CONTROL VALVE SIZING

Cv - is a dimensionless coeficient that relates to a valve's flow capacity. Cv =

Q Dp

where Q = flowrate

Dp

pressure drop across the valve

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DB DP FF FK FL FLRE FLRA FP FR Gf Gg k Kc M P1 P2 Pc Pv Q T V2 W x xT Y Z l

= = = = = = = =

Inside diameter of Valve Body Outlet - Inches - see table 4 Inside diameter of Outlet Pipe - Inches Liquid Critical Pressure Ratio Factor Ratio specific Heats Factor Liquid Pressure Ratio Factor The FL factor to avoid Choked Flow The FL factor rated for individual trim styles - Table 3 Piping geometry factor, if the pipe size and valve size are equal, then FP=1, if not, refer to ISA S75.01 section 4.3 Reynolds Number Factor, Normally =1 but varies with very slow fluid velocities or very viscous fluids. Refer to ISA S75.01 section 4.4
0

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Specific gravity of a liquid relative to water at 60 0F (15.55 0C) Specific gravity of vapour realtive to air at 60 F and 14.7 PSIA (1atm) Ratio of specific Heats - see table 2 Cavitation index, see table 3 Molecular Weight, see table 2 Valve inlet pressure (psia) Valve outlet Pressure Fluid critical pressure (psia) - See Table2 Fluid Vapour pressure (psia) Volumetric Flow Rate Liquids - GPM; Vapour (SCFM)
0

R=0F+460 Secific Volume of vapour, either gas or steam = Ft3/Lb Fluid Temperature in Degreees Rankine Mass Flowrate = Lb./Hr. Pressure drop ratio Maximum pressure drop ratio - see table 3 Fluid expansion factor for vapour flow

Compressibillity Factor for vapour flow. Usually = 1. Refer to ISA Handbook of Control Valv

Specific Weight = Lb./Ft3 The ISA noise prediction formula for vapour flow loses accuracy at Mach numbers larger than 33

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CONTROL VALVE SIZING

Cv - is a dimensionless coeficient that relates to a valve's flow capacity. Cv =

Q Dp

where Q = flowrate

Dp

pressure drop across the valve

FL Liquid Pressure Recovery Coefficient, is a dimensionlesss constant used to calculate the pressure drop when the valve's liquid flow is choked. Rated FL varies with with the valve and trim style, it may vary from 0.99 for a special multiple stage trim to 0,30 for ball valve. Required FL : The required FL is the FL calculated for special condition. It indicates the required needed to avoid choked flow. If the rated FL is less than Required FL, the liquid flow will be choked with cavitation. Choked Flow : Liquid flow will become choked when the trim's vena contracta is filled with vapor from cavitation or flashing. Vapor flow also will become choked when the flow velocity at vena contracta reaches sonic. A choked flow rate is limited; a further decrease of the outlet pressure do not increase the flow. Choked Flow is is also called critical flow. Cavitation : Cavitation is a two stage phenomena with liquid flow. The first stage is the formation of vapor bubbles in the liquid as the fluid passes through the trim and the pressure is reduced below the fluid vapour pressure. The second stage is the collapse of the vapour bubbles as the fluid passes the vena contracta and the pressure recovers and increases above the vapor pressure. The collapasing bubbles are very destructive when they contact metal parts and the bubble colapse may produce hugh noise level. Flashing : Is similar to cavitation except the vapor bubbles do not colapse as the downstream pressure remains less then downstram pressure. The flow will remain a mixture of vapour and liquid.

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Date (Internal Rev): Date (Client Rev) :

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