name: __________________

Human Body Systems B

Bones are Alive
Bones are _________________ tissues, made of cells. They take in nutrients and use energy.

Skeletal System
The skeletal system is made up of all the ____________ in your body.

Functions of Skeletal System

Give body ____________ and support Protect your _________________ organs They serves as an attachment point for ___________________, helping them to move. Blood cells are made in the _________________ of bones __________________ and phosphorous compounds are stored in bones for later use. They also make bones hard.

Bone Structure
Bones are not ___________________. They have bumps, edges, round ends, rough spots, and many pits and holes. Muscles and ____________________ attach to the bumps and pits. Blood vessels and _____________________ enter and leave through the holes.

Parts of Bone
PERIOSTEUM
Surface of bone is covered with a ___________________, tight-fitting membrane Small blood vessels in periosteum carry ____________________ into the bone ____________ for growth and repair of bone are found here also Under the periosteum are two types of bone - ____________ bone and ___________ bone

COMPACT BONE
Directly under the periosteum. Compact bone is hard and strong. Gives bones strength. Contains calcium and __________________. Contains bone ____________ and blood vessels It is living. It is keeps bones from being too _____________, brittle or easily broken.

SPONGY BONE
Located at the ______________ of your long bones, like our thigh and upper arm bone. Have many small _____________________ to keep the bone lightweight The centers of long bones have a large opening called a __________________. These cavities are filled with __________________. Marrow is also in openings of the spongy bone __________________ marrow contains fat cells __________________ marrow produces red blood cells How long does it take to produce 2-3 million red blood cells? _____ seconds!

CARTILAGE
The ends of bones are covered with a smooth, slippery, thick layer of tissue called _________ Does ___ contain blood vessels or minerals Flexible Absorbs __________________ in joints Makes movement easier, reduces __________________ Can be damaged

Bone Formation
Beginning skeleton was made of __________________. It gradually broke down and was replaced by ___________. __________________ (bone forming cells) deposited minerals calcium and phosphorus in the bones, making the bone tissue hard. At birth you had ______ bones. You now have 206 bones. How did you lose 94 bones?? Some __________________, or grew together. Osteoblasts build up bone. __________________ - break down bone tissue. This is normal and healthy. The osteoclasts release ______________ and phosphorus into the blood stream, which are needed to keep your body working __________________, including moving your muscles.

Joints
Any place where two or more __________________ come together The bones are separated by cartilage and are held together by __________________. Immovable Joints - ____________ and Pelvis Pivot Joints - arm and ____________ Ball and Socket Joints - hip and shoul____________der Hinge Joints - elbows, ____________ and fingers Gliding Joint - wrists, ____________ and vertebrae