Code: R7322303

R7
HEAT TRANSFER IN BIOPROCESSES
(Biotechnology)

B.Tech III Year II Semester (R07) Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2013

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks *****
1

Max Marks: 80

(a) What are the different modes of heat transfer? Give their governing equations. (b) A wall with an area of 25 m2 is made of four layers. On the inside is plaster 15 mm thick, then there is brick 100 mm thick, then insulation 60 mm thick and finally brick 100 mm thick. The thermal conductivity of plaster is 0.1 W/m K. The thermal conductivity of brick is 0.6 W/m K. The thermal conductivity of insulation is 0.08 W/m K. The inner surface temperature of the wall is 18 C and the outer is - 2 C. Calculate the heat loss and temperature at the interface between the plaster and the brick. (a) Give the classification of extended surfaces. How does an extended surface improve the design of a heat exchanger? (b) A tube of 56 mm outer diameter is insulated with a 60 mm layer of silica foam, for which the conductivity is 0.055 W/m C followed with a 36 mm layer of cork with a conductivity of 0.05 W/m C. If the temperature of the outer surface of the pipe is 120C and the temperature of the outer surface of the cork is 45 C, calculate the heat loss in watts per meter of the pipe. (a) Give the correlations for evaluating force convection heat transfer coefficient when the flow through a tube is Laminar, turbulent and transition. (b) A 20 mm diameter copper pipe is used to carry heated water, the external surface of the pipe is subjected to a convective heat transfer coefficient of h = 6 W/m2 K, find the heat loss by convection per meter length of the pipe when the external surface temperature is 80 C and the surroundings are at 20 C. (a) Write the natural convection correlations for different geometries for horizontal and vertical orientations. Give the conditions of applicability of such correlations. (b) Estimate the heat transfer from a 40 W incandescent bulb at 127 C to 27 C quiescent air. Approximate the bulb as a 50 mm diameter sphere. What percent of the power is lost by free convection? Characteristic length for a sphere is its diameter. Take coefficient 0.6 and exponent 0.25 for evaluating the Nusselt number. The required parameters at the film temperature are: Pr = 0.697, = 2.079 X 10 -5 m2/s, and k = 0.03 W/m K. Contd. in Page 2 Page 1 of 2

Code: R7322303

R7

(a) Draw the pool boiling curve. Explain the mechanism of heat transfer in the different regimes of the curve giving relevant equations. (b) A vertical square plate 30 cm by 30 cm is exposed to steam at atmospheric pressure. The plate temperature is 98 C. Calculate the heat transfer and the mass of steam condensed per hour. Properties of condensate at film temperature: = 960 kg/m3, = 2.82 X 10 -4 kg/m.s, and k = 0.68 W/m C. At atmospheric pressure, saturation temperature of steam is 100 C and hfg is 2255 kJ/kg. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a 1-1 shell and tube condenser. Label the different parts. Write the Donohue equation for finding shell side coefficient giving details of each term. (b) Benzene is cooled from 60.6 C to 21.1 C in the inner pipe of a double pipe exchanger. Cooling water flows counter currently to the benzene entering the jacket at 18.3 C and leaving at 23.9 C. The exchanger consists of an inner pipe of 7/8 inch BWG 16 copper tubing jacketed with 1 in. schedule 40 steel pipe. The linear velocity of the benzene is 1.52 m/s. Neglecting the resistance of the wall and the scale films and assuming L/D > 150 for both pipes, compute the film coefficient of benzene based on outside area of the inner pipe. The diameters of the inner tube are 18.92 mm and 22.22 mm. Properties of benzene at average fluid temperature: density 854 kg/m3, viscosity 2806 kg/m.s, thermal conductivity 0.154 W/m.C, specific heat 4.192 kJ/kg.C.

(a) Define steam economy, capacity of a single effect evaporator. What is the effect of boiling point elevation on the capacity of an evaporator? (b) A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 9000 kg/h of a 20 % solution of NaOH to 50% solids. Steam is available at 1.37 atm (g). Vapor space is maintained at 100 mm Hg. Take U as 1400 W/m2 C. Feed enters at 37 C. Calculate steam consumed, economy and the heating area required. Water boils at 52 C at 100 mm Hg. Solution boils at 92 C. Use steam tables if needed. Enthalpies of feed and thick liquor are 128 kJ/kg and 515 kJ/kg respectively. (a) Give the applications of heat transfer in bioprocessing. (b) Write notes on batch sterilization.

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