side fuse fore and three-phase voltage transformer disconnection test switches and the switch turning front upward means disconnection; VS and VG potentiometers are used to adjust the secondary voltage of input representative system and waiting parallel side voltage transformer when
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GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL detecting controller and the voltage value can be measured with AC voltmeter on VS, VG and common port testing column. The PT secondary voltage may be selected as line voltage (UL) or phase voltage (U) by means of PT secondary voltage selector switch;
RS-232 serial communication interface is available on the lower left of panel and it is 9-pin D type socket and used to connect with RS-232 communication interface of notebook computer on the spot. The RS-485 interface of backboard can also be used to communicate with remote upper computer; 7 relay state indicator lights are available in upper part of panel and used to display corresponding relay state: step-down relay (green), step-up relay (red), decelerating relay (green), accelerating relay (red), closing relay (red), alarm relay (yellow) and closing block relay (yellow); When the controller works in set mode, the closing output loop may be disconnected automatically by means of SL closing block relay, therefore, the controller can set the parameter on site and no mis-closing will occur.
c)
Description of synchronization control progress and display screen: 1) The is parallel point code number in the first line and the following is system side frequency (Hz), waiting parallel side frequency (Hz), system side voltage (V) and waiting parallel side voltage (V) in proper order; Tc is actually measured closing time (ms) of switch and Tc is displayed after closed. Both i and 0 symbols are available on the right of Fs and Fg; i means using internal signal and 0 means using external signal. If the internal-generated waiting parallel side signal is used, both and keys may be used to adjust waiting parallel side voltage and frequency. 2) + on the right of FS means that system side voltage signal turns lag angle 30compared with original input voltage signal inside controller; - angle means that system side voltage signal turns lead angle 30 inside controller; if no + or - prompt message is available, the system side voltage signal does not turn. The bottom line is state display line and the following message may appear at both left and right ends: Fs Fg Vs . . . Remote i i +
Vg . Control Tc
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z
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Higher voltage: it means that waiting parallel side voltage is higher than system side voltage and the voltage difference exceeds allowable voltage difference; Lower voltage: it means that waiting parallel side voltage is lower than system side voltage and the voltage difference exceeds allowable voltage difference; When the above two prompt messages appear, whether to regulate voltage depends on the setup of automatic voltage regulation among channel parameters. When the automatic voltage regulation is set as NO, even though voltage difference exceeds allowable voltage difference, the voltage is not nor regulated. The strength of voltage regulation depends on voltage equalizing control coefficient; Higher frequency: it means that waiting parallel side frequency is higher than system side frequency and the frequency difference exceeds allowable frequency difference; Lower frequency: it means that waiting parallel side frequency is lower than system side frequency and the frequency difference exceeds allowable frequency difference;
When the above two prompt messages appear, whether to regulate frequency depends on the setup of automatic frequency modulation among channel parameters. When the automatic frequency modulation is set as NO, even though frequency difference exceeds allowable voltage difference, the frequency is not nor modulated. The strength of frequency modulation depends on frequency equalizing control coefficient. In addition, if generator frequency is less than 49HZ or more than 51HZ and the frequency displayed on display screen is lower or higher, but the frequency is not modulated; z Cofrequency: it means that waiting parallel side frequency is consonant with or very close to system side frequency. In such a case, the controller will modulate waiting parallel side frequency higher automatically to destroy the stalemate. The strength of frequency modulation depends on cofrequency modulation pulse width parameter; the larger the cofrequency modulation pulse width is, the larger the frequency modulation positive pulse width is; Waiting parallel side low-voltage blocking: the controller is blocked when waiting parallel side voltage is lower than blocking voltage; System side low-voltage blocking: the controller is blocked when system side voltage is lower than blocking voltage; Generator overvoltage: generator voltage exceeds overvoltage protection value and here the controller continues voltage reduction control; Larger power angle: the power angle exceeds allowable power angle during cofrequency synchronization and the synchronization condition is not met;
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z
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Larger voltage difference: the voltage difference exceeds allowable voltage difference during cofrequency synchronization and the synchronization condition is not met; After synchronization, the controller detects whether auxiliary contact of circuit breaker is displaced, if displaced, the overall time of circuit breaker closing loop is displayed, or the circuit breaker unclosed is displayed. During false synchronization, the closing loop operating time is measured roughly by means of displacement of circuit breaker auxiliary contact; the measured time during real synchronization (difference frequency synchronization) is just accurate actual value.
d)
Connection between SID-2CM type controller and upper computer Users may be in communication with upper computer by means of RS-232 or RS-485 serial interface. When no person is on duty on site, the mode selector switch of controller should be put in operation state, after upper computer feeds relevant signal and power supply to controller and releases the order of putting synchronizing device into operation, the controller begins to communicate with upper machine. After completion of synchronization, upper computer may release the order of putting synchronizing device out of operation and may also make controller live all the time.
16 Appendix
16.1 Characteristics Curve of Generator Characteristics Curve Of Generator (1)
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KV
28 26
24
22 1.0PF 20 10189A 0.85PF 10189A
18
16 14 12
12000 10000
10
8000
6 4
6000
4000
2000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500 A
Chinese KV A A
English Stator voltage KV No-load characteristic Short circuit load characteristic Zero power factor load characteristic Rotor current A Stator current A
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Characteristics Curve of Generator (2)
A
1000 0 3000 5000 7000 9000 11000 13000
A
400
800
0.25
0.5
0.60
0.70 0.75 1600 0.80 0.85
0.90 0.95 2000
1.0 0.21
0.31
0.95
0.90 2800
3200
3600
4000
Chinese A A A 0.0PF
English Stator current A Minimum rotor current A Maximum allowable rotor current A 0.0PF underexcitation
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0.0PF A
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL 0.0PF overexcitation Rotor current A Hydrogen pressure
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SEC
Characteristics Curve of Generator (3)
250
0.31MPa 0.21MPa
0.7PF 0.8PF
0.85PF 200
0.9PF 150
0.95PF 100
50
MVAR
MW
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
1.0PF
50
100 0.95PF
150
0.85PF
0.9PF
200 0.7PF
0.8PF
250
Chinese MVAR MW Overexcitation
English Hydrogen pressure Reactive power MVAR Active power MW
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GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Underexcitation
16.2 Layout of Generator Temperature Elements Tour gauging table No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 Stator coil water output Device position (upper-layer coil slot number ) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Stator coil interlayer
Panel No.
Panel No.
Device position
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
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Tour gauging table No. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Stator coil water output Device position (upper-layer coil slot number ) 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Stator coil interlayer
Panel No.
Panel No.
Device position
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
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Tour gauging table No. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122
GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL Stator coil water output Device position (upper-layer coil slot number ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Stator coil interlayer
Panel No.
Panel No.
Device position
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Note: temperature measuring element is copper resistance 50/0 and 71.4/100.
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QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

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GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL ODAF YNd11

standby transformer Shenyang Transformer Co., Ltd. SFZ-CY-50000/115TH Three-phase 50Hz

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

SCB9-1250/ SCBZ9-1600/ 6 6 1250 1600

6.622.5/0.42kV 109 140 43.7 175 87.5

Impedanc e voltage 6 Insulation H class

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL

Self cooling/air cooling

Manufact Shanghai ABB Transformer Co., Ltd. urer

Name of Ash Yard Equipme Transformer nt Model SCB9-200/6

Chemical Water Transformer SCB9-1250/ 6 1250

Coal Handling Transformer

Water Supply Transformer

Circulating Water Transforme r SCB9-500/ 6 500

Administrati ve Zone Transformer SCB9-800/6 1250

SCB9-2000/ SCBZ9-1000/ 6 6 2500 1000

Capacity 315 kVA Voltage

6.622.5/0.42kV 109 175 87.5 43.7 70

Impedan ce 4 voltage Insulatio n class H

Maximu 125K m temperat

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL

Frequenc 50Hz y Cooling mode Self cooling/air cooling

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

Transformer Tap and Wiring Diagram

QUANG NINH THERMAL POWER JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2300 MW

GENERATOR & AUXILIARIES OPERATION MANUAL