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Biologi Kertas 1 2010 1 1/4 jam

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PEPERIKSAAN SELARAS AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 MATA PELAJARAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIK SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI MELAKA 2010 Kelolaan: PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

BIOLOGI KERTAS 1 Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. 2. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi soalan yang terdiri daripada 50 soalan objektif. Jawab semua soalan. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang berguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

3.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 30 halaman bercetak . [Lihat sebelah]

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Instruction: For question 1 to question 50, each question is followed by four alternative answers A, B, C or D. Choose one correct answer for each question.

1.

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah merupakan tisu penghubung?

2.

Diagram 1 shows an organelle. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu organel.

Diagram 1/Rajah 1 What is the main function of this organelle? Apakah fungsi utama organel ini? A B C D Photosynthesis Fotosintesis DNA replication Replikasi DNA Production of energy Penghasilan tenaga Production of enzymes Penghasilan enzim

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3.

Diagram 2 shows an aquatic organism. [Rajah 2 menunjukkan organisma akuatik]

Carbon dioxide

[Karbon dioksida]

Oxygen
Diagram 2 Rajah2

[Oksigen]

What is the process of substances moving in and out of the organismas shown by the arrows? [Apakah proses pergerakan keluar-masuk bahan pada organisma seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh anak panah.] A B C D 4. Diffusion [Resapan] Osmosis [Osmosis] Active transport [Pengangkutan aktif] Facilitated diffusion [Resapan berbantu]

Diagram 3 shows three types of movement, X, Y and Z, across a plasma membrane? Rajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis pergerakan X, Y dan Z melalui membrane plasma.

Diagram 3/Rajah 3

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What are X, Y dan Z? Apakah X, Y dan Z? A B C X Active transport Pengangkutan aktif Active transport Pengangkutan aktif Facilitated transport Resapan berbantu Facilitated transport Resapan berbantu Y Osmosis osmosis Passive transport Pengangkutan Pasif Active transport Pengangkutan aktif Active transport Pengangkutan aktif Z Diffusion Resapan Diffusion Resapan Diffusion Resapan Osmosis Osmosis

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5.

Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of a potato strip in distilled water 0 at 20 C. Rajah 4 ialah graf yang menunjukkan perubahan dalam jisism jalur ubi kentang dalam air 0 suling pada suhu 20 C.

Diagram 4/Rajah 4 Which of the following is a correct description of the potato cells between hour 2 and hour 3? Pernyataan manakah adalah betul tentang penerangan sel-sel ubi kentang antara jam 2 dan jam 3 ? A The cells were turgid. Sel-sel adalah turgid. B The cell vacuole burst. Vokuol sel pecah. C The cell wall was impermeable to water Dinding sel adalah tidak telap kepada air D The cell membrane was fully permeable Membran sel adalah telap sepenuhnya.

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Diagram 5 shows an experiment which is carried out to study diffusion through a semi permeable membrane. Rajah 5 menunjukkan eksperimen yang dilakukan untuk mengkaji resapan melalui membrane separa telap.

DIAGRAM ? DIAGRAM 17 Diagram 5 What are Q and R? Apakah Q dan R? Q A B C D Sucrose solution 30% Sucrose solution 50% Sucrose solution 30% Sucrose solution 10% R Distilled water Sucrose solution 30% Sucrose solution 30% Sucrose solution 30%

7.

Diagram 6 shows the structure of plasma membrane Rajah 6 menunjukkan struktur membrane plasma

Diagram 6/Rajah 6 What is structure X? Apakah struktur X? A B Glycoprotein Glikoprotein Cholesterol tail Ekor kolesterol C D Peripheral protein Protein periferal Cytoskeleton Sitoskeleton

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8.

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Which organelle that contains the enzymes needed to synthesise ATP in the presence of oxygen? Organel manakah yang mengandungi enzim yang diperlukan untuk mensintesis ATP dalam kehadiran oksigen?

A B 9.

S T

C D

U V

Diagram 7 shows epithelial cells that are found in various parts of the lung and associated structures. Which list represents the correct combinations of these? Rajah 7 menunjukkan epithelial sel yang didapati di pelbagai bahagian peparu dan struktur yang berkaitan. Senarai yang manakah mewakili combinasi yang betul?

Diagram 7/Rajah 7 A B C D P Trachea Trakea Alveolus Alveolus Trachea Trakea Skin Kulit Q Pulmonary vein Vena pulmonary Intestine Usus Skin Kulit Lung Paru-paru R Intestine Usus Skin Kulit Pulmonary vein Vena pulmonary Trachea Trakea

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Which diagram best repserents the levels of organization in the human body? Rajah manakah paling sesuai mewakili aras organisasi dalam badan manusia?

11.

Which of the following represents the secondary structure of protein? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili struktur sekunder protein?

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12. Which of the following are true about protein? [Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang protein?] I Formation of polypeptides is a condensation reaction [Pembentukkan polipeptida adalah suatu tindakan kondensasi] II Breakdown of polypeptides is hydrolysis reaction [Penguraian polipeptida adalah suatu tindakan tindakan hidrolisis] III Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by animal cells. [ Asid amino perlu tidak boleh disintesis oleh sel haiwan] IV Non-essential amino acid can be synthesized by animal cells. [Asid amino tidak perlu dapat disintesiskan oleh sel haiwan] A B I and II only [I and II sahaja] I,II and III only [I , II dan III sahaja] C D III and IV only [III dan IV sahaja] I,II,III and IV only [I,II, III dan IV sahaja]

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Which enzyme, substrate and condition are needed for the digestion of food in the stomach? Yang manakah enzim, substrat dan keadaan yang diperlukan untuk pencernaan makanan dalam perut? Enzyme A B C D Amylase Amylase Pepsin Protease Substrate Starch Starch Protein protein Conditions Acid Alkaline Acid Acid

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The following statements are about the use of a specific enzyme in industries and daily lives. Berikut adalah kenyataan tentang kegunaan spesifik enzim dalam industri dan kehidupan harian. o o o Tenderising meat Melembutkan daging Remove fish skin Mengeluarkan kulit ikan Extracting fur from animal skin Mengeluarkan rambut daripada kulit haiwan

What is the enzyme used? Apakah enzim tersebut? A Amylase B Lipase

C D

Protease Zymase

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15. Four different food tests were carried out on a food sample. The results are shown in Table 1.

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[Empat ujian makanan yang berbeza telah dijalankan keatas suatu sampel makanan. Keputusan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1] Test tube [Tabung uji] 1 2 3 4 Test carried out [Ujian yang dijalankan] Biuret test [Ujian Biuret] Benedict test [Ujian benedict] Iodine test [Ujian iodin] DCPIP test [Ujian DCPIP] Table 1 [Jadual 1] The food sample contains [Makanan tersebut mengandungi] I II III IV protein [protein] starch [kanji] vitamin C [vitamin C] reducing sugar [Gula penurun] C D I, II, III and IV [I,II, III dan IV] I, II and III only [I, II dan III sahaja] Observation [Pemerhatian] Purple solution [Larutan ungu] Blue solution [Larutan biru] Dark blue [Biru gelap] Colourless solution [Larutan tidak berwarna]

A B

I and IV only [I dan IV sahaja] II and III only [II dan III sahaja]

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16. Diagram 8 shows a stage during meiosis in an animal cell. [Rajah 8 menunjukkan suatu peringkat meiosis dalam sel haiwan]

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Diagram 5 [Rajah5] Which of the statement about the cell is true? [Manakah diantara pernyataan berikut benar tentang sel tersebut?] A B The cell is found in the liver. [Sel tersebut terdapat di dalam hati] The cell has four chromosomes at interphase. [Sel tersebut mempunyai empat kromosom semasa interfasa] The cell produces diploid daughter cells at the end of the process. [Sel tersebut menghasilkan sel anak diploid di akhir proses.] The cell produces two daugther cells at the end of the process. [Sel tersebut menghasilkan dua sel anak di akhir proses.] Diagram 9 shows metaphase 1 in an animal cell. [Rajah 9 menunjukkan metafasa 1 dalam sel haiwan]

17.

Diagram 6 [Rajah 6] How many chromosomes are there in the daughter cell of this division? [Berapakah bilangan kromosom dalam sel anak selepas pembahagian ini?] A B 2 4 C D 8 16

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18. Diagram 10 shows the process of cloning a sheep. [Rajah 10 menunjukkan proses pengklonan kambing biri-biri]

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Diploid cell

[Sel diploid]

Ovum

[Ovum]

Embryo
[Embrio]

Surrogate mother
[Ibu tumpang] Diagram 7 [Rajah7] Which of the following is the offspring X? [Antara yang berikut yang manakah anak X?] A. C.

Offspring X
[Anak X]

D.

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19 Diagram 11 shows the phases in a cell cycle. Rajah 11 menunjukkan fasa-fasa dalam satu kitar sel
X phase

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X phase

Y phase

Diagram 11 Which of the following represents V? Manakah yang berikut mewakili V? A B 20. mitosis cytokinesis C D stage S stage G1

Which of the following is an autotrophic organism? [Antara berikut yang manakah organisma autotrofik?] A B C D Cat [Kucing] Amoeba [Amoeba] Mushroom [Cendawan] Hibiscus plant [Pokok bunga raya]

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Bleeding gums is due to the deficiency of [Gusi berdarah disebabkan oleh kekurangan] A B C D iron [besi] calcium [kalsium] vitamin B [vitamin B] vitamin C [vitamin C]

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22 Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide? [Antara karbohidrat berikut yang manakah disakarida?] A B Fructose [Fruktosa] Glucose [Glukosa] C D Galactose [Galaktosa] Sucrose [Sukrosa]

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Diagram 12 shows the human digestive system. [Rajah 12 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia]

C D

Diagram 12 [Rajah 12] Which of the following organs A, B,C or D secrete hydrochloric acid? [Antara organ A, B, C atau D berikut ,yang manakah merembeskan asid hidroklorik?] 24. Which adaptations help the villi to absorb mineral salts effectively? [Penyesuaian yang manakah membantu vilus menyerap garam mineral secara berkesan?] I II Large in number. [Bilangan yang banyak] Thin epithelial walls. [Dinding epithelium yang nipis]

III Lacteal in every villus. [Lakteal pada setiap vilus] IV Dense blood capillaries. [Kapilari darah yang padat] A B I and II only. [I dan II sahaja] II and III only [II dan III sahaja] C D I, II and IV only [I,II dan IV sahaja] I, III and IV only [I, II dan IV sahaja]

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25. Diagram 13 shows the products of a method of food production. [Rajah 13 menunjukkan hasil daripada suatu kaedah penghasilan makanan.]

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Diagram 13/[Rajah13] Which of the following are true about the method? [Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang kaedah tersebut?] I II III IV Discovered by Louis Pasteur. [Ditemui oleh Louis Pasteur] Foods can be preserved over a year. [Makanan boleh disimpan lebih daripada setahun] Can destroy enzymes and kill microorganisms [Boleh memusnahkan enzim dan membunuh mikroorganisma] Used only for preservation of fish and vegetables [Hanya digunakan untuk mengawet ikan dan sayur-sayuran] I and II only. [I dan II sahaja] II and III only [II dan III sahaja] C D II and IV only [II dan IV sahaja] I, III and IV only [I, II dan IV sahaja]

A B

26.

Which of the following statements is true about essential amino acids? Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar tentang asid amino perlu? I II III IV Cannot be synthesised by the body Tidak dapat dihasilkan oleh badan Constitute the majority of total amino acids Terdiri daripada hampir kesemua amino asid There are nine essential amino acids in total Terdapat sembilan asid amino perlu semuanya Main sources are meat, milk and soya beans Sumber utamanya adalah daging, susu dan kacang soya I and IV only I dan IV sahaja II and III only II dan III sahaja I, III and IV only I, III dan IV sahaja I, II, III and IV

A B C D

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27.

Diagram 14 shows the adaptive characteristic of part of a digestive system involved in food absorption. Rajah 14 menunjukkan ciri penyesuaian pada sistem pencernaan yang terlibat dalam penyerapan makanan.

What is structure X? Apakah struktur X A B C D Lacteal Laktil Microvillus Mikrovilus Lymph vessel Salur limfa\ Intestinal gland Kelenjar intestinal

Diagram 14

28.

Diagram 15 shows a cross section of a leaf . [Rajah 15 menunjukkan keratan rentas sehelai daun.]

Diagram 15 [Rajah 15] What is the adaptation of the structure X to optimize photosynthesis?

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[Apakah penyesuaian yang terdapat pada struktur X untuk mengoptimumkan fotosintesis ? A B C D Have a lot of chloroplast. [Mempunyai banyak kloroplas] Large air spaces between cell. [Ruang udara yang besar antara sel] Waterproof layer on the surface. [Lapisan kalis air pada permukaan] Cylindrical cell arranged end to end in long row. [Sel berbentuk selindar tersusun hujung ke hujung dalam barisan panjang]

29.

Diagram 16 shows the relationship between two important stages in photosynthesis. Rajah 16 di bawah menunjukkan hubungan antara dua peringkat dalam fotosintesis.

Diagram 16 What are stage A and stage B? Apakah peringkat A dan peringkat B? A B C D Early stage and final stage Peringkat awal dan peringkat akhir Light stage and dark stage Peringkat cahaya dan peringkat gelap Decomposition stage and construction stage Peringkat penguraian dan peringkat pembinaan Photolysis of water stage and synthesis of water stage Peringkat fotolisis air dan peringkat sintesis air

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30.

Diagram 17 shows a respiratory system. [Rajah 17 menunjukkan sistem respirasi.]

Which organism has the system? [Oraganisma yang manakah mempunyai sistem tersebut] A B Snail [Siput] Frog [Katak] C D Housefly [Lalat] Earthworm [Cacing tanah]

Diagram 17 [Rajah 17]

31.

Which of the following statements explain the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah menerangkan tentang perbezaan antara respirasi aerobik dan respirasi anaerobik? A Aerobic respiration does not involve the use of oxygen whereas anaerobic respiration requires the use of oxygen. Respirasi aerobik tidak melibatkan penggunaan oksigen manakala respirasi anaerobik memerlukan oksigen. Aerobic respiration releases less energy whereas anaerobic respiration releases more energy. Respirasi aerobik membebaskan kurang tenaga manakala respirasi anaerobik membebaskan lebih banyak tenaga. Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid in plant cells and ethanol and carbon dioxide in animal cells. Respirasi anaerobik menghasilkan asid laktik dalam sel tumbuhan manakala etanol dan karbon dioksida dalam sel haiwan. Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondrion while anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. Respirasi aerobik berlaku dalam mitokondrion manakala respirasi anaerobik berlaku dalam sitoplasma.

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32.

Diagram 18 shows the cross section of an alveolus and the surrounding blood capillary Rajah 18 di atas menunjukkan keratan rentas alveolus yang dikelilingi oleh kapilari darah

What is the concentration of oxygen at X, Y and Z? .Apa kepekatan oksigen pada X, Y dan Z? A B C D X Low Rendah Low Rendah High Tinggi High Tinggi Y High Tinggi High Tinggi Low Rendah Low Rendah Z Low Rendah High Tinggi Low Rendah High Tinggi

33.

The following equation shows the relationship between the process of photosynthesis and cell respiration Persamaan berikut menunjukkan hubungan di antara proses fotosintesis dan respirasi sel

Which of the following is possibly represented by X and Y? Yang manakah yang mungkin mewakili X dan Y? X Y A Glucose, oxygen Glucose, carbon dioxide Glukosa,oksigen Glukosa, karbon dioksida B Glucose, carbon dioxide Glukosa, karbon dioksida Glucose, oxygen Glukosa, oksigen

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C D Starch, energy Kanji, tenaga Glucose, oxygen Glukosa, oksigen Carbon dioxide Karbon dioksida

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Water, carbon dioxide,ATP energy Air, karbon dioksida, tenaga ATP

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Diagram 19 shows an owl with a rat. Rajah 19 menunjukkan seekor burung hantu dengan seekor tikus.

Diagram 19 Rajah 19 What is the type of interaction between the organisms ? Apakah jenis interaksi antara organism organism itu ? A B C D 35. Parasitism Parasitisme Mutualism Mutualisme Commensalism Komensalisme Prey - predator Mangsa - pemangsa

Diagram 20 shows an interaction between two living organisms. Rajah 20 menunjukkan interaksi antara dua organisma hidup.

Diagram 13 Rajah 13 Which of the following is true about organism X ?

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Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang organisma X ? A Organism X is epiphyte Organisma X ialah epifit B Organism X is parasite Organisma X ialah parasit C Organism X harms organism Y Organisma X merugikan organisma Y D Organism X absorbs nutrients from organism Y Organsima X menyerap nutrien daripada organisma Y 36. Diagram 21 shows a pyramid of numbers Rajah 21 menunjukkan satu piramid nombor.

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4th trophic level Aras trof 4 3rd trophic level Aras trof 3 2nd trophic level Aras trof 2 1st trophic level Aras trof 1 Diagram 14
Rajah 21 Which organism occupies the second trophic level ? Organisma manakah yang menduduki aras trof kedua ? A B

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37. Diagram 22 shows the organisms P and Q. Rajah 22 menunjukkan organisma P dan Q.

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What is the feeding method for P and Q? Apakah kaedah pemakanan bagi P dan Q? A B C D Autotropic Autotropik Saprophytic Saprofitik Holozoic Holozoik Parasitic Parasitik P

Diagram 22 Rajah 22

Parasitic Parasitik Parasitic Parasitik Saprophytic Saprofitici Heterotropic Heterotropik

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Diagram 23 shows a food web in a bush Rajah 23 menunjukkan satu jaringan makanan di kawasan semak..

snake
ular

frog katak

burung

bird

grasshopper
belalang

ulat beluncas

caterpillar
Diagram 23 Rajah 23

plant

tumbuhan

What is the role of the bird ?

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Apakah peranan burung ? A B C D 39. Producer Pengeluar Tertiary consumer Pengguna tertier Primary consumer Pengguna primer Secondary consumer Pengguna sekunder

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Diagram 24 shows three different zones at a mangrove swamp. Rajah 24 menunjukkan tiga zon yang berbeza di paya bakau.

Diagram 24 Rajah 24

Which types of roots are correctly matched to the dominant mangrove plant in the zones P, Q, and R? Yang manakah jenis akar dipadankan dengan betul kepada pokok bakau yang dominan di zon P, Q dan R ? Zon P Zon Q Zon R

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40.

Diagram 25 shows two organism living together. Rajah 25 menunjukkan dua organisma yang hidup bersama.

Diagram 25
Rajah 25 Rajah 1 Which of the following describe the relationship between a remora fish (Y ) and a shark ( X )? Manakah antara berikut menerangkan perhubungan antara ikan remora (Y) dan jerung(X)?
A B C D Shark (X) Host Perumah Epizoic Epizoit Host Perumah Ectoparasite Ektoparasit Remora fish (Y) Endoparasites Endoparasit Host Perumah Commensal Komensal Host PerumaH

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41. Diagram 26 shows a type of plant in the mangrove swamp. Rajah 26 menunjukkan sejenis tumbuhan paya bakau.

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Diagram 26
Rajah 26
What is structure P ? Apakah struktur P? A B Prop roots Akar jangkang Vivipary seeds Biji benih vivipari C D Pneumatophore Pneumatofor Succulent leaves Daun sukulen

42.

Table 2 shows the result of a field study to estimate the population of garden snails in a vegetable farm Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan kajian lapangan untuk menganggar saiz populasi siput kebun di dalam sebuah ladang sayur. Sample First Pertama Second Kedua 70 marked 70 bertanda Table 2 Jadual 2 What is the estimated population size of the snail ? Berapakah anggaran saiz populasi siput babi berkenaan? A B 6 37 C D 225 600 Number of garden snails captured Bilangan siput babi yang ditangkap 280 80 unmarked 80 tidak bertanda

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43. Diagram 27 shows parts of nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere. Rajah 27 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen di atmosfera.

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What is bacteria X? Apakah bakteria X? A B C D Nitrogen- fixing bacteria Bakteria pengikat nitrogen Denitrifying bacteria Bakteria pendenitratan Purifying bacteria Bakteria pengurai Nitrifying bacteria Bakteria penitritan

Diagram 27 Rajah 27

44.

Table 3 shows the time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise in three water samples of P, Q and R. Jadual 3 menunjukkan masa yang diambil untuk larutan biru metilena menjadi tidak berwarna bagi tiga sampel air iaitu P, Q dan R

Water sample Sampel air Time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise Masa untuk metilena biru menjadi tidak berwarna

P 8 hours 8 jam

Q 3 hours 3 jam

R 5 hours 5 jam

Table 3 Jadual 3 Which of the following is the sample water for P, Q and R ? Manakah yang berikut mungkin adalah sampel air P, Q dan R ? P Pond water Air kolam Drain water Air longkang Q Drain water Air longkang Tap water Air paip R Tap water Air paip Pond water Air kolam

A B

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C D Drain water Air longkang Tap water Air paip Pond water Air kolam Drain water Air longkang Tap water Air paip Pond water Air kolam

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45.

The CFCs in the air condition and refrigerator have been replaced by HCFC. Which of the following statement explains the reason for the replacement? Kandungan CFC di dalam penghawa dingin dan peti sejuk telah digantikan penggunaannya dengan HCFC. Di antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah menerangkan sebab penggantian bahan tersebut? A B C D HCFC cost is cheaper compare to CFC Kos HCFC lebih murah berbanding dengan CFC HCFC is not easily broken by the UV compare to CFC HCFC tidak dapat diuraikan dengan mudah oleh sinaran UV berbanding CFC HCFC is a lot cooler gas compared to CFC HCFC lebih menyejukkan berbanding CFC HCFC is heavier gas so it does not rise to the atmosphere HCFC adalah gas berat, oleh itu ia tidak boleh sampai ke atmosfera

46.

Diagram 28 shows a type of pollution. Rajah 28 menunjukkan sejenis pencemaran.

Diagram 28
Rajah 28
Which of the following is the effect of this type of pollution?

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Manakah antara berikut adalah kesan daripada pencemaran ini? A B C D Photosynthesis in aquatic plants is increased Fotosintesis pada tumbuhan akuatik meningkat Growth rate in aquatic organism is increased Kadar pertumbuhan pada organisma akuatik bertambah Population of aquatic organism is reduced Populasi organisma akuatik berkurangan Tropic level in the food chain is increased Aras trofik dalam rantai makanan bertambah The following information is about eutrophication. Berikut adalah maklumat mengenai eutrofikasi.

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47.

P Algae grow and cover the surface of the lake

Alga tumbuh dan meliputi permukaan kolam Kadar pertumbuhan bacteria meningkat

Q The rate of bacteria reproduction increases R BOD of water increases

BOD meningkat

S Organic fertilizer flows into the lake

Baja organic mengalir ke dalam kolam

Which of the following sequences is correct about the eutrophication process? Antara berikut,manakah urutan yang betul tentang proses eutrofikasi? A B S, P, Q, R P, S, R, Q C D S, Q, R, P Q, S, P, R

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48.

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Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between concentration of atmospheric CO2 and global temperature ? Antara graf berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan hubungan yang betul antara kepekatan CO2 atmosfera dan suhu global ? Key : Kekunci : Concentration of atmosphericCO2 Kepekatan CO2 atmosfera Global temperature Suhu global

C o n c e n tra tio n o f Concentration of CO2 atmospheric CO2 K e p e k a ta n C O 2 Kepekatan CO2

W o rd Global temperature te m p e ra tu re S u h u d u n ia

Suhu global

atmosfera

Concentration of C o n c e n t r a t io n o f CO2 atmospheric CO2 Ke p e k a ta n C O 2 Kepekatan CO 2

atmosfera

W o rd Global temperature te m p e ra tu re S u h u d u n ia

Suhu global

Concentration of C o n c e n tr a tio n o f atmospheric CO2 CO2 Kepekatan CO2 K e p e k a ta n C O

W o rd Global temperature te m p e ra tu re S u h u d u n ia

2 atmosfera

Suhu global

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Concentration of C o n c e n tr a tio n of CO2 atmospheric CO2 KKepekatan e p e k a ta n C O 22 CO
atmosfera

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W o rd Global temperature te m p e ra tu re S u h u d u n ia

Suhu global

49.

Diagram 29 shows an impact of a phenomenon. Rajah 29 menunjukkan impak dari suatu fenomena.

Diagram 29 What is the phenomenon? Apakah fenomena itu? A B C D Greenhouse effect Kesan rumah hijau Ozone depletion Penipisan lapisan ozon Thermal pollution Pencemaran haba Global warming Pemanasan global

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50.

Diagram 30 shows a human activity Rajah 30 menunjukkan satu aktiviti manusia

Diagram 30 Rajah 30 What is the effect of this activity ? Apakah kesan aktiviti ini ? A B C D Acid rain Hujau asid Landslides Tanah runtuh Eutrophication Eutrofikasi Ozone depletion Penipisan lapisan ozon

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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PPD MELAKA TENGAH FORM 4 END OF YEAR EXAMINATION 2010 PAPER1 ANSWERS

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

C A A B A D A C D C

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

B D C C C B A A B D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

D D C C B A A C B C

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

D B D D A A B D B C

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

B D A D B C A B D B

SULIT

SULIT 4551/2 Biology Kertas 2 OKTOBER 2 jam

Name Tingkatan

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PEPERIKSAAN SELARAS AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 MATA PELAJARAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIK SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI MELAKA 2010 Kelolaan: PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

BIOLOGI
Kertas 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. 2. 3. 4. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada ruangan yang disediakan. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam Bahasa Melayu. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A dan Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini. Untuk Keguanaan Pemeriksa Bahagian Soalan 1 2 3 4 5 B 6 7 8 9 Markah Penuh 12 12 12 12 12 20 20 20 20 Jumlah
[Lihat sebelah]

Markah Diperoleh

5.

6.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak 4551/2@2010 Hak cipta JPM 1

SULIT

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON 1. 2. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answer for Section A clearly in spaces provided in the question paper. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the answer sheet provided in the question paper. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamnaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown in brackets. Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkand alam kurungan. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then write down the new answer. Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibaut. Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh deprogram. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60 minutes for Section B. Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.

3.

4. 5.

6.

7. 8.

SULIT Section A Bahagian A [60 marks] [60 markah] Answer all questions in this section Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

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1. Diagram 1 shows organelles P, Q, R and S found in a type of cells from a plants organ. Rajah 1 menunjukkan organel P, Q, R dan S yang terdapat di dalam sejenis sel daripada satu organ tumbuhan.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1 (a) (i) On Diagram 1 label organelles P, Q, R and S. Pada Rajah 1 labelkan organel P, Q, R dan S. [4 marks] (ii) Name an organ of the plant from where organelle R is found abundantly. Namakan organ di mana terdapatnya organel R dengan banyak. .. [ I mark] 1a(i)

1a(ii)

SULIT (b) (i) State a process which occurs in organelle R. Nyatakan satu proses yang berlaku dalam organel R.

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[ 1 mark] (ii) Y is a pigment which involves in the process in (b)(i). Name the pigment. Y adalah pigmen yang terlibat dalam proses di(b)(i). Namakan pigmen itu. (iii) Explain the role of Y in the process. Terangkan peranan Y dalam proses itu. ..... [ 1 mark]

1b(i)

1b(ii)

[ 2 mark] 1b(iii) (c) P, Q and S found abundantly in animal cell.. Explain the consequences if there are lack of organelles P in the animal muscle cell. P, Q dan S terdapat banyak dalam sel haiwan. Terangkan akibatnya jika sel kekurangan organel P dalam tisu otot haiwan. .. .. .. . [3 marks] TOTAL 1(c)

SULIT

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows a series of reaction. Process X is the formation of molecules Q, while process Y is the breakdown of polypeptide. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu siri tindakbalas. Proses X adalah pembentukan molekul Q, manakala proses Y adalah penguraian polipeptida.

Diagram 2.1 (a) Name molecules P and Q. Namakan molekul P dan molekul Q. Molecules P: ............................................................................................... Molekul P Molecules Q ; ............................................................................................ Molekul Q (b) Explain the process of X and Y. Terangkan proses X dan proses Y. (i) Process X // Proses X ... ... ... [2 mark] 2b(i) 2(a)

[ 2 marks ]

SULIT (ii) Process Y // Proses Y ... ... ...

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2b(ii) [2 mark]

(c)

Diagram 2.2 show two types of organic molecules, polypeptide chains and DNA molecule found in a nucleus.

Diagram 2.2 (i) State two structural differences between molecule. the polypeptide chains and DNA

Nyatakan dua perbezaan dari segi srtuktur antara rantai polipetida dan molekul DNA. .. .. .. .. [2 marks] 2c(i)

SULIT (ii) Diagram 2.3 shows the basic unit of DNA molecule.

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Diagram 2.3 Name the structures P and Q. Namakan struktur P dan struktur Q. P : ......................................................................................................................... .. Q : ........................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah] (ii) A DNA molecule consists of two nucleotide chains. Complete Diagram 4.2 to show a DNA molecule. Part of one of the nucleotide chains has been drawn. Satu molekul DNA terdiri daripada dua rantai nukleotida. Lengkapkan Rajah 4.2 untuk menunjukkan satu molekul DNA. Sebahagian daripada satu rantai nukleotida itu telah dilukiskan. 2c(ii)

2c(iii)

TOTAL

[2 marks] [2 markah]

SULIT 3. Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animal cell. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat mitosis, P, Q dan R, dalam sel haiwan.

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(a) Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1. Namakan peringkat P, Q dan R dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 3.1. (b) Explain what happens at stage Q. Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat Q. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

3(a)

[3 marks] [3 markah]

3(b)

(c) State the chromosome behaviour at the following stages: Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom pada peringkat berikut: Stage P / Peringkat P ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... Stage R / Peringkat R ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah] 3(c)

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(d) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial production. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the method named can increase the crop yield. Petani ingin menghasilkan pisang bermutu tinggi bagi penghaslan komersial.Cadangkan satu kaedah yang digunakan dan jelas bagaimana penambahan hasil pertanian. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... [3 marks] [3 markah] (e) Diagram 3.2 shows a cell at stage P. In the next stage, it is found that chromosome M is not separated. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan suatu sel pada peringkat P. Pada peringkat seterusnya, didapati kromosom M tidak berpisah. 3(d)

Draw and label the diagrams for the two daughter cells which will be formed in the space provided below. Lukis dan label rajah kedua-dua sel anak yang akan terbentuk pada ruang yang disediakan di bawah.

3(e)

[2 marks] [2 markak]

TOTAL

SULIT 4. Diagram 4.1 (a) shows the respiratory system in human. Diagram 4.1 (b) shows the respiratory system in a fish. Rajah 4.1 (a) menunjukkan sistem respirasi manusia. Rajah 4.1 (b) menunjukkan sistem respirasi ikan.

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(a)

Name the structures X and Y. Namakan sturktur X dan Y. X : Y :

4(a)

[2 marks]

10

SULIT

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For examiner use

(b)

Explain two characteristics that X and Y have in common for efficiency in cellular respiration. Terangkan dua ciri persamaan bagi X dan Y untuk kecekapan proses respirasi sel. 1 :.. ... 2 :.. ... [4 marks]
4(b)

(c) .... Explain the process of gases exchange between Y and blood capillary. Terangkan proses pertukaran gas yang berlaku antara Y dan kapilari darah. ... ... ... ... (d) Diagram 4.2 (a) shows the lung of a non smoker. Diagram 4.2 (b) shows the lung of a heavy smoker. Rajah 4.2 (a) menunjukkan peparu seorang yang tidak merokok. Rajah 4.2 (b) menunjukkan peparu seorang perokok tegar. [3 marks]
4(c)

State two conditions of the lungs in Diagram 4.2 (b) as compared to the lungs in Diagram 4.2 (a).

11

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Nyatakan dua keadaan peparu dalam Rajah 4.2(b) berbanding dengan peparu dalam Rajah 4,2(a). (e) State one importance of the respiratory system to the organism. Terangkan satu kepentingan sistem respirasi kepada organisma.
4(e) 4(d)

[2 marks]

... ... [1 mark]

TOTAL

5. (a)

In natural ecosystems, there is competition between members of the same species as well as between different species. Dalam ekosistem semulajadi, berlaku persaingan antara ahli dari spesies yang sama begitu juga antara spesies yang berlainan.

Diagram 5.1 Based on Diagram 5.1, explain how competition between members of the same species helps to control population growth.

12

SULIT 4551/2 Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, terangkan bagaimana persaingan antara ahli sesama spesies For membantu mengawal pertambahan populasi. examiner [ 3 marks ] (b) Two species of the flour beetle compete with each other for flour. Both are parasitized by a protozoan . The graph in Diagram 5.2 show the changes in numbers of the two species over 900 days when a parasite is absent and when it is present. Dua spesis kumbang tepung bersaing antara satu sama lain untuk mendapatkan tepung. Sejenis protozoa menjadi parasit kepada kedua-dua spesis kumbang itu . Graf dalam Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan perubahan dalam bilangan kedua-dua spesis untuk tempoh 900 hari sama ada dikultur bersama parasit dan dikultur tanpa parasit.
s use

5(a)

DIAGRAM 5.2 i) Which species is the most successful when the parasite is absent ? Explain your answer. Spesis manakah yang paling berjaya dalam persaingan apabila tiada parasit ? Terangkan jawapan anda. . . .. .. [ 3 marks ]

5(b )(i)

13

SULIT ii) Explain the effect of the parasite on the relative success of the two beetles.

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For examiners use

Terangkan kesan parasit berhubung dengan kemandirian kedua-dua kumbang itu. . . . [ 2 marks ] (c) Diagram 5.3 shows the undesirable weeds which grow along with crop and pose serious problem in the crop production. The crop plants have to compete with the weeds for the same resources. Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan rumpair yang tidak dikehendaki tumbuh bersama tanaman dan menyebabkan masalah yang serius dalam pengeluaran hasil tanaman. Tanaman itu terpaksa bersaing dengn rumpair untuk mendapatkan sumber yang sama.

5 (b) (ii)

Diagram 5.3 State two factors that the crop and weeds may compete for and explain the effects of the competition. Nyatakan dua faktor yang menyebabkan tanaman dan rumpair itu bersaing untuk mendapatkannya dan terangkan kesan-kesan dari persaingan itu. Factor 1 : ... Effect : .. [ 2 marks ]

14

SULIT

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Factor 2 : . Effect : . [ 2 marks] TOTAL 5(c)

15

SULIT Section B Bahagian B [40 marks] [40 markah] Answer any two questions from this section Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini 6. (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the initial and final stage of an experiment. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan peringkat awal dan peringkat akhir satu eksperimen.

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Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 Explain briefly the process shown in Diagram 6.1. Terangkan secara ringkas proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.1. [4 marks] (b) Diagram 6.2 shows a spinach stem that is immersed in different sucrose solutions. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan batang bayam direndam di dalam larutan sukrosa yang berlainan.

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2 Explain what happens to the spinach stem in different sucrose solutions as shown above. Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada batang bayam dalam larutan sukrosa yang berbeza seperti yang ditunjukkan di atas. [8 marks]

16

SULIT

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(c) Diagram 6.3(a) shows condition of a plant during drought and Diagram 6.3(b) shows the condition of the same plant after the plant is given water. Rajah 6.3(a) menunjukkan keadaan sepohon pokok semasa kemarau dan Rajah 6.3(b) menunjukkan keadaan pokok yang sama selepas pokok tersebut disiram dengan air.

Diagram 6.3(a) Rajah 6.3(a)

Diagram 6.3(b) Rajah 6.3(b)

Two root epidermal cell P obtained from the plant in diagram 6.3(a) and Q from the plant in Diagram 6.3(b). Dua sel epidermis akar P diperoleh dari pokok dalam rajah 6.3(a) dan Q diperoleh dari pokok dalam Rajah 6.3(b)

Cell P Sel P

Cell Q Sel Q

Based on Diagram, explain what had happened to the plant Berdasarkan Rajah, terangkan apa yang telah berlaku pada tumbuhan tersebut. [8 marks] [8 markah]

17

SULIT 4551/2 7.(a) Explain why it takes several minute for the pulse rate to return to normal after a vigorous exercise. Terangkan mengapakah kadar degupan jantung mengambil masa beberapa minit untuk kembali normal selepas aktiviti cergas. [4 marks] Diagram 7.1 shows two different organelles. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua jenis organel yang berbeza.

(b)

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Explain the differences between the processes that take place in organelle P and Organelle Q. Terangkan perbezaan proses yang berlaku dalam organel P dan Q. (c) [6 marks]

Diagram 7.2 shows gaseous exchange across the surface of the alveoli and blood capillaries, and between the tissue capillaries and body cells. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan proses pertukaran gas melalui permukaan alveolus dan kapilari darah, dan antara kapilari darah dan sel badan.

Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2

18

SULIT

4551/2 Based on diagram, explain the process of gaseous exchange between the alveoli and blood capillaries, and between the tissue capillaries and body cells. Your explanation should be based on the differences in the partial pressure of respiratory gases between the tissues. Berdasarkan gambarajah, terangkan proses pertukaran gas antara alveolus dan kapilari darah dan antara tisu kapilari dan sel badan. Penerangan mestilah berdasarkan perbezaan kepekatan gas respirasi antara tisu. [10 marks]

8.

Diagram 8 shows the assimilation of digested food in the organ and body cell. Gambarajah 8 menunjukkan proses asimilasi makanan yang tercerna di dalam organ dan sel badan.

DIAGRAM 8 Gambarajah 8 a ) Based on Diagram 8 , explain the assimilation of the following nutrient Berdasarkan gambarajah 8, terangkan proses asimilasi untuk nutrien ( i ) glucose glukosa ( ii ) amino acids asid amino ( iii ) lipids lipid [ 10 marks ]

19

SULIT

4551/2 b) Energy requirement for a girl aged 15 is 9000 kJ daily. Table 1 shows types of food, quantity and energy content of her daily menu. Keperluan tenaga bagi seorang gadis berusia 15 tahun ialah 9000kJ sehari. Jadual 1 menunjukkan jenis makanan, kuantiti dan kandungan tenaga di dalam menu hariannya. Types of food Jenis makanan Rice nasi Chips Keropok Roasted Chicken Ayam panggang Grilled Beef Daging panggang Boiled potato Kentang rebus Chocolate Coklat Yoghurt Yogurt / Dadih Dd Egg Telur Quantity taken Kuantiti yang diambil (g) 350 150 300 200 150 100 200 100 TABLE 1 Jadual 1 Energy Content Jumlah tenaga ( kJ /100 g ) 1500 1000 800 1200 500 2500 200 600

``

Calculate the total energy value taken by the girl daily . Does the energy values satisfy her requirement ? If she continues to take the menu everyday for a long time, explain the consequences of the habit to her health. Kirakan nilai jumlah tenaga yang diambil oleh gadis tersebut setiap hari. Adakah nilai tenaga itu memenuhi keperluan gadis itu? Jika beliau meneruskan pengambilan menu tersebut setiap hari untuk jangkamasa yang panjang, terangkan kesan tabiat tersebut terhadap kesihatannya. [10 marks ]

20

SULIT 9. Due to development, air pollution is becoming one of a health hazard to human. Pencemaran udara merupakan salah satu kesan pembangunan yang menyebabkan masalah kesihatan kepada manusia (a) (b) Discuss the above statement. Bincangkan pernyataan di atas. [10 marks]

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Discuss the effects of mismanaged development on the ecosystem. Describe three steps that can be used to overcome this problem. Bincangkan kesan-kesan daripada pembangunan yang tidak terancang ke atas ekosistem. Huraikan tiga langkah yang boleh digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. [10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

21

MARKING SCHEME : F4 END OF YEAR EXAM - PAPER 2

SECTION A Able to shows organelles P,Q R and S found in 1(a)i a type of cells from a plants organ. Answer P: mitochondria Q: rough endoplasmic reticulum R: chloroplast S: Golgi apparatus (a)ii Able to name the organelle accurately Answer Leaf Able to state the process that occurs in the organelle R Answer Photosynthesis Able to name the pigment Answer chlorophyll Able to explain the role of Y in the process Answer F Absorb sunlight E1 change the light energy to chemical energy E2 carbon dioxide and water is convert into glucose E3 (and) stored as starch/food in plant Any two Able to explain the consequence of a lack of organelle P in the animals muscle cell Answer F its a sites of cellular respiration E1 less energy is generated/produce E2 less work can be done by the muscle 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

(b)i

(b)ii

(b)iii

1 1 1

(c )

TOTAL

12

2(a)

Able to name the molecules P and Q Answer P: amino acids Q: dipeptide Able to explain the processes of X and Y Answer i.Process X P1:molecules P combined together chemically by condensation process P2:molecules of water is produced ii. Process Y P1:polypeptide can be broken down into molecule Q through hydrolysis process P2: requires a molecules of water to breakdown

1 1

(b)

1 1

1 1
4

(c)(i)

Able to state two structural differences between the polypeptide chains and DNA molecule Sample answer P1 DNA is double stranded whereas polypeptide is single stranded P2 DNA is made up of repeating units of phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous bases(nucleotides) whereas polypeptide is made up of (20) different type of amino acids 1 1 2

(c )(ii)

Able to name the structures P and Q Answer P: phosphate molecule Q: nitrogenous base Able to complete the DNA molecule Answer 1 1 2 2 2

(c )iii

12

TOTAL

3(a)

Able to name the stages P,Q and R Answer P: metaphase Q:prophase R: anaphase Able to explain what happens at stage Q Answer P1: chromosome become shorter and thicker P2: each chromosome consist of two sister chromatids joint together at the centromeres P3: spindle fibres begin to form between the centrioles Able to state the chromosome behaviour at the following stages Answer Stage P: the chromosomes are arranged randomly at the cell equator/metaphase plate Stage R: the two sister chromatids of each chromosomes are pulled apart to the opposite poles

1 1 1

(b)

1 1 1 2

(c )

(d)

Able to suggest a suitable method Answer Tissue culture Able to explain how the method named can increase the crop Answer P1:plant tissues are cut into small pieces called explant P2: explants are transferred into a test tube containing culture medium P3:explant divide through mitosis and develop new shoots P4:roots will then develop through mitosis producing young plants

1 1 1 1 2

(e)

Able to draw and label the diagram for the twodaughter cells which will be formed in the space provided Answer

1 1 2

TOTAL

12

4(a)

Able to name structure X and Y correctly Answer X : alveolus Y : Filament Able to explain two characteristics which the human respiratory system and the fish respiratory system have in common correctly Sample answer F1 : Both have many tiny structures // human has many alveolus and fish has many filaments / lamellas E1 to increase total surface( area per volume ) F2 : Both respiratory organs are surrounded by many/very dense network of blood capillaries for diffusion of gases E2to be more efficient P3 : Both respiratory organs have very thin cell membranes/surfaces , only one cell thick for diffusion of gases to be more efficient P4 : Both respiratory organs are moist , the gases easily dissolved in the moist , diffusion of gases more efficient Any two characteristics with explanations

1 1

(b)

2 2 2 4

(c )

Able to explain the process of gases exchange between Y and blood capillary Sample answer P1 : During inhalation , the dissolved oxygen diffuses P2 : into the blood capillary P3 : Oxygen combine with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin P4: transported to tissues for cellular respiration P5 : Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood capillary Able to state the condition of the heavy smokers lung. Sample answer Any three

1 1 1 1 1 3

(d)

P1 : Dark sport in the tissues of lung are particles of carbon / tar /other suitable substances from cigarette smoke P2 : that passed through respiratory passages / logged in the lungs P3 leads to black lung P4 (become) cancerous cell Any two

1 1 1 1 2

(e)

Able to state one importance of the respiratory system to the organism Sample answer P1 : to supply / transport oxygen to the tissues // to transport carbon dioxide from the tissue 1 1

TOTAL

12

6
5(a) Able to explain the competition Sample answer: F: intraspecific competition E1: Animal which is stronger, E2: obtain more food (and) will survive at the expense of others Able to choose the species correctly Answer : Species A Able to explain the succesfull species due to the number of adult beetles Sample answer P1. number of adult species is higher than species B. P2. after 300 days the number of species B decrease but species A increase (b)(ii) Able to explain the effect of the parasite Sample answer: P1. species B more succesful/survive in the competition P2. parasite destroyed species A Able to state the factors and explanation Sample answer F1: compete for light intensity/ E1: for photosynthesis / Produce energy E3: weeds faster growth/ over-power the crop F2: compete for water/moisture E2: weeds deplete soil moisture much faster than the crop E3: hence under limited soil moisture, E4: the crop faces drought. 1 1 2

1 1 1

(b)(i)

1 1

(c )

1 1 1 Any four 1 1 1 1

TOTAL

4 12

SECTION B
6a Able to explain he process in the Diagram 6.1 Sample answer P1 -The process shown is osmosis P2 -At the initial stage, the concentration of sucrose is high / hypertonic in arm A compared to arm B. P3- Thus, the osmosis pressure is higher in arm A compared to arm B P4- water molecules from arm B move across the semi-permeables membrane into arm A P5-until the concentration of both arms reach a dynamic equilibrium P6- at the final stage, the concentration of sucrose is the same in both arms / isotonic. P7- Thus , the osmotic pressure is the same in both arms/ The level of water is higher in arm A compared to arm B Any four points Able to explain what happens to the spinach stem in different sucrose solutions Sample answer Spinach stem in 0.01 M sucrose solution P1 M sucrose solution is a hypotonic solution P2 The vacuole expands and swells up P3 The vacuole and the cytoplasm press outwards against the plasma membran which in turn presses against the cell wall. P4 The cell becomes turgid and firm as a result of the net flow of water into the cell P5 The strip becomes longer, thicker and turgid. It curves outwards with the epidermal layer on the inside. Any three Spinach stem in 0.5 M sucrose solution P1 0.5 M sucrose solution is an isotonic solution P2 Water enters and leaves the cells at the same rate P3 The length and the shape of the strip remain the same. 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

( b)

Any two

Spinach stem in 1.5 M sucrose solution P1 1.5 M sucrose solution is a hypertonic solution P2 Both the vacuole and the cytoplasm lose water to the surroundings and shrink. P3 The plasma membrane pulls away from the cells wall. P4 The cells become flaccid. P5 The strip become shorter. P6 It curves inwards with the epidermal layer on the outside

1 1 1 1 1 3

Any three

(c)

Able to explain what had happened to the plant Diagram 6.3(a) Wilting in plants P1 wilting is caused by the excessive use of fertilizers. P2 fertilisers dissolve in the soil water. P3 This makes the soil water become more concentrated (hypertonic) than the cell sap of the plant roots P4 water diffuses out from the cell sap into the soil by osmosis, causing the cells to be plasmolysed. P5 the leads to wilting and the plants eventually die if water is not supplied immediately. Diagram 6.3(b) Turgidity in plant P1 Plant cell is immersed in hypotonic solution P2 Water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis P3 Vacuole gains water, expand and exerts pressure outwards on the cell wall P4 Cause the plant cell to become turgid

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 8

TOTAL

20

7a

Able to explain why it takes several minute for the pulse rate to return to normal after vigorous exercise Sample answer F After vigorous exercise,the pulse rate takes several minutes to return to normal. E1 During exercise, the intake of oxygen is not able to meet the oxygen demand of the body. E2 Respiration has to take place an aerobically. E3 As a result, lactic acid accumulates in the muscle. E4 After exercise, the pulse rate takes several minutes to return to normal because more oxygen is need to oxidize the lactic acid and to provide the energy for the recovery of the muscle. Able to explain the differences between the process that take place in organelle P and Q Organelle P is chloroplast Organelle Q is a mitochondrion

1 1 1 1 1 4

b.

1 1

Process Purpose Raw material Products Energy

Organelle P Photosynthesis Stores energy Water and carbon dioxide Glucose, water and oxygen Required

Organelle Q Respiration Release energy Glucose and oxygen Energy, water and carbon dioxide Not required.

1 1 1 1 1 6

c.

Able to explain the process of gaseous exchange between the alveoli anf blood capillaries, and between the tissue capillaries and body cells. F The partial pressure of oxygen in the air of the alveoli is higher (when compared to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood capillaries) E1 Oxygen dissolve in the film of water on the surface of alveoli and E2 then diffuses into the blood capillaries. 1

1 1

- Blood which enters the blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli has a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the air of the alveoli. - Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood capillaries into the alveoli

10

E3 The blood that leaves the lungs via the pulmonary vein has a high partial pressure of oxygen E4 and low partial pressure of carbon dioxide. E5 The blood that reaches the tissue capillaries has a higher partial pressure of oxygen than that of the body cells E 6 because cellular respiration depletes the oxygen content in the cells. E7 Hence, oxyhaemoglobin breaks down and release the oxygen E8 which diffuses through the capillary walls into the body cells. E9 This oxygen is used for cellular respiration. E10 Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide, E11 cause the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the body cells higher than E 1 the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the tissue capillaries. E13 Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the body cells into the tissue capillaries E14 then transported back to the lungs. E15 Blood arriving at the lungs via the pulmonary artery has a lower partial pressure of oxygen E16 and a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide compared to the blood leaving the alveoli. E 1 7 As a result, both gases diffuse down their partial pressure gradients.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

TOTAL

20

11
8 (a) Able to explain the assimilation of digested food of glucose , amino acids and lipids Sample answer In the liver Glucose P1 Excess of glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen and stored P2 When glucose level in blood is low glycogen is converted to glucose P3 Excess of glycogen is converted to lipids Amino acid P4 Synthesis of plasma protein from amino acids P5 Excess amino acids are deaminated into urea In the body cell Glucose P6 glucose is oxidized to release energy (in cellular respiration) Amino acid P7 Amino acids is used to synthesise new protoplasm/ repair of damaged tissues P8 Amino acids is used to synthesise enzymes/antibodies/hormones Lipids P9 Excess lipids is stored in adipose tissues P10 Phospholipids and cholesterol make up the plasma membrane Any 10

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 10

(b)

Able to calculate the energy value taken daily Answer Total energy value is 5250+1500+2400+2400+750+2500+400+600=15800KJ The energy value is exceeded the girl needs Able to explain the consequences of the eating habit when taking the menu daily for a long time Sample answer P1 The menu is not a balanced diet /does not contain the 7 classes of food in appropriate ratio P2 Menu is highly rich in carbohydrates and fats// no vegetables and lack of vitamins P3 Higher energy intake compare to energy requirement for a girl aged 15 1 1 1 1 1

12

Consequences F1 Constipation /description E1 lack of fiber , faeces moving to slowly through the colon F2 Scurvy E2 lack of vitamin C //any other vitamins deficiency with explanation F3 Obesity E3 increase in body weight drastically F4 Diabetes mellitus/glucosuria E5 excess of glucose contain in blood F6 Arteriosclerosis E6 fats deposited in the lumen of blood vessel F7 Heart attack/angine E7 blockage in the coronary artery // Any other cardiovascular diseases with explanation Any eight 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TOTAL

20

13
9 a. Able to discuss the statement Sample answer F1-Incomplete combustion of fossil fuel P1-Carbon monoxide P2-combid with haemoglobin and affects the transport of oxygen to body cells P3-causes fatigue and headache F2-Factories P4-Sulphur dioxide/oxides of nitrogen P5-Irratates the eyes P6-damage the respirary passaes P7-causes bronchitis/asthamic P8- combines with rainwater to form acid rain P9-corrodes iron and building F3 Open Burning/combustion P10 Carbon dioxide P11 leads to green house effect and global warming

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

b.

Any ten Able to discuss the effects of mismanaged development on the ecosystem and three steps that can be used to overcome this problem. Sample answer P1-Excessive cutting down of trees increases the Earths temperature. P2-More carbon dioxide in the air causes greenhouse effect/global warming. P3-Illegal logging / uncontrolled deforestation P4-may cause that land to be exposed to soil erosion P5-Excessive use of pesticides can cause water pollution. P6excessive use of fertilizers cause Eutrophication P7-Aquatic plants and animals die P8-More vehicles causes more carbon dioxide/ carbon monoxide/ lead in the atmosphere. P9- Factories release Sulfur dioxide P10-causes acid rain. P11-Glass buildings cause thermal pollution. P12-Construction sites/entertainment outlets /factories cause noise pollution. P13- Clearing of land / burning of trees cause air pollution. To overcome this problem : Any 7

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

P1- recycle, reuse and reduce. P2-Paper aluminium cans and glass bottles can be recycled. P3-Glass or plastic containers can be reused to conserve natural resources. P4-Reducing the use of paper, polystyrene and plastic bags save the environment. Any 3

1 1 1 1 3

TOTAL

20

SULIT[Type the document title] 4551/3 biologi Kertas 3 Oktober 2010 1 jam No. K/P:

4551/3

PEPERIKSAAN SELARAS AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 MATA PELAJARAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIK SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI MELAKA 2010 Kelolaan: PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH*ALOR GAJAH*JASIN BIOLOGI KERTAS 3 Satu jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Tuliskan nombor kad pengenalan dan nama anda pada ruang yang disediakan. Soalan Markah Penuh 1 33 2 Respons 17 Jumlah Markah Diperoleh

2.

Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman 1.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 11 halaman bercetak 4551/3

[lihat sebelah SULIT

SULIT INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

4551/3

1. 2. 3.

This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all questions. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in the question paper. Write your answer for Question 2 on the lined pages at the end of the question paper in detail. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Show your working, it may help you to get marks. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer The diagrams in the question are not drawn to scale unless stated. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets. The time suggested to complete Question 1 is 45 minutes and Question 2 is 45 minutes. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination.

Marks awarded: Score 3 2 1 0 Description Excellent : The best response Satisfactory: An average response Weak: An inaccurate response No response or wrong response

SULIT Answer all the question The time suggested to complete each question is 45 minutes Jawab semua soalan Masa yang diperuntukkan untuk soalan ini ialah 45 minit 1.

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A group of students carried out the experiment to study the movement of substances across the plasma membrane. Figure 1(a) shoes the procedures that have been used to carry out that experiment. The results are shown in Figure 1(b)(i), Figure 1(b)(ii) and Figure 1(b)(iii). Sekumpulan pelajar melaksanakan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pergerakan bahan merentas membrane separa telap. Rajah 1(a) menunjukkan Kaedah yang telah digunakan untuk menjalankan eksperimen. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1(b)(i), Rajah 1(b)(ii) dan Rajah 1(b)(iii).

Figure 1(a)

SULIT

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SULIT

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SULIT (a)

4551/3 Record the level of sucrose solution in the boxes provided in For Examiners Figure 1(a), 1(b)(i), 1(b)(ii) and 1(b)(iii) Catatkan aras larutan sukrosa ke dalam kotak pada Rajah 1(a), Use 1(b)(i), 1(b)(ii) dan 1(b)(iiii) [3 marks] Untuk
kegunaan pemeriksa

(b)(i) State two observations that can be made from the experiment. Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang dapat dibuat daripada 1(a) eksperimen ini 1. .. .. 2. . [3 marks] (ii) State two inferences from the observations in (b)(i) Nyatakan inferens bagi setiap pemerhatian (b)(i) 1. .. 2. ... . [3 marks] (c) Construct a table and record all the data collected in the experiment. Binakan satu jadual dan rekodkan data-data yang didapati dalam (c) eksperimen. [3 marks]

(b)(i)

1(b)(ii)

For

SULIT (d) Complete Table 1 based on the experiment that was carried out. Lengkapkan Jadual 1 berdasarkan eksperimen yang dijalankan. Variables Pembolehubah Manipulated Variable Pembolehubah Dimanipulasikan . Responding Variable Pembolehubah Bergerakbalas . . Controlled Variable Pembolehubah dimalarkan . . Particular to be implemented Perkara-perkara yang dikendalikan How to alter the manipulated variable

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Examiners Use Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa

Bagaimana mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasi

.. .. How to determine the responding variable

Bagaimana menentukan pembolehubah bergerakbalas

. . How to maintain the controlled variable

Bagaimana menetapkan pembolehubah dimalarkan

(d)

.. .

Table 1 Jadual 1 [3 marks]

SULIT (c) State the hypothesis for this experiment Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini .. .. .. [3 marks] (f)

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For Examiners Use Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa (e)

Describe the relationship between time and the increase of sucrose solution level in the scaled glass tube Huraikan hubungan antara masa dengan kenaikan larutan sukrosa pada tiub kaca berskala. [3 marks]
(f)

(g)

Predict the expected observation, if this experiment is to be continued for another 2 hours. Explain your answer. Ramalkan pemerhatian yang dijangkakan jika eksperimen ini diteruskan untuk 2 jam lagi. Terangkan jawapan anda. .. [3 marks]
(g)

SULIT (h)

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For What can be deduced about the osmosis based on the results of this Examiners Use experiment?

Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, apakah yang dapat anda Untuk rumuskan tentang proses osmosis .. .. [3 marks]

kegunaan pemeriksa (h)

(i)

Another student has carried out an experiment by using these solutions: Seorang pelajar lain menjalankan kajian dengan mengunakan larutan seperti berikut:Distilled water Air Suling 20% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 20% 15% sucrose solution Larutan sukrosa 15%

SULIT

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For Examiners Use

Classify the above cells A, B, C and D to the solutions that affects them after Untuk being immersed. kegunaan Kelaskan sel-sel A, B, C dan D di atas yang menyebabkan sel berkeadaan pemeriksa demikian. [3 marks]

(i)

10

SULIT 4551/3 2. A group of students carried out an experiment to determine the effect of the intensity of light on the rate of photosynthesis. The distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp is kept constant at 20cm. Design a laboratory experiment that includes the required aspects to study the relationship between the intensity of light and the rate of photosynthesis. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadar fotosintesis. Kedudukan di antara sumber cahaya dengan tumbuhan Jydrilla sp ditetapkan pada 20cm. Reka bentuk satu eksperimen di makmal yang mengandungi kesemua aspek yang diperlukan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara keamatan cahaya dengan kadar fotosintesis.

[17 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

11

4551/3 (PP) SULIT 4551/3 (PP) Biologi Kertas 3 Peraturan Pemarkahan Oktober 2010 PEPERIKSAAN SELARAS AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 SAINS TULEN SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH NEGERI MELAKA 2010

BIOLOGI KERTAS 3 MARK SCHEME

AMARAN Peraturan pemarkahan ini SULIT. Kegunaannya khusus untuk pemeriksa yang berkenaan sahaja. Sebarang maklumat dalam peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dimaklumkan kepada sesiapa. Peraturan pemarkahan ini tidak boleh dikeluarkan dalam apa jua bentuk penulisan dan percetakan.

4551/2 (PP)

Peraturan pemarkahan ini mengandungi 16 halaman bercetak. [lihat sebelah SULIT

Question 1 ITEM (a) SCORE EXPLANATION KM0603 Measuring using number Able to record all four level of sucrose solution correctly. Sample answer: 3 Time (min) 0 10 20 30 2 1 0 (b)(i) The rise in the sucrose solution level (ml) 0.0 4.5 9.5 9.9 NOTES

Able to record any three level of sucrose solution correctly Able to record any one of the observations correctly No response or wrong response KB0601 Observing Able to state all observations from the table correctly and accurately.

Sample answer: 1. The first 10 minutes, the sucrose solution level is 4.5ml 2. At the 20th minutes, the sucrose solution level is 9.5ml 3. At the 30th minutes, the sucrose solution level is 9.9ml Able to state any three observations from table 1 correctly and accurately or statement of interpretation of data Sample answer: 1. For the 2nd reading, the sucrose solution level is 4.5ml 2. For the 3rd reading, the sucrose solution level is 9.5ml 3. For the 4th reading, the sucrose solution level is 9.9ml Able to give idea for the observation

1 0

Sample answer: 1. There is an increase in the sucrose solution level. No response OR wrong response

(b)(ii)

KB0604 Making inference Able to state the inference of each observation made The inference is based on the correctly and accurately based on the following criteria: respective observation 1. State the time taken for the observation 2. State the increasing of sucrose solution level caused by the osmosis process.

Sample answer: 3 1. At the tenth minute, water molecules move through the Visking tubing due to osmosis process. 2. At the twentieth minute, water molecules moves through the Visking due to osmosis process. 3. At the thirtieth minute, water molecules move though the Visking tubing due to osmosis process Able to state any one inference correctly based in the given criteria, OR Able to state an idea of inference for both observations made based on the given criteria. Sample answer: 1. Water molecules move through the Visking tubing due to osmosis process. Able to state any one idea of an inference for any one observation made 1 Sample answer: 1. Water molecules move in. 2. Osmosis process occurs. No response OR wrong response

(c)

Able to construct a table with the correct title, units and date. 3 Time (minutes) 0 10 20 30 The rise in the sucrose solution level (ml) 0.0 4.5 9.5 9.9

2 1 0

Able to construct a table with the correct title, unit and three correct date. Able to construct a table with the correct title, unit and two correct date. No response or wrong response KB0610 Controlling variables Able to state the variables in this experiment correctly

(d)

Sample answer: Variables Manipulated Variables: Time Particulars to be implemented How to alter manipulated variables The readings are taken at the different intervals// The reading are taken at 10 minutes intervals Responding How to determine the manipulated Variables : variables: The rise in the Measure the rise in the sucrose sucrose solution level by using the scale on the solution level glass tube Controlled How to maintain the controlled variables: variables: Sucrose Using the same concentration of concentration// sucrose solution// Using the same Volume of volume of distilled water distilled water

Notes: Variables and particular implemented must be related to each other. One mark for each variables and correct particular implemented. KM0611 Making hypothesis (e) Able to make a statement of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable correctly and accurately. Criteria set: C1: State the manipulated variable C2: State the responding variable C3: Show a specific relationship/showing direction of relationship Sample answer 1. The longer the time taken, the higher the level of sucrose solution (on the scaled glass tube) 2. The shorter the time taken, the higher the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube 3. If the time taken is shorter, the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube is less. 2 Able to make a statement of hypothesis based on the following criteria: Criteria set: C1: State the manipulated variable C2: State the responding variable C3: Show the relationship but not specific/no direction Sample answer 1. Time affects the increased of sucrose solution level in the scaled glass tube. 2. The increase of sucrose solution level is related to the time taken. C1 & C2 Must be Stated Correctly

Able to give an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Stating a relationship with C1 or C2. Sample answer: 1. The level of sucrose solution increase in the scaled glass tube

No response OR wrong response KM0608 Interpreting Data

(f)

Able to state the relationship between the time and the increasing of the sucrose solution level in the scaled glass tube correctly and accurately. Sample answer: The level of sucrose solution increases with time. This is because water molecules from outside the Visking tubing diffuse through the semi-permeable Visking tubing by osmosis process.

Able to state the relationship between the time and the increasing of sucrose solution level in the scaled glass tube but less accurate. Sample answer: 1. The level of the sucrose solution increase with time.

Able to state an idea of a relationship between the time and the increasing of sucrose solution level in the scaled glass tube. Sample answer: 1. The level of the sucrose solution increases.

No response OR wrong response KM0605 Predicting

(g)

Able to predict the increasing of sucrose solution level in the scaled glass tube and the explanation. Criteria:

C1: No increase//increase in the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube. C2: Level of sucrose solution is 9.9ml// more than 9.9ml C3: The net movement of water molecules in and out of the membrane is the same// Water molecules enter/diffuse through the semi-permeable Visking tubing by osmosis process. Sample answer 1. The level of sucrose solution in scaled glass tube increases more than 9.9ml because water molecules enter/diffuse through the semi-permeable Visking tubing by osmosis process. 2. There is no increase in the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube because the dynamic equilibrium has achieved. The level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube is 9.9ml because the net movement of water molecules in and out of the membrane is the same. 2 Able to predict the increasing in the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube and the explanation but incomplete or based on theory. Sample answer 1. The level of sucrose solution in scaled glass tube increases more than 9.9ml 2. The level of sucrose solution in scaled glass tube increases due to osmosis process. 1 Able to give idea of a prediction on the observation Sample answer: 1. The level of sucrose solution in the glass scaled tube increases. 2. Water molecules enter the Visking tubing through osmosis process.

0 (h)

No response OR wrong response KB0609 Defining by Operation

Able to state correctly and accurately the definition of osmosis based on the results of the experiment using the following criteria: C1: Process of water molecules entering the Visking tubing C2: Time taken for the increasing in the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube C3: The increasing in the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube Sample answer: 1. Osmosis is a process where water molecules move from the distilled water to the 30% sucrose solution through the Visking tubing (until equilibrium is achieved) 2. Osmosis is a process where water molecules enter the Visking tubing at the tenth minute and the level of sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube is raised at 4.5 ml. 3. Osmosis is a process where water molecules enter the Visking tubing at the twentieth minutes and the level of the sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube is raised at 9.5ml. 4. Osmosis is a process where water molecules enter the Visking tubing at the thirtieth minute and the level of the sucrose solution in the scaled glass tube is raised at 4.5ml.

Able to state accurately the definition of osmosis based on two correct criteria or able to state the definition of osmosis based on theory.

Sample answer: 1. Osmosis is a process where water molecules move from the distilled water to the (30%) sucrose solution. 1 Able to state less accurately the definition of osmosis or able to give an idea of a definition. Sample answer: 1. Osmosis is process where water molecules move from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute through the Visking tubing. 2. Osmosis is a process where water molecules move from a higher concentration of water molecules to a lower concentration of water molecules through the Visking tubing 0 (i) No response OR wrong response KB-0602 Classifying 3 Able to classify the solution and the picture base on the correct function. Material Distilled water 15% sucrose solution 20% sucrose solution 2 1 0 C A B and D Picture

Able to classify any two solution and picture correctly Able to classify any one solution and picture correctly No response OR wrong response

QUESTION 2 RUBRIC MARKING SCHEME ITEM NO SCORE EXPLANATION KB061201 Statement of Identified Problem Able to give a statement of identified problem completely and correctly 3 Sample Answer: 1. How does the different intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? 2 Able to give a statement of identified problem but incomplete Sample Answer: 1. How does the intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? 2. Does the intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? 1 Able to give an idea of a statement of identified problem Sample Answer: 1. Does the intensity of light affect the photosynthesis? 0 No response OR wrong response KB061202 Making Hypothesis Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variables to the responding variable. Criteria set: C1:Sates the manipulated variables C2:State the responding variables C3:Shows a specific relationship and direction between the manipulated variable and the responding variable Note: Answer must have C1, C2 and C3. REMARKS

Sample Answer 1. The higher the intensity of light, the higher the rate of photosynthesis. 2. As the intensity of light decreases/increases, the rate of photosynthesis decreases/increases. 3. The lower the intensity of light, the lower the rate of photosynthesis. Able to make a statement of hypothesis which states the manipulated variable and the responding variable. 2 Answer must have C1 and C2 and C3 without direction of relationship Sample Answer: 1. Different intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis. 2. Intensity of light change the rate of photosynthesis. 3. The rate of photosynthesis depends on the intensity of light. Able to state and idea of statement of hypothesis. 1 Answer must have C1 or C2 stating a relationship with C1 or C2 Sample Answer: 1. The intensity of light affect photosynthesis. 2. The rate of photosynthesis depends on light. 0 No response OR wrong response

ITEM NO

SCORE

EXPLANATION KB061203 Planning an Investigation Scoring criteria; C1: States 7-9 of the following items C2: Statement P1, P4, -7 and P8 must be correct C3: Must have C1 and C2 P1: Objective/Aim of investigation/study P2: Statement of identified problem P3: Statement of hypothesis P4: Variables P5: List of materials and apparatus P6: Technique used P7: Method/Procedure of investigation P8: Data presentation//Presentation of results P9: Conclusion

REMARKS

3 2

Refer to the attachment 2 for sample Answer

2 1 0

Scoring criteria: C1: States 5-6 items Scoring criteria: C1: States 2 4 items No response OR wrong response

ITEM NO

SCORE

EXPLANATION KB061204 Method / Procedure of Investigation Scoring criteria: RB: Adequate preparation of materials and apparatus (K1 and K3) MU: How to manipulate the variable (K2) CU: How to control the variable (K4) D: How to collect / obtain data (K6/K7) P: Precautionary measures (K5) Able to state 6-7 items Able to State 4-5 items Able to state 2-3 items No response OR wrong response Sample Answer: K1: A clean oblique cut is made with a sharp razor near the lower end of the Hydrilla sp. stem. K5: Under water. (You may have to cut the end of the stem several times until bubbles emerge rapidly.) K2: Used the different bulbs with different watts (20W, 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W and 120W bulb). K3: The aquatic plant is placed with the bubbling and upwards, inside a glass funnel. K4: The apparatus is placed at a distance of 20cm from the light source // 0.02% of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution // room temperature is used. K6: The number of gas bubbles released in one minute is counted after the plant releases bubbles at a constant rate. K7: Record the number of bubbles released in one minute in the table

REMARKS

2 1 0

ITEM NO

SCORE

EXPLANATION KB061205 Listing of Materials and Apparatus Able to state all the materials and apparatus

REMARKS

Sample Answer: Materials: A few strands of Hydrilla sp/ Elodea sp. 0.02% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution Distilled water Plasticine Apparatus: Bulbs with different watt/ a 20W, 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W and 120W Bulb, metre ruler, beaker, a test tube, a glass funnel, stopwatch, thermometer. Able to state materials and apparatus as listed below:

Must state submerged aquatic plant

Sample Answer: Materials : A few strands of Hydrilla sp/ Elodea sp, 0.02% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution Apparatus: Bulbs with different watt, metre ruler, beaker, test tube, stopwatch, thermometer. Able to state one of the materials and one of the apparatus listed below:

Sample Answer: Materials: Hydrilla sp/Elodea sp, 0.02% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution Apparatus: A light source, beaker/test tube No response or wrong response Scores for report B1: Technique B2: Data complete with tittles and units

SAMPLE ANSWER ITEM NO P1 Aim of study: P2 P3 P4 EXPLANATION REMARKS

Studying the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis Statement of identified problem: How does the intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? Statement of hypothesis: The higher the intensity of light, the higher the rate of photosynthesis Variables: i. manipulated: The intensity of light/bulbs with different watts ii. responding: Number of bubbles that are released n one minute//rate of photosynthesis. iii. controlled: Temperature of water//concentration of carbon dioxide List of materials and apparatus: Materials: A few strands of Hydrilla sp. 0.02% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, distilled water and plasticine. Apparatus: A light source, a 20W, 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W and 120W of bulbs, a 500ml beaker, a test tube, a glass funnel, a stopwatch, a razor, a metre ruler and thermometer Technique used: Counting bubbles released within one minutes by using a stopwatch Method/Procedure of investigation: 1. 300ml of 0.02% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution is put in a beaker 2. The temperature of the solution is maintain at 280C. 3. A few strands of Hydrilla sp are chosen. 4. A clean oblique cut is made with a sharp razor near the lower end of the Hydrilla sp. stem, under water, (You may have to cut the end of the stem several times until bubbles emerge rapidly). 5. The aquatic plant is placed with the bubbling end upwards, inside a glass funnel. The funnel is placed upside down in the beaker that contain 0.02% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Teh sodium hydrogen carbonate solution supplies carbon dioxide to the Hydrilla sp. 6. The apparatus is placed at a distance of 20cm from the light source, 20W bulb. 7. The number of bubbles released in one minute is counted after

P5

P6

8. 9.

the plant releases bubbles at a constant rate. This step is repeated twice. Step 1 to 7 is repeated by using 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W and 120W bulbs. The results are recorded in a table.

P7

Data presentation // Presentation of the results: Intensity of light (W) Number of bubbles released 20 40 60 80 100 120

Remarks: Complete With tittles and units.

P8

Conclusion: The rate of photosynthesis increases with the increase of the intensity of light but is limited by the concentration of carbon dioxide. The hypothesis is accepted.

THE END OF MARKING SCHEME