A5. Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

A5
Nitin Goel
Thermophysical
Properties of
Refrigerants
Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd.
R-22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)
R-134a (1,1,12-Tetrafluoroethane)
R-404A [R-125/143a/134a (44/52/4)]
R-407C [R-32/125/134a (23/25/52)
R-410A [R-32/125 (50/50)]
Ammonia/Water
Water/Lithium bromide
The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987 and later amended in 1990, 1992, 1997, and 1999 controls the
production of ozone-depleting substances including refrigerants containing chlorine and/or bromine
production chloro-fluoro-carbons (CFC). Pursuent to this treaty, refrigerants such as R-11 and R-12,
ceased to exist in 1996 although continued use from existing stocks is permitted. In addition,
hydrofluorocarbon (HCFCs) (such as R-22 and R-123) are being phased out, with complete cessation
of production by January 1, 2030.
These refrigerants are being replaced by HFC refrigerants which have zero ozone depletion potential.
Common HFC refrigerants are R-32, R-125, 134a, and R-143a and their mixtures, such as, R-404A,
R-407C, and R-410A.
This appendix gives thermophysical properties of these HFC refrigerants and ammonia water and
waterlithium bromide mixtures which are used in absorption refrigeration systems. Properties of R-22
are given to serve as a reference (Figure A5.1 through Figure A5.8).
A5-1
q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
00
50
400
0
90
10
700
80
450
600
500
550
40
30
30
20
20
15
10
0
0.4
10
8.0
T = 20C
d Vapor
40
0.6
0.4
0.2
3.0
1.0
0.80
kJ
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.60
2.
20
2.
20
2.
0
2.1
2.0
0
0
1.9
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
70
0.70
60
0.02
4.0
1.5
/(k
0.04
1
0.8
6.0
2.0
Saturate
0.9
0.8
0.7
50
0.6
0.5
0.4
40
x=
0.3
Sa
0.06
0.2
tur
ate
0.1
0.08
0.1
d li
qu
id
30
K)
0.2
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
T = 180C
190
200
10
0.40
0.02
0.30
0.01
100
80
150
200
250
Properties computed with: NIST REFPROP

version 7.0
FIGURE A5.1
Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-22.
300
350
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
400
450
500
550
0.01
600
Based on formulation of Kamei et al. (1995)
Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Pressure, MPa
100
80
60
40
0.6
10
8
200
150
80
70
60
50
1
0.8
600
20
3
400
0 kg/m
n = 30
500
90
10
70
60
50
40
11
11
50
00
50
30
12
12
350
1350
10
1400
40
30
20
80
1500
70
T = 6.0C
1450
50
20
130
10
10
8
300
00
250
80
200
0
150
A5-2
100
20
50
400
00
90
450
0
80
700
500
600
550
90
600
20
m
0 kg/
400
=50
10
8
300
100
10
10
11
00
70
60
12
11
50
00
50
40
30
350
200
150
1350
90
80
10
1400
20
30
12
13
10
T=40C
60
50
1450
20
10
8
300
80
250
50
200
00
150
100
80
70
60
60
40
1
0.8
30
40
30
T=10C
20
3.0
0.1
0.08
Vap
o
0.9
rate
d
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
40
2.0
150
200
250
Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-134a.
)
kg
1.0
0.80
0K
J/(
300
350
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
0.06
400
450
500
0.02
2.4
2.3
0.60
0.04
550
0.40
0.01
600
Based on formulation of Tsiner-Roth and Beehr (1994)
A5-3
Properties computed with: NIST REFPROP

version 7.0
s=
60
0.01
100
2.2
0
2.1
2.0
0
1.9
0
1.8
0
1.7
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
50
FIGURE A5.2
0.2
4.0
1.5
Satu
0.04
0.4
x=
0.3
0.2
0.1
dl
iqu
id
30
Sa
tur
ate
0.06
0.02
6.0
0.1
0.08
0.4
10
8.0
0.2
0.6
15
10
0.4
1
0.8
20
20
180
0.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
T= 160C
160
Pressure, MPa
50
Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants
100
20
60
=
Volume
50
60
40
30
0.00095
20
0
0.004
0.0050
0.0060
m'/kg
0.0080
0.010
20.0
0.020
30
0.030
10.0
8.0
0.040
10
0.050
0.060
6.0
0.080
4.0
0.10
20
60
0.30
1.0
0.8
0.40
0.6
0.70
0.04
0.4
150
200
250
300
350
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-404A.
400
450
1.5
0.2
500
550
2.
50
2.
45
2.
40
2.3
2.0
2.3
2.1
5
En
tro
py
2.1
0
2.0
5
2.0
0
1.95
1.85
1.90
1.75
1.80
1.65
1.70
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
0.85
0.90
0.85
1.00
1.05
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.60
0.65
0.02
=2
.20
kj/
2.2
kg
5
.k
1.0
70
210
190
180
170
160
200
2.0
0.20
150
100
110
120
130
Temperature = 140C
50
80
90
0.9
rated
vapo
r
0.8
0.7
0.6
Satu
lity
qua
0.06
0.5
0.4
0.3
=
0.1
0.2
iqu
dl
Sa
tur
ate
40
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
id
0.15
30
0.1
600
Pressure (bar)
20
10
0.2
0.01
100
60.0
40.0
0.015
Temperature = 0C
0.1
0.08
FIGURE A5.3
600
100.0
80.0
0
23
0
24
30
0.00
550
40
10
20
30
40
020
0.0
500
50
10
0.00090
0.00080
0.00075
0.4
6
18
14 15
01 0.00
.0
00 .00
.
0
0
0
450
Pressure (MPa)
0.6
60
Temperature = 50C
70
1.0
0.8
0.00085
2.0
400
01
1
0.0
01
0. 2
00
13
350
0.0
0.0
010
5
01
DuPont Fluorochemicals
Suva 404A (R404A)
PressureEnthalpy Diagram
(SI Units)
4.0
300
22
250
0
200
0.0
6.0
150
A5-4
100
10.0
8.0
4.0
550
100.0
0.
50
80 m /k
0.010
= 0.00
30.0
0.030
30
30
10
20.0
0.020
0.050
10
0.4
0.060
8.0
0.080
6.0
0.10
4.0
3.0
0.3
id
0.15
0.20
vapo
r
250
300
350
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-407C.
400
500
130
180
0.4
0.3
1.5
550
2.
65
0.2
2.
60
2.0
2.5
110
5
2.4
Temperature = 120C
90
100
g.K
J\k
0
2.4
0.
tro
py
=
En
450
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.90
1.85
1.75
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.65
1.50
1.55
1.45
1.40
1.30
1.35
1.25
1.15
1.20
1.10
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
200
1.0
600
0.1
A5-5
150
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
2.3
0.02
FIGURE A5.4
80
70
60
5k
0.03
20
30
40
50
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
0.04
160
0.6
170
0.8
0.70
0.06
140
1.0
0.50
150
rated
0.40
2.
55
0.08
2.0
0.30
Satu
0.9
Qu
0.1
0.8
0.7
0.6
ality
0.5
=0
0.4
.3
0.2
0.1
Sa
tur
ate
dl
iqu
0.2
0.01
100
10.0
0.040
20
0.6
Pressure (MPa)
40.0
0.015
40
0.8
60.0
60
20
0.00080
0.00075
0.00070
1.0
80.0
20
00
0.
80
60
e
Volum
50
2.0
600
12
00
11
00
0.
0.0
500
70
40
3.0
01
5
009
009
407C (R407C)
PressureEnthalpy diagram
(SI units)
450
4
8
6
3 01
01 01
01 0.0
25
0.0 0.0
0.00
30
0
0.00
02
0
0.0
0.004
0.0050
c.p.
0.0060
o
0
0.
70
Suva
0.0
Dupont fluorochemicals
0.0
0.00
6.0
085
8.0
400
0
21
0
22
350
300
19
250
15
200
150
100
10.0
A5-6
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
6
60
Dupont fluorochemicals
0.008
0.010
50
Suva 410A (R410A)
0.015
40
PressureEnthalpy diagram
(SI units)
0.004.005
0
0.006
0.020
30
0.030
20
0.040
0.050
0.060
10
1
0.8
0.6
0.10
0.4
0.15
0.20
0.2
0.2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
lity =
Saturate
Sat
Qua
0.4
0.2
ura
0.06
0.1
ted
0.08
0.3
liqu
0.5
id
0.1
d vapor
0.30
0.40
g
0.50Y/k
Volume =
0.60
0.1
0.80
0.06
0.08
1.0
0.04
0.04
1.5
0.008
0.02
2.6
4.0
0.006
150
200
250
300
350
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-410A.
400
450
500
550
0.01
0.008
0.006
8.0
100
FIGURE A5.5
5.0
6.0
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
3.0
2.7
0.01
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.02
1.7
Entr
opy
= 1.
8 kJ
/kg.
K
1.9
0.03
600
Pressure (MPa)
0.4
0.6
Pressure (MPa)
0
10
20
30
40
50C
Temperature =
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Temperature = 0C
0.8
140
130
120
110
Temperature, C
100
90
80
75
70
50
40
60
30
50
20
40
0.5
0.6
10
48
9 00
5
6
5
00 300 800 300 6800 730 780 83 890 400 0
0
00
0
0
0.7
0.8
210
200
190
0.
85
0
0.
80
0
0.7
50
00
170
0
160
92
0.
0
70
40
150
600
0.9
00
16
140
60
0.9
1000
500
00
15
0.9
80
400
14
0.9
50
90
300
5
.99
8900
9400
7800
6800
8300
7300
5800
6300
4800
5300
0
1
0
40
100
97
13
200
50
100
99
0.9
900
800
700
600
500
1300
20
100
100
10
200
20
1275
200
10
400
300
225
1250
300
300
30
400
40
1225
400
50
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
110
100
90
0.8
80
0.9
40
3100
2800
2500
2200
2000
1800
1600
1450
1300
1150
1000
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
450
350
250
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
30
0.1
120
3400
130
4300
3800
0.9
10
0.0
1.0
90
0.
200
30
0.9
Saturation pressure, kPa

Enthalpy of saturated vapor, kJ/kg vapor
Vapor composition, kg NH1/kg vapor
Enthalpy of saturated liquid, kJ/kg liquid
180
0.7
0.4
00
150
00
0.3
18
160
43
0.60
170
180
20 22 25 28 31 34
00
18 00 00 00 00 00 00
00
16
1400
5
13 0
0
11 0
50
10
00
700
90
80 0
0
70
0
60
600
0
50
450
400
500
35 0
0
30
0
25
0
22
400
5
20
0
15
12 0
300
5
10
0
0.50
190
0.2
38
0.300
200
0.1
0.0
210
0
10
20
30
40
50
1.0
Ammonia in saturated liquid, kg (ammonia)/kg (liquid)
A5-7
FIGURE A5.6 Enthalpyconcentration diagram for ammonia/water solutions prepared by Kwang Kim and Keith Herold, Centre for Environmental Energy Engineering,
University of Maryland at Colleage Park.
A5-8
500
18
0
17
0
16
450
0
15
0
14
0
400
13
0
12
0
11
0
350
10
C
0
90
80
250
70
60
Enthalpy, kJ/kg solution
300
200
50
150
40
100
30
20
50
10
10
20
30
40
50
Lithium bromide concentration, mass%
60
70
Temperature range 15 < t < 165C

Equations
Concentration range 40 < x < 70% LiBr
h = 04 AnX7 + r04 BnX n + r204 CpX n in kJ/kg, where t = C and X = %LiBr
A0 = 2024.33
A1 = 163.309
A2 = 4.88161
A3 = 6.302948 E-2
A4 = 2.913705 E-4
FIGURE A5.7
B0 = 18.2829
B1 = 1.1691757
B2 = 3.248041E-2
B3 = 4.034184 E-4
B4 = 1.8520569 E-6
C0 = 3.7008214 E-2
C1 = 2.8877666 E-3
C2 = 8.1313015 E-5
C3 = 9.9116628 E-7
C4 = 4.4441207 E-9
Enthalpyconcentration diagram for water/lithium bromide solutions.
-2E
D+|D24E(Clog P)|0.5
100
C = 7.05
D = 1596.49
D = 104 095.5
90
50
%
80
40
%
70
50
30
20
60
60
ef
rig
er
an
tt
em
pe
ra
t
40
ur
e,
Range: 15 < t ' < 110C

5 < t < 175C
45 < X < 70% LiBr
100
50
70
10
Saturation pressure (P), kPa
B0 = 124.937
B1 = 7 710.49
B2 = 0.152 286
B3 = 7.950 90 E-04
30
A0 = 2.007 55
A1 = 0.169 76
A2 = 3.133 362 E-03
A3 = 1.976 68 E-05
150
110
4. =
200
120
Equations
3
3
1. t = S0B0X"+t'S0A0X" Solution temperature, C
3
3
2. t = (t S0B0X" )/S0A0X" Refrigerant temperature,
3. log P = C+DIT' + E/T 2 P = kPa
T = K
40
5
4
30
3
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Solution temperature,C
120
130
Equilibrium chart for aqueous lithium bromide solutions reprinted by permission of Carrier Corp.
140
150
160
170
180
A5-9
FIGURE A5.8

A5. Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

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A5. Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

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A5

Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd.

Properties computed with: NIST REFPROP

Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-22.

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Based on formulation of Kamei et al. (1995)

Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-134a.

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Based on formulation of Tsiner-Roth and Beehr (1994)

Properties computed with: NIST REFPROP

Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-404A.

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-407C.

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

Suva 410A (R410A)

Pressureenthalpy diagram for refrigerant R-410A.

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Saturation pressure, kPa

Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

Ammonia in saturated liquid, kg (ammonia)/kg (liquid)

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Enthalpy, kJ/kg solution

Temperature range 15 < t < 165C

Enthalpyconcentration diagram for water/lithium bromide solutions.

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Range: 15 < t ' < 110C

Saturation pressure (P), kPa

Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

q 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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