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Final Report On Cloud Computing

TECNIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES


3 PSP, Institutional Area, Madhuban Chowk, Rohini New Delhi - 110085
(AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI)

Submitted To:
Mr. Mohit Tiwari

Submitted By:
Manish Pant 04317004412 MCA- 1st Year

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study is an integral part of our M.C.A program and to do this GP final report in a short period was a heavy task. Intention, dedication, concentration and hard work are very much essential to complete any task. But still it needs lot of support, guidance assistance, co-operation of people to make it successful. I would like to thank TIAS and its faculty to give opportunity to work on this project.

I bear to imprint of my people who have given me their precious ideas and times to enable me to complete the research and the project report. I want to thank them for their continuous support at my research and writing efforts. I sincerely express my gratitude to Mr. Mohit Tiwari & my friends for their effective guidance for the successful completion of this project report.

With Regards (Manish Pant)

Table Of Contents

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Segment of Cloud Computing ...................................................................................................................... 6 Application............................................................................................................................................... 6 Platforms.................................................................................................................................................. 6 Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Implementing Cloud Computing .................................................................................................................. 7 Private Clouds ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Public Clouds........................................................................................................................................... 7 Hybrid Clouds ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Characteristics of Cloud computing .............................................................................................................. 9 Dynamic computing infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 9 IT service-centric approach ................................................................................................................... 9 Self-service based usage model ............................................................................................................ 10 Minimal or Self-managed Platform..................................................................................................... 10 Consumption based billing ................................................................................................................... 10 Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 12

ABSTRACT

This white paper will help readers to know the basics of cloud computing and also to gain an understanding on how cloud computing works. I hope it will be beneficial to all people who want to save some money on infrastructures.

Cloud based on demand web-services such as databases, queues, identity management, data ondemand, widgets, etc. are meeting with browser based thick-client frameworks such as AJAX, Adobe Flex, MS Silverlight, etc. to create a new breed of applications, built on a resuscitated Client/Server (Client/Server 2.0) SOA-based paradigm. The traditional "business logic" application server middle-tier is ceding the way to cloud based pay-per-use SOA.

The increasing sophistication of cloud web-services platforms, the increase in browser sophistication and the availability of advanced client side IDEs will reinforce this trend. The new paradigm will simplify the development of web applications, simplify the creation of SaaS, provide better maintainability and lower TCO.

INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). It is an emerging computing technology that uses the Internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and business to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with Internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.

Cloud computing is the convergence and evolution of several concepts from virtualization, distributed application design, grid, and enterprise IT management to enable a more flexible approach for deploying and scaling applications. Cloud promises real costs savings and agility to customers. Through cloud computing, a company can rapidly deploy applications where the underlying technology components can expand and contract with the natural ebb and flow of the business life cycle. Traditionally, once an application was deployed it was bound to a particular infrastructure, until the infrastructure was upgraded. The result was low efficiency, utilization, and flexibility. Cloud enablers, such as virtualization and grid computing, allow applications to be dynamically deployed onto the most suitable infrastructure at run time. This elastic aspect of cloud computing allows applications to scale and grow without needing traditional fork-lift upgrades. IT departments and infrastructure providers are under increasing pressure to provide computing infrastructure at the lowest possible cost. In order to do this, the concepts of resource pooling, virtualization, dynamic provisioning, utility and commodity computing must be leveraged to create a public or private cloud that meets these needs. World-class data centers are now being formed that can provide this Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) in a very efficient manner.

Segment of Cloud Computing


Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "applications," "platforms," and "infrastructure".

Application
So far, the applications segment of cloud computing is the only segment that has proven successful as a business model. By running business applications over the Internet from centralized servers rather than from on-site servers, companies can cut some serious costs. Furthermore, while avoiding maintenance costs, licensing costs and the costs of the hardware required to run servers on-site, companies are able to run applications much more efficiently from a computing standpoint.

Platforms
Platforms serve as an interface for users to access applications provided by partners or in some cases the customers. The following companies are some that have developed platforms that allow end users to access applications from centralized servers using the Internet. 1. Google (GOOG) - Apps Engine 2. Amazon.com (AMZN) - EC2 3. Microsoft (MSFT) - Windows Live 4. Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) - The Enterprise Cloud 5. Salesforce.com (CRM) - Force.com

Infrastructure
The final segment in cloud computing, known as infrastructure, is the backbone of the entire concept. Infrastructure vendors provide the physical storage space and processing capabilities that allow all the services described above.

Implementing Cloud Computing

All of the architectural and organizational considerations mentioned herein are generally apply to all implementations of a cloud infrastructure. As we focus on building the cloud, a number of models have been developed for deploying a cloud infrastructure.

Private Clouds
In a private cloud, the infrastructure for implementing the cloud is controlled completely by the enterprise. Typically, private clouds are implemented in the data center of the enterprise and managed by internal resources. A private cloud maintains all corporate data in resources under the control of the legal and contractual umbrella of the organization. This eliminates the regulatory, legal and security concerns associated with information being processed on third party computing resources.

Public Clouds
In a public cloud, external organizations provide the infrastructure and management required to implement the cloud. Public clouds dramatically simplify implementation and are typically billed based on usage. This transfers the cost from a capital expenditure to an operational expense and can quickly be scaled to meet the organizations needs. Temporary applications or applications with burst resource requirements typically benefit from the public clouds ability to ratchet up resources when needed and then scale them back when they are no longer needed. In a private cloud, the company would need to provision for the worst case across all the applications that share the infrastructure. This can result in wasted resources when utilization is not at its peak. Public clouds have the disadvantage of hosting your data in an offsite organization outside the legal and regulatory umbrella of your organization. In addition, as most public clouds leverage a worldwide network of data centers, it is difficult to document the physical location of data at any particular moment. These issues result in potential regulatory compliance issues that include the use of public clouds for certain organizations or business applications.

Not all public cloud based applications can provide the necessary flexibility and functionality needed by business users. For this reason, customers require the ability to take preferred functionality from one cloud application and combine it with another, creating a cloud based component application. This is still an emerging area of development with some early companies, such as Cast Iron, providing integration of a wide range of cloud-based applications. Ultimately, many customers may decide that the private cloud offers more flexibility and develop new applications themselves.

Hybrid Clouds
To meet the benefits of both approaches, newer execution models have been developed to combine public and private clouds into a unified solution. Applications with significant legal, regulatory or service level concerns for information can be directed to a private cloud. Other applications with less stringent regulatory or service level requirements can leverage a public cloud infrastructure. Implementation of a hybrid model requires additional coordination between the private and public service management system. This typically involves a federated policy management tool, seamless hybrid integration, federated security, information asset management, coordinated provisioning control, and unified monitoring systems.

Characteristics of Cloud computing

Dynamic computing infrastructure


Cloud computing requires a dynamic computing infrastructure. The foundation for the dynamic infrastructure is a standardized, scalable, and secure physical infrastructure. There should be levels of redundancy to ensure high levels of availability, but mostly it must be easy to extend as usage growth demands it, without requiring architecture rework. Next, it must be virtualized. A dynamic computing infrastructure is critical to effectively supporting the elastic nature of service provisioning and de-provisioning as requested by users while maintaining high levels of reliability and security. The consolidation provided by virtualization, coupled with provisioning automation, creates a high level of utilization and reuse, ultimately yielding a very effective use of capital equipment.

IT service-centric approach
Cloud computing is IT (or business) service-centric. This is in sharp contrast to more traditional system- or server- centric models. In most cases, users of the cloud generally want to run some business service or application for a specific, timely purpose; they dont want to get bogged down in the system and network administration of the environment. They would prefer to quick and easy access a dedicated instance of an application or service. By abstracting away the servercentric view of the infrastructure, system users can easily access powerful pre-defined computing environments designed specifically around their service. An IT Service Centric approach enables user adoption and business agility the easier and faster a user can perform an administrative task, the more expedient the business moves, reducing costs or driving revenue.

Self-service based usage model


Interacting with the cloud requires some level of user self-service. Best of breed self-service provides users the ability to upload, build, deploy, schedule, manage, and report on their business services on demand. Self-service cloud offerings must provide easy-to-use, intuitive user interfaces that equip users to productively manage the service delivery lifecycle.

Minimal or Self-managed Platform


For an IT team or a service provider to efficiently provide a cloud for its constituents, they must leverage a technology platform that is self-managed. Best-of-breed clouds enable selfmanagement via software automation, leveraging the following capabilities: 1. A provisioning engine for deploying services and tearing them down recovering resources for high levels of reuse 2. Mechanisms for scheduling and reserving resource capacity Capabilities for configuring, managing, and reporting to ensure resources can be allocated and reallocated to multiple groups of users 3. Tools for controlling access to resources and policies for how resources can be used or operations can be performed All of these capabilities enable business agility while simultaneously enacting critical and necessary administrative control.

Consumption based billing


Finally, cloud computing is usage-driven. Consumers pay for only what resources they use and therefore are charged or billed on a consumption-based model. Cloud computing platforms must provide mechanisms to capture usage information that enables charge back reporting and integration with billing systems.

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Summary

For IT departments in larger enterprises, developing a private cloud often makes the most financial and business sense. When developing the architectural vision, an enterprise architect should bear in mind the characteristics of cloud computing as well as consider some of the organizational and cultural issues that might become obstacles to the adoption of the future state architecture. When moving ahead, decisions must be made on whether the future-state technical architecture should emphasize compatibility with the current standard or start from scratch to minimize cost. Future state systems architecture designs involve trade-offs between lower cost/operational efficiency and greater flexibility. Using an Enterprise Architecture framework can help enterprise architects navigate the trade-offs and design a system that accomplishes the business goal.

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Bibliography

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