Department of Solid Mechanics

Course Notes
Hllfasthetslra Vk MHA100 Fatigue and Fracture Analysis MHA140
School of Civil Engineering Period II 1998

General
Additional and updated information about the course will be posted on the homepage of the course: http://www.solid.chalmers.se/anek/teaching/fatfract/

Teachers
Peter Mller Anders Ekberg

phone home E-mail

772 15 05 12 64 27 moller@solid.chalmers.se

772 34 80 703 44 76 anek@solid.chalmers.se

The division of Solid Mechanics is situated at the new M-building on Hrsalsvgen and can be reached by phone fax E-mail URL 772 15 00 772 38 27 birjo@solid.chalmers.se http://www.solid.chalmers.se

Goals

Within the eld of fatigue and fracture mechanics, the goal of the course is to Give an understanding of phenomena and theories. Provide an orientation on classical and modern methods and design criteria.

Hllfasthetslra Vk / Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

Teach basic numerical methods of design. Serve as an introduction for possible further studies. Give a brief introduction to current research trends in the area. After completed course, the participants should have a good foundation for industrial fracture and fatigue design, as well as a basis for continued studies.

Literature

Peter W. Mller: Introductory Lecture Notes on Fracture Mechanics, CTH Solid Mechanics (15 SEK) Compendium in Fracture Mechanics (50 SEK); (compiled by Tore Dahlberg) Dahlberg, Ekberg, Mller: Exercises in Fracture and Fatigue Analysis, CTH Solid Mechanics U74 (20 SEK) Tore Dahlberg: Material Fatigue, CTH Solid Mechanics U61 (40 SEK) Anders Ekberg: Fatigue a Survey, 2nd Edition, CTH Solid Mechanics U67 (25 SEK)

Program

The course is divided into two main parts, viz. FATIGUE ANALYSIS and FRACTURE MECHANICS. Although each of these topics may be studied independent from each other, there are some natural connections. Lectures and exercises are separated in the course program, some numerical examples may be provided in the lectures.

Examination

A written examination, embracing of ve problems, is given December 16. The problems may consist of numerical as well as theoretical parts. The means of assistance that are allowed at the exam are All the literature listed above except for the problems collection. Handbooks and mathematical tables. This also includes textbooks on solid and structural mechanics, but no textbooks on fatigue and fracture (except for the textbooks listed above). Dictionaries. A calculator in one single unit and without external communication. Distributed copies of slides etc. This does not include distributed solved examples! Minor notes, but no solved problems, in the listed material are allowed as well. If there are any questions regarding allowed means of assistance, please contact a teacher prior to the exam.

COURSE NOTES

Hllfasthetslra Vk / Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

Program
The course embrace 14 lectures and 14 exercises; 7 lectures and 6 exercises are devoted to fracture mechanics and another 7 lectures and 6 exercises treat fatigue. By the end of the course, about 1 week before the examination, 2 exercises are dedicated to repetition. Lectures take place in lecture hall VH, while exercises are conducted in V12 and V13 - any changes will be announced during the course.

Fracture Mechanics
LECTURE 1 Introduction to the course with emphasis on fracture mechanics
Mechanisms of failure Equations of elasticity Principal stress; Mohrs circle Effective stress Energy and work Tensor notation

LECTURE 2

Stress concentrations at voids and cracks

Mohrs criteria for brittle fracture Stress concentration factors Stress intensity factors modes of loading

LECTURE 3

Stress intensity factors part I

Detailed study of mode III loading Mode I and II solutions The stress intensity factor as a failure criterion

EXCERCISE 1

Equilibrium Mohrs criterion for brittle failure Strain energy

LECTURE 4

Stress intensity factors part II

Limitations of LFEM (Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics) Superposition Mixed loading mode Methods to determine stress intensity factors

EXCERCISE 2

Stress concentration Stress at crack tip

COURSE NOTES

Hllfasthetslra Vk / Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

LECTURE 5

Energy and energy balance

Surface energy Potential and strain energy Strain energy release rate G The Grifth energy balance Stable and unstable crack growth Relation between G and stress intensity factors Superposition revisited Methods to determine G

EXCERCISE 3

Stress intensity factors

LECTURE 6

Correction for small scale yielding (ssy)

Irwins approach The Dugdale model Plastic zone size and shape Limitation of LFEM revisited Size effects

EXCERCISE 4

Surface energy Energy balance Strain energy release rate

LECTURE 7

Introduction to non-linear (elastic-plastic) fracture mechanics

Crack tip opening displacement The CTOD criterion The Jintegral and its relation to strain energy release rate

Fatigue
LECTURE 8 Introduction to fatigue analysis
Fatigue?!? History of fatigue Fatigue design philosophy An overview of fatigue design methods Complicating factors Dynamic loading EXCERCISE 5 (FRACTURE MECHANICS) Irwin correction Plastic zone and the Dugdale model

LECTURE 9

High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Design part I

Underlying philosophy and physics

COURSE NOTES

Hllfasthetslra Vk / Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

The Haigh diagram Finite / innite fatigue life The Whler curve Limitations and difculties EXCERCISE 6 (FRACTURE MECHANICS) Crack tip opening displacement The Jintegral

LECTURE 10

High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Design part II

Multiaxial loading complications Equivalent stress approaches Limited fatigue life in multiaxial loading Limitations and difculties

EXCERCISE 7

HCF design

LECTURE 11

Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) Design

Underlying philosophy and physics Morrow design rule Cofn Manson design rule Multiaxial LCF Limitations and difculties

EXCERCISE 8

HCF design

LECTURE 12

Fatigue Crack Propagation part I

Underlying philosophy and physics Crack growth at cyclic loading Design against failure due to crack growth Basic analysis of crack growth rate Limitations and difculties

EXCERCISE 9

LCF design

LECTURE 13

Fatigue Crack Propagation part II

Inuence of load magnitude Crack closure and arrestment Variable amplitude loading Short and long cracks Crack Growth Threshold Multiaxial Loading Limitations and difculties

COURSE NOTES

Hllfasthetslra Vk / Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

EXCERCISE 10 EXCERCISE 11

LCF design Fatigue crack propagation

LECTURE 14

Concluding remarks of fatigue analysis

Fatigue of non-metallic materials Design codes (esp. BSK and BBK) Practical design Fatigue a crash course

EXCERCISE 12 EXCERCISE 13 EXCERCISE 14

Fatigue crack propagation Repetition of the course contents problems from old exams Workshop test exam and/or problems from old exams

COURSE NOTES