CROSS-CURRICULAR

READINGS FOR SCUOLA MEDIA

CHAPTER 1: ART
IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism is a style of painting that began in Paris, France in the mid-1800s. Unlike artists before them, the impressionists painted most of their paintings outdoors and liked to portray natural subjects like trees, fields, and oceans. Impressionists would often take their materials outdoors and paint what they saw. This is called painting en plein air. When impressionists painted pictures of people, they made them look like people you would see everyday. Rather than painting religious figures or royalty, impressionists painted people like the local tavern owner, a girl eagerly awaiting the beginning of a play, or workers resting in bales of hay. They often used their own family and friends as subjects in their paintings. Before the impressionists, painters usually placed the main subject of their painting in the center. It was the first thing the viewer looked at and the background was not nearly as important. Before the impressionists, the main focus was, more often than not, placed in the middle of the painting. Impressionists often put more emphasis on the scene than on the person or main subject of the painting. To do this, they painted the main subject off to the side rather than in the center of the painting. An impressionist painting looks more like a photograph in this way. A photograph captures not only the main subject, but everything around the subject and everything in the photo is important. Photography was just becoming popular in the mid1800s and influenced the way the impressionists looked at things. The style was called impressionism because the artists were not as exacting about painting a realistic picture. They used many short brush strokes, applying paint thickly, to create the idea, or impression, of a subject. Vincent van Gogh is a good example of this technique. The paint on his canvases is often so thick it looks 3D. Look at this painting, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and notice the short brush strokes. Also, the painting is so thick that you can see the shadows from the paint. Because of the quick, short strokes, if you stand very close to an impressionist painting and look at it, often the painting wont look like anything but a bunch of paint blobs. When you back away from it, though, you can see the whole picture. Another characteristic of impressionist painting is the study of light. The way light changed the shadows and colors of subjects was of much interest to impressionists. For example, Claude Monet often painted in series, making many pictures of the same subject at different times throughout the day and in different seasons to see how the lighting affected his paintings. Look at these paintings of the Rouen Cathedral and see how the lighting changed the colors Monet used.

Vincent van Gogh Biography

Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853 - July 29, 1890) is generally considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt, though he had little success during his lifetime. Van Gogh produced all of his work (some 900 paintings and 1100 drawings) during a period of only 10 years before he succumbed to mental illness (possibly bipolar disorder) and committed suicide. His fame grew rapidly after his death especially following a showing of 71 of van Goghs paintings in Paris on March 17, 1901 (11 years after his death). (Properly the name rhymes with loch, but it is also pronounced goph, go and goe.) Van Goghs influence on expressionism, fauvism and early abstraction was enormous, and can be seen in many other aspects of 20th-century art. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is dedicated to Van Goghs work and that of his contemporaries. Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. On March 30, 1987 Van Goghs painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Southebys, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christies, thus establishing a new price record (see also List of most expensive paintings). Life and Work Vincent was born in Zundert, The Netherlands; his father was a protestant minister, a profession that Vincent found appealing and to which he would be drawn to a certain extent later in his life. His sister described him as a serious and introspective child. At age 16 Vincent started to work for the art dealer Goupil & Co. in The Hague. His four years younger brother Theo, with whom Vincent cherished a life long friendship, would join the company later. This friendship is amply documented in a vast amount of letters they sent each other. These letters have been preserved and were published in 1914. They provide a lot of insight into the life of the painter, and show him to be a talented writer with a keen mind. Theo would support Vincent financially throughout his life. In 1873, his firm transferred him to London, then to Paris. He became increasingly interested in religion; in 1876 Goupil dismissed him for lack of motivation. He became a teaching assistant in Ramsgate near London, then returned to Amsterdam to study theology in 1877. After dropping out in 1878, he became a layman preacher in Belgium in a poor mining region known as the Borinage. He even preached down in the mines and was extremely concerned with the lot of the workers. He was dismissed after 6 months and continued without pay. During this period he started to produce charcoal sketches. In 1880, Vincent van Gogh followed the suggestion of his brother Theo and took up painting in earnest. For a brief period Vincent took painting lessons from Anton Mauve at The Hague. Although Vicent and Anton soon split over divergence of artistic views, influences of the Hague School of painting would remain in Vincents work, notably in the way he played with light and in the looseness of his brush strokes. However his usage of colours, favouring dark tones, set him apart from his teacher. In 1881 he declared his love to his widowed cousin Kee Vos, who rejected him.

Later he would move in with the prostitute Sien Hoornik and her children and considered marrying her; his father was strictly against this relationship and even his brother Theo advised against it. They later separated. Impressed and influenced by Jean-Francois Millet, van Gogh focussed on painting peasants and rural scenes. He moved to the Dutch province Drenthe, later to Nuenen, North Brabant, also in The Netherlands. Here he painted in 1885. In the winter of 1885-1886 Van Gogh attended the art academy of Antwerp, Belgium. This proved a disappointment as he was dismissed after a few months by his Professor. Van Gogh did however get in touch with Japanese art during this period, which he started to collect eagerly. He admired its bright colors, use of canvas space and the role lines played in the picture. These impressions would influence him strongly. Van Gogh made some painting in Japanese style. Also some of the portraits he painted are set against a background which shows Japanese art. In spring 1886 Vincent van Gogh went to Paris, where he moved in with his brother Theo; they shared a house on Montmartre. Here he met the painters met Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro, Bernard, Henri de ToulouseLautrec and Paul Gauguin. He discovered impressionism and liked its use of light and color, more than its lack of social engagement (as he saw it). Especially the technique known as pointillism (where many small dots are applied to the canvas that blend into rich colors only in the eye of the beholder, seeing it from a distance) made its mark on Van Goghs own style. It should be noted that Van Gogh is regarded as a post-impressionist, rather than an impressionist. In 1888, when city life and living with his brothers proved too much, Van Gogh left Paris and went to Arles, Bouches-du-Rh, France. He was impressed with the local landscape and hoped to found an art colony. He decorated a yellow house and created a celebrated series of yellow sunflower paintings for this purpose. Only Paul Gauguin, whose simplified colour schemes and forms (known as synthetism) attracted van Gogh, followed his invitation. The admiration was mutual, and Gauguin painted van Gogh painting sunflowers. However their encounter ended in a quarrel. Van Gogh suffered a mental breakdown and cut off part of his left ear, which he gave to a startled prostitute friend. Gauguin left in December 1888. The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia. Vincent van Gogh now exchanged painting dots for small stripes. He suffered from depression, and in 1889 on his own request Van Gogh was admitted to the psychiatric center at Monastery Saint-Paul de Mausole in Saint Remy de Provence, Bouches-du-Rh, France. During his stay here the clinic and its garden became his main subject. Pencil strokes changed again, now into spiral curves. In May 1890 Vincent van Gogh left the clinic and went to the physician Paul Gachet, in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, where he was closer to his brother Theo, who had recently married. Gachet had been recommended to him by Pissarro; he had treated several artists before. Here van Gogh created his only etching: a portrait of the melancholic doctor Gachet. His depression aggravated. On July 27 of the same year, at the age of 37, after a fit of painting activity, van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo at his side, who reported his last words as La tristesse durera toujours (French: The sadness will last forever). He was buried at the cemetery of Auvers-sur-Oise; Theo unable to come to terms with his brothers death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher. Large exhibitions were organized soon: Paris 1901, Amsterdam 1905, Cologne 1912, New York 1913 and Berlin 1914. Vincent van Goghs mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincents life and even after his death. ut she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter.

ACTIVITY 1 NOW LOOK AT THE PAINTING STARRY NIGHT AND COMMENT ON IT ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Look at the painting by Van Gogh. What does it represent? Can you name all the things in the picture? 2. Consider the use of the colors. What are the dominant ones? What is the role of the colors? 3. What emotions and feelings does this painting convey to you? 4. Describe the lines in the paintings. What kinds of shapes do you see? 5. Is your eye drawn to any particular area of the painting? Why? 6. Does the work make you think of movement? How does the artist show movement? 7. What sounds would you hear if you were in that painting? 8. What do you like or dislike about the painting? ACTIVITY 2 LISTEN TO THE SONG VINCENT BY DON MAC LEAN (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dipFMJckZOM) Starry, starry night Paint your palette blue and gray Look out on a summer's day With eyes that know the darkness in my soul

Shadows on the hills Sketch the trees and the daffodils Catch the breeze and the winter chills In colors on the snowy linen land Now I understand What you tried to say to me And how you suffered for your sanity And how you tried to set them free They would not listen, they did not know how Perhaps they'll listen now Starry, starry night Flaming flowers that brightly blaze Swirling clouds in violet haze Reflect in Vincent's eyes of china blue Colors changing hue Morning fields of amber grain Weathered faces lined in pain Are soothed beneath the artist's loving hand Now I understand What you tried to say to me And how you suffered for your sanity And how you tried to set them free They would not listen, they did not know how

Perhaps they'll listen now For they could not love you But still your love was true And when no hope was left in sight On that starry, starry night You took your life, as lovers often do But I could've told you Vincent This world was never meant for One as beautiful as you Starry, starry night Portraits hung in empty halls Frame-less heads on nameless walls With eyes that watch the world and can't forget Like the strangers that you've met The ragged men in ragged clothes The silver thorn of bloody rose Lie crushed and broken on the virgin snow Now I think I know What you tried to say to me And how you suffered for your sanity And how you tried to set them free They would not listen, they're not listening still Perhaps they never will

CHAPTER 2: MUSIC
THE BEATLES
The Beatles are, quite possibly, the all-time most famous and popular band in the world. Though the groups commercial recording career spanned a mere seven years, from 1963 to 1970, they remain the bestselling band of all time in history in the United States, and have sold more than a billion albums around the world. The Beatles lineup consisted of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. An initial version of the band, including McCartney, Lennon, and Harrison, first started playing together in 1957 while the musicians were in high school, but the bands final lineup did not become complete until Starr joined the band in 1962. Though the Beatles initially experienced success in England, they did not make it big in the United States until their 1964 appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. After their appearance on the show, a phenomenon known as Beatlemania occurred girls began

to collect their albums and memorabilia with a vengeance, and many teenage boys imitated their distinctive pageboy haircuts. The first few albums that the Beatles released were full of catchy pop tunes, but the musicians soon began to experiment with their sound. Their 1966 album, Revolver was an ambitious sonic experiment that incorporated blues and world music. The following album, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band was even more innovative, and is frequently hailed as the best album of all time by critics around the world. In 1969, the members of the Beatles decided to go their separate ways. They played a final concert in London on the rooftop of the Apple Records building, much of which was featured in their video documentary, Let it Be. The Beatles last album, Abbey Road was released in 1969. After the Beatles broke up, each of the band members followed separate creative paths. Paul McCartney formed a band called Wings with his wife, Linda; they recorded numerous hit songs, including Live and Let Die, which was later covered by Guns n Roses. John Lennon achieved great success as a solo artist, with classic songs like Imagine. Tragically, he was killed by an obsessive fan, Mark David Chapman, in 1980. George Harrison recorded many solo albums over the years, and died of cancer in 2001. The Beatles are widely acknowledged as one of the worlds most influential bands, and are frequently played on classic rock radio stations today. More recent bands, including Oasis, have achieved great success by copying the Beatles sound. Though often imitated, the creativity and skill that the Beatles brought to rock music has never been replicated. ACTIVITY ONE LISTEN TO THE SONG YESTERDAY BY THE BEATLES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S09F5MejfBE) Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away Now it looks as though they're here to stay Oh, I believe in yesterday. Suddenly, I'm not half to man I used to be, There's a shadow hanging over me. Oh, yesterday came suddenly. Why she had to go I don't know she wouldn't say. I said something wrong, now I long for yesterday.

Yesterday, love was such an easy game to play. Now I need a place to hide away. 1. Who is the singer, a man or a woman? How can you understand it ?( underline personal pronouns) 2. How many people is the song about? 3. What is the relationship between them? 4. How does the man feel? 5. Why? 6. Did he feel the same yesterday? 7. How do you think their relationship could continue?

CHAPTER 3: GEOGRAPHY
THE USA AND NEW YORK
New York City New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. The city is referred to as or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world. Located on one of the worlds largest natural harbours, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a county of New York State. The five boroughs The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Islandwere consolidated into a single city in 1898. New York traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy. Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors.

Times Square, iconified as The Crossroads of the World, is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theatre district, one of the worlds busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the worlds entertainment industry. The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers, and parks. New York Citys financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, has been called the worlds leading financial center and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the worlds largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive rapid transit systems worldwide. Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 50 in the world. History New Amsterdam, centred in the eventual Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it New York. The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolution, took place in Brooklyn in 1776. Broadway, circa 1840. Birds eye panoramic view print of Manhattan in 1873. The Brooklyn Bridge was under construction from 1870 until 1883. A construction worker on top of the Empire State Building as it was being built in 1930. The Chrysler Building is below and behind him. The Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a designated National Historic Landmark as the site of the 1969 Stonewall Rebellion. The five boroughs Manhattan (New York County) is the most densely populated borough and is home to Central Park and most of the citys skyscrapers. Most of the borough is on Manhattan Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River. Manhattan is the financial centre of the city and contains the headquarters of man y major corporations, the UN, a number of important universities, and many cultural attractions. Manhattan is loosely divided into Lower, Midtown, and Uptown regions. Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side, and above the park is Harlem. New York Citys remaining four boroughs are collectively referred to as the outer boroughs. The Bronx (Bronx County) is New York Citys northernmost borough, the location of Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees, and home to the largest cooperatively owned housing complex in the United States, Co-op City. Except for a small section of Manhattan known as Marble Hill, the Bronx is the only section of the city that is

part of the United States mainland. It is home to the Bronx Zoo, the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States, which spans 265 acres (1.07 m 2) and is home to over 6,000 animals. The Bronx is the birthplace of rap and hip hop culture. Brooklyn (Kings County) on the western tip of Long Island, is the citys most populous borough and was an independent city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods and a distinctive architectural heritage. Downtown Brooklyn is the only central core neighborhood in the outer boroughs. The borough features a long beachfront shoreline including Coney Island, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country. Queens (Queens County) on Long Island east of Brooklyn, is geographically the largest borough and the most ethnically diverse county in the United States. Historically a collection of small towns and villages founded by the Dutch, the borough has since developed both commercial and residential prominence. Queens County is the only large county in the United States where the median income among African Americans, approximately $52,000 a year, is higher than that of White Americans. Queens is the site of Citi Field, the home of the New York Mets, and annually hosts the U.S. Open tennis tournament. Additionally, it is home to two of the three major airports serving the New York metropolitan area, LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport. (The third is Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark, New Jersey.) Staten Island (Richmond County) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs. Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and to Manhattan by way of the free Staten Island Ferry. The Staten Island Ferry is one of the most popular tourist attractions in New York City as it provides unsurpassed views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, and lower Manhattan. Located in central Staten Island, the 2,500 acres (10 m 2) Staten Island Greenbelt has some 28 miles (45 m) of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city. Designated in 1984 to protect the islands natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks. ACTIVITY ONE WEBQUEST: Search the internet and find out: 1. the temperature in NY at this time of year 2. the population in NY 3. boroughs in NY. What are their names? 4. In which borough is Broadway? 5. Name of a famous park in NY 6. The famous building which collapsed on September the 11th 2001, demolished by terrorist attack 7. Three other famous buildings 8. The tallest building in NY 9. New York famous food 10. Two new York papers 11. What is Wall street

Sports in America Sport plays a major role in American society as it accounts for the most popular form of recreation. Many Americans are involved in sports - either as a participant or as a spectator. Amateur sports distinguishes between recreational and competitive sports. Favourite recreational activities include hiking, walking, boating, hunting, and fishing. All of these are liked for the recreational value as well as for exercise. But there are also many other sports activities in America which attract millions of participants for personal enjoyment, the love of competition and for the benefits of fitness and health. In addition, sport teaches social values like teamwork, sportsmanship, self-discipline, and persistence that are highly regarded in U.S. society. All these requirements are well covered in team sports such as baseball, basketball, football, volleyball that gained increased emphasis in the 20th century. Individual sports like swimming, golf, tennis, bowling, skiing, track and field are equally popular. The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) takes care of the interests of amateur sports. Americans also take part in sports as spectators - actually at the contest or via television. It is great entertainment for sports fans to watch their teams and athletes competing in professional sports. Favourites are typical American sports like baseball, basketball, and football. In the western states rodeos are also very popular sports events. The Flag The Stars and Stripes originated as a result of a resolution adopted by the Second Continental Congress at Philadelphia on June 14, 1777. The resolution read: Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field representing a new constellation. The resolution gave no instruction as to how many points the stars should have, nor how the stars should be arranged on the blue union. Consequently, there were many variations. During the Revolutionary War, several patriots made flags for the new Nation. Betsy Ross is the best known of these persons, but there is no proof that she made the first Stars and Stripes. It was not until April 4, 1818, when President Monroe accepted a bill that prescribed the basic design of the flag which would assure that the growth of the country would be properly symbolized. It required that the flag of the United States have a union of 20 stars, white on a blue field, and that upon admission of each new State one star be added to the union of the flag on the fourth of July following the date of admission. The 13 alternating red and white stripes would remain unchanged. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation calling for a nationwide observance of Flag Day on June 14, the birthday of the Stars and Stripes. It was not until 1949 that Congress made this day a permanent observance. U.S. Government

The United States is a federal union of 50 states, with the District of Columbia as the seat of the federal government. The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and activities, and defines the relationship between the national government and individual state governments. Power is shared between the national and state (local) governments. Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government. Governmental power and functions in the United States rest in three branches of government: the legislative, judicial, and executive. Article 1 of the Constitution defines the legislative branch and vests power to legislate in the Congress of the United States. The executive powers of the President are defined in Article 2. Article 3 places judicial power in the hands of one Supreme Court and inferior courts as Congress sees necessary to establish. In this system of a separation of powers each branch operates independently of the others, however, there are built in checks and balances to prevent a concentration of power in any one branch and to protect the rights and liberties of citizens. For example, the President can veto bills approved by Congress and the President nominates individuals to serve in the Federal judiciary; the Supreme Court can declare a law enacted by Congress or an action by the President unconstitutional; and Congress can impeach the President and Federal court justices and judges. ACTIVITY ONE COMPLETE THE SENTENCES - the Constitution establishes____________________________________________ - Power is shared_____________________________________________________ - The three branches of thr state power in the USA are________________________________________________________________ - The president has the____________power - It is called separation of powers because__________________________________ - The American President may___________________________________________

CHAPTER 4: HISTORY
MARTIN LUTHER KING
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States in 1929. At that time in America, black people didnt have equal rights with white people. Black people had to sit in the back of busses. The schools were segregated and there were even separate public restrooms for black people and white people. Black peoples lives were not very good. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a minister in the Baptist Church. He fought against racial segregation. He wanted equal rights for all people. But he didnt use violence in his fight. He asked people to fight peacefully. For example, he asked black people to ride in the front of the bus. More than 200,000 people went to Washington D.C. to listen to him speak

and ask the government to change unfair laws. Because of Martin Luther King, Jr., many laws began to change in the United States. But many white people disagreed with him and his ways. In 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated by a white man. Every year on the third Monday of January, Americans remember Martin Luther King, Jr. They try to remember how much America has changed. And they think about how much more America should change in the future. ACTIVITY ONE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1. What is racial segregation? 2. What was Martin Luther King Jr.s job? 3. How did he ask people to fight for their rights? 4. Did Martin Luther King, Jr. kill someone? 5. When do Americans celebrate Martin Luther King, Jr. Day? MARTIN LUTHER KING I HAVE A DREAM extract from speech I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with a new meaning, My country, tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrims pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring. And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From

every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last! NOW YOU CAN WATCH THE VIDEO OF THE SPEECH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smEqnnklfYs