VARIETY OF LIVING THINGS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

1. The living things found on Earth are __________________________________

2. A living thing is known as an _________________________.
3. Animals and plants have various ________________________________
4. The differences that exist between the same species of living things are called
__________________________
Habitat of living things
1. A habitat is the ___________________________________________________ not
included _______________________________
2. Different animals and plants live in different habitats.

Classification of animals based on common characteristics

1. Animals can be classified based on _______________________________.
2. Examples of classification of animals based on their ________________ and their
____________________________are shown on the next page.

Classification of plants based on common characteristics

1. Plants are also classified based on their __________________________.
2. Examples of the classification of plants based on _________________________________
_____________________________________________________ are shown on the next page.

Constructing a system of classification

1. A _____________________________________________________________ is used to classify organism.
2__________________________________________________________ are used in the identification key.
3. At each instance, a pair of _______________________________________________________ are used.
4. The identification key is constructed following two ways to identify the following animals.

(a) Chart form

(b) Using statements

1. With wings ................................................. see ( 2 )
Without wings ............................................ see ( 3 )
2. Segmented body ........................................ Bee
Unsegmented body .................................... see ( 4 )
3. With legs .................................................... Cat
No legs ....................................................... see ( 5 )
4. With feathers .............................................. Eagle
No feathers ................................................. Bat
5. Has hard shell ............................................. Garden snail
No shell ...................................................... Snake

System of classification of animals

Animals can be classified into two groups :
(a) ____________________________________________________
(b) _________________________________________________________________
Invertebrates
1. Invertebrates are animals which _______________________________________
2. Invertebrates make up the ___________________________ of animals in the world
3. Most invertebrates live in the ____________________________.
4. Some invertebrates have a _____________________________________________ for
__________________ like the _________________ and the ________________.
5. Some invertebrates have _____________________________________ using their ___________________
for support like the ______________________ and ________________________.
6. Generally, invertebrates can be classified into two groups, that is
(a) _____________________________
(b) __________________________

Vertebrates
1. Vertebrates are _________________________________________.
2. _________________________ vertebrates ( homoiothermic ) have ______________ body temperatures,
_________________________ vertebrates ( poikilothermic ) have body temperatures that __________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Vertebrates can be divided into five main groups:

Unusual characteristics of some mammals

1. Bats 2. Whales and dolphins
3. Anteaters 4. Platypus
5. Porcupines

System of classification of plants

1. Plants can be classified into two main groups, i.e. _________________________________________.
2. Flowering plants are divided into ________________________________________________

Flowering plants
1. This type of plant produces _____________________________________________________________.
The flowers normally become ________________________.
2. This type of plant produces ________________________________________________.
3. Flowering plants can be divided into ___________________________________________________.
4. Examples of dicotyledons are rubber _____________________________________________________
5. Characteristics of a dicotyledons are shown below.

6. Examples of monocotyledons are _____________________________________________

7. Characteristics of monocotyledons are shown below.

Non-flowering plants
1. Non-flowering plants ________________________________________________________________
2. These plants reproduce ____________________________________________________________
3. Non-flowering plants are divided into four groups, i.e. :
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

VARIETY OF LIVING THINGS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

1. The living things found on Earth are humans, animals and plants.
2. A living thing is known as an organism.
3. Animals and plants have various shapes, sizes and habitats.

4. The differences that exist between the same species of living things
are called variations.
Habitat of living things
1. A habitat is the neutral place where a living thing lives
Not included: cage, house, farm, stable, chicken coop.
2. Different animals and plants live in different habitats.

Classification of
animals based on common characteristics
1. Animals can be classified based on common characteristics.
2. Examples of classification of animals based on their habitats and
their breathing organs

Classification of plants based on common characteristics

1. Plants are also classified based on their common characteristics.
2. Examples of the classification of plants based on habitat, type of stem,
and method of reproduction

Constructing a system of classification

1. A dichotomus key of identification is used to classify organism.
2. Pairs of opposite characteristics are used in the identification key.
3. At each instance, a pair of opposite characteristics are used.
4. The identification key is constructed following two ways to identify the following animals.

(a) Chart form

(b) Using statements

1. With wings ................................................. see ( 2 )
Without wings ............................................ see ( 3 )
2. Segmented body ........................................ Bee
Unsegmented body .................................... see ( 4 )
3. With legs .................................................... Cat
No legs ....................................................... see ( 5 )
4. With feathers .............................................. Eagle
No feathers ................................................. Bat
5. Has hard shell ............................................. Garden snail
No shell ...................................................... Snake
System of classification of animals
Animals can be classified into two groups :
(a) Invertebrates ( animals without back-bones )
(b) Vertebrates ( animals with backbones )
Invertebrates
1. Invertebrates are animals which do not have backbones.
2. Invertebrates make up the most number of animals in the world.
3. Most invertebrates live in the water.
4. Some invertebrates have a hard external skeleton for protection like the crab and the beetle.
5. Some invertebrates have soft bodies using their body fluids for support like the earthworms
and leeches.
6. Generally, invertebrates can be classified into two groups, that is
(a) with jointed legs
(b) without jointed legs

Vertebrates
1. Vertebrates are animals with backbones.
2. Warm-blooded vertebrates ( homoiothermic ) have fixed body temperatures,
cold-blooded vertebrates ( poikilothermic ) have body temperatures that change
according to the temperature of their surroundings.
3. Vertebrates can be divided into five main groups, which are fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals as shown below :

Unusual characteristics of some mammals

1. Bats - have wings and fly like birds
2. Whales and dolphins - live in water like fish.
3. Anteaters - lay eggs, have dry scales on their bodies like reptiles.
4. Platypus - lay eggs and have beaks like ducks
5. Porcupines - the body is covered with spines for protection
System of classification of plants
1. Plants can be classified into two main groups, i.e. flowering plants
and non-flowering plants.
2. Flowering plants are divided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons.

Flowering plants
1. This type of plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits. The flowers normally become fruits.
2. This type of plant produces flowers for reproduction.
3. Flowering plants can be divided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
4. Examples of dicotyledons are rubber trees, durian trees, hibiscus plants and rambutan trees.
5. Characteristics of a dicotyledons are shown below.

6. Examples of monocotyledons are paddy plant, maize plant, grass and oil palm.
7. Characteristics of monocotyledons are shown below.

Nonflowering plants
1. Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers, fruits and seeds.
2. These plants reproduce by spores or binary fission.
3. Non-flowering plants are divided into four groups, i.e. :
(a) algae
(c) fungus
(b) moss
(d) ferns