Photovoltaik

Electrical Safety of PV installation
Standards Requirements Earth fault protection
Dipl.-Ing. W. Bender GmbH&Co.KG 35305 Grnberg Germany www.bender-de.com Fxxx / 09.2005 nderungen vorbehalten
Basics
PV Systems from tens of W to multi MW Voltages from 12 V to 600 V and more Earthed and unearthed arrays Earthed and unearthed array frames Transformer and inverter isolation: 50 Hz Transformers Transformerless HF transformer Provide electrical safety for General public Informed workers (e.g. electricans) Emergeny workers
Standards
International (IEC) for installations IEC 60364-7-712:2002-05 Electrical installations of buildings Part 7-712: Requirements for special installations or locations Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems Technical specifications IEC TS 62257-7-1:2006-12 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 7-1: Generators Photovoltaic arrays Technical specifications IEC 62257-5:2005-07 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 5: Protection against electrical hazards International (IEC) for PV inverters IEC 62109-1 Ed.1: IEC 62109-1 Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 1: General requirements IEC 62109-2 Ed.1: Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters
Standards
USA UL 1741:1999-05-07 Static inverters and charge controllers for use in photovoltaic power systems IEEE Std 929-2000 Recommended Practice for Utility-interface of Photovoltaic Systems NEC 690 Grid-connected Photovoltaic systems Other documentations IEA International energy agenca / www.iea.org Report IEA PVPS T05-04:2001 PV System Installation and Grid-Interconnection Guidlines in selected IEC countries Report IEC-PVPS T05-05:2002 Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Survey of inverter and related protection equipment
Definitions according to IEC 60364-7-712 / DIN VDE 0100-712
PV system concept
String inverter Zentralised inverter
PV systems today
Small PV systems Transformerless inverter Application circuit earthed Insulation monitoring or residual current monitoring
Big PV systems Transformerless inverters Application circuit medium voltage via transformer Insulation monitoring
Possible PV System Configurations
Array circuit (DC side) unearthed Inverter with transformer Application circuit earthed
Array circuit (DC side) unearthed Transformerless inverter Application circuit earthed
Possible PV System Configurations
Array circuit (DC side) unearthed Inverter with transformer Application circuit unearthed
Array circuit (DC side) unearthed Inverter with transformer Application circuit unearthed
Possible System Configurations
10
General philosophy
Safety
People
wire selection & installation class II earth fault protection earthing requirements equipment requirements
Equipment
disconnecting means emergency shutdown and alarm
Overcurrent Overvoltage
marking documentation
11
Earthing arrangement of PV arrays
Unearthed Isolated and Safe First fault no current but then earthed Earthed Shock risk First fault Fault current Shock risk same Class II insulation for larger system
12
Possible earthing arrangements
Non earthed
Negative earthed
Centre tap earthed
Capacitively Coupled centre tap earth

13
Possible protective measures (add. to IEC 60364-4-41)
IEC 60364-7-712 / DIN VDE 0100-712 712.312.2 Earthing of DC side is permitted if separation between AC and DC side 712.411.1 Protection by SELV / PELV max. DC 120 V 712.413.1 Protection by automatic disconnection On AC side, the PV supply cable shall be connected to the supply side of the protective device for automatic disconnection of circuits supplying current-using equipment PV system without separation between AC and the DC side an RCD installed to provide fault protection by automatic disconnection of supply shall be type B Protection by us of class II or equivalent insulation shoud preferable be adopted on the DC side 712.522.8.3 PV string cables, PV array cables and PV DC main cables shall be selected and erected so as to minimize the risk of earth faults and short circuits 712.536.2.1.1 To allow maintenance of the PV inverter, means of isolating PV inverter from the DC side and the AC side shall be provided.
14
Big PV system
Array circuit unearthed (IT system) with insulation monitoring
Sensivity (M) 36 / A where A is the PV array area in m2
15
A-ISOMETER IRDH275 with coupling unit AGH150W
16
A-ISOMETER IRDH275 in String
17
Earth fault protection for earthed PV array / earthed
Inverter with separating transformer, array and application circuit earthed
18
Earth fault protection for transformerless inverters (SMA)
Transformerless inverter, application circuit earthed
19
Thank you
Dipl.-Ing. W. Bender GmbH&Co.KG Londorfer Strae 65 35305 Grnberg Germany Telefon: +49-(0)6401/807-0 Fax: +49-(0)6401/807-259 Email: info@bender-de.com
20

Photovoltaik

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Photovoltaik

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Electrical Safety of PV installation

Standards Requirements Earth fault protection

Definitions according to IEC 60364-7-712 / DIN VDE 0100-712

Possible PV System Configurations

Possible PV System Configurations

Possible System Configurations

disconnecting means emergency shutdown and alarm

Earthing arrangement of PV arrays

Possible earthing arrangements

Centre tap earthed

Capacitively Coupled centre tap earth

Possible protective measures (add. to IEC 60364-4-41)

Array circuit unearthed (IT system) with insulation monitoring

Sensivity (M) 36 / A where A is the PV array area in m2

A-ISOMETER IRDH275 with coupling unit AGH150W

Array circuit unearthed (IT system) with insulation monitoring

A-ISOMETER IRDH275 in String

Array circuit unearthed (IT system) with insulation monitoring

Earth fault protection for earthed PV array / earthed

Inverter with separating transformer, array and application circuit earthed

Earth fault protection for transformerless inverters (SMA)

Transformerless inverter, application circuit earthed

Anda mungkin juga menyukai