Problem 1.10: The circuit is shown below, A 1 mA meter movement with an internal resistance Rm =100 is to be used.

. The battery voltage is 9V. Half scale deflection should be for Rx = 5000 . a) Calculate the values of R1 and R2. b) What is the change in the value of R2 if battery voltage is reduced by 10%? ) What is the half scale deflection if the battery y c) voltage is reduced by 10%?

Problem 1.11: The circuit is shown below, A 1 mA meter movement with an internal resistance Rm =100 is to be used. The battery voltage is 3V. Half scale deflection should be for Rx = 1 . Calculate the values of R1 and Rsh

Problem 1.12: The ac voltmeter is used to measure voltage Vo across 60k resistor in the circuit given below. below What is the minimum voltage reading that should be observed? The p parameter of the ac voltmeter are full wave rectification 100 A meter movement 15 V range g accuracy = 3% fsd

Problem 1.13: The voltmeter as shown in figure, figure uses a 1 mA meter movement with an internal resistance of 100. The shunt resistor across the movement is 400. diodes have forward resistance of 100, zero cut-in voltage and infinite reverse resistance. a) Explain the function of shunt resistance. b) ) Explain p the function of the diode D2. c) Calculate the value of series resistances for 10V, 50V, and 100V range. d) Determine the ohm-per-volt rating of this ac voltmeter.

Problem 1.15: A current i = 0.8 0 8 + 0.5 0 5 sin wt + 0.3 0 3 sin 2wt is passed through the circuit show in figure, M1 is a PMMC type ammeter with negligible resistance and M2 is a true rms reading with very large resistance. Determine the reading of each meter at w = 10-6 rad/s.

Problem 1.16: A basic ohmmeter circuit is shown below. below Assume a meter movement with 500A full-scale deflection current and 2K internal resistance. The unknown resistance is connected across terminals XX. Calculate the value of Vdc and R so that half-scale deflection reading corresponds to 75 . Consider the op-amp as ideal.
Vdc 100 X R X
PMMC Movement OPAMP

Problem 1.19: For the waveform given, will a meter designed to read sinusoidal read high or low?
5V

T/2

Time

Problem 1.20: 1 20: Design a switching and amplifier gain i circuit i it for f an electronics l t i analog l d dc voltmeter using FETs and an op-amp. The i input t ranges of f the th voltmeter lt t should h ld be b 10mV, 100mV, 1V and 10V. The input resistance it of f the th voltmeter lt t should h ld be b 10M

DIGITAL METERS

Block Diagram
AC Attenuator AC Converter Digital Processing Digital Display

HI (+) Amp Input

AC DC Ohm
Ohm Converter DC Attenuator

AC DC Ohm

A/D Converter

Output Ports (GPIB, RS 232)

Precision Shunts

Precision Reference

LO (-)