General Evolution in the Lives of Everyday People (1600-1900) (McKay Ch.

20, 22, 24)

Pre-Industrial Agrarian Europe 1600s early 1700s Family Life - people marry older - live with nuclear (immediate) family - several children in a family (~6 per household) - ineffective birth control Marriage - community controls: love marriage = difficult - couples could not marry until they could support themselves economically - premarital sex was commonplace, though illegitimacy uncommon (pregnant brides) Women - husbands were supposed to be the providers, while women ran households; had domestic jobs - witch-hunts take place until about 1750 Children & Education - high rates of infant mortality; little emotional attachment to children - schools and formal education played only a modest role in the lives of ordinary children - infanticide evolving as a crime Cottage Industry (not many changes) 1700s Family Life - marry younger; live with immediate families - several children in a family because children were economic assets for cottages - ineffective birth control, very primitive Marriage - becoming more romantic - illegitimacy explosion - promises of marriage leads to sex, then there is hesitation to get married more illegitimacy Women - increased role in the family cottage business - received domestic jobs as servants Children & Education - still high rates of infant mortality - little emotional attachment to children - infanticide looked down upon - opening foundling homes - various legislations prohibiting infanticide - education is becoming more universalized (PRUSSIA LEADS THE WAY) Food, Diet & Leisure - bourgeoisie = meat, sweets, cheeses, wine - peasants = bread, vegetables, no milk, no meat - some people are slowly becoming reliant on potato as bread substitute for peasants - soaring population due to Agricultural Rev. - bullbaiting/cockfighting Health & Medicine - peasants had Vitamin C deficiency often - faith healers, apothecaries - purging, bloodletting still common - surgeons are beginning to study anatomy - Jenner - smallpox inoculation Religion - Protestant Revival Pietism / Catholic piety - Church of England used by the government to provide favorites with jobs John Wesley develops the Methodist church Industrial Revolution late 1700s to late 1800s Family Life - few children in a family because families could spend more time on children / improve their economic and social status / children were no longer an economic asset - kinship ties; relatives help one another Marriage - married couples develop stronger emotional ties - sentiment, sexual attraction, affection, eroticism - abandonment of illegitimate babies decreased Women - separate spheres; men had better paying jobs - generally only poor women worked - increased role for women in household - caring for family and working had little appeal - feminist strides begin in late 19th century and WWI allows for active women roles in society Children & Education - infant morality rates decrease - people care for their children - upper classes families almost care too much about their children; very strict Food, Diet & Leisure - drinking becomes less and less socially acceptable amongst upper classes - social drinking of couples in taverns / cafs - spectator sports racing / soccer Health & Medicine - miasmatic theory decay/odor inhaled causes disease - Pasteur: Germ theory; Lister: antiseptic principle - Chadwick improves public health in cities laws passed to increase sanitation and sewage Religion - decreased organized religion because Church was conservative (didnt keep up with workers interests and industrialization)

Food, Diet & Leisure - bourgeoisie = meat, sweets, cheeses, wine - peasants = bread, vegetables, no milk, no meat - bullbaiting/cockfighting

Health & Medicine - peasants had Vitamin C deficiency often - faith healers were common; believed evil spirits cause disease - apothecaries - purging, bloodletting Religion - Protestantism develops from reformation - Priests are bookkeepers of agrarian life