3 Anterior visceral branches of Abdominal Aorta - Large and unpaired

1. the CELIAC ARTERY o o o which branches from the abdominal aorta at the level of T12 vertebrae artery of the foregut supplies the GI tract from the lower 1/3 of the esophagus the middle of the second part of the duodenum

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very short surrounded by celiac plexus lies behind the lesser sac of peritoneum 3 terminal branches:

a. Left gastric artery

Runs to the cardiac end of the stomach Gives off a few esophageal branches Turns to the right along the lesser curvature of the stomach Anastomoses with the right gastric artery (short gastric arteries)

Branches: o Esophageal branches

Right gastric artery Arises from hepatic artery at the upper border of the pylorus Runs to the left in the lesser omentum along the lesser curvature of the stomach Anastomoses with left gastric artery Gastroduodenal artery A large branch that descends behind the first part of the duodenum Divides into o Right gastroepiploi c artery Runs along the greater curvatur e of the stomac h betwee n the layers of greater omentu m Anasto mose with left gastroe piploic artery o Superior pancreaticod uodenal artery Descen ds bet. the second part of the duoden um and the head of pancrea s

b. Splenic artery - Runs to the left in a wavy course along the upper border of the pancreas and behind the stomach - On reaching the left kidney, the artery enters the splenicorenal ligament runs to the hilum of the spleen - Branches: o Pancreatic branches o Left gastroepiploic artery Arises near the hilum of the spleen Reaches the lesser curvature of the stomach in the gastrosplenic omentum Passes to the right along the greater curvature of the stomach between the layers of greater omentum Anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic artery o Short gastric arteries 5 or 6 Arise from the end of the splenic artery Reach the fundus of the stomach in the gastrosplenic omentum Anastomose with the left gastric artery and the left gastroepiploic artery

c. Hepatic artery o Medium-sized o Is sometimes divided into the common hepatic artery Extends from its origin to the gastroduodenl branch Hepatic artery propter The remainder of the artery o Branches:

right and left hepatic artery

supply the right and left lobes of the liver respectively right hepatic artery

usually gives off the cystic artery runs to the neck of the GB passes to the right as a single or double branch along the upper border of the 3rd part of the duodenum and the head of pancreas supplies the o pancreas o adjoining part of the duodenum o

2. the superior mesenteric artery o which arises from the abdominal aorta at the lower border of vertebra L1 o artery of the midgut o supplies the GI tract from the midline of the 2nd part of the duodenum as far as the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon distal part of the duodenum jejunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon most of the transverse colon o branches: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

middle colic artery runs forward in the transverse mesocolon divides into o right branch o left branch right colic artery often a branch of ileocolic aa passes to the right to supply the ascending colon divides into o ascending branch o descending branch ileocolic artery passes downward to the right gives rise to a o superior branch anastomoses Give rise to with right colic -anterior & posterior cecal artery arteries o inferior -appendicular branch artery (branch of anastomoses posterior cecal aa) with the end of the superior mesenteric aa Jujenal & ileal branches 12-15 in number Arise from the left side of the superior mesenteric artery Each divides into 2 vessel, which unite w/ adjacent branches to form a series of arcades

Fewer arcades supply the jejunum than the ileum

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artery of the hindgut Supplies the large intestine from the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon halfway down the anal canal Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon Left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Upper half of the anal canal Arises from the abdominal aorta about 1.5 in (3.8cm) above its bifurcation Runs downward and to the left Crosses the left common iliac artery Becomes superior rectal artery Branches Left colic artery Runs upward and to the left Supplies the o distal 3rd of transverse colon o left colic flexure o upper part of the descending colon divides into o ascending branch o descending branch Sigmoid arteries 2 or 3 in number Supply the o Descending colon o Sigmoid colon Superior rectal artery A continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery as it crosses the left common iliac artery Descends into the pelvis behind the rectum Supplies the o Rectum

3. the inferior mesenteric artery o which branches from the abdominal aorta at approximately vertebral level L3

Upper half of the anal canal Anastomoses with the o middle rectal o inferior rectal arteries o

4. Marginal artery o The anastomosis of the colic arteries around the concave margin of the large intestine forms a single arterial trunk called marginal artery =) o Begins at the ileocecal junction Where it anastomoses with the ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery o Ends Where it anastomoses less freely with the superior rectal artery Portal Vein (Hepatic Portal Vein) drains blood from the abdominal part of the GI o from the lower 3rdof the esophagus anal canal also drains blood from the o spleen o pancreas o GB Enters the liver Sinusoids Hepatic veins Inferior vena cava 2 in (5cm) long Formed behind the neck of the pancreas by the union of the o superior mesenteric vein o splenic veins

VENOUS DRAINAGE Venous blood from the GI tract drains to the liver by the portal venous system Proximal tributaries: drain directly into the portal vein Distal tributaries: o correspond to the branches of the celiac artery o superior & inferior mesenteric arteries

Ascends to the right, behind the 1st part of the duodenum Enters the lesser omentum Runs upward in front of the opening into the lesser sac to the porta hepatis Divides into right & left terminal branches

tributaries: o splenic vein o inferior mesentery vein o superior mesentery vein o left gastric vein drains the left portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach and the distal part of the esophagus opens directly into portal vein o right gastric vein

ARTERIES ON THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL Aorta - enters the abdomen through the aortic opening of the diaphragm in front of the T12 vertebra - descends behind the peritoneum on eh anterior surface of the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae - @L4 divides into the 2 common iliac arteries - On its right side lies the o IVC o Inferior vena cava o Cisterna chyli o The beginning of azygous vein - Branches: o 3 anterior branches: Celiac artery Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery o 3 lateral branches Suprarenal artery Renal artery Testicular or ovarian artery o 5 lateral abdominal wall branches 1 inferior phrenic artery 4 lumbar arteries o 3 terminal branches 2 common iliac arteries Median sacral artery

COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES (RIGHT AND LEFT COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES) - Are terminal branches of aorta - Arise at the level of L4 Run downward and laterally along the medial border of the psoas mm Each ends in front of sacroiliac joint by dividng into the External & internal iliac arteries @ bifurcation: the common iliac artery on each side is crossed anteriorly by ureter

External Iliac Artery - Runs along the medial borer of psoas, following the pelvic rim - Branches: o Inferior epigastric artery Arises just above the inguinal ligament Passes upward & medially along the medial margin of the deep inguinal ring Enters rectus sheath behind the rectus abdominis mm o Deep circumflex artery

Arise close to the inferior epigastric artery Ascends laterally to the anterior superior iliac spine & the iliac crest Supply the mm of the anterior abdominal wall Enters the thigh by passing under the inguinal ligament Become femoral artery

Internal Iliac Artery - Passes down into the pelvis in front of the sacroiliac joint VEINS OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

The entrance into the lesser sac separates the inferior vena cava from the portal vein Tributaries o 2 anterior visceral tributaries: hepatic veins o 3 lateral visceral tributaries: Right suprarenal vein *the left suprarenal vein drains into the left renal vein Renal veins Right testicular or ovarian vein *the left ones are drained into the left renal vein 5 lateral abdominal tributaries 1 inferior phrenic vein 4 lumbar veins 3 veins of origin 2 common iliac veins Median sacral vein

Inferior vena cava - Coveys most of the blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart - Is formed by the union of the o Common iliac veins behind the right common iliac artery @ the level of L5 vertebra - It ascends on the right side of the aorta Pierces the central tendon of the diapghragm at the level of T8 Right atrium - Behind its right margin: right sympathetic trunk - Right border: close to right ureter

Inferior Mesenteric Vein - A tributary of the portal circulation - Begins halfway down the anal canal as the superior rectal vein Passes up the posterior abdominal wall on the left side of the inferior mesenteric artery & duodenal flexure Joins the splenic vein behind the pancreas Receives the tributaries that correspond to the branches of the artery Splenic Mesenteric Vein - A tributary of the portal circulation

Begins at the hilum of the spleen by the union of several veins Joined by the short gastric and left gastoepiploic veins Passes to the right within the splenicorenal ligament Runs behind the pancreas Joins the superior mesenteric vein behind the neck of the pancreas Form the portal vein - Joined by veins from the pancreas and the inferior mesenteric vein Superior Mesenteric vein - A tributary of portal circulation - Begins at the ileocecal junction Runs upward on the posterior abdominal wall within the root of the mesentery of the s.i. and on the right side of the superior mesenteric aa Passes in front of the 3rd part of the duodenum and behind the neck of the pancreas Joins the splenic vein Form the portal vein