http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baculovirus
Baculovirus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The baculoviruses are a family of large rod-shaped viruses that can be divided to two genera: nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) and granuloviruses (GV). While GVs contain only one nucleocapsid per envelope, NPVs contain either single (SNPV) or multiple (MNPV) nucleocapsids per envelope. The enveloped virions are further occluded in granulin matrix in GVs and polyhedrin for NPVs. Moreover, GV have only single virion per granulin occlusion body while polyhedra can contain multiple embedded virions.[1] Baculoviruses have very species-specific tropisms among the invertebrates with over 600 host species having been described. Immature (larval) forms of moth species are the most common hosts, but these viruses have also been found infecting sawflies, mosquitoes, and shrimp. Although baculoviruses are capable of entering mammalian cells in culture[2] they are not known to be capable of replication in mammalian or other vertebrate animal cells. Baculoviruses contain circular double-stranded genome ranging from 80180 kbp.
Baculovirus
Contents
1 Historical influence 2 Baculovirus life cycle 3 Structure of the virion 4 Major envelope glycoprotein gp64 5 Applications 6 Biosafety 7 Taxonomy 8 Evolution 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links
Historical influence
The earliest records of baculoviruses (http://www.baculovirus.com) can be found in the literature from as early as the sixteenth century in reports of wilting disease infecting silk-producing larva. Starting in the 1940s they were used and studied widely as biopesticides in crop fields. Since the 1990s they have been utilized for producing complex eukaryotic proteins in insect cell cultures (see Sf21, High Five cells). These recombinant proteins have been used in research and as vaccines in both human and veterinary medical treatments (for example, the most widely used vaccine for prevention of H5N1 avian influenza in chickens was produced in a
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baculovirus expression vector). More recently it has been found that baculoviruses can transduce mammalian cells with a suitable promoter.[3] These medical and potential medical uses have accelerated the number of publications on baculoviruses since 1995.
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Applications
Baculovirus expression in insect cells represents a robust method for producing recombinant glycoproteins.[4][5] Baculovirus-produced proteins are currently under study as therapeutic cancer vaccines with several immunologic advantages over proteins derived from mammalian sources.[6]
Biosafety
Baculoviruses are incapable of infecting mammals and plants.[7] They have a restricted range of hosts that they can infect that is typically restricted to a limited number of closely related insect species. Because baculoviruses are not harmful to humans they are considered a safe option for use in research applications.
Taxonomy
This family has been divided into four genera: Alphabaculovirus (lepidopteran-specific
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nucleopolyhedroviruses), Betabaculovirus (lepidopteran-specific Granuloviruses), Gammabaculovirus (hymenopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses) and Deltabaculovirus (dipteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses).[8]
Evolution
Baculoviruses evolved from with the Nudiviruses 310 million years ago.[9]
See also
Cypovirus BacMam
References
1. ^ Rohrmann, George F (2011). Baculovirus Molecular Biology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49500/) (2nd ed.). Bethesda: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2. ^ Hofmann, C. (1995). "Efficient Gene Transfer into Human Hepatocytes by Baculovirus Vectors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92 (22): 10099. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.10099 (http://dx.doi.org /10.1073%2Fpnas.92.22.10099). 3. ^ Lackner, A; Genta, K; Koppensteiner, H; Herbacek, I; Holzmann, K; Spieglkreinecker, S; Berger, W; Grusch, M (2008). "A bicistronic baculovirus vector for transient and stable protein expression in mammalian cells". Analytical Biochemistry 380 (1): 1468. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.020 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ab.2008.05.020). PMID 18541133 (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541133). 4. ^ Altmann, Friedrich; Staudacher, E; Wilson, IB; Mrz, L (1999). "Insect cells as hosts for the expression of recombinant glycoproteins". Glycoconjugate Journal 16 (2): 10923. doi:10.1023/A:1026488408951 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1026488408951). PMID 10612411 (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /10612411). 5. ^ Kost, T; Condreay, JP (1999). "Recombinant baculoviruses as expression vectors for insect and mammalian cells". Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10 (5): 42833. doi:10.1016/S0958-1669(99)00005-1 (http://dx.doi.org /10.1016%2FS0958-1669%2899%2900005-1). PMID 10508635 (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10508635). 6. ^ Betting, David J.; Mu, Xi Y.; Kafi, Kamran; McDonnel, Desmond; Rosas, Francisco; Gold, Daniel P.; Timmerman, John M. (2009). "Enhanced immune stimulation by a therapeutic lymphoma tumor antigen vaccine produced in insect cells involves mannose receptor targeting to antigen presenting cells" (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC2683685). Vaccine 27 (2): 2509. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.055 (http://dx.doi.org /10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2008.10.055). PMC 2683685 (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2683685). PMID 19000731 (//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19000731). 7. ^ Ignoffo CM. (1975) Baculoviruses for Insect Pest Control: Safety Considerations, Summers M, Engler R, Falcon LA, Vail PV (eds.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, p52 8. ^ Jehle JA, Blissard GW, Bonning BC, Cory JS, Herniou EA, Rohrmann GF, Theilmann DA, Thiem SM, Vlak JM (2006) On the classification and nomenclature of baculoviruses: a proposal for revision. Arch Virol 151(7):1257-1266 9. ^ Theze, J.; Bezier, A.; Periquet, G.; Drezen, J.-M.; Herniou, E. A. (2011). "Paleozoic origin of insect large dsDNA viruses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (38): 15931. doi:10.1073/pnas.1105580108 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1105580108).
Further reading
Federici, Brian A.; Granados, Robert R. (1986). The Biology of baculoviruses. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-5988-0.
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Miller, Lois (1997). The baculoviruses. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 0-306-45641-9.
External links
Viralzone: Baculoviridae (http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/13.html) Index of Viruses - Baculoviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. BchenOsmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb /Ictv/fs_index.htm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK49500/ http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/dspace/handle/1957/9989 Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baculovirus&oldid=540315188" Categories: Biopesticides DNA viruses Insect ecology This page was last modified on 25 February 2013 at 18:11. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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