Adel Gastli
LINEAR MOTORS
CONTENT
Introduction Types of Linear Motors Applications
Linear Motors
INTRODUCTION
Linear Motors are old motors which date from the 1970s. Were not intensively used because of their difficult
control and low performance. Advancements in Power Electronics and Microprocessors have overcome the control difficulties and have revived the use of the linear motors. Linear motors are nowadays emerging as new technologies.
Linear Motors
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Armature winding
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LSM (Contd)
For an LSM to operate properly the control system must accurately track the position of the moving element in order to properly synchronize the moving field current in the stationary frame (stator). If synchronization is lost or interrupted the motor slips and loss of propulsion can occur. This situation is likely to be encountered by an LSM when external sensors are relied upon to handle motor synchronization. If a sensor becomes dirty or mis-aligned or if fog, smoke or other airborne obstructions are present, the system will experience problems.
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Linear Motors
LIM (Contd)
Cut along xy and enroll
x Stator 3 winding Secondary y Primary Rotor Aluminum sheet (conductor)
Traveling mmf (or Flux Density) Wave
v vs
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F
Ni/2
/2
0
Fundamental F1
/2
-Ni/2
z
g
Fundamental H1
H
Ni/2
0 0
Ni/2g
Fundamental F1 F
F: mmf H: Field
/2
-Ni/2
/2
-Ni/2g
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kw
N ph I m 2m
dz dz d = = = 2Tp f dt d dt 2
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LIM Performance
LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR Slip
s=
vs v vs
v s = 2 Tp f [m / sec]
Thrust
Thrust, F
vs
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Long Secondary
Short Secondary
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End Effect
LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR
associated with a corresponding amount of useful thrust. There are reactive volt-amperes drawn from the supply which cannot be accounted for either as being due to magnetization or leakage reactance. The physical nature of this phenomena is thought to be due to the continual removal of magnetic energy at the exit edge of a machine. The exit edge produces a backward thrust on the secondary which subtracts from the thrust performance in the region of a speed-thrust curve.
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Speed, v
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APPLICATIONS
Transportation (Trains) Robotics & Material Handling Elevators Compressors & Pumps Catapults and Launchers Sliding Doors Closer Cartain pullers etc...
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Transportation (Trains)
Linear Motor Car is a most promising high speed transportation system in the 21st century.
It is a vehicle befitting the requirements of the
high speed and massive transportation age, as it operates at a stunning 500 Kmph, and has the transportation capacity equivalent to the existing shinkansen.
It is a most advanced traffic system, which has
less noise and vibration and promises a safe and comfortable ride.
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Train Depot
Tunnel
Information cables
Feeding section switchgears Feeder Guideway Power conversion substation Dr. Adel Gastli Linear Motors Power converter 18
Feeding cable
Propulsion coils
Cross-inductive cable
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What is Superconductivity?
When certain metals are cooled below a specific temperature, their
continues to flow permanently and without loss. This coil can generate dozens of times stronger magnetic field than that of permanent magnets.
For the Maglev, a bundle of extremely fine niobium-titanium alloy
(superconductive metal) wire is embedded in a copper matrix in order to improve the stability of superconductivity. This wire is cooled with liquid helium (ca-269C) to be in a superconductive state.
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a magnetic field (north and south poles) is produced, thus the train is propelled forward by the force of attraction between opposite poles and the repulsive force of same poles acting between the ground coils and the superconducting magnets built into the vehicles.
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through at high speed current flows through levitation and guidance coils on the ground producing electrodynamic levitating force to the vehicles.
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connected with electric power cables. They keep the vehicles in the center of the guideway at all times by exerting an attractive force on the further side of the vehicle and a repulsive force on the nearer side should the train move off center to either side.
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Elevator Car
Elevator Hall
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group controller.
If one controller is taken out of service
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Rollers
Magnet holder
Elevator car
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Ramp
A state-of-the-art linear motor system propels the ride to reach unprecedented speeds of up to 160 km/hour, making it the most technologically-advanced ride in the world. To generate these intense speeds, an incredible 2,200,000 watts (2.2 megawatts) of power, enough to power a small town, is applied for six or seven Linear Motors Dr. seconds. Adel Gastli 28
Linear Compressor
A linear compressor is a positive displacement, piston-type compressor in which the piston is driven directly by a linear motor, rather than by a rotary motor coupled to a mechanical mechanism as in a conventional reciprocating compressor.
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tactical and operational benefits. In the rural Massachusetts town, engineers are developing the world's highest-thrust linear motor. For Naval aviation, it may mean the end of the age of steam. By 2005, naval architects may begin replacing the enormous steam catapults on aircraft carriers with EMALS--The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System.
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Pharmaceutical Automation
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