1

Applications on Molecular
Transport Equation
Lani B. Pestao
Instructor
Mass Transport
Calculate the mass flux of benzene through a
layer of air 10 mm thick at 25
o
C and 200 kN/m
2
total pressure. The partial pressure of benzene
is 6 kN/m
2
at the left side of the layer and 1
kN/m
2
at the right side. The mass diffusivity at
this temperature and pressure is 4.4x10
-6
m
2
/s.
Also express the flux in English units.
9.2 Foust
Air
C
6
H
6
T=25
o
C
P
T
=200kPa
P
A1
=6kPa
P
A2
=1kPa
1 2
Solution:
A=C
6
H
6
D= 4.4x10
-6
m
2
/s


N
A
A
= -D
dC
A
dx
Mass Transport Equation:
For gases: Express C
A
= f(P
A
)
Assume ideal gas:
RT n V P
A A
=

RT
P
V
n
A A
=

RT
P
C
A
A
=

RT
dP
dC
A
A
= In Mass Transport eqn
10 mm
Solution:

dx
dC
D
A
N
A A
=
By variable separable:

dx
dP
RT
D
A
N
A A
=

} }
=
2 A
1 A
2
1
P
P
A
x
x
A
dP
RT
D
dx
A
N

A
A
P
RT
D
dx
A
N
=
( ) ( )
1 A 2 A 1 2
A
P P
RT
D
x x
A
N
=

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1 2
2 1
x x
P P
RT
D
A
N
A A A
Solution:
Substituting given values:

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1 2
2 1
x x
P P
RT
D
A
N
A A A
( )
|
.
|

\
|

=

0 01 0
1 6
298 314 8
10 4 4
6
. .
x .
A
N
A
( )
|
.
|

\
|

=
m
kPa
K
K kmole
m kPa
s
m
A
N
A
3
2

s m
kmol
x .
A
N
A

=

2
7
10 88 8

s m
kmol
10 x 88 8
A
N
2
7 A

=

.
kmol 1
gmol 1000
x

hr ft
lbmol
10 x 54 6
A
N
2
4 A

=

.
In English units:

hr 1
s 3600
x
2
ft 1
m 3048 0
x |
.
|

\
| .
gmol 454
lbmol 1
x
Solution:
Get D at 200kPa:

D D
200kPa
g g
, . , C 25
2 3
kPa 325 101 C 25
2 3
o o T
P
T
P
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
( ) ( ) x200kPa
kPa 200 C 25
g
6
o
D 325 101 10 x 8 8
,
. . =

Case II: If D is not given

Get D from App. D-11(a) Foust
D (at 25
o
C and 1atm or 101.325kPa) = 0.088 cm
2
/s
= 8.8x10
-6
m
2
/s
D (at 25
o
C and 200kPa) = 4.45 x 10
-6
Then substitute to the Mass Transport Equation
2
Solution:
Get D at 200kPa:

D D
200kPa
g g
, K kPa . , K
T
P
T
P
298
2 3
325 101 273
2 3 |
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
( )
( )

x200KPa
2 3
200 298
2 3
6
298 273
325 101 10 7 7
/
kPa , K
g
/
D
. x .
=

Case II: If D is not given

Get D from table 2-324 Perrys
D (at 0
o
C and 1atm or 101.325kPa) = 0.077 cm
2
/s
= 7.7x10
-6
m
2
/s
D (at 25
o
C and 200kPa) = 4.45 x 10
-6
Then substitute to the Mass Transport Equation
Air
C
6
H
6
T=25
o
C
P
T
=200kPa
P
A1
=6kPa
P
A2
=1kPa
1 2
Solution:
A=C
6
H
6
D= 4.4x10
-6
m
2
/s
Case III: Find PA at 5mm
3 Ax=5mm
P
A3
=?

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
1 3
3 1
x x
P P
RT
D
A
N A A
A

} }
=
3 A
1 A
3
1
P
P
A
x
x
A
dP
RT
D
dx
A
N
( )

|
|
.
|

\
|
=

005 0
6
298 314 8
10 4 4
10 88 8
3
6
7
.
P
.
x .
x .
A
P
A3
= 3.5kPa
Another Solution:
t cons
x
P
A
tan =
A
A
005 0
6 P
01 0
6 1
3
A
. .

=

P
A3
= 3.5kPa
Mass Transport
Calculate the mass flux of methanol in water
at 77 (D=4.95x10
-5
ft
2
/hr). The concentrations
of methanol at 2 points 0.1 in. apart are 0.05
and 0.10 lb-mole/ft
3
.
9.3 Foust
Methanol in water
T=77
o
F
C
A1
=0.1 lbmol/ ft
3
C
A2
=0.05 lbmol/ ft
3
1
2
Solution:
A=Methanol
(D= 4.95x10
-5
ft
2
/hr)

dx
dC
D
A
N
A A
=
Mass Transport Equation:
0.1 in

1 2
2 1
x x
C C
D
A
N A A
A

=

ft hr
mol lb
000297 0
A
N
2
A

= .

|
|
.
|

\
|
=

12 1 0
05 0 10 0
10 95 4
5
.
. .
x .
A
N
A
Solution:
Get D at 25
o
C or 77
o
F
Case II: If D is not given
Get D from App. D-11(b) Foust
D (at 20
o
C or 68
o
F) = 1.28x10
-5
cm
2
/s
= 1.28x10
-9
m
2
/s
C 20
L
C 25
L
o o T
D
T
D
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
(at 25
o
C) = 0.97 cP
(at 20
o
C) = 1.08 cP
Get viscosities of the water at 25
o
C and 20
o
C
use 1. Table 2-318, Perrys
2. nomograph (Fig.2-32) and
For water, X=10.2 Y=13
3
10.2
13
1.08 cP
0.97 cP
To continue...
F Cor
L
F or C
o o
o o
. x D . x x .
77 25
68 20
9
298
97 0
293
08 1 10 28 1
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

D of methanol in water at 20
o
C
C 25
L
C 20
L
o o T
D
T
D
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
D (at 20
o
C )= 1.44 x 10
-9
D = 1.44 x 10
-5
cm
2
/s
2
1
100
|
.
|

\
|
m
cm
x
s
m
x
2
Or: use table 2-325 instead: D(at 25
o
C or 77
o
F) = 1.6 x 10
-5
cm
2
/s
Methanol in water
T=77
o
F
5% methanol
2.5% methanol
1
2
Case III: If data is in wt.%
A=Methanol
(D= 4.95x10
-5
ft
2
/hr)
lbmol 10 x 5625 1
32
05 0
3
= .
.
Basis: 1 lb solution
10 mm
Pt. 1: 0.05 lb methanol
Pt. 2: 0.025 lb methanol
At pt. 1: = lbmole methanol =
3
ln
0.05
lbmol
32
0.09734
1
62.3
So
n
V ft
= =
C
A1
=
Assume density of water=density of solution=62.3lb/ft
3
ln
+
methanol water
So
methanol water
wt wt
V
Density Density
=
Determine from Table 2-30:
n sol
n sol
O H n sol
m
V V
2
'
'
'

= =
lbmol 8125 7
32
025 0
4
= .
.
At pt. 2: = lbmole methanol =

ft
lbmol
04867 0
3 62
1
32
025 0
V
n
3
0 H
2
.
.
.
= =
C
A2
=
for water = 997.042 kg/m
3
or 62.3 lb/ft
3
Then use(for very dilute solutions):

1 2
2 1
x x
C C
D
A
N A A
A

=
Substitute values in:
8
th
ed: Table 1-7(Conversion):
for water = 997.042 kg/m
3
or 62.24
lb/ft
3