Dra Miryelis Rojas C.

UFSH FACYT UC

Language is the close-fitting dress of Thought. R. C. Trench

EJERCICIO

Liquid Crystal

PROPSITO Que el estudiante considere las Claves Contextuales como elementos relevantes para el desarrollo de su comprensin lectora. PRE-LECTURA 1. A partir del ttulo, y de las palabras traducidas al margen, CON ESTAS CLAVES SOLAMENTE, responde las siguientes preguntas: Cul es el tema que est desarrollando el autor en este artculo? Qu conoces sobre ese tema? Qu aspectos podra estar mencionando el autor en relacin a ese tema? 2. Lee el siguiente resumen sobre el articulo Liquid Crystal
LIQUID CRYSTAL A liquid crystal is a substance between the solid and liquid states. Solids, liquids and gases exist depending on the different degrees of order -randomness- and energy in molecules. For example, the molecules in a crystalline solid have a large amount of order and lower kinetic energy. But an amorphous solid does not crystallize. Its molecules do not move, and they are randomly arranged within the solid. A crystalline solid exhibits a regular geometrical shape. The molecules in a liquid, in contrast, are free to move and are not oriented in a particular way. Its molecules collide with other molecules or the walls of its container. Liquids tend to deform much more easily than solids, are much more easily compressed than solids, but less easily than gases. The liquid takes the shape of its container. The liquid crystal state is a fluid state. The molecules in a liquid crystal do move, flow and take the shape of its container but differs from the liquid phase because of its viscosity and cloudiness. There are many uses for liquid crystal. The most familiar use is in liquid crystal displays (LCD) and in batteryoperated products such as watches, radios and calculators. Also forehead thermometers incorporate liquid crystal sensors. Liquid crystal structures are present in the cell membrane, the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell and in the chloroplast membrane in plants. Further research into the properties of liquid crystals properties is certain to provide even more uses for substances in this state.

ALEATORIEDAD

FORMA CHOCAN

FRONTALES

Dra Miryelis Rojas C. UFSH FACYT UC

LECTURA Lee el siguiente artculo, realiza anotaciones al margen y subraya las palabras desconocidas. Busca su significado en el diccionario bilinge. Luego agrupa esas palabras en redes semnticas (redes donde las palabras se relacionen con un propsito) mapas mentales, mandalas, o cualquier tipo de organizacin grfica. Usa tu imaginacin y creatividad. Preprate para responder las preguntas que oportunamente har el profesor en clases. (para los estudiantes que poseen bastante vocabulario deben hacer varios tipos de grficos agrupando la mayor cantidad de palabras posibles en redes).
LIQUID CRYSTAL Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. For instance, an LC may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of LC phase, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains where the LC molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water may turn into ice or steam). Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic, lyotropic and metallotropic phases. Thermotropic and lyotropic LCs consist of organic molecules. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the LC phase as temperature is changed. Lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of both temperature and concentration of the LC molecules in a solvent (typically water). Metallotropic LCs are composed of both organic and inorganic molecules; their LC transition depends not only on temperature and concentration, but also on the inorganic-organic composition ratio. Examples of liquid crystals can be found both in the natural world and in technological applications. Most modern electronic displays are liquid crystal based. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases are abundant in living systems. For example, many proteins and cell membranes are LCs. Other well-known LC examples are solutions of soap and various related detergents, as well as tobacco mosaic virus.

272 palabras

POST-LECTURA

Dra Miryelis Rojas C. UFSH FACYT UC

A. Ejercicio de Comprensin Menciona algunas caractersticas del cristal lquido, de acuerdo con la informacin contenida en el artculo. B. Ejercicios de Vocabulario a) Completa la tabla 1 con las palabras de la tabla 2 que se encuentra debajo. Trata de no usar el diccionario. TABLA 1
A liquid with some degree of ordering in the arrangement of its molecules. An elastic device, typically a spiral metal coil, that changes its former shape when pressed or pulled. To form crystals. Hit by accident when moving. A box, cylinder, or similar object for holding something or keeping things. The result of arranging things in an attractive or ordered way. Very clear. Able to flow easily. An electronic visual display in which the application of an electric current to a liquid crystal layer makes it opaque. The fact that molecules have a different degree of order.

TABLA 2
Liquid crystal display Device Spring Container Collide Fluid Liquid crystal crystalline crystallize molecule Led arrangement

b) En el prrafo siguiente hacen falta unas palabras que se encuentran entre las diversas alternativas proporcionadas a los lados del prrafo, escoge la palabra correcta en cada caso seleccionndola con una marca ( ) y escribe su
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Dra Miryelis Rojas C. UFSH FACYT UC

significado en espaol. Una misma palabra se puede repetir a lo largo del texto.
A Liquid Crystal
By On _____ _____ A liquid Crystal is considered to be more similar _____ a liquid than _______ a solid. Studies ____ liquid crystals led _____ the idea that molecules that are likely or unlikely to be a liquid crystal _____ some temperature have an elongated shape. They also must have some rigidity ____ the center ____ the molecule and flexibility ____ the ends ____ the molecule. Molecules that do not possess these characteristics are unlikely to be liquid crystals. To Of _______ _______

Above_____ At In _____ _____

Before _______ For With _______ _______

From _____ Along_____ About____ Among____

Without_______ After _______

Between______ Below ______

http://www.ecuadorciencia.org/images/quimica/cristalliquido2.jpg.

c) Observa las frases en negritas que se encuentran en las oraciones a continuacin y reescrbelas, tal como aparece en la lectura en ingls, en el espacio dado para tal fin: Un lquido no es tan ordenado como un slido. _____________________________ (expresin en ingls) Las fuerzas atrayentes en un lquido no son tan fuertes como en los slidos. _______________ (expresin en ingls) Los lquidos tienden a deformarse mucho ms fcilmente que los slidos. __________________ (expresin en ingls) 4

Dra Miryelis Rojas C. UFSH FACYT UC Los lquidos se comprimen ms fcilmente de algn modo, pero menos fcilmente que los gases. ________________________ (expresin en ingls) ________________________ (expresin en ingls)

Las LCD requieren menos energa que otros tipos de pantallas. ____________________________ (expresin en ingls)

Las propiedades de los cristales lquidos seguramente proporcionen incluso mayores usos para sustancias en ese estado. _________________________ (expresin en ingls) d) - La (s) palabra (s) o frase (s) que siguen sustituye (n) a otra (s) palabra (s) o frases en la lectura, ubcalas e interprtalas en espaol en el espacio proporcionado para tal fin: Ellas (P. 1, L. 14): _______________________ Sobre ellas (P. 1, L. 6): : _______________________ En el cual (P. 3, L. 12):: _______________________

C. Ejercicio de Gramtica
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Dra Miryelis Rojas C. UFSH FACYT UC

Observa la lista de frases tomadas de la lectura. Interprtalas en espaol y menciona a la persona, cosa o situacin que describen.
Frase que describe Ingls: inorganic Espaol: inorgnicas organic orgnicas and e Qu/a quin describe? Frase que describe Qu/a quin describe?

Ingls: Many different Espaol: muchos tipos diferentes

Types Tipos

Molecules Molculas

Respuesta: molculas orgnicas e inorgnicas diferentes

Respuesta: Muchos tipos

Frase que describe

Qu/a quin describe?

Frase que describe

Qu/a quin describe?

Crystal-like: Espaol: different optical: Espaol: polarized light : Espaol: Contrasting: Espaol: Phase: Espaol:

Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol:

Technological: Espaol: Most Espaol: many proteins and cell: Espaol: Other well-known LC: Espaol: various related: Espaol: tobacco mosaic: Espaol: modern electronic:

Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol: Ingls: Espaol:

inorganic-organic composition:
Espaol:

D. Se confirmaron tus predicciones (suposiciones o hiptesis) sobre el contenido de la lectura correspondiente a la pre lectura? Justifica tu respuesta.