EXERCISE 1 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank.

For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Mushrooms and toadstools can be found in a wide variety of places. Some of them are woodland ___________(1)and can be found growing on tree trunks, logs and stumps. ___________(2) that grow on dead wood take their food from the decaying wood. Some are parasites and grow __________(3) living trees. They do not harm the trees. However some, __________(4) as the honey fungus, kill their hosts. A few of these mushrooms and toadstools are ____________(5). They are cooked in different ways and are ____________(6) favourite with many people. ___________(7) there are some that cannot be eaten and are best avoided. Eating mushrooms gathered in the wild is __________(8). Neither toxic mushrooms nor edible ones can be identified by a single characteristic. 1. A series C type 5. A edited C edible B species D variety B edifice D edict 2. A These C Those 6. A the C an B That D This B it D a 3. A in C within 7. A So C However B under D on B If D Because 4. A many C a little 8. A thoughtless C unwise B such D few B irresponsible D hasty

EXERCISE 2

Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. To know first-aid is an advantage to anyone. In an emergency, a first-aider can make the injured more comfortable ___________(1) the arrival of the doctor. If a person has injured his arm the first-aider will follow certain steps to keep the arm in position and thus ____________(2) the pain. He has first to position the injured hand or wrist ____________(3) the victims chest. He then places one end of the sling over the victims shoulder and wraps the rest ____________(4) injured arm, with the point hanging well below the elbow. He _____________(5) tucks the bandage underneath the forearm and around the elbow. ______________(6) the two ends meet he ties them together. He tucks away the loose folds and ______________(7) it with a safety pin. First aid knowledge can be acquired through _____________(8) experiences. However, to provide effective, life-saving first aid procedures requires instruction and practical training. 1. A after C before 5. A gentle C gently B between D soon B slow D slowly 2. A less C lesser 6. A When C After B lessen D least B Before D Then 3. A under C below 7. A tie C secures B across D over B holds D knots 4. A over C within 8. A live C living B in D on B life D liveable

EXERCISE 3 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Coca-Cola is a refreshing drink and is a favourite with young and old all over the world. CocaCola is already more than a hundred years old and ____________(1) to be popular drink. It was first sold for ten cents _____________(2) it was introduced in Malaya in 1936. It was first bottled at the Fraser and Neave factory in Kuala Lumpur near ____________(3) the Odeon Cinema is now. It was invented in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States. Legend has it ____________(4) a pharmacist first produced the syrup which was sampled and pronounced excellent. It was placed _____________(5) sale for five cents a glass. Later carbonated water was teamed with _____________(6) syrup to produce the new drink known as Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is _____________(7) in stores, restaurants and vending machines in over 200 countries. The Coca-Cola company produces ________________(8) which is sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The Company has also introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name, of which the most common is Diet Coke. 1. A continued C continues 5. A in C for B continuing D continue B at D on 2. A after C when 6. A that C those B before D thus B this D these 3. A who C where 7. A selling C sells B whom D when B sold D sell 4. A this C said 8. A extract C concentrate B that D given B concentration D distillate

EXERCISE 4

Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. The Cousin Island Special Reserve is an unspoilt desert island in the middle of the vast ocean where life contiues as it has for millions of yearsa paradise on earth. This island ____________(1) bought by Birdlife International to protect the wild life here. To prevent ____________(2) of pests, no boats are allowed to land on the island. Visitors _____________(3) board the wardens boat and swim ashore. This island rich in wildlife, has up to 300 000 seabirds during the nesting season and five species of residents birds that are extremely ______________(4). It has also the most diverse fish population of any of the islands in that region and the highest density of lizards and snakes lurking _______________(5) over 130 different plant species. The island has a ____________(6) eco-tourism programme. It is also known for good practices in environmental management and has been the _____________(7) of many case studies in books and journals. International research organizations and universities use the island _______________(8) a research base. Educational programmes are planned to increase awareness of conservation efforts on a Cousin Island. 1 A has C was 5. A in C into B were D is B among D amongst 2. A invading C invasion 6. A common C popular B invade D invades B admired D well-liked 3. A should C may 7. A focus C spotlight B could D must B heart D destination 4. A rear C rare 8. A for C in B real D realm B as D from EXERCISE5

Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Africa is famous for its game parks. Today one of the dreams of the creators of African game parks is to tear down national borders and let the animals roam freelyso that migration habits and grazing patterns_______________(1) a parkss boundaries. In April South Africa and Bostwana announced that they had agreed to make one of those dreams come ______________(2) to reality. They signed _________________(3) agreement to jointly manage two parks bordering each other. _________________(4) of these parks will still run its own affairs and build its own tourist facilities. However, they will share entrance fees equally. The wildlife here includes _______________(5) about everything including elephants, giraffes and zebras. Most parks are open to the public and tourist can ______________(6) sightseeing safaris. The ecosystems in the parks are protected and conservation is ________________(7). Some parks have more than one ecosystem _______________(8) from savannah grassland to riverine forest. Indigenous wildlife in its natural habitat will ensure their growth in numbers at a natural rate. 1.A determined C determine 5. A only C just B determination D determines B merely D now 2. A closer C closely 6. A savour C like B close D closest B enjoy D taste 3. A the C a 7. A essential C urgent B an D this B decisive D immediate 4. A Every C All 8. A ranged C varied B One D Each B ranging D varying EXERCISE 6 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. The Malays are a creative and practical race, whose many carving are related to nature. Their innate sense of beauty and natural crafting skills reveal in their creations _____________(1) form and function could work well together. Beauty shows symmetry and harmony and this _____________(2) be seen in their creations. Most of their artefacts show up their core traditional values and ethics _______________(3) in Godliness in Islam. Many Malay craftsmen _____________(4) wood, silver and brass. Some of the Malay crafts can be _______________(5) in jewellery items, door panels, the betel set, chess boards and shadow puppet screens. ________________(6) of the favourite motifs used are the bamboo shoot, the flying foxs elbow and the mangosteen. Woodcarving is one of the oldest ________________(7) arts. The works of a master woodcarver were sought ________________(8) their beauty, and most of all the symbolic power and meaning these works embodied. The woodcarvings can range from royal ceremonial objects to wall panels, household objects and objects of traditional Malay architecture. 1.A where C how 5. A shown C seen B when D why B used D made 2. A can C should 6. A Many C every B must D may B Each D Some 3. A rooted C drawn 7. A life C living B built D carved B live D lives 4. A used C uses 8. A for C by B use D are using B as D with

EXERCISE 7 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. The KERIS or dagger plays an important role in Malay society. Sultans wore it ______________(1) symbols of their right to rule and their destiny to be rulers. Warriors like Hang Tuah wore it to distinguish _______________(2) men from the boys. In traditional Java, the manner in _________________(3) a keris blade was dressed could reveal a mans taste, rank, physique and character. Its owners did not _________________(4)it as merely a weapon; it was also believed to have mystical powers. In the same way man was body and soul, the keris was also seen to have ______________(5) physical and spiritual essence. The keris was designed to serve the needs of men _________________(6) fought in the interior of a building, in narrow streets or in winding forest paths. The most famous Malay dagger, the Taming Sari, _________________(7) belonged to Hang Tuah. It is ______________(8) that it has supernatural power. It could fly and attack its enemy. It could also rattle in its sheath and warn its owner of any danger. 1.A in C for 5. A it C its B as D to B its D his 2. A them C a 6. A who C whose B the D an B when D why 3. A who C which 7. A before C formerly B whom D what B once D earlier 4. A seen C has seen 8. A said C discussed B saw D see B mentioned D talked

EXERCISE 8 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Dear Sue, Thanks for the lovely letter you wrote me. My family and I are keeping well and hope its the same _____________(1) all of you over there. I was rather busy, _____________(2) I was taking part in the Merdeka Day celebrations. We _____________(3) for days and the outcome was beautiful. It was a beautiful day and Malaysians _______________(4) in and around Kuala Lumpur came out in full force. It was a three-hour-long parade and people from all sections ____________(5) the community took part. We had soldiers, sailors, students, pensioners and people ____________(6) the private sector. The costumes ___________(7) colourful, the music good and everything went accoding to plan. As this was the first Merdeka of the new millennium, I was ____________(8) proud to be a participant. I am already looking forward to the next Merdeka celebration as I plan to participate again. 1.A with C which 5. A off C to B on D over B of D from 2. A so C who 6. A of C from B as D in B among D in 4. A practice C practices 7. A are C were B practicing D practiced B was D am 5. A live C living 8. A sincerely C greatly B life D lived B indeed D best

EXERCISE 9 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. The Chinese Lunar Calender is the longest chronological record in history. The start of the first cycle of zidiac _____________(1) back to 2600 B.C. Similar to the Western calendar, _____________(2) Chinese Lunar Calendar is a yearly one. The start of each lunar year ____________(3) based on the cycle of the moon. In spite of this cyclical dating, the beginning of the year can fall _____________(4) between late January and the middle of February. A complete ____________(5) takes approximately 60 years and is made up of 5 cycles of 12 years each. Each of the twelve years in the Chinese Lunar Calendar is uniquely ____________(6) after an animal. The Chinese calendar is used ____________(7) marking traditional holidays such as the Lunar New Year (Spring Festival) and the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is used in the more traditional Chinese ____________(8) to pick auspicious dates for important events such as weddings and business deals. The calendar also lists auspicious events, times and directions for each day. 1.A gone C go 5. A cycle C lunar B dates D got B year D introduction 2. A an C and 6. A named C looked B an D the B sought D thought 3. A is C are 7. A to C at B was D were B for D in 4. A elsewhere C anywhere 8. A house C families B nowhere D where B dwellings D households

EXERCISE 10 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. We obtain water from various sources. Rivers, lakes and underground streams are some of these sources. Water is ____________(1) important commodity in our lives. We cannot survive ____________(2) it. In some countries, water is abundant all the _____________(3). Unfortunately, this is not the _____________(4) in many countries around the world. In such places, ____________(5) water is scarce, people sometimes have to pay large sum of money to obtain water for their basic needs. Besides that, people in these areas are also ___________(6) to deadly diseases because the water they drink daily is often contaminated. We cannot save the world, but we can try to save ____________(7) own country. We sometimes have dry periods. So ____________(8) in good times, we should all save for dry days by not wasting water. We should all take steps also, to curb water pollution, so that our drinking water would not become contaminated. 1.A the C a 5. A which C where B an D that B how D when 2. A without C within 6. A exposes C exposure B minus D deprived B exposing D exposed 3. A while C moment 7. A their C ours B time D years B we D our 4. A case C things 8. A even C yet B matter D state B nevertheless D still

XERCISE 11 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best

answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Malaysia has had to contend with the haze in recent time. Nowadays, whenever we see an overcast _____________(1), we know that hazy days are here again. This threat to our health and the robber of our clean air, makes its way to use _____________(2) neighbouring countries. Fourtunately, El Nino does not ______________(3) its appearance every time we are plagued by a hazy atmosphere. During a haze, the pollutants in the air are a health hazard and a ____________(4) to our lives. These pollutants include dust dirt, acid droplets, smoke _____________(5) soot. They can get stuck deep in the lung tissues and thereby cause many breathing-related ______________(6), such as asthma and bronchitis. As in everything else, man is the _____________(7) responsible for this serious health hazard. Haze particles ______________(8) from human activities like ploughing in dry weather, causing traffic congestion, setting forest fires and peat field fire. Industrial pollution can result in dense haze known as smog which is a problem in a number of cities. 1.A atmosphere C air 5. A but C and B sky D environment B or D plus 2. A in C by 6. A ails C ailing B from D across B ail D ailments 3. A make C making 7. A culprit C victim B made D makes B lawbreaker D criminal 4. A problem C threat 8. A coming C comes B warning D risk B came D come

EXERCISE 12 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Tea is a popular drink with adults. It comes in many flavours and can be taken plain

____________(1) with milk and sugar. Some of the ___________(2) teas found on supermarket shelves are Darjeeling tea, Lipton tea and Boh tea. Recently green tea has become the beverage of ______________(3) for the health conscious. Many believer that drinking green tea will reduce ________________(4) risk of certain diseases like cancer and arthritis. There is evidence that the Japanese and Chinese ______________(5) have been drinking a lot of green tea for centuries have a lower risk of getting several kinds of cancer. The sale of tea has risen in the United States and some shops are ___________(6) Around 480 varieties of teas. Beauty products ____________(7) also boasting of green tea as an ingredient. One wonders if this is an advertisement gimmick. Green teas has become more ____________(8) in the West where black tea is traditionally consumed. Many varieties of green tea have been produced but differ considerably due to variable growing conditions, processing and harvesting time in the countries grown. 1.A yet C while 5. A whose C that B or D and B who D which 2. A famous C fame 6. A sell C sold B famed D famously B selling D sells 3. A selection C preferred 7. A were C are B choice D option B am D have 4. A his C them 8. A regular C general B its D their B familiar D common

EXERCISE 13 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. When your doctor gives you a prescription, take special note of what he or she tells you about the medication. ______________(1)you forget or want to know more about the medication, call your doctor or ask your pharmacist. Here ____________(2) a few good questions to ask. What is the ___________(3) of the drug? What is it supposed to ____________(4)? How should I take it? When should I take it? First of all, keep the name of your medication handy and carry it with you so you dont _____________(7) to take it. This could be very important in case of an emergency. Make sure you fully ______________(8) what the drug is supposed to do. This will help you to be aware if the prescribed medication is working for you or not. Make sure also, to take your prescribed medication correctly as this is vital to its effectiveness. 1.A As C If 5. A took C take B While D However B taken D taking 2. A is C must 6. A what C which B are d should B when D how 3. A title C label 7. A ignore C overlook B name D sign B miss D forget 4. A do C act 8. A understanding C understands B perform D deal B understood D understand

EXERCISE 14 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. The common cold, as its name implies, is probably the most frequent recurring condition known to man. If a cold was only caused by a single virus strain, the human body ____________(1) develop a defence against reinfection from this virus. Unfortunately, colds are caused by over a hundred ______________(2) viral strains. That explains the regular recurrence ____________(3) colds in some individuals and also gives an idea so the difficulty in producing a vaccine to prevent the common cold. Unlike bacteria, viruses are ______________(4) affected by antibiotics. When your doctor ____________(5) an antibiotic like penicillin, it is to treat or prevent a complication like a middle-ear infection or a strep throat. The common cold ______________(6) lasts for about a week. During this time, the _____________(7) that can be done is to relieve the symptoms. The best _________________(8) to avoid a cold is to avoid close contact with the patients. Wash the hands thoroughly and regularly and avoid touching the mouth and face. 1.A could C would 5. A issues C prescribes B had D should B directs D orders 2. A variable C different 6. A usually C habitually B various D dissimilar B largely D essentially 3. A with C of 7. A best C most B to D by B better D highest 4. A unable C so 8. A measure C technique

B likely D not B way D means

EXERCISE 15 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Fireflies or kelip-kelip as they are locally known, are actually tiny beetles which live amongst mangrove leaves. They can be found in large numbers in Kampung Kuantan _____________(1) Selangor. Their bodies give off a greenish glow _____________(2), at night, looks very much like a tiny spark of fire. They nightly spectacle of thousands of twinkling light along the banks of Sungai Selangor at Kampung Kuantan, attracts hordes of _____________(3) to the area. In fact, these little creatures______________(4) one of the most spectacular insect shows in the world. This has enhanced the livelihood of ____________(5) of the local residents and increased the need to plan for the future. _____________(6) fireflies are dependent on mangroves, the authorities must see to it that the mangroves survive if they hope to keep attracting visitors to Kampung Kuantan. The fireflies of Kampung Kuantan have been dubbed ______________(7) eighth wonder of the world. It is one of two places in the world, the other _____________(8) along the Amazon River in Brazil. Kampung Kuantan is more special because it is easily accessible whereas the one along the Amazon is not. 1. A by C on 5. A many C much B in D over B several D great deal 2. A where C whose 6. A Since C Whereas B which D who B When D However 3. A guests C visitors 7. A a C its B company D participants B an D the

4. A providing C provide 8. A been C was B has provided D will provide B be D being

EXERCISE 16 The most widespread of foot problems is foot odour and perspiration. This problem, which makes a person feel uncomfortable , can also be a source of embarrassment, especially if a person _______________(1) required to take off his shoes. Foot odour is caused by a mixture of perspiration ____________(2) bacteria. The problem is made worse if one wears socks and closed shoes for long periods ____________(3) time. It is not surprising therefore, to be told that men are twice as likely to _____________(4) from foot odour than women. To treat _____________(5) problem, feet need to be carefully washed once or twice a day , especially between the toes, with soap and water. ______________(6) they must be thoroughly dried. It is also a good idea to air feet as often as possible, to keep __________(7) dry. Cotton socks are the best choice for those who have to wear socks, because they absorb perspiration _______________(8) than other materials. Reactions to foot adour differ across cultures, for example, there is less foot odour stigma in countries where shoes are removed upon entering the home. 1.A was C are 5. A these C this B were D is B that D a 2. A and C except 6. A Then C Following B or D but B After D Late 3. A at C in 7. A theirs C it B of D by B them D its

4. A feel C experience 8. A well C good B suffer D undergo B better D best

EXERCISE 17 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. In a tropical country like ours, where the heat is often quite unbearable, more and more people are turning to air-conditioners to keep them cool and comfortable. In addition to controlling the temperature indoors, an air-conditioner also controls the movements, purity and moisture level of _______________(1) air. When an air-conditioner is switched ________________(2), fresh air passes through a filter. This _____________(3) the dust in the enclosed area. An electric motor also starts _______________(4) liquid Freon from the compressor through pipes or coils. As the Freon them and the air around them. The ______________(6) heat causes the Freon to evaporate a gas. At this ______________(7), the electric fan blows the cold, clean air through the air-conditioner vents into the room. The Freon becomes a liquid again as _____________(8) returns to the compressor. This cycle will continue until the air-conditioner is switched off. 1.A an C a 5. A be C being B the D that B been D so 2. A on C in 6. A soaked C absorbed B at D off B sucked D captured 3. A eradicates C expels 7. A juncture C position B removes D blows B level D point 4. A circulation C circulates 8. A its C it

B circulated D circulating B this D that

EXERCISE 18 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. During ancient times, people cleaned their bodies with a mixture of olive oil, ashes and the juices of various plants. ______________(1) early soap was made by the womenfolk. Today, soap is made ______________(2) in large manufacturing plants or factories. First, animal fats or vegetable oils, such as coconut or olive oil, are mixed with chemicals, called alkalais, ______________(3) heated. As a result of this heating, ______________(4) creamy soap begins to form. Salt is ______________(5) added. This make the soap ________________(6) to the top. The soap is then put into a large mixer. Here it is churned until it becomes smooth and creamy. Then, perfume, germ killers and colouring are _______________(7). In order to produce bars of soap, the smooth ________________(8) is passed through another machine that compresses it to form long, solid bars. These are then cut into smaller bars and stamped with the manufacturers name, by other machines. 1.A This C The 5. A then C hence B That D These B thus D therefore 2. A artiticially C commercially 6. A floats C floated B profitably D gainfully B floating D float 3. A or C and 7. A additional C extra B because D till B added D increased 4. A the C this 8. A combination C fusion

B a D an B mixture D blend

EXERCISE 19

Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. The Great Barriere Reef which fringes the eastern coast of Australia, is renowned for its brilliantly coloured and delicate marine life. It is the biggest______________(1) made by living organisms in the world. Unfortunately, it looks as if this extensive reef system as well as all the other coral reefs in the world, will start crumbling within the next fifty years ______________(2) a result of global warming. The rapid increase _____________(3) greenhouse pollutants will cause the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to rise. Coral reefs are made up ____________(4) of calcium and carbonate. As the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere increases, _____________(5) causes the sea water to become more acidic. This is turn, decreases _____________(6) level of carbonate in the water and makes it hard for coral-forming organisms to create their skeletons. The ______________(7) of the coral reefs is similar to the human ailment, osteoporosis, which attacks and breaks down the skeletons of aging people. Human _____________(8) could be the greatest threat to coral reefs. Pollution, damaging fishing practices and over-fishing are the most serious threats to these ecosystems, as well as physical destruction of reefs due to boat and shipping traffic. 1.A formation C arrangement 5. A its C they B construction D structure B it D that

2. A from C by 6. A a C that B as D of B that D this 3. A at C in 7. A crumbling C crumbled B on D with B crumble D crumbly 4. A mainly C deeply 8. A practices C ways B primarily D essentially B habits D activities

EXERCISE 20 Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, chose the best answer from the options A,B,C and D to fit the numbered blank. Bacteria are one-called organisms that can be found almost everywhere. ______________(1) are many types of bacteria. Some of them cause dangerous diseases ______________(2) others are actually helpful to us! Harmful bacteria are the cause of many of diseases suffered by man, animals and plants. They cause food to decay too. People who consume ______________(3) food can suffer from severe food poisoning. Many ______________(4) even died as a result of it. However, there are many types of bacteria that are extremely _____________(5) to both man and nature. Bacteria attack dead plants and animals, break them down and transform them _______________(6) valuable nourishment for the soil. Bacteria cause ______________(7) types of food to ferment. Fermentation plays a vital ______________(8) in the processing of certain foods like cheese and vinegar. In this way, bacteria are useful to us. 1.A They C These 5. A useful C functional B Those D there B positive D constructive 2. A when C as 6. A into C by B while D though B over D from 3. A decay C rot 7. A selected C certain B decayed D rotted B chosen D preferred

4. A have C had 8. A responsibility C role B has D having B position D duty