10.

35 a) The equation from NIST is: Mi = ki yi P The equation for Henry's Law is: xi Hi = yi P Solving to eliminate P gives: By definition:
Mi Hi

Eq. (1) Eq. (2) Eq. (3)

Mi

ni ns Ms

ki xi

where M is the molar mass and the subscript s refers to the solvent. xi xs Ms Eq. (4)

Dividing by the toal number of moles gives: Mi = Combining Eqs. (3) and (4) gives: Hi = 1 xs Ms ki

If xi is small, then x s is approximately equal to 1 and: Hi = b) For water as solvent: Ms := 18.015 For CO2 in H2O: gm mol mol ki := 0.034 kg bar 1 Ms ki
Hi

1 Ms ki

Eq. (5)

By Eq. (5):

Hi

:=

= 1633 bar Ans.

The value is Table 10.1 is 1670 bar. The values agree within about 2%.

10.36 Acetone:

14.3145

2756.22 T degC +228.060

Psat1 ( T) := e
14.8950

kPa

3413.10 T degC +250.523

Acetonitrile

Psat2 ( T) := e

kPa

a) Find BUBL P and DEW P values T := 50degC x1 := 0.5 y1 := 0.5

333

BUBLP := x1 Psat1 ( T) + ( 1 x1) Psat2 ( T) DEWP := 1 y1 Psat1 ( T) +

BUBLP = 0.573 atm Ans. DEWP = 0.478 atm Ans.

( 1 y1)
Psat2 ( T)

At T = 50 C two phases will form between P = 0.478 atm and 0.573 atm b) Find BUBL T and DEW T values P := 0.5atm Given x1 := 0.5 y1 := 0.5 Guess: T := 50degC x1 Psat1 ( T) + ( 1 x1) Psat2 ( T) = P BUBLT = 46.316 degC Ans.

BUBLT := Find ( T) Given x1 Psat1 ( T) = y1 P

( 1 x1) Psat2 (T) = ( 1 y1) P

DEWT = 51.238 degC Ans.

x1 := Find ( x1 , T) DEWT

At P = 0.5 atm, two phases will form between T = 46.3 C and 51.2 C

10.37 Calculate x and y at T = 90 C and P = 75 kPa

13.7819 2726.81 T degC +217.572

Benzene:

Psat1 ( T) := e
13.9320

kPa

3056.96 T degC +217.625

Toluene:

Psat2 ( T) := e

kPa

a) Calculate the equilibrium composition of the liquid and vapor at the flash T and P T := 90degC P := 75kPa Guess: x1 := 0.5 y1 := 0.5

334

Given

x1 Psat1 ( T) = y1 P

( 1 x1) Psat2 (T) = ( 1 y1) P

y1 = 0.458

x1 := Find ( x1 , y1) y 1

x1 = 0.252

The equilibrium compositions do not agree with the measured values. b) Assume that the measured values are correct. Since air will not dissolve in the liquid to any significant extent, the mole fractions of toluene in the liquid can be calculated. x1 := 0.1604 y1 := 0.2919 x2 := 1 x1 x2 = 0.8396

Now calculate the composition of the vapor. y3 represents the mole fraction of air in the vapor. Guess: Given y2 := 0.5 y3 := 1 y2 y1

( 1 x1) Psat2 (T) = ( 1 y1 y3) P

y2 := Find ( y2 , y3) y 3
y2 = 0.608 y3 = 0.1

y1 + y2 + y3 = 1

Ans.

Conclusion: An air leak is consistent with the measured compositions.

10.38 yO21 := 0.0387 ndot := 10 kmol hr

yN21 := 0.7288 T1 := 100degC

16.3872 3885.70 T degC +230.170

yCO21 := 0.0775 yH2O1 := 0.1550 T2 := 25degC P := 1atm

PsatH2O ( T) := e

kPa

335

Calculate the mole fraction of water in the exit gas if the exit gas is saturated with water. yH2O2 := PsatH2O ( T2) P yH2O2 = 0.0315

This is less than the mole fraction of water in the feed. Therefore, some of the water will condense. Assume that two streams leave the process: a liquid water stream at rate ndotliq and a vapor stream at rate ndotvap. Apply mole balances around the cooler to calculate the exit composition of the vapor phase. Guess: ndotvap := ndot 2 ndotliq := ndot 2 yCO22 := 0.0775 Overall balance O2 balance N2 balance CO2 balance Summation equation

yO22 := 0.0387 Given

yN22 := 0.7288

ndot = ndotliq + ndotvap ndot yO21 = ndotvap yO22 ndot yN21 = ndotvap yN22 ndot yCO21 = ndotvap yCO22 yO22 + yN22 + yCO22 + yH2O2 = 1

ndotliq ndotvap yO22 := Find ( ndot , ndot , yO2 , yN2 , yCO2 ) liq vap 2 2 2 yN22 yCO22
ndotliq = 1.276 yO22 = 0.044 kmol hr ndotvap = 8.724 kmol hr yH2O2 = 0.031

yN22 = 0.835
336

yCO22 = 0.089

Apply an energy balance around the cooler to calculate heat transfer rate. HlvH2O := 40.66 kJ mol T1 := T1 + 273.15K T2 := T2 + 273.15K
3

Qdot := ndotvap yO22 R ICPH T1 , T2 , 3.639 , 0.506 10

) ... 3 5 + ndotvap yN22 R ICPH ( T1 , T2 , 3.280 , 0.539 10 , 0 , 0.040 10 ) ... 3 5 + ndotvap yCO22 R ICPH ( T1 , T2 , 5.457 , 1.045 10 , 0 , 1.157 10 ) ... 3 5 + ndotvap yH2O2 R ICPH ( T1 , T2 , 3.470 , 1.450 10 , 0 , 0.121 10 ) ...
, 0 , 0.227 10
5

+ HlvH2O ndotliq Ans.

Qdot = 19.895 kW

10.39 Assume the liquid is stored at the bubble point at T = 40 F Taking values from Fig 10.14 at pressure: xC3 := 0.05 xC4 := 0.85 xC5 := 0.10 KC3 := 3.9 KC4 := 0.925 KC5 := 0.23 P := 18psia Ans.

The vapor mole fractions must sum to 1. xC3 KC3 + xC4 KC4 + xC5 KC5 = 1.004

337

10.40 H2S + 3/2 O2 -> H2O + SO2 By a stoichiometric balance, calculate the following total molar flow rates Feed: Products ndotH2S := 10 kmol hr ndotO2 := 3 ndotH2S 2

ndotSO2 := ndotH2S

ndotH2O := ndotH2S
16.3872 3885.70 T degC +230.170

Exit conditions: P := 1atm T2 := 70degC

PsatH2O ( T) := e

kPa

a) Calculate the mole fraction of H2O and SO2 in the exiting vapor stream assuming vapor is saturated with H2O yH2Ovap := PsatH2O ( T2) P yH2Ovap = 0.308 ySO2 = 0.692 Ans. Ans.

ySO2 := 1 yH2Ovap

b) Calculate the vapor stream molar flow rate using balance on SO 2 ndotvap := ndotSO2 ySO2 ndotvap = 14.461 kmol hr Ans.

Calculate the liquid H2O flow rate using balance on H2O ndotH2Ovap := ndotvap yH2Ovap ndotH2Oliq := ndotH2O ndotH2Ovap ndotH2Ovap = 4.461 ndotH2Oliq = 5.539 kmol hr

kmol Ans. hr

338

10.41 NCL := 0.01

kg kg Mair MH2O

MH2O := 18.01 YH2O = 0.0161 yH2O = 0.0158 ppH2O := yH2O P

16.3872 3885.70 T degC +230.170

gm mol

Mair := 29

gm mol

a)

YH2O := NCL yH2O :=

YH2O 1 + YH2O

Ans. ppH2O = 1.606 kPa Ans.

b)

P := 1atm

c)

PsatH2O ( T) := e Given Tdp = 14.004 degC

kPa

Guess:

T := 20degC

yH2O P = PsatH2O ( T) Tdp := Tdp + 32degF

Tdp := Find ( T) Tdp = 57.207 degF Ans.

10.42 ndot1 := 50

kmol hr
16.3872

Tdp1 := 20degC
3885.70 T degC +230.170

Tdp2 := 10degC

P := 1atm

MH2O := 18.01 kPa y2 := PsatH2O ( Tdp2) P

PsatH2O ( T) := e y1 := PsatH2O ( Tdp1) P

gm mol

y1 = 0.023

y2 = 0.012

By a mole balances on the process Guess: ndot2liq := ndot1 ndot2vap := ndot1

339

Given

ndot1 y1 = ndot2vap y2 + ndot2liq ndot1 = ndot2vap + ndot2liq

H2O balance Overall balance

ndot2liq := Find ( ndot2liq , ndot2vap) ndot 2vap

ndot2vap = 49.441 kmol hr ndot2liq = 0.559 kmol hr kg hr Ans.

mdot2liq := ndot2liq MH2O

mdot2liq = 10.074

10.43 Benzene: Cyclohexane:

A1 := 13.7819 A2 := 13.6568 B1

B1 := 2726.81 B2 := 2723.44

C1 := 217.572 C2 := 220.618

Psat1 ( T) := exp A1

T + C1 degC B2

kPa

Psat2 ( T) := exp A2

T + C2 degC

kPa

Guess: T := 66degC Given Psat1 ( T) = Psat2 ( T) T := Find ( T)

The Bancroft point for this system is: Psat1 ( T) = 39.591 kPa T = 52.321 degC Ans.

Component 1 Benzene 2-Butanol Acetonitrile

Component 2 Cyclohexane Water Ethanol

T ( C) 52.3 87.7 65.8

P (kPa) 39.6 64.2 60.6

340