Leah Edgerton Megan Keaton ENG 112 12 April 2013 Sternberg, Robert J.

"Wisdom, Intelligence, And Creativity Synthesized: A New Model For Liberal Education." Liberal Education 95.4 (2009): 10-15. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. In this article, Robert J. Sternberg argues that in order to produce active, educated citizenry of the future, stated in the College Learning for the New Global Century, students must be able to acquire a list of skills; inquiry and analysis, ethical reasoning and action, and synthesis. Sternberg goes on to explain how each of these skills can be gained through WICS, Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized. First he explains that Traditional methods of teaching and tests normally focus on the stored knowledge a student has. What some teachers do not seem to realize is that the stored knowledge students have can also be inert and essentially unused. Sternberg explains how ones analytical skills can help students to evaluate any existing ideas they might have. Sternberg also goes through the importance of the admissions through WICS. Sternberg talks about how he used the Rainbow Project to collect data from over fifteen schools across the United States along with eight four-year colleges, five community colleges and two high schools. In the end the total number of participants was 793, just the ones who attend college. He continues to talk about the importance of WICS and the skills students need to have. In the end, Sternberg ends with WICS has provided a unified model of liberal education for admissions, instruction, and assessment (Sternberg).

Sternberg makes it very clear that he thinks creativity in schools is very important. Sternberg invented the Kaleidoscope project which is closely related to The Rainbow project. He goes on to explain how the Kaleidoscope project differed from the SAT and the Rainbow project. The article seems to state a lot of information on standardized testing and how it affects creativity. WICS seemed to play a big role in the article, which means Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized. The article makes me question if Sternberg is straying off the importance of creativity in schools and talking about standardized testing. This article was interesting to read. Sternberg stated all sorts of different types of testing used to help find a college and have success. This article helped me to understand the different styles of testing and how the outcomes are all different. I believe that this article may be able to help me when referring to testing styles. Quote 1: One cannot think creatively to go beyond what is known. Quote 2: I argue that these are the principal skills that colleges need to develop in order to produce the active, educated citizenry of the future. Quote 3: Good teachers use a variety of teaching methods to accommodate the diverse learning styles of their students any student taught in the way that is responsive to his or her patters of abilities can excel.

Gibson, Robyn. "The 'Art' Of Creative Teaching: Implications For Higher Education." Teaching In Higher Education 15.5 (2010): 607-613. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. In this article, Robyn Gibson states that she will argue for the value of creative teaching as opposed to transmissive pedagogy. Gibson goes through four parts of important information about creativity. First she defines creativity as, a mystical phenomenon (Gibson). She also says that creativity has to be viewed as a subversive act since it disturbs and disrupts existing patterns of thought (Florida 2002). Gibson then transitions to creativity and higher education. She discusses how Bourner and Flowers talk about the time when academics in higher education could copy teaching methods that they had also experienced as students is slowly coming to an end. They believe that it is mainly due to the falling resources of each student and rise in the focus on teaching and developments in the technologies used to communicate. Thirdly, Gibson talks about creative teaching. She says that creative teaching requires an openness to experience, a willingness to take risks and healthy amounts of flexibility, spontaneity and open-mindness (Ewing and Gibson 2007). Lastly she talks about creative strategies. She explains that Amabile (1989) competition, restricted choices conforming pressures, evaluation, frequent failures and rote learning can easily destroy creativity in any educational setting. Throughout this article, Gibson is stating the importance of creativity in schools and how it is necessary to teach it. In the end, the whole article debates about the importance of higher education and how it should be used. She states that she is very sure that creativity is often looked down upon. This article focuses on how creativity should be taught instead of human pedagogy. Gibson wants to ensure that the readers understand that creativity is not always looked at as just painting or having an artsy teacher. She is explaining specifically that creativity is often viewed

as a mystical phenomenon. The article also reassures that in order to have creativity it is important to gain self-assurance and the ability to take risks. I enjoyed reading this article, particularly because of how I can relate, as a creative person, to what Gibson is saying. One line that stood out the most to me is when she says creativity cannot be switched on and off at predetermined times (Gibson). I learned that creativity is important on many certain levels. But without self-assurance and the ability to take risks, creativity is useless. Quote 1: Imagination is more important that knowledge. Albert Einstein Quote 2: Like teaching, creativity must be viewed as a subversive act since it disturbs

and disrupts existing patters of thought. Quote 3: Creativity cannot be switched on and off at predetermined times.

Wince-Smith, Deborah L. "The Creativity Imperative: A National Perspective." Peer Review 8.2 (2006): 12-14. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.

In this article, Deborah explains that her interests lie in the connections between creativity and national prosperity. She goes on to explain that creativity is important and crucial for all fields of business and future jobs. In the article, Deborah explains how creativity is not just fun and games all the time. In America alone, creativity is the single greatest comparative advantage in an increasingly competitive global marketplace (Debora Wince-Smith). In the United States, we employ almost one third of all science and engineering researchers, hold up to forty percent of the global research and development spending, and publish 35 percent of all scientific articles. Deborah states that innovation has changed tremendously in the last century. In order to be successful in your future job, people not only need to understand their field of work, but they also need to understand the importance of how to use creativity, such as arts, humanities and social sciences. This article explains the world should start to focus more on what they do best, and that is to innovate. Innovate- generating new ideas, design new products, deliver sophisticated services, and introduce new business strategies. Americans do this better than anyone else in the world. While in the process of this article, it was clear that it was about the innovating race and how creativity has changed in the last couple of years. Innovate is defined as ever changing, a new way to look at things or a new way to change things up. This article was different from any other article I have read. I like how she says that creativity is important to have in order to be successful in the future. Other than that, I really enjoyed this article. I learned that creativity is important in so many different forms and can be used not only in the classroom but also outside, and in work situations and also on your own time.

Quote 1: Creativity may be about gun and games, but it is also Americas single greatest comparative advantage in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. Quote 2: As the complexity of technology increases, we also see that innovation is becoming more collaborative. Quote 3: Our research indicates that innovation has changed tremendously from the days of large industrial research laboratories and ivory tower universities.

Wright, Susan. The Arts, Young Children, and Learning. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2003. Print.

From the article reviewed in The Arts, Young Children, and Learning the article about Intelligence and Knowledge was a great article to write this bibliography. Wright explains the importance of creativity and how different people respond in different ways of how they use creativity. Wright states that Sternberg and Lubart (1995) describe three roles of intelligence in the development of creativity Synthetic Intelligence, Analytical Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence. Wright explains how Sternberg and Lubart explain the importance and the role of all three of these skills. First, in Synthetic Intelligence, Wright describes that Synthetic Intelligence involves insightful information processes (Sternberg and Lubart.) Next is Analytical Intelligence; this involves recognizing which new ideas are good, and knowing how to structure ideas and problems appropriately (Sternberg and Lubart.) Lastly there is Practical Intelligence. This involves using feedback from others in a positive way-knowing how to react to the feedback, deciding whether the criticism is worth considering, and deciding what changes will be optimal to meet and the judgments of others (Sternberg and Lubart.) Wright is trying to make it so that the readers understand the importance of creativity. Wright does an extremely good job with explaining how creative people work and see past the knowledge of things. Wright explains one of the most important quotes in this article. Knowledge can straitjacket someone, making the person a slave rather than a master of his or her knowledge or point of view (Wright.) She states, for example, that a psychologist who bases an understanding of a field in truth may have difficulty in accepting the subjective reality (Wright.) I felt that this article was extremely useful for my topic. Creative people are usually different when it comes to their thinking styles and how they adapt around certain problems,

people, etc. I didnt have to hard of a time finding quotes that were interesting to me and could help me to make my point in my future papers.

Quote #1: Knowledge can straitjacket someone making the person a slave rather than a master of his or her knowledge or point of view.

Quote #2: Creative vision involves not only knowledge but also a willingness to see past it.

Quote #3: approaches to creativity involve range of thinking and a variety of thinking styles.

Mishra, Punya, and Danah Henriksen. "Rethinking Technology & Creativity In The 21St Century: On Being In-Disciplined." Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning 56.6 (2012): 18-21. Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. In this article Mishra explains the importance between not only creativity being taught in schools but also technology being taught in schools. Mishra talks about the importance of both technology and creativity in education (Mishra) is and how complex it is. At the beginning of the article, Mishra talks about myths that have been around forever. Mishra lists two myths and

describes both in extreme detail. Myth 1: The technology tools we have today should drive how we conceptualize teaching and learning in the 21st century (Mishra.) Discussions in school nowa-days tend to focus on the news and most improved technology item that has been made. In todays so society, products such as the iPhone, iPad, Mac book, etc. We depend on more than anything else. Myth 2: Creativity can be taught in a content neutral manner (Mishra.) This myth states that if technology has advanced on the forefront of 21st century learning discussions, then creativity has its partner in crime (Mishra). This article explains the differences and the importance of technology and creativity in schools. Not only is it important to have creativity in schools, but it is also important to teach it in the class room as well. Creativity deserves to be taught just the same as technology in schools is taught. I believe this article was a little hard for me to understand and to follow. Over all, feel this article was good and made its point. Creativity and Technology both are equally important when it comes down to teaching it in the school system. One or the other should not simply be looked over because of the way one person feels. Each of these topics is as important as the other. Quote 1: The field of education has been chrono-centric in its view of technology. Quote 2: Creativity is a concept that has generally been considered illstructured, a fizzy zone that is not well defined and hard for many people to grasp.

Quote 3: New technologies have had an immense impact on the how we live, work and communicate.