Brain-Savvy Coaching Across Types

The neuroscience of personality

Dario Nardi, PhD,

Univ. California, Los Angeles, USA

Fire up your info-gathering!

(And fasten your seatbelts)

Youll come away with Grasp of research-in-progress on brain-use patterns across Types. Numerous implications for how you and others operate. Findings and activities that fascinate clients and encourage Type use!
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Coaching Applications
Start where others are. Suggest in flow and low-threshold activities. Help understand struggles. Lend validity to use of Type.

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This is my lab for studying brains.

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I use EEG technology

Electro-Encephala-Gram. Measures electrical activity in the neocortex. Is fast, simple, and cheap. Measures changes in real-time (milliseconds). Is low-res and cant look into deep brain.
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This is what I have people do.

Play games, e.g. cards, word games Perform physical tasks, e.g. juggling Think, e.g. math problems, analogies Communicate, e.g. simulated speed dating, role playing with actors Recall, e.g. items on list, scene details Foresee, e.g. your life 10 yrs from now
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Brains light up by how people approach a task.

Particular regions light up when being used for an activity. Dark regions indicate whats not in use or activity that has become automatic. Various holistic patterns and zig-zag sequences. Lets take a look!

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ESTJ red regions are most active, then yellow, and least are black.
Explain and Decide Linear deductive reasoning

Hear words Recall factual details

Construct a visual image

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INFP red regions are most active, then yellow, and least are black.

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This is a brain in flow this is steady for minutes when doing a task as an expert.

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This is a brain doing transcontextual thinking (common among ENxP types!)

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More Global Patterns

Blank mind, watching TV Failure / disinterest response

Sensing, fine motor skills

Hyper-stimulated, learning new game

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Heres who Ive studied.

ISTJ 4 1st: Si 2nd: Te ISTP 0 Ti Se ESTP 2 Se Ti ESTJ 3 Te Si ISFJ 1 Si Fe ISFP 2 Fi Se ESFP 4 Se Fi ESFJ 2 Fe Si INFJ 4 Ni Fe INFP 5 Fi Ne ENFP 3 Ne Fi ENFJ 1 Fe Ni INTJ 2 Ni Te INTP 3 Ti Ne ENTP 3 Ne Ti ENTJ 4 Te Ni N=43

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Heres what Ive found.

Various regions do similar tasks for all of us. BUT People vary greatly in how much stimulus is needed to activate a region. Type, especially Jungs 8 cognitive processes, strongly relate to brain activity. Patterns linked with each process seen most frequently in Types with that process dominant (1st), less frequently in Types with that process in support role (2nd), and rarely seen in others. Worth further research.
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Submit your questions

Anne@russellsynergies.com.au
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Extraverted Sensing

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SE SPs 1st ESTP ESFP 2nd ISTP ISFP

Extraverted Sensing: Findings

Stimulated by active environments Engaged when observing, moving Stands up It helps me think Inefficient when sitting, pen-and-paper Global pattern of tennis-hop (ready to act) In the zone when challenged to act in the moment (e.g. role-play, dealing with crisis) More challenge more in the zone Highly capable at physical, concrete tasks Tactile and physical multitasking (e.g. juggling) even if never done before Recalling details in context Literal interpretations and concrete details

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SE SPs 1st ESTP ESFP 2nd ISTP ISFP

Extraverted Sensing: Tips

Prefer stimulating environments Provide/encourage movement Make ideas meaningful with relevant context, sensory details, physical tools Dont rely on metaphor Focus on challenges, and allow for resourceful responses to crises

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Introverted Sensing

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SI SJs 1st ISTJ ISFJ 2nd ESTJ ESFJ

Introverted Sensing: Findings

Stimulated by focusing on activities that correspond to their specific experience Can remain focused with skill on single activity they have practiced Also notable activity in region (Fp2) that monitors where we are in a process In the zone when recalling past events Recalling can send entire brain into synch Highly capable at recall and practiced tasks Recall aided by narratives, lists, categories (e.g. most skilled types at recalling birthdays of friends, memorizing strings of numbers) Learning accelerated by role-modeling, step-by-step process, asking for help, and practice

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SI SJs 1st ISTJ ISFJ 2nd ESTJ ESFJ

Introverted Sensing: Tips

Prefer low-distraction environments Need time to review experiences to get in the zone and ground new learnings in context Rely on step-by-step approaches to developing skill and provide a roadmap to track progress Learn leadership by observing a skillful rolemodel and then practicing that with correction. Recognize they may want to stay focused on one path/goal longer than you might
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Extraverted Intuiting

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NE NPs 1st ENTP ENFP 2nd INTP INFP

Extraverted iNtuition: Findings

Stimulated by
Transcontextual thinking: linking elements from seemingly unrelated situations Weighing pros-and-cons of many factors at once (region P4 more typical of NTPs)

In the zone with Christmas tree pattern (unique to NPs) Highly capable at fast, creative responses
Quick with ambiguous meanings and analogy completion Acting as if (region F7, associated with mirror neurons, more typical of NFPs)

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NE NPs 1st ENTP ENFP 2nd INTP INFP

Extraverted iNtuition: Tips

Draw upon diverse inputs for brainstorming Allow time for goals/meanings to coalesce from inputs rather than push linear process Focus on meanings and relationships between ideas, starting perhaps with metaphors and analogies May need help taking abstract and associational ideas into literal communications that will be effective with other types Encourage role-play and acting as-if
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Introverted Intuiting

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NI NJs 1st INTJ INFJ 2nd ENTJ ENFJ

Introverted iNtuition: Findings

Stimulated by
Projecting themselves into the future (T6) Also notable activity in region (Fp2) that monitors where we are in a process

In the zone when foreseeing and when solving novel problems

Imagine your life 10 years from now in as much detail as possible Listen to all areas of their brain to hear an answer

Highly capable at holistic problem-solving (involve all brain regions) yet can also focus on a specific region or task
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NI NJs 1st INTJ INFJ 2nd ENTJ ENFJ

Introverted iNtuition: Tips

Need to carve out time away from external stimulation to access rich internal processes; rest means psyche is free from inputs. Rely on physical or sensory focus (e.g. using a finger while reading text) in order to stay focused on externally-oriented informationgathering May need help communicating the factors they considered as they developed solutions to problems. Need to have techniques to use when using Intuiting isnt working and need to act fast.
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Submit your questions

Anne@russellsynergies.com.au
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Extraverted Thinking

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TE TJs 1st ESTJ ENTJ 2nd ISTJ INTJ

Extraverted Thinking: Findings

Stimulated by task under focus Highly efficient use of mental energy Majority of activity in linear, logical, and visual regions (Fp1, T3, O1) Attentive to word input, diagrams, etc. Highly capable at reaching conclusions Good with factual and numeric detail, which they tend to arrange spatially Rapidly report conclusions without mental stress (although conclusions need not be accurate or even true) ESTJs in the zone when listening to authority figures but not peers Female TJs show more diverse brain activity
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TE TJs 1st ESTJ ENTJ 2nd ISTJ INTJ

Extraverted Thinking: Tips

Like and use facts and figures, preferably using visual/spatial formats like grids Brainstorming is a non-preferred activity They are attentive to the specific words they and others say Need to invest in defining areas of strength (Do not mistake their confidence and speed for competence) Encourage TJs to take time to consider responses more thoroughly Can do decision-making for many hours.
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Introverted Thinking

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TI TPs 1st ISTP INTP 2nd ESTP ENTP

Introverted Thinking: Findings

Rely on 4 different interior regions, and each TP type focuses on a different region INTPs: define and categorize spatially, weigh pros and cons, low attention to social feedback; males are similar to TJs in efficient brain activity but with low auditory. ENTPs: weigh pros and cons, attend to social feedback, balanced brain activity across hemispheres, less efficient processes ESTPs: linear verbal reasoning (like moving along branches of a tree), motor activity, and rote memorization
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TI TPs 1st ISTP INTP 2nd ESTP ENTP

Introverted Thinking: Tips

Thought processes not linked to specific sensory inputs, so decision-making tends to be deep and detached Rely on sophisticated, complex reasoning using multiple reasoning methods Give time for TP types to make and correct mistakes/inconsistencies as they strive for high accuracy before implementing, or allow time to shift course or backtrack
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Extraverted Feeling

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FE FJs 1st ESFJ ENFJ 2nd ISFJ INFJ

Extraverted Feeling: Findings

Stimulated by social feedback and explaining decisions
Attend to how people react to them and how to respond in turn (T5) Attend to word choice in selves and others (T3) Focus more on making and explaining decisions than brainstorming

ESFJs: more motor/kinesthetic activity, mirroring others behavior (F7) ENFJs: more future projection (T6) FJs least inclined to participate say: dont want someone reading their mind
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FE FJs 1st ESFJ ENFJ 2nd ISFJ INFJ

Extraverted Feeling: Tips

FJs are attending to you, your words, and how you may be evaluating them. Even when they physically show no outward response to your reactions, their brains are likely registering your behavior and responding internally or verbally Considerations of justice/injustice and moral/ethical choices/failings are salient to them While FJs are looking for your reaction to them, they are reluctant to be read - wise to be cautious about implying you understand them fully FJs use and respond to value-laden language. Like TJs, they focus on word choice more than their tone of voice. (Voice may be steady even when very angry.) ENFJs are more visionary while ESFJs are more willing to consider what-if
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Introverted Feeling (Fi)

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FI FPs 1st ISFP INFP 2nd ESFP ENFP

Introverted Feeling: Findings

Stimulated by
Ranking of importance (F8), especially when saying words they really value and expressing values about values (more NFPs). Tone of voice over word choice (esp. SFPs) Withholding of social feedback (what is not said) rather than actual social feedback

In the zone when listening to themselves and others

Can listen attentively for a relatively long time before composing own response

IFPs use more left-brain judgment, like ITPs Discovery: ENTJs respond to negativelyframed values (incompetence, stupidity, etc)
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FI FPs 1st ISFP INFP 2nd ESFP ENFP

Introverted Feeling: Tips

Remember FPs are listening intently to you, especially for tone of voice When they are done listening, FPs may seem surprisingly definitive about decisions Speak thoughtfully, take time, dont rush Speaking to their values, especially positivelyfelt values, will increase attention Strong gradations of importance but may give circumstantial reasons (dislike vs. dont know) Withholding feedback arouses their attention; otherwise they are hard to faze (unlike FJs)
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Submit your questions

Anne@russellsynergies.com.au
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Books at Amazon.Com

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Phone apps at Apple iTunes

Personality Types
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Love Therapy
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Thank you!
More info & free assessment at: http://www.keys2cognition.com Organizations: http://www.aptinternational.org http://www.capt.org http://www.InterStrength.com Contact me at: dnardi@ucla.edu
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