B3-101

STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMIZING THE USE OF SUBSTATION ASSETS

G. BALZER * Darmstadt University of Technology (Germany) T. HARTKOPF EnBW AG (Germany)

W. DEGEN K. LASKOWSKI Siemens AG (Germany)

M. HALFMANN ABB Utilities GmbH (Germany)

C. NEUMANN RWE Transportnetz Strom GmbH (Germany)

SUMMARY Electric utilities are placing increasing emphasis on cost-effectively extending the life of existing substations while maintaining adequate levels of reliability and availability. Power quality and re-liability requires appropriate switchgear performance. However the long-term switchgear integrity compromised nowadays with continual budget costs in investment spending and operations as well as maintenance. Utilities are not willing to invest in switchgear improvements unless they are deemed critical or there is an immediate return of revenues or at least in the near future. Deregulation processes are even supporting these attitudes of asset management. The reliability calculations point out the weak points or equipment of the system, so that maintenance measures should be efficient under the consideration of the restricted financial resources of the utilities. An overall procedure for a maintenance strategy is presented in this paper: a life cycle cost based approach to optimize the service strategy of the substation and a succeeding renovation strategy based on Fuzzylogic. Life cycle cost calculations assist in finding the optimal technology, configuration or operating strategy. Applying life cycle cost calculation on different service strategies helps to decrease the maintenance costs considering all relevant parameters of the regarded substation. The life cycle cost based analysis of maintenance strategies leads to the following results: The more reliable the equipment the more suitable is the reduction of maintenance. The less reliable the equipment or the higher potential consequences of an outage are, the more suitable is the investment cost in monitoring devices for condition based maintenance.

However conclusions on the impact of modifications of maintenance strategies on life cycle costs can only derived when calculations with the consideration of an individual set of parameters are applied. After the life cycle cost investigation the maintenance strategy for a complete substation has to be provided. The principle of the system approach to apply the RCM strategy leads to the result, which asset should be maintained or replaced. Based on the importance of the stations within the network, it is then possible to define the order in which capital needs to be invested in this installation. If the RCM assessment of a substation leads to the conclusion, that a renovation of a substation should be advisable, the question is, if the entire substation should be replaced or single items. The usage of Artificial Intelligence (Fuzzy-Logic) gives an answer for the decision making process.

* Landgraf-Georg-Str. 4, D 64283 Darmstadt; gerd.balzer@eev.tu-darmstadt.de

B3-102

THE ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE REGARDING THE RISK OF MANAGEMENT IN THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LARGE POWER TRANSFORMERS IN HV SUBSTATIONS C. Moldoveanu* NOVA INDUSTRIAL S.A. (Romania) C. Radu** SMART S.A.

Summary: The high ageing of the electrical equipment from the substations may induce failures and defect situations that cannot be detected by current investigations and even by special investigations. From our experience it results that some severe faults / incidents from large power transformers from HV substations, happen short time after the last current prophylactic investigation, that registered adequate results and based on which were taken operation decisions with a high risk regarding the stations availability . In Romania too, the maintenance of the high power transformers in service is an important component of the power system availability and of the utility costs. In order to reduce these costs and to minimize the risk of a incorrect exploitation decisions there have been taken specific measures like: - planning the strategy for evolving from the preventive maintenance to the predictive maintenance based on reliability; - using complex on-line monitoring equipments for the transformer as well as for the main accessories; - using diagnosis and specific off-line monitoring technologies to evaluate the real state of the transformers in operation; - the analysis and the interpretation of the results of the investigation by one or more experts from that field and using expert systems; - the realization of a database using TRANSPOWER - a Romanian set of programs that contains all the necessary information for the diagnosis of the state and the estimation of the already consumed life duration. The risk management for decisions regarding the real working capacity of the high power transformers in service implies a very good correlation between their construction and working particularities, their life duration, working conditions, momentary state evaluation conditions, their monitoring and maintenance policy. This work presents some real examples met while diagnosing some of the large power transformers from the Romanian power system, from which some great decisional risks may rise regarding the real state assessment of this type of electrical equipment in operation, with important consequences regarding the costs for maintenance and even the power system security.

B3-103

USING STEAM TO DE-ICE ENERGIZED SUBSTATION DISCONNECTORS R. LANOIE, D. BOUCHARD, M. LESSARD INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE DHYDRO-QUBEC Y. TURCOTTE, M. ROY HYDRO-QUBEC TRANSNERGIE Canada
ABSTRACT

The recent extreme ice storms in province of Quebec (Canada), in particular that of 1998, revealed an important problem with the switching performance of disconnectors, which is not easily ensured when there is an accumulation of ice of 20 mm and more. A de-icing technique that uses steam was developed to de-ice energized substation disconnectors. The first tests conducted in an environmental chamber at -12C revealed the capacity of steam to quickly de-ice deenergized equipment. Laboratory tests were used to characterize the electrical properties of steam and of isolated steam tubes. A laboratory de-icing prototype using steam was developed. De-icing tests were performed in an environmental chamber with this prototype on a 145-kV disconnector jaw supplied with an AC phase-toneutral voltage of 100 kV covered with a thickness of ice up to 50 mm . It took a few minutes to de-ice the disconnector jaw. No leakage current flowed toward the de-icer. The post insulator insulation was not affected. The steam-based de-icing technique can also be used to clean energized equipment. During the 2003 winter coldest period, a substantial accumulation of pollutants was noted on some 25-kV insulators at 145 kV substation. The steam-based de-icing technique was used to clean the energized insulators. The ambient temperature was -20C with 40 km/h winds. The insulators were successfully cleaned despite these conditions in a reasonable period of time while ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel and the integrity of the equipment. An industrial de-icing prototype was manufactured in 2003. Dielectric tests were conducted so that the prototype could be qualified for applications up to 330 kV. The prototype successfully completed the tests. The new de-icing/cleaning method is efficient, safe and simple to use. An industrial version of the de-icer is at the design and development stage that will allow energized switchgear or other equipment up to 330 kV to be de-iced and cleaned. The device will have its own energy supply and will be installed on a utility truck to make it mobile.
Keywords: Steam-based de-icing Substation Insulation Cleaning Ice

E-mail: lanoie.robert@ireq.ca

B3-104

IMPROVEMENT IN THE SUBSTATION ASSETS EXPLOITATION BY AN INNOVATIVE SYSTEM RELATING EVENTS FROM SCADA AND LLS IN A GIS DOMAIN, TAKING ADVANTAGE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES

E. COLOMBO(*), C. LUSSO CESI

E. DI BARTOLOMEO, F. STEVANATO TERNA ITALY

Keywords:

High Voltage Coordination of insulation Overvoltage Lightning Location System

Power quality and market competition demands a more optimised employment of substation assets. The continuous care for costs reduction drives maintenance operations to be consistently triggered by the actual substation technical conditions. Information on the actual stresses that the substation experiences during its life becomes therefore of concern to the Asset owner in order to assess the substation degree of vulnerability and define the appropriate strategies to reduce it. Among the possible stresses, overvoltages and overcurrents are the more liable to affect the life of the substation installations; the assessment of the amplitudes and origin of each single overstress is therefore a valuable information when trying to quantify the service story of each substation bay. To this purpose a project has being carried out by CESI on behalf of TERNA aimed at asset optimisation. The investigation came out with the design of a system which allows the on-line detection of the substation overvoltages and of the short-circuit currents. This information is made possible by a new exploitation of the surge arresters normally installed at the power transformer terminals. In addition cross-correlation are done between SCADA data concerning substation outages and the network events liable to trigger those SCADA recordings. On this respect, attention is drawn on the possible short-circuit line-faults caused by lightning strokes on the overhead-lines connected to that substation. The correlation is made by a combined use of the Lightning Location System in use in Italy (SIRF), which provides the amplitude and the co-ordinates at ground of the lightning strokes acknowledged as synchronous with the SCADA events, and a Geographical Information System (GIS), which provides the overhead-line spatial co-ordinates.

Lightning events showing geographical co-ordinates within the intercepting area of the specific line involved by the SCADA report are given a probability of causing the fault. Depending on the lightning amplitude, the fault location on the line drives to the evaluation of the corresponding short-circuit current stress on the substation line and transformer bays. This overvoltage and short-circuit current assessment is expected to respectively benefit the insulation co-ordination of the substation, in terms of the needed return of service, and the assessment of the servicestory of the substation bays (as for the electrodynamic stresses), which can better help to judge the actual operating conditions. More mitigation procedures can follow in terms of line grounding at the tower sites or surge arresters installation along the line section considered critical. The overvoltage evaluation may also help in understanding the origin of possible failures, if internal to the electrical system or external. The paper describes the system developed and now in use and discusses the first returns of experience from its application in service.

(*)

e-mail: ecolombo@cesi.it

B3-105

RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT IN FINGRID OYJ PASI YLI-SALOMKI* TIMO KIIVERI Fingrid Oyj (Finland)

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) was used in Fingrid to evaluate the maintenance policy of circuit-breakers, disconnectors and power transformers. Other goals were to estimate the usability of the fault data collected during 10 years and to develop the fault statistics to serve better the maintenance development. The analysis was made applying the equipment-oriented approach. In the RCM analysis history data played an important role. In RCM maintenance tasks for each failure mode can be defined without history data. However, in determining an interval of a particular maintenance task history data supports remarkably. According to evaluations from the fault data 2/3 of circuit-breaker faults were such that their detection with preventive maintenance is difficult. In case of disconnectors the nature of major faults is quite different which makes their detection easier. As a result of the analysis the service intervals were usually extended. At the task level in many cases the task intervals were increased and the number of tasks were reduced. However, in some cases the new tasks were added and the individual task interval decreased. The preventive maintenance cost reduction was estimated to be about 20 %. The reliability is considered to remain at the same level as earlier. This evaluation is based on the fault data. The detectable faults are often detected in visual inspections. The number of visual inspections was not reduced, but their contents were defined more accurately. In addition, some shorter maintenance task intervals and new tasks will hopefully help to detect faults earlier. The new service intervals and specifications were adopted at the beginning of the year 2003. A new method taken as a part of the regular maintenance policy is the service for a live 110 kV horizontal disconnector. The RCM is suitable for determining and reviewing the maintenance policy of substation equipment. It is easy to apply and gives a good picture of the overall maintenance needs. As a result of the RCM procedure the maintenance requirements will be well documented. Fault analysis has already been used as part of the normal maintenance development for a long time. However, RCM brings a systematic and more analytical approach. The fault and cost data will be used to follow up the effects of the new maintenance policy.

B3-106

OUTSOURCING OF MAINTENANCE A REVIEW OF WORLD EXPERIENCE On behalf of SC B3, JWG B3/C2-14 Authors: Alan Wilson (US), Klaus Doernemann (GE), Eugenio Olid G. (ES), Jorge Lica (PT), Philippe Renaud (FR), Iain Kinnis (UK), Joe Corbett (IE)
ABSTRACT The post Keynesian liberalization of global markets in the 1980s and 90s led not only to the greater privatisation of whole electric power companies, it led to re-focusing, or at least identification what was the core business for a utility. At one level this produced the separation of generation and transmission into independent companies. This was to allow the customers for transmission to drive efficiency and cost reduction from open access to multiple generator companies through an independent grid system. At another level efficiencies have been sought by exposing internal processes to pressures from a competitive market. This has altered, or at least started to alter, the nature of a utility from being a service provider into an asset manager or asset owner. Such a company would then concentrate on seeking to maximize its financial return on the value invested in grid assets. In process terms this has led to varying amounts of outsourcing of those activities each company decides to be non-core business. It is still far from clear how extensive the whole process, and particularly outsourcing, has become. To determine some measure a questionnaire was created in Spring 2002 and circulated within CIGRE study committees 23 and 39. The questionnaire sought to determine what type of maintenance tasks were being outsourced, how extensive was outsourcing, how competitive was the market, and how successful the process has been over past years. The presented paper will discuss the results of the questionnaire and basically cover the first chapter of the expected brochure which reviews the world experience on outsourcing and proposes a standard format of requirements for outsourcing contracts.

B3-107

Short-Circuit Mechanical Effects on Outdoor HV Substations with Wide Bundling

Volker PITZ*, Hans-Joachim KSTER, Norbert STEIN FGH Forschungsgemeinschaft fr Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft e.V. Germany Dieter Werner RDER Siemens AG, Germany Dimitris TSANAKAS University of Patras, Greece Wolfgang MEYER University of Erlangen-Nrnberg, Germany Jean-Louis LILIEN University of Liege, Belgium (International)
The calculation methods of IEC standard 60865-1 for the assessment of the short-circuit strength rely on the basis of and on their validation by full scale experimental studies. A comprehensive series of systematic experimental studies on the short-circuit effects and constraints produced by strained stranded duplex conductors of open-air substations in a series of practical bundle sub-conductor arrangements has recently been performed by FGH. The results are presented in this paper. The tests were performed on two set-ups, called "100-kV-arrangement" and "400-kV-arrangement", which differed in the height of the crossarm, the phase-to-phase distance and the static tensile force. Additional parameters which were varied in the course of the experiments included the height and duration of the short-circuit current, type and number of the spacers used and the bundle spacing. Various forces in the flexible busbar and the portals were recorded during the tests and the stiffness as well as the eigenfrequency of the portals were determined. The test results were evaluated with respect to the maxima of the pinch force Fpi, the short-circuit tensile force Ft and the drop force Ff. Conductors and support structures, in reality, form a highly complex and interdependent mechanical system that is only considered in terms of components for the simplified practical strength assessment. The maximum of the mechanical constraints in the structure and on its foundations can be expressed in terms of a static force applied at the fixing points of the conductors and that produces the same maximum value of material stress as the one observed in the course of the dynamic phenomenon. This static force has been given the name "Equivalent Static Load" ESL. This is a practical value that can serve as a design load for the civil engineering. The present rules in IEC take the maximum value out of the calculated Fpi, Ft, Ff as the static load for design of the structure and the foundations. The test results show that for close bundling the evaluation of the ESL factor is possible for the swing-out force Ft. For the evaluation of the drop force Ff the still effective mechanisms of the swing-out-force due to the eigenfrequency of the portal must be considered. For wide bundling, however, the evaluation of the ESL factors is possible only for the pinch force Fpi by sub-conductor contraction, because the phase-conductor swing-out does not yet play an important role at the time the maximum force at the portal foundation is measured. All further maxima recorded on the portal foundation are generated by a mix of sub-conductor pinch force, swing-out force and drop force and can therefore not be used to evaluate ESL factors. The results of this project shall enable IEC standardization committees and CIGRE working groups to carry on with their intended studies and establish a comprehensive method of calculating the mechanical effects in substations with wide bundling. Further investigations with advanced methods are necessary before transformation of existing knowledge of ESL to IEC standard is possible.

B3-108

Dynamic Thermal Rating of Substation Terminal Equipment by Rambabu Adapa, EPRI, USA Dale A. Douglass, Power Delivery Consultants, Inc., USA Open transmission access and economic uncertainties are the reasons why many utilities around the world are operating their transmission equipment at much higher loads than in the past. While considerable attention has been paid to the dynamic thermal rating of overhead lines, power transformers, and underground cables, substation terminal equipment has generally been ignored. This seems to have occurred because of the assumption of relatively low replacement cost for switches, buswork, etc.. In a recent Electra article entitled Dynamic Loading of Transmission Equipment An Overview, representatives of Study Committee 23 concluded, there is scope for implementing dynamic loading principles for a wide range of transmission assets. The need for dynamic modeling of substation terminal equipment is illustrated in Figure 1. It shows that the thermal rating of over 50% of the transmission circuits in the state of New York state are thermally limited by substation equipment.
% of Transmission Circuits Limited by Power Equipment Type
CONDUCTOR

AIR DISC

CKT BKR

PWR TRANSF

CT

LINE TRAP

SUBSTA

BUS

OTHER
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

% of Transmission Circuits

Figure 1 - Thermally Limiting Transmission Circuit Equipment This paper investigates the practicality of dynamically rating and monitoring less capital-intensive substation equipment such as switches, bus, line traps, breakers, and power transformer auxiliary equipment. Because the equipment being dynamically rated is generally less expensive to replace, some of the dynamic rating methods involving relatively expensive monitoring equipment, that have been applied to lines, cables, and transformers are difficult or even impossible to justify economically for substation equipment. Also, because of the large number of switches, circuit breakers, etc., in any power system, and the variety of designs, thermal models and weather monitoring must be kept simple. Terminal substation equipment (air disconnects, circuit breakers, bus, bushings, current transformers, and wave traps) are functionally and physically simpler than power transformers, none have associated forced cooling equipment, all have much simpler and generally more obvious failure modes, and all are considerably less expensive to replace. Finally, while even a large substation may have only a few power transformers, it usually has many switches, bus segments, connectors, etc. In those situations where terminal substation equipment limits the increase in power flow that could otherwise be obtained by dynamically rating a power transformer, line or cable, the dynamic rating of the terminal equipment is a sensible option. This is particularly true in those cases where the economic losses associated with the circuit outage needed for the replacement are high.

EPRI, 3412 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA, Email: radapa@epri.com

Because of the relative modest costs of replacement, the successful dynamic thermal rating of substation equipment requires relatively simple thermal models that can be used with low cost monitoring and communication links. Furthermore, high maintenance cost and any increase in present failure rates must be avoided. Because of the variety of substation designs and types and the frequent lack of laboratory heat run data (particularly regarding transient thermal behavior), field tests of substation equipment may be required. A relatively simple method involving the use of infrared imaging devices is suggested and is presently being evaluated. The dynamic rating of substation equipment can often be justified both economically and technically, particularly in those situations where the equipment would otherwise limit the increase in dynamic rating that can be obtained with overhead lines, power transformers, or underground cables.

B3-109

A STRAIGHTFORWARD METHOD TO THE RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF BULK POWER SYSTEM SUBSTATION SCHEMES
Joo Ricardo P. Barros* Vilma S. Andrade CHESF - So Francisco Hydro Electric Company

Albert C.G. Melo CEPEL Electric Power Research Center

Brazil

This paper describes a new analytical method for the reliability analysis of bulk power system substation schemes, based on the failure mode and effect analysis. This method eliminates the need of constructing reliability logical diagrams, usually required by computer programs based on the conventional cut set approach. Several analytical formulas for calculating load point frequency of failure (failure/year), average outage duration (hour) and unavailability (hour/year) are derived for a wide range of typical substation arrangements, such as One-and-a-Half Circuit-Breaker, Modified One-and-a Half CircuitBreaker, Double Bus with 4, 5 and 6 disconnecting switches, Main and Transfer Bus and Single Bus. The technique of failure mode and effect analysis is used to analytically calculate the contributions of four failure modes to the reliability indices at the loads point. The four failure modes considered are: passive, temporary failure isolating the damaged equipment, temporary failure switching the normally opened elements, and stuck breaker failure. Tto apply the proposed method it is only necessary to provide the following parameters: type of substation arrangement, the number of the feeding sources and load points and component statistical failure data. The performance and accuracy of the proposed method is illustrated in case studies with typical substation arrangements in use by several Brazilian utilities. The load point reliability indices are calculated in two ways: (i) by the straightforward application of the set of formulas proposed in this paper and (ii) by simulating the performance of the substation through a computer program based on the conventional cut set approach, i.e., by using an iterative procedure to construct the minimum path between the feeding sources and the load points (predecessors technique). The results obtained with the proposed formulas are very accurate and identical to those results calculated by using the conventional cut-set technique. They are general expressions and can be extended to the reliability evaluation of other substation schemes or can be applied in variations from the standard layouts. Also, due to the simplicity of the method is very easy to perform sensitivity studies, including the failure parameters as well as to study the impact of new maintenance strategies. The formulas allow straightforward substation reliability evaluation and cost/benefits analysis. Therefore they are very helpful to engineers involved in substation design, maintenance as well as network planning. Keywords: Reliability Evaluation; Substation Layouts; Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

B3-110

REFURBISHMENT OF SECONDARY SYSTEMS IN HIGH VOLTAGE SUBSTATIONS LESSONS LEARNED IN VENEZUELA by E. PADILLA* L. CEDEO E. PELAYO A. DICTAMEN F. ANTOIMA

C.V.G. EDELCA (Venezuela)

The expected life time of secondary systems based on analogue technique is around 35 years. However, some circumstances such as extensions to the high voltage switchgear and reconfiguration of the substation lay-out, offer the opportunity to actualize the secondary system, in order to improve the capability and functionality of the whole substation using up to date technology. This paper deals with the refurbishment of secondary equipment at an existing 765 kV substation located in western Venezuela, where the wall mimic was replaced by a computer based HMI (Human Machine Interface) connected through optical fibre to RTIU (Remote Terminal Intelligent Units) located in relay rooms. In this particular case, some of the equipment, including the Event Recorders and the existing Remote Terminal had problems of obsolescence (e.g. Y2K compliance) and there were also difficulties in obtaining spare parts. Introducing the new RTIU and HMI connected through optical fibre cable solved these problems in a practical way, but a lot of preparatory work was necessary in order to reduce the problems during the actual refurbishment. As well as the new technologies incorporated into both the control system and the communication equipment, the paper discusses various critical technical, human and contractual factors which arose during the execution of the project, which should be clarified at an early stage of any future project of a similar nature in order to ensure maximum effectiveness both economically and in terms of project duration. Technical factors, such as lack of components on the market to expand some of the installed equipment, job execution at site, extended engineering time and coordination work to integrate elements coming from different providers, limitations in the modification of existing boards taking into account the permissible outage time, and unexpected details of existing internal wiring that influenced the scope of supply. During the engineering stage there were additional factors related to new requirements, especially in the communication services where network components such as routers and switches were necessary to achieve the new requirements; the quantity and quality of signals to be shared between the conventional existing wiring and the new supervisory and control system that had to be defined, and problems arose due to the as built drawings not reflecting the actual situation in the substation. Human factors, such as differences in concepts between maintenance and engineering personnel regarding the elimination of the wall mimic and its replacement by the PC based HMI; the definition of the sequence of the stages required when energizing the substation with the new supervisory and control system; difference of criteria between the utilities interconnected in the substation (C.V.G. EDELCA, CADAFE and ENELBAR).
*

C.V.G. EDELCA, Av. La Estancia, Edf. General, Piso 3, Chuao-Caracas, Venezuela; E-mail: epadilla@edelca.com.ve

Contractual factors such as the convenience or not of desegregating the contract for the new supervisory and control system from the contract for the extensions to the remainder of the substation, and the timing between the signing of the different contracts. Actually, in the existing C.V.G. EDELCA network it is possible to improve the secondary system for substations for 765 kV, 400 kV and 230 kV, as much as twenty or thirty years old, by taking advantage of new technology based on computers and replacing existing wiring and obsolete equipment. Apart from describing each of the critical factors found during the execution of the project, the paper suggests the way to reduce the possibility of them to become obstacles in the development of new refurbishing projects on the secondary systems in other substations.

B3-201

IMPROVING THE VISUAL IMPACT OF EXISTING SUBSTATIONS ON ENVIRONMENT by Jackie Bender (Canada) Anne-Marie Sahazizian (Canada) Koji Kawakita* (Japan) Slavomir Samek (Poland) < On behalf of CIGRE WG B3.03 > Akira Okada (Japan) Ulrich Schwing (Germany)

Summary Environmental consciousness has increased manifold in todays society. Meeting the environmental requirements in the renovation and sustainment of existing substations is an increasing challenge for the utility industry. Successful resolution of potential community acceptance issues and compliance with environmental regulations may become major milestones in the process of renovating existing substations. Utilities in their increasing effort to satisfy their customers and to gain community acceptance for their facilities have employed various environmental management systems and impact evaluation studies to address these important issues and to assess the impact of substations on the environment. On the other hand, many of existing substations were built tens of years ago and may not have had the benefit of an environmental impact evaluation during their initial installation. Furthermore, many existing substations were originally located outside of populated areas to limit their visual impact, and over time have become surrounded by densely populated residential and commercial areas as a result of population growth and urban sprawl. This paper will provide a variety of options to improve the visual impact of existing substations. These options address the visual impact of the main elements of the substation including major equipment, structures, buildings, perimeter fences, and gravel surfaces, as well as that of the land surrounding the substation. The ultimate aim is to improve the visual impact of the existing substation by blending it in with its surrounding environment. Included are case studies of various techniques that have been used around the world to reduce the impact of existing substations on the environment. This paper also attempts to raise awareness of the environmental issues of existing substations. Most efforts to date have focused on the environmental impact of new substations. However, existing substations have had and may continue to have a significant impact on the environment, if not adequately addressed. Furthermore, the impact of existing substations on the environment may be growing due to changes in the surrounding land use, operation of aging equipment, changes in environmental laws and regulations, and changes in the community perception of substations. Keywords Existing substation Sustainment Improving Visual impact Environment

* Kawakita.Kouji@chuden.co.jp

B3-202

COMPUTATION AND MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE GENERATED DURING SWITCHING EVENTS IN A GIS M. MOHANA RAO* M. JOY THOMAS BHEL R&D Indian Institute of Science (India) (India) B.P. SINGH BHEL R&D (India) P. RAJAGOPALAN BHEL R&D (India)

Summary: In a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS), Very Fast Transient Overvoltages (VFTOs) are generated due to switching operations of a Circuit Breaker (CB) or a Disconnector Switch (DS). These transient overvoltages and the associated Very Fast Transient Currents (VFTC) could have rise times as low as 3-20 ns. The peak magnitude of the transient current could be a few kA depending on the location of the switching device under consideration. Principally, gas insulated systems are based on the concept of complete encapsulation of all the HV energised parts in a grounded enclosure and compressed SF6 gas is used as the insulating medium between the two. Hence the GIS behaves as a coaxial waveguide. The transient voltages and currents radiate transient Electromagnetic (EM) fields during their propagation along the gas insulated bus as the associated frequencies are in the range of a few MHz to about 300 MHz. The transient fields due to these transient voltages/currents may leak into the external environment through discontinuities like non-metallic flanges, gas-to-air bushing, gas-to-cable termination, non-metallic viewing ports etc. Malfunctioning of primary/secondary equipment have been reported by many authors during switching operations in substations due to induced voltages on the control circuits. Hence, characterisation and quantification of radiated transient EMI in a GIS during the switching events is essential for the selection of appropriate Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) design of the sensitive control devices used in the substation. In this paper, the radiated transient electromagnetic field emissions from the gas insulated bus section through the support insulator and from the gas-to-air bushing through the composite insulator housing have been quantified for Very Fast Transient Currents (VFTC) generated during switching events in a 245 kV GIS. For the computation of EM fields, a numerical model is developed using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. In the present study, basic YEE algorithm of FDTD technique is modified for modeling the slots like non-metallic flanges in a GIS. The radial E-field, axial E-field and azimuthal H-fields have been calculated. The variation of EM field pattern along the axis of the bus section / bushing at various radial distances are computed and the influence of parameters like; frequency of the transient current and conductivity of the ground plane on emission levels is analysed. The enhancement of radiated EM field levels due to the presence of a metallic structure on the ground plane, which simulates the control cubicle in a GIS, has been analysed. The transient EM field emission levels from the gas-to-air bushing for the VFTC waveform have been computed and the dominant frequency components are studied. Radiated transient E-field emission measurements have been carried out on a 245 kV rated GIS model using a resonant dipole antenna. The transient E-field signal is captured both in time and frequency scale using a high bandwidth CRO and a spectrum analyser respectively. Finally, the frequency content of computed radiated fields is compared with measured E-field waveforms obtained from a 245 kV rated GIS model.
________________________________________________________

* mmrao@bhelrnd.co.in

B3-203

A Compact, High Capacity 330kV Substation for the Sydney Central Business District
By C. FITZGERALD*, S. JONES, D. PATON TransGrid (Australia) M. WAYMARK, D. KUNZE Siemens (Australia) T. SAIDA, K. TODA TM T&D (Japan)

Sydney has a population of over 4 million people with approximately 1 million living in the inner suburbs and Central Business District (CBD). The strong population growth and changing demographics of the city of Sydney has lead to a growth in demand for electricity. A major infrastructure project is being constructed to meet this demand. A critical component of this project is the new Haymarket Substation located close to the CBD. Bringing a high capacity connection at transmission voltage close to the CBD distribution network and its load has presented challenges in the design of the substation and its component parts so as to address the issues of environmental impacts and public safety in the inner city environs. The main substation features of the Haymarket Substation are: Predominantly underground substation of a high energy density design Single level, below ground, EHV plant floor with 28 bays of 330kV and 132kV GIS Gas insulated transformers (GIT) and gas insulated reactor (GIR) Dry Cooling System for the GITs and GIR Unique integrated substation SF6 containment system Highly monitored substation plant and substation auxiliaries The gas-insulated transformers to be installed at the Haymarket Substation have a rated voltage of 330kV and rated capacity of 400MVA. This will make these units the highest voltage and the largest capacity gas insulated transformers so far installed in the world. Haymarket substation thus has large gas volumes in the transformers and reactors and venting to atmosphere following a large gas leak (no matter how extremely unlikely such a leak would be) is regarded as not acceptable. The substation building has an integrated system to contain the SF6 gas following such a leak to ensure a high level of environmental performance as well as occupational safety in the Haymarket Substation. The Haymarket control system integrates a range of systems critical to the operation of the substation. These systems include: GIS monitoring and control Protective relays, metering and substation control Tunnel monitoring SF6 management Cable monitoring Building management This paper describes the particular innovative building design solutions and extensive systems monitoring adopted for the Haymarket Substation to address these challenges and how these innovations have been effectively coupled with proven high voltage plant designs.

14

B3-204

Mixed Technology HV Switchgear and Substations: Optimised Service Strategies

Angel Alcocer, Francisco Salamanca, Ricardo Salazar: Red Electrica de Espaa, S.A. Karsten Laskowski, Stephan Phler*, Torsten Westrm: Siemens AG, Germany Juan Miguel Prez de Andrs, Siemens S. A., Spain

Summary Modern Mixed Technology Switchgear (MTS) require adequate substation concepts for profiting from their extended possibilities. The application of common AIS based concepts leads to substations which are equipped with too much devices. The NSR concepts based on fully encapsulated GIS modules as presented in this article allow decreasing the required devices without reducing the availability. A smaller amount of devices result in lower investment cost and in consequence in lower operating and failure cost. Additionally NSR provides improved maintainability by reducing the maximum outage time to only 6hrs. Extensions of existing NSR based substations are easy to realize. These concepts require reliable and flexible GIS module devices. The HIS from Siemens as fully encapsulated switchgear is a representative for GIS modules. The compact high-voltage switchgear HIS enhance the availability and reliability in operation by benefiting from the decisive characteristics of GIS technology. Their characteristics including their flexible modular structure and the usage of pre-fabricated and pre-tested units facilitate project-planning and reduce erection & installation times. Consequently, the design properties of an HIS system in NSR arrangement contribute to high life-cycle benefit, high operating safety, long service life and high reliability and availability of this technology.

Key Words Mixed Technology Switchgear (MTS), Compact solutions, Modular Substations, Service concepts, High voltage switchgear, Air-insulated switchgear (AIS), Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), Highly-integrated switchgear (HIS), New Segregated Ring (NSR)

*stephan.poehler@siemens.com

B3-205

IEC 61850 based digital communication as interface to the primary equipment F. ENGLER ABB (Switzerland) B. KRUIMER KEMA (Netherlands) T. L. KERN * ABB (Switzerland) G. SCHIMMEL TAMARACK (USA) L. ANDERSSON ABB (Switzerland) K.-H. SCHWARZ NETTED AUTOMATION (Germany)

During the past years, IEC TC57 defined the IEC 61850 standard for Communication Networks and Systems in Substations. IEC 61850 is now ready to be used for standardized communication between all components of a substation automation (SA) system. It also enables universal modeling of SA systems. Digital communication interfaces to the process level are additional benefits of the IEC61850. The digital communication will replace traditional wiring between the bay level devices, instrument transformers and the switchgear apparatus. Product standards for primary equipment using these new interfaces already exist or are under development. IEC 61850 uses commercially available communication technology like switched Ethernet and TCP/IP. The benefit of this choice is, that no application specific communication components with an uncertain lifetime have to be built. However, while the use of Ethernet for the communication between station and bay level does not seem to create any problems, its applicability for time critical communication between the protection and the primary equipment needed to be verified. Special attention must be given to the transmission of data samples from the sensors to the protection devices, and to the transmission of trips back to the primary equipment. The maximum delay for the transmission of sampled values and trips shall stay below 3 ms. This constraint must be met during high network load and even during network overload situations. IEC 61850 provides and proposes several mechanisms and techniques to meet these requirements. Switched Ethernet is used in full duplex mode, which eliminates the risk of collisions. In addition, priority tagging (according to IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1p) is used for critical information like sampled values and trip commands. With these techniques, a high degree of predictability can be achieved. Major substation vendors have started R&D projects in late 2001 to demonstrate this capability. Substation automation specific test arrangements have been designed for these evaluations. In addition, public demonstrations attested to the interoperability between equipment of different vendors. The results of the feasibility testing are now available. All testing results are within the pre-calculated and expected ranges. To minimize the CPU Load in nodes receiving sampled values, a careful design of the interface is recommended. Switch behavior, under certain overload conditions, varies among different products and the network architecture needs to take this into account. This paper presents the test results in more detail and discusses their impact on the system architecture and the node design. KEYWORDS IEC 61850 Substation Automation Station Bus Process Bus SV MMS GOOSE MMS Ethernet Feasibility Study Stack

* thomas.l.kern@ch.abb.com

B3-206

THE USE OF STANDARD BAY DESIGNS TO ACHIEVE LIFECYCLE EFFICIENCIES WITHIN NATIONAL GRID TRANSCO Mark Osborne* National Grid Transco (United Kingdom)

Summary Utilities are under pressure to provide and manage a cost effective and reliable transmission network while at the same time reducing operating costs. Open terminal substations, built in the 1960s and early 1970s, which are coming to the end of their asset lives, further complicate this. National Grid Company (NGC), part of National Grid Transco (NGT) intend to address this through an extensive replacement program over the next two decades for hundreds of substation bays of switchgear and light current equipment. This shall enable NGC to maintain the high levels of reliability and availability expected of a transmission company. The Standard Bay is the preferred strategy to meet the challenge of effectively delivering the program and reducing life cycle costs for the replacement of the whole bay (primary, light current and civil structures). The projected long term cost savings on a per bay basis compared to piecemeal replacement will be significant when considered against the scope of the work-load planned.

16

B3-207

SINGULAR RESPONSES TO THE REQUIRED SUBSTATIONS BY CURRENT SPANISH MARKET ON BEHALF OF SPANISH SC B3
Juan Pablo Gmez* ISASTUR Paloma Mittard UNIN FENOSA Juan Bachiller ABB Juan M. Prez SIEMENS
(Spain)

ngel Fernndez IBERINCO Ricardo Salazar RED ELCTRICA DE ESPAA

SUMMARY Nowadays, the substations design and construction around the world and particularly in Spain, is strong constrained by new requirements requested by the current environment.

The adaptation to the changing demand is specified in strong investments in generation plants as well as the enlarging and improvement of the transmission and distribution networks. This requires innovative and flexible responses that allow the design and construction of new substations that are integral part of the electrical distribution chain.
The result of a specific design of a substation begins with the previous analysis of the requirements that should satisfy: a) social and geographical environment, where is going to be established, b) predicted evolution, so much its functionality as its propriety, c) reduction in fundamental parameters of project time and investment cost. The relative influence of each one of these parameters, combined with the technological evolution of the substation equipment makers, permit to offer an extensive range of solutions for the problem of Spanish electrical market growth, applied so much to new substations as to remodelling from existing installations. Fundamentally, the solutions aim to the use of different technologies inside a same substation ( Mixed Technologies Substation, MTS) because of the space saving and the greater reliability and the adaptation that supposes the GIS (Gas Insulated Substations) technology, as well as the increased use of GIS solutions in outdoor solutions, since into indoor substations (urban environment) is in practice the only applicable one. Examples presented show different types of these applications and expose some of different answers that the Spanish technicians come giving in their projects, to attack successfully the described challenges so much in existing installations as in the development of mobile substations with GIS technology, that permit an immediate answer in critical cases of short time, maintenance or lack of the necessary infrastructure. The success of these applications has been obtained with the participation of all the agents who take part in the design (utilities, promoters, makers and engineering) sharing the analysis of the situation and contributing with the possible solutions in each case.

17

B3-208

Impact of new functionalities on substation design

By P. Bosshart ABB High Voltage Technologies Switzerland J. Finn VA Tech U.K C. Di Mario GRTN Italy M. Osborne National Grid Transco U.K. P. Wester NUON Netherlands.

Submitted to CIGRE Session 2004 On behalf of Cigr WG B3-01 Substation Concepts

Abstract
One of the consequences of implementing emerging new functionalities and technologies is the demand for application guidance and recommendations related to the design and construction impact for substations. A technical brochure, planned for 2006, will cover the subject as a whole but will be preceded by an Electra strategy paper for which the present paper can be looked upon as supportive. The purpose of the strategy paper is to describe the reasons driving the application of new functionalities. This will be supported with recommendation on the impact on substation design and construction. The assessment will be performed by applying a number of supporting management technologies like mind mapping and design structure analysis matrices. The strategy will be succeeded by a brochure covering all the specific results of the management technologies applied. The mind-map, shown in the paper, visualizes the scope of different aspects and items involved in this highly interdisciplinary task. The rapid development of power electronics materials technology not only provides opportunities to develop new power system functionalities, it also generates questions regarding integration into substations and then the subsequent optimization regarding demands in the energy & distribution organization process. As most of the functionality is integrated within the substation boundary the guidance provides key-information for future substation design e.g. a more modular and flexible design approach. The outcome of this investigation will therefore be of importance to designers, project companies, original equipment manufacturers and, the Standards community, which will also have to be aware of the needs and requirements when adopting this technology. This supporting paper follows the structure of the strategy paper in order to give explanatory support where that seems relevant. As such the main focus is directed at the key demands, solution overview, design impact, implementation and cross-relations.

18

B3-209 Knowledge Base Approach in Relation to Risk Management of Distribution and Transmission Assets

PH.WESTER NUON

E.GULSKI TU Delft THE NETHERLANDS

E.R.S.GROOT NUON

I.RING ESBI IRELAND

ABSTRACT Asset management processes are nowadays intensively characterized by risk management. This strategy promises to achieve the optimum balance between investment return and other stakeholders values as availability and environmental load. Risk decisions are based upon, at the one hand, the judgement of the acceptable risk and at the other the (assumed or predicted) performance of the asset string concerned. To be informed about the related assets performances condition based maintenance is applied intensively. A FMECA (failure mode effect and criticality analysis) based approach that, if designed correctly, supports a standardized and human independent environment for the execution of condition measurements and maintenance. It is obvious that decisions which are based upon risk assessments should be made as objective as possible. The possibilities for an objective asset quality assessment differ strongly from the more subjective look upon the local stakeholders risk assessment. A possible approach to find the relation between network risk and asset directed activities is set by applying a matrix approach. Stakeholders values are assessed against the susceptibility for failures at circuit/system level and transposed to the relation where the asset condition is investigated. In order to objectify the asset performance assessment maximally the Delft University of Technology and Management together with her partner InfraCore designed an expert system i-Core capable to gather and analyse a large amount of condition and fault data. Maximisation of relevant is organised through a business model to ensures a data mining process that maximises the new knowledge. The approach can as such be considered a knowledge based, even ISO certificated, system supporting the risk analysis process of asset management divisions.

Ph.Wester, NUON, ph.wester@quicknet.nl

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B3-210

TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF MOBILE SUBSTATIONS

J.LOPEZ-ROLDAN*, J. ALFASTEN, J. DECLERCQ1, R. GIJS, P. MOSSOUX, M. VAN DYCK, PAUWELS CONTRACTING, 1PAUWELS INTERNATIONAL

BELGIUM

ABSTRACT
Mobile substation can be defined as completely equipped electrical substation. The following sections can always be distinguished: HV equipment, Power transformer, MV equipment and Control, metering & protection equipment. All this equipment is mounted on a semi-trailer, factory pre-tested and ready for use. Mobile substations are designed to allow rapid integration in different places in the network. The design and installation of a mobile substation have specific restrictions, which are not present when dealing with conventional substations: restrictions due to transport such as dimension and weight of the trailer, road regulations, electric clearances in particular for equipment higher than 100 kV, the need for a quick installation in places with no lifting equipment available and finally the specific problems of connection and integration of the substation to the existing network. All these constraints make the manufacturer of mobile substations face a much more complex task than just placing the equipment of a normal transformer bay on a semi-trailer. This paper intends to review some of the most relevant technical considerations regarding mobile substations such as the trailer and mobile equipment selection, substation architecture, special support structures, connection to the grid, planning of the accessibility of the mobile substation, grounding, lightning protection and guide lines for the mobile substation application.

Keywords: Mobile Substations, Mobile Transformers, Mobile Switchgear, Substation grounding, Lightning stroke protection, Substation installation.

jose.lopez-roldan@pauwels.com

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B3-211

THE ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR TURNKEY MARKETS Fabrice MARTIN* Rseau de Transport de lElectricit (RTE)

Philippe ROUSSEL

Antoine LARGER

AREVA T&D

VATECH T&D

(France)
For several years, suppliers of high-voltage equipment for outdoor substation have been offering integrated solutions combining all the equipment for one bay within single equipment. The main advantages of these integrated equipment have been reported many times: financial gain due to the concentration of functions in a single equipment and the possible mutuality of certain parts, undeniable space-savings leading to additional price reductions and ease of installation. It is important to check that the integrated equipment are suitable for the rehabilitation of bays and provide gains compared with traditional solutions. The advantages provided by the integrated equipment for complete reconstructions, which can be competitive compared with rehabilitations, should be taken into account.This article is an exchange between an utility and two manufacturers, in order to compare the utilitys needs and concerns with the solutions offered by the manufacturers. Manufacturer propose either air-insulated solution and SF6 gas insulated solution. These solution integrate digital control and command and also substation infrastructures elements. They allow the possibility to use pre-assemble standardised structures design with a reduction on the equipment manufacturing costs and also on the commissioning time. Utilisation of an IT environment reduce also time delays. Compactness of integrate solution offer a ground surface reduction, low environment impact. Installation and replacement time are reduced. Reliability is improve. Periodic maintenance are reduced. At last, the savings evoked with the integrated solutions are between 0 and 10 % of the investment amount. For an utility as RTE, these solution are attractives because they use establish technology. However, they are some differences compare to classic technologies : earthing connection by the circuit breaker, facility to connect to a double busbar. Apply to rehabilitation, RTE wait for answers to real problem concerning connection, isolation distance, rehabilitation delays and purchase and installation cost lower than classic solutions. RTE have made a consultation in 2004 for the rehabilitation of a 63 kV substation in Paris suburb, Fallou substation. The aim is to assess costs of these technologies and to see their real capability in a rehabilitation operation. Apply to construction or reconstruction, main criterion are costs, ground surface and ease to connect. RTE have made a consultation in 2004 for the reconstruction of a 63 kV substation in Paris suburb, Pecy substation. The aim is to assess costs of these technologies. Integrated equipments are continuing to prove their increasing maturity. These devices will succeed only if there is a benefit for the both parts. User wait form any new technologies with a risk, a financial benefit for the turn key market operation which contain equipments and installation. To allow to the manufacturer the possibility to propose optimised solutions, utility has to precise their needs in a functional description which should not constraint overmuch manufacturer technical choices.

RTE, immeuble Ampre, 34-40 rue Henri Regnault, 92400 Courbevoie, France

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B3-212

OPTIMIZATION OF SUBSTATION ASSETS BY REVIEWING DYNAMIC LOADING CRITERIA

Yutaka Hasegawa* Chubu Electric Power Co. Yasushi Oue Kansai Electric Power Co.

Takayuki Kobayashi Tokyo Electric Power Co. Kyoichi Uehara TMT&D Corp. Japan

Hitoshi Okubo Nagoya University

Summary In the tide of global deregulation, electric power liberalization has been progressing in Japan since 2000 as well. In such an environment securing competitiveness under the deregulation is a major challenge. Existing equipment must be effectively utilised in order to increase competitiveness. At the same time it is critical to minimise maintenance costs as much as possible. One concrete strategy is to increase the equipment operation rate by raising the overload operational limits during failure. We investigated maximum temperature limits of the materials used in all equipment components and parts. The maximum temperature at which each component and part doesnt lose its functionality was investigated from the viewpoint of practical performance. In particular transformers seem to be the most critical equipment during temporary overload in a substation. The high temperature generates bubbles form from the winding insulating paper in the insulating oil. These bubbles affect the insulating performance significantly, and were investigated. In addition, various model verification tests were carried out to establish a method to estimate the moisture content of winding insulating paper from the temperature and the moisture content of the transformer insulating oil, which is related to insulation performance. As well, the side effects expected from raising transformer overload operational limits on other parts that have not had issues in the past were investigated. This paper describes the temperature rise evaluation test for the bushing cementing parts as an example. When we estimate the overload capabilities of substation equipment during overload, we have to determine it as a whole system. We thus have to evaluate not only the transformer but also the equipment in series such as breakers and switchgears. This paper also describes the evaluation method for substation overload. One result of this study is that the existing overload operational limit of 130% could be raised to 140%, resulting in facility investment control to postpone the installation or extension of distribution substation by 2 or 3 years. Similarly for primary high-voltage and large-capacity substations, it was found operational limits could be increased by approximately 15%. This could allow the installation or extension of primary substations to be postponed for 1 - 5 years. These contributed to rationalising substation equipment.

* Hasegawa.Yutaka@chuden.co.jp

-1-

B 3 -2 1 3

Activities for Huge SF6 Emission Reduction in Japan Y. Fushimi

Tokyo Electric Power Co.

Y. Ichikawa
Chubu Electric Power Co.

Y. Oue
Kansai Electric Power Co.

T. Yokota
TMT&D Corp.

T. Yamagiwa
Japan AE Power Systems Corp.

M. Meguro
Toshiba Corp.

(Japan)

Summary In the last four decades, gas insulated equipment has been widely applied to substation facility in Japan. Excellent features like downsizing, less maintenance cost, less environmental effect and personnels safety can be achieved to greater degrees than conventional air- insulated substation by application of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) to substation equipment like gas-insulated circuit breaker (GCB), gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and gasinsulated transformer (GIT). Particularly in Japan where the land acquisition is extremely difficult, there is a large demand for gas-insulated equipment. Under such circumstance, performance of gas-insulated equipment has been continuously improved by application of field data and operating experience under the cooperation of electric power companies and manufacturers in Japan. On the other hand, since SF6 was identified as a greenhouse gas at COP3 held in 1997 at Kyoto, we have to continue to use the SF6 with special attention because the economical solution with alternative measure has not been found yet in spite of great efforts in the concerned fields. This paper describes the overview of the joint study in Japan for establishing emission reduction strategy, and its implementation after the joint study, including the voluntary action plans, development of advanced gas-insulated equipment and the follow-up activities by electric power companies, equipment manufacturers, academy and gas producers. This paper also presents the trend of gas-insulated technology and the perspective for SF6 emission reduction for the future. Our activities towards emission reduction of SF6 could be a very useful benchmark for all the utilities and the manufacturers in the electric power industry of world. As a consequence of those activities, SF6 emission from the electric power industry in Japan at the year of 2001 was 86 tons while the amount of SF6 from 1990 to 1995 was 450tons/year on an average. In the future, we are confident that the voluntary efforts by the continuing cooperation of relevant parties will be resulting further reduction of SF6 emission.
Mr. Takeshi Yokota, E-mail takeshi.yokota@tmt-d.co.jp
-1-

B3-214

Improvements on High Voltage Electrical Substations to face the new Brazilian Legislation

G. M. Bastos (*)

R. C. Valente

E. Leser

J. L. F de Almeida

O. J. M. da Motta

Furnas Centrais Eltricas S.A. Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

Summary The deregulation of the Brazilian electric system led the Brazilian electrical utilities, public or private, to adapt themselves to a new reality. The legislation created by ANEEL - The National Electrical Energy Agency - foresees heavy penalties for unavailability of electrical equipment that affect the correct operation of the electric system. As a consequence of this new legislation, Brazilian electrical utilities are forced to review their operations and maintenance procedures to reduce as much as possible the number of scheduled outages and, more than that, to decrease the number of non-scheduled outages. In way to adapt itself, some measures were taken to decrease the time of unavailability and minimize the penalties. One of the measures taken was the installation of an on line monitoring system that provides continuous information of the state of the main equipment of high voltage substations. The monitoring system allows the operation and maintenance teams an early detection of incoming failures and the choice of the best time to remove them from operation for repairing or maintenance, reducing the risks of large failures that requires a long repair time. The replacement of any equipment for maintenance or repair should be done as quickly as possible, to avoid long outages. However, this does not happen with power transformers that normally need a very long time for their replacement, even in the substations where the power transformers banks are formed by three single phase units with a spare unit connected through a transfer bus. With the aim to decreasing this time, it was designed and are being installed a switching system that will allow a very quick replacement of transformers by the spare unit no matter what is their rated voltage and / or power. This replacement is be made by means of automatic maneuvers of single phase switches installed on all sides of the equipment, remotely controlled by the substation control system. In this work we will present the solution designed for substations. We will also show the system designed to facilitate the substitution of the protection, control and supervision cable circuits
As a consequence of the use of this system the replacement time of single-phase transformers is reduced from several hours to no more than 20 minutes.

23

B3-215

Application of gas-insulated modules (GIM) to EHV substations F. Salamanca, R. Salazar, A. Alcocer Red Electrica de Espaa Spain T. Millour, Ph. Ponchon*, J.-L. Habert AREVA T & D Spain & France

Key-words : AIS - GIS - GIM - Hybrid - Gas-insulated module - NSR - HV - EHV

Last years have seen the introduction, in high-voltage and extra-high-voltage networks, of an AIS / GIS (gas-insulated substation / air-insulated substation) mixed technology, which gains from the use of GIM (gas-insulated modules). Analysis undoubtedly shows that GIM is specially suitable for following categories of applications, at all voltage levels up to 550 kV : Standardisation and optimisation of new S/S and/or extensions in large networks, AIS refurbishment with operational constraints and/or space limitations, Extension of air-insulated S/S with space limitations. However, while GIM perfectly matches networks and users requirements in previous applications, this introduction remains moderate, due to several resistance factors, the main one being the wrong replacing of AIS equipment by GIM, without substation global approach, i.e. without considering different single-line diagram and general arrangement for technologies with different reliabilities. Despite this, GIM future seems to be insured by AIS refurbishment and extension market which will mathematically increase with equipment ageing and network reinforcement. For the global approach market, GIM spreading out depends on large utilities will and capabilities to set large standardisation programs, in view of cost-killing actions.

B3-216

THE GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR RATED FOR 800 kV I.V. Babkin, B.E. Berlin, Y. I. Vishnevsky V.N. Lopaev, A.S. Pelts, S. V. Tretiakov NIIVA Russia J.H. Yoon, J.H. Kang, B.H. Choi HHI Korea

Summary The growing global power consumption results in necessity of more and more broad development of extra-high voltage power transmission lines. The most progressive solutions are considered those, which provide the minimum environmental impact. With reference to the substation equipment the gas insulated switchgear (GIS) meets mainly such requirements. In accordance with the plan for development the Korean power company () decided to begin the 800 kV transmission line project with substations on a basis of outdoor GIS. This report describes technical specifications to the equipment and results of design and tests. CIRCUIT BREAKER. The puffer arcing device is used in the circuit breaker. The design of the circuit breaker differs by configuration. The circuit breaker has two breaks, each of which is located in a separate vertically mounted tank and is operated by a separate hydraulic drive. It has allowed to reduce the linear dimensions of a bay. DISCONNECTORS. The disconnector has double-motion closing resistors that practically completely removes an overvoltage problem at switching of bus-charging currents. HIGH SPEED GROUNDING SWITCH. The device represents a single-break puffer-type arcing device, the distinctive feature of which is the usage of a stationary nozzle on the side of a moving contact. The given solution allows to lower the SF6 flow rate on an initial stage of an arc blowout and to increase a gas pressure at arc durations up to 80 ms with currents up to 8 kA. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING. During the equipment development the software packages which have permitted to obtain previously before the prototyping the main characteristics of the switching devices and to calculate their insulating and mechanical properties were developed. The production prototypes have passed successfully the type tests. Keywords: GIS Circuit-breaker Disconnector - High speed grounding switch Synthetic test.

I.Babkin, niiva@mail.wplus.net