A DIVISION OF GLOBAL MEDIA ONLINE

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FILM M8I6 MAAZINE
2011-2012 FILM & I M8I6
8ALA8 AN 8AIE 88E

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INTRODUCTION

Welcometothe2011-2012editionofFilmMusicMagazinesSalaryandRateSurvey.Thissurvey
hasbeencompiledbasedonextensiveresearch,interviews,andinformationgatheredfrom
professionalsthroughoutthefilmandtelevisionmusicindustry.Thesurveydatalistediscurrent
asofJune,2011.
Beginningwiththeoriginalpublicationofthissurveyin2000,ithasservedastheindustry
standardintermsofanoverallsurveyofworkingratesinreal-worldindustrysituations.Asthe
industryhasevolved,sohastheSalaryandRateSurvey.Weveaddednewcategoriestomanyof
thesectionsincludingthecomposingforfilmandtelevisionandvideogamessections,andhave
alsoremovedornotedsectionsthatarenolongerrelevanttohowcomposersandothersare
workingtoday.
Thesurvey'sfindingsarebasedondataprovidedbyleadingindustryagents,composers,
contractors,orchestrators,musicsupervisors,musicians,scoringmixers,andofficialsfrom
variousunions,guildsandorchestras.
IMPORTANTSURVEYNOTES
Allratesandworkingconditionsincludedwerelimitedtofilmandtelevisionprojectsinthe
UnitedStates,primarilyinLosAngelesandNewYork,withtheexceptionoftheworldwidehourly
ratesforrecordingmusicians.
Incalculatingtypicalpayratesforeachsection,itwasobservedthattherecurrentlyexist
extremelyhighandlowratesthatinsomeinstancesarechargedbasedonuniquecharacteristics
ofdifferentproductions.Itwasdeterminedthatthesurveywouldnotincludetheseextremerates
incalculatingtypicalrates,andwouldconcentrateonwhatthemajorityofprofessionalstendedto
chargefordifferenttypesofproductionsatvariousbudgetlevels.
Forseveralofthesectionsincludingtheratesforcomposition,wehavelistedratesandrate
rangesfordifferenttypesandcategoriesofprojects,andwithineachtypewevedividedthearea
intohigh,mediumandlowbudgetsubsectionswherepossible.Wehavenotusedspecificbudget
dollaramountstomakethesedivisionsasthesenumbersandbreakpointsarenotgenerally
agreeduponacrosstheindustry.Instead,weaskedtheindustryprofessionalsthatwegathered
datafromwherepossibletodividethecategoryintothesethreebudgetlevelsbasedontheirown
experienceintheindustry.
Finally,whilethedatainthissurveyisintendedasaguidelinethatmaybeusedtohelpdetermine
typicalfeerangesforvarioustypesofprojects,thissurveyisnotintendedasapricingguideoras
ameanstoputavalueontheworkofprofessionalsintheindustry.Theratesinthissurveycan
varysignificantlydependingonanumberoffactorspresentinthehiringdecisionforeach
category,includingexperience,reputation,credits,andthespecificsofeachproject.

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2011-2012FILM&TELEVISIONMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
TABLEOFCONTENTS

Film&TelevisionComposers 4
VideoGameComposers 7
SongandMusicLicensing 8
MusicSupervisors 10
Orchestrators 11
Conductors 12
RecordingMusicians 13
AgentsandManagers 15
Contractors 17
ScoringMixers 18

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
FILM&TVCOMPOSERS
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Composingforfilmandtelevisioncontinuestoundergoadramatictransformationinrecentyears.
Therecenttrendcontinuestobetowardstheself-containedcomposerinmostlowandmedium
budgetprojects.Largeprojectsmayutilizealiveorchestra,inmanycaseswiththeadditionof
electronicsamples,butespeciallyintelevisionproductions,projectsutilizinglivemusiciansare
becomingararebreed.
Todaycomposersareexpectedtoownawell-equippeddigitalrecordingstudiocompletewith
samplers,mixingequipment,digitalvideo,andletsnotforgetacomfortablecouchforthedirector
orproducertopreviewmusicwithpicture.
Intermsoffinances,therearetwotypesofdealsthatarecommonforscoringprojects:
Thepackagedeal-composerpaysforallproductioncosts,includingstudio,
orchestration,musicprep,musicians,engineers,etc.anddeliversfinished,producedmusic.
Thecreativefeedeal-composerreceivesaseparatecreativefeeforcompositionwork
onlyandtheproductioncompanypaysallassociatedcostsinvolvedwiththeproduction,
recordingandmixingofthemusic.Recently,thistypeofdealhasbecomemoreinfrequent,
withevenA-listtopcomposersonmajorbudgetstudiofilmsdoingpackagedeals.
PerformingRightsroyalties(collectedandpaidbyASCAP,BMIandSESACintheUnitedStates)
canbeamajorsourceofincomefortelevisionandfilmmusicandinmanycasescanamountto
incomeoverthelifeofthecomposerofmanytimestheoriginalcreativeorpackagefee.These
royaltiescanalsobepaidtothecomposersdescendantssodealsthataremadebycomposersfor
performingrightsroyaltiescanhaveconsequences(orbenefits)forgenerations.
Withafewunfortunateexceptions,composersretainthewritersshareofperformingrights
royaltiesandthepublishersshareisapointofnegotiationinthecomposeragreement.Typically
networktelevisionandmediumtohighbudgetfilmswilldemandandgetthepublishersshare,
whereaslowbudgetfilmproductioncompaniesmayallowthecomposertokeepthisshareasa
negotiatingpoint(usuallyforalowercreativefee).
HOWPAID
Composersareusuallypaidonaper-projectbasis.Insomerarecasesusuallyinvolvingverylow-
budgetindiefilms,composersarepaidfromincomeorprofitsofaproject(calledpoints),
howevergiventhevariouswaysofaccountingforfilmprojects,composerincomeforthesetypes
ofcontractscanbeextremelydifficulttopredict,especiallyifthecomposerdoesnothaveaccess
toacompleteaccountingoftheproject.Anotherissuetoconsiderwithpointsdealsiswherethe
composerliesintheoverallpriorityofpayment.Ifothers,includingactorsandfinancersarepaid
first,itmaybeaconsiderabletimebeforesufficientincomeorprofitsaregeneratedforthe
composertobepaid.

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TYPICALPAYRATES
Thefollowingaretypicalratespaidtocomposersforprojectsineachcategory
FILM
TypeofProduction LowBudget MediumBudget HighBudget
StudioFeature(creativefee) N/A $150,000-$450,000 $350,000-$2mil+
StudioFeatureStudio
ProductionArmFilm(package)
$60,000-$250,000 $250,000-$350,000 $400,000-$2mil+
StudioFeatureStudioIndie
SubsidiaryFilm(package)
$35,000-$60,000 $75,000-$150,000 $200,000+
IndieFeature(package) $2,500-$15,000 $25,000-$75,000 $75,000+
GuerrilaIndieFeature(package) $0-$3,500 $4,000-$7,500 $10,000+
StudentFilm $0(costsonly) $2,500-$6,000 $10,000+
TELEVISION
TypeofProduction LowBudget MediumBudget HighBudget
TelevisionMovie(package) $5,000-$20,000 $25,000-$50,000 $55,000+
Network60min.drama/realityseries
(package,per-episode)
$1,500-$10,000 $10,000-$15,000 $15,000+
Cable60min.drama/realityseries
(package,per-episode)
$2,000-$10,000 $10,000-$14,000 $15,000+
Network30min.animationseries
(package,per-episode)
$1,500-$4,500 $7,000-$16,000 $20,000+
Network30min.comedyseries
(package,per-episode)
$1,500-$3,000 $4,000-$6,000 $7,500+
Cable30min.comedyseries
(package,per-episode)
$1,500-$3,500 $3,500-$4,500 $5,000-$7,000+
NewsPackage-Local
(package,onestation)
$2,000-$5,000 $6,000-$10,000 $10,000+
NewsPackageNationalBasicCable
(packagedeal,multiplestations)
$5,000-$12,500 $15,000-$25,000 $30,000-$50,000+

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TELEVISIONADVERTISING
TypeofProduction LowBudget MediumBudget HighBudget
Regional/LocalAd
Jingle(creativefeein
majormarket,package
insmallermarkets)
N/A N/A $10,000+
NationalAdJingle
(creativefee)
N/A N/A $30,000+
Regional/LocalAdpost
scoring(package)
$1,500-$2,500 $2,500-$4,500 $5,000+
NationalAdpost
scoring(package)
$3,000-$7,500 $7,000-$12,000 $15,000+

OTHERPAYFACTORS
Publishing(ownershipofmusic)thatcomposerretains
Composersparticipationinsoundtrackalbumroyalties(guaranteedinclusionofscore
music,etc.)
Deferredcompensationagreementsbasedondistributionand/orprofitsoffilm

ADDITIONALNOTES
Creativefeedealshavebecomesoinfrequentinlow/mediumbudgetadvertisingandlow
budgetstudiofeaturesthatnotenoughdatawasavailabletodeterminetypicalpayrates
forthesetypesofprojects
Itwasnotedbyseveraloftheindustryparticipantsinterviewedforthesurveythattheuse
oflibrarymusicwithextremelylowornonexistentsyncfees,especiallyforcableand
lower-endnetworkproduction,hashadanegativeaffectoncomposerfeesforthoseshows
thatusecomposers.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
VIDEOGAMECOMPOSERS
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Withthedecreasedproductionoffeaturefilmsandanincreaseintheproductionofvideogames,
manycomposersarelookingintocomposingforgames.Astheindustrymatures,gamedevelopers
aretypicallylookingatmoreexperiencedgamecomposerstochoosefromforprojects.
Sincethesaleofavideogamedoesnotinvolveapublicperformance,performingrightsroyalties
arenotgenerallyconsideredasignificantsourceofincomeforvideogamecomposersunlessthe
musicfromthegameisutilizedinotherwaysthatgeneratethistypeofroyaltypayment.
Asthesaleofsoundtrackmusicviadownloadsandsoundtrackalbumshasincreasedinrecent
years,composersaremorefrequentlyabletonegotiateandgenerateroyaltiesfromthesesales.
Thesetypicallytaketheformofwritersroyaltiesand,lessfrequently,artistroyalties.
TYPICALPAYRATES
TypeofProduction LowBudget
Medium
Budget
HighBudget
CreativeFeedealinteractivegame(30
minutesofmusic)coverscomposing.
Typicallyofferedonmidandhigh-end
AAAgameprojectswithname
composers.
$30,000-
$36,000
$36,000-
$45,000
$45,000-$75,000+
PackageFeedeal-interactivegame(30
minutesofmusic.)coverscomposingand
allexpensesfordeliveringfinalmusic.
Typicallyofferedonlow-midlevelprojects.
$30,000-
$40,000
$45,000-
$55,000
$60,000+
CasualGamescreativefeedeal,
additionalfunds(notincludedhere)
providedforproductionofmusic
$300-$600perminuteoffinishedmusic
(creativefee)
ADDITIONALNOTES
Inlimitedcases,composersarepaidbonuspayments(typically$10,000to$20,000)when
agameisreleasedonaplatformotherthantheoriginalreleaseplatform.
Inmostprojectsinvolvingmediumtolarge-scaleorchestrasand/orchoruses,costsforlive
musicproductionarenotincludedinthecomposerfeeandarepaidseparatelybythegame
company.Thesecostscanincludestudio,engineers,musiciansandrelatedexpenses.
Ifadditionalmodificationisrequestedondeliveredmusicstems,composerwilltypically
receive$200-$400perminuteforeachmusicalstem(submix)thatismodified.
SpecialthankstoBobRiceofFBI(fourbarsintertainment)forassistancewiththissection.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
MUSICANDSONGLICENSING

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Songsofallstylesandgenrescanlendgreataestheticvaluetoalmostallfilmandtelevision
productions,notonlyfortheemotionalcontentandmoodtheymayconvey,butparticularlyin
establishingtimesandplacesasfamiliarreferencesforviewingaudiences.Instrumentalhits,both
past&present,canalsoachievethiseffect.

Currenthits,classicstandardsofallstatureandevenunreleasedsongsareregularlylicensedfor
useinfilm&televisionproductionsincludingfeaturefilms,made-for-televisionmovies,direct-to-
videofeatures,dramaticandcomedicepisodictelevisionprograms,documentaries,promosand
musicforadvertising.

Mosttypically,songsarepreexistingworksandrequireasynchronizationlicensewiththe
copyrightownersofthesongtolegallyusetheintellectualproperty(words&music)inafilmor
televisionproduction.Additionally,amasterrecordinglicenseisrequiredifthefilm&television
producerswishtousetheoriginalorotherpreexistingsoundrecordingofaparticularsong.This
canentailtwoseparatebutrelatednegotiations,particularlyiftheownerofthesongcopyrightis
differentthantheownerofthemasterrecordingcopyright.

Whatiscommonlycalledasync&masterlicenseisactuallythesumoftwonegotiations:onefor
useofthesongandoneforuseofapreexistingsoundrecordingofthesong.Insomeinstances,the
producersofafilmortelevisionproductionmaysuccessfullynegotiateasynclicensewiththe
songscopyrightowner(s),onlytofindthecostofusingtheoriginalsoundrecordingtobe
prohibitive.Theproducersmayopttocommissionanewrecordingofthesong(usuallyat
considerablylessexpensethanthecostofthemasterlicense)iftheyfeelthenewrecordingwill
playeffectivelyintheirproduction.

Thesefactorsmakethelicensingofsongsahighlyalacartebusinessandtherelativevalueand
expenseofonesongincontrasttoanotherwithinafilmortelevisionproductioncanbe
significant.Thefollowingaretypicalfeesforsonglicensingingeneralcategories,butthereare
alwaysexceptionstoregularstandards&practicesbasedonanumberofdynamicfactors.The
figuresutilizedherearethesumsofboththesyncandmasterlicenses.Itshouldalsobenoted
thatuseofasonginafilmspromotionaltrailerisaseparatenegotiatingpoint.

Thefiguresshownherearenotinclusiveofanyre-usefeeswhichmaybedueforcertainusagesof
musicrecordedunderAmericanFederationofMusicians(AFofM)unionrecordingagreements
whichstipulatere-usefeespaidtorecordingmusiciansinsomecases.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVSALARYANDRATESURVEY
MUSICANDSONGLICENSING

FILM

TypeofProduction LowBudget MediumBudget HighBudget

StudioFeature(high-endpopular
songorinstrumentalhit)
N/A $20,000-$75,000
$125,000-
$150,000+
StudioFeature(mid-linepopularsong
orinstrumentalhit)
N/A $5,000-$25,000 $25,000+
StudioFeature(generallyunknownor
unreleasedsongorinstrumental
music)
$200-$1,500 $1,500-$3,500 $2,000-$15,000+
IndieFeature $0-$500 $500-$2,000 $2,000+
GuerrilaIndieFeature $0-$250 $200-$500 $750-$1,500
TELEVISION
TypeofProduction LowBudget MediumBudget HighBudget
TelevisionMovie(Network) $400-$2,500 $3,000-$8,000 $10,000-$30,000+
TelevisionMovie(cable) $0-$500 $500-$1,000 $2,500-$5,000+
TVSeriesEpisode(Network) $500-$2,000 $5,000-$15,000 $15,000-$25,000+
TVSeriesEpisode(Premium
Cable)
$1,000-$2,000 $5,000-$10,000 $10,000-$20,000+
TVSeriesEpisode(BasicCable) $250-$2,000
NationalAdvertising(Trailers) $3,000-$5,000 $10,000-$30,000 $35,000-$150,000+
NationalAds(MajorProducts) $5,000-$10,000 $10,000-$175,000 $100,000-$250,000+

ADDITIONALNOTES

Theseratesaretypicallyforsongsandpopularinstrumentalmusiclicensedindividually.
Doesnotreflectratespaidforinstrumentallibrarytracksorblanketlicenses.
Nationaladvertisingratesdonotincludesuperstarmusiclicensingofextremelywell-
known,valuablesongswherelicensefeescanexceed$1,000,000insomecases.
Ratesforregionaladvertisingoradvertisementslimitedtoasinglemajormetropolitan
areaweretypically40%to50%ofnationaladertisingrates.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
MUSICSUPERVISORS

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Theroleofmusicsupervisorsisconstantlychanging.Currently,musicsupervisorsareinvolved
withsuggesting,choosing,andnegotiatingrightstouseexistingmusicinfilms,workingwith
recordcompanies,composers,andotherpartieswhohaverolesinthemusicforaproject,and
managingtheoverallmusicalbudgetandproductionforaproject.
HOWPAID
Musicsupervisorsareusuallypaidwithapackagefeefortheirservicesduringthecourseofa
project.Insomecases,higherbudgetfilmsawardspointsorapercentageofprofitstomusic
supervisors.
TYPICALPAYRATES
TypeofProject TypicalPayRate
TelevisionSeries $2,000-$5,000perepisode
LowBudgetIndependentFilm $0-$15,000
LowBudgetFeatureFilm $10,000-$45,000
MediumBudgetFeatureFilm $30,000-$150,000
HighBudgetFeatureFilm $150,000-$500,000

ADDITIONALNOTES
Theaboveratesincludeverywiderangesastheamountofworkthemusicsupervisoris
askedtodofromonefilmtoanothercanvarywidelydependingontheamountofmusic
clearanceinvolved,theamountoftimeformanagement/coordinationthatisrequired,and
whetherthemusicsupervisorisanindividualoracompanyprovidingadditional
manpowerandservices.
Ifamusicsupervisorisaskedtoworkonasoundtrackalbumforaprojectasproduceror
inasimilarrole,themusicsupervisoristypicallypaidpoints(royalties)fromthesaleof
thesoundtrackalbumandmayalsobepaidanadditionalfeefortheirworkonthealbum

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
ORCHESTRATORS

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Orchestratorsreceivemusicfromcomposersintheformofhandwrittenorcomputerprinted
scores,MIDIfiles,oracombinationofthese.Theprimaryroleofanorchestratoristoassistthe
composerindeliveringafullyorchestratedscorefromthecomposerssketchorscore.The
composersscoremaybeminimaloralmostfullyorchestrated,dependingontheskills,
preferences,andtimeallowedthecomposerforeachproject.
Unlikecomposerfeesthathavetrendeddownwardinrecentyears,feesfororchestrationand
assistingMIDI-orientedcomposerswithpreparingtheirmusicforperformancebylivemusicians
haveremainedstrong.Thisislikelyduetotheinfluxofcomposersintothemarketplacewholack
extensivetrainingandexperienceinwritingandarranginigmusicforlivemusicians.
HOWPAID
Orchestratorsaregenerallypaidonaper-pagebasis,whereapageisgenerallyequivalentto4
barsoffullyscoredmusic.MIDItranscriptionwork(translatingMIDIfilesintoworkablesketches
orpreliminaryscores)ischargedinadditiontoorchestratingrates.Conductingtheorchestraat
recordingsessionsmaybeincludedinthefees,orchargedinadditiontoorchestrationfees(See
Conductorssection)
TYPICALPAYRATES
AmericanFederationofMusiciansunionorchestrationpageratesfortheatricalfilmsand
televisionfilmproductionsrangefrom$26to$65dependingonthenumberoflinesinthescore,
notincludingbenefits.Lowbudgetfilmsandlowbudgettelevisionfilmsareless.
Typicalratesforpremiumorchestratorscanrangefrom$75to$110perpagedependingonthe
projectbudgetandthecomplexityofthemusic.
MIDItranscriptionandeditingmaybechargedonaflatratedependingontheextentofediting
andtranscriptionthatarenecessary,ormaybechargedonapagerate.TheAmericanFederation
ofMusicianshasestablishedminimumscaleratesforMIDItranscriptions-seeAFofMrate
documentationforcompletedetails

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
CONDUCTORS

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Conductorsarehiredwhenliveorchestrasareusedforrecordingsessionsandthecomposerdoes
notwishtoconducttheorchestra.Insomeoccasions,theorchestratorhiredfortheprojectwill
serveastheconductorandmaybepaidseparatelyforconducting,orconductingservicesmaybe
includedwiththepaymentfororchestration.Insomecases,anindependentprofessional
conductorishiredtoconducttheorchestra.
Inadditiontocoordinatingthemusicwiththefilm(theactualconductingoftheorchestra
accordingtothetemposspecifiedbythecomposer),aconductorhelpsanorchestrarealizethe
dramaticandemotionalcontentofmusic,workswiththeorchestratoevokethemostpowerful,
dramaticperformancepossible,andconveystheneedsandrequestsofthecomposertothe
orchestra.Conductorsalsoassistwithmakingchangesneededinthemusicandworktobringthe
musictoperformancereadinessasquicklyaspossible.
HOWPAID
Conductorsarepaidforeachrecordingsessiontheyconductat.Paymayincludeadvance
preparationforsomecueswherethemusicisprovidedtotheconductorinadvanceofthe
recordingsessionsothattheconductormaybebetterpreparedtoworkwiththeorchestra.
TYPICALPAYRATES
TheAmericanFederationofMusiciansscaleforconductingis200%ofplayerscalewagesfora
singleperformingmusicianforeachsession.Inmanycases,customandpracticeistopaythe
conductor300%ofplayerscalewages.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
RECORDINGMUSICIANS
Allratesassumeanorchestraof40piecesorlargeranddonotincludetravel,facility,engineer,
contracting,orotherchargesseeadditionalnotesformoredetails.
TYPICALPAYRATES
Locality MusicianSessionHourlyPay Notes
AFMUnion-MotionPicture
Scale-TheatricalFilm(includes
pensionandhealth&welfare)
$102.78
Nobuyoutavailable.
Additionalfuturepaymentsmay
berequired
AFMUnionMotionPicture
ScaleTVFilm(includes
pensionandhealth&welfare)
$102.78
Nobuyoutavailable.
Additionalfuturepaymentsmay
berequired
AFMUnionLowBudget
TheatricalFilmScale(includes
pensionandhealth&welfare)
$75.18
Nobuyoutavailable.
Additionalfuturepaymentsmay
berequired
AFMUnionUltra-LowBudget
TheatricalFilmScale(includes
pensionandhealth&welfare)
$65.01
Nobuyoutavailable.
Additionalfuturepaymentsmay
berequired
AFMUnionVideogameScale-
ScheduleB(includespension
andhealth&welfare)
$89.62
Includesbuyoutofstandard
additionalusages.SeeNote10
below.
LosAngeles-NonUnion $75-$125 Completebuyoutincluded
Seattle,WA-(SimonJames
Music)
$60
Completebuyoutincluded.See
Note7below
ChristianHowesStrings $35 SeeNote6below
London-RoyalPhil(Tadlow
Music)videogamesandhigher
budgetfilms
$120
Includesbuyoutofstandard
additionalusages.SeeNote5
below.
London-RoyalPhil(Tadlow
Music)lowbudgetfilms
$83
Includesbuyoutofstandard
additionalusages.SeeNote5
below.
Bulgaria-BulgarianSymphony
OrchestraSIF309
$18
Completebuyoutincluded.See
Note4below.
Prague-CityofPraguePhil
TadlowMusic
$24.10 Completebuyoutincluded
PragueOrchestra.netremote
recording
$24
Completebuyoutincluded.See
Note8below.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVSALARYANDRATESURVEY
RECORDINGMUSICIANS-CONTINUED
AdditionalNotes:
1.Theseratesdonotincludecontractingfees,payrolltaxesandfees,federalorlocaltaxes,
doubling,cartage,travelcosts,oranyotherassociatedcosts.Thistableisdesignedtocomparethe
basichourlyrateformusiciansinthelocaleslisted,butisnotmeanttobeusedtocalculatefinal
costsforrecordingsincestudio,travel,andanyotherlocation-specificcostsarenotincluded.
2.Forcompleteinformationonallrates,rulesandrequirementsforAFMunionrecording
contracts,visithttp://www.afm.orgorcontactyourlocalAFMunionoffice.
3.Thetermbuyoutisusedtoindicatethatthemusicrecordedisnotsubjecttoanyfuture
paymentstomusiciansasaresultofthemusicbeingreleasedordistributedonsoundtrack
albums,DVDs,downloads,onlinestreams,orotherformsofmedia.
4.FormoreinformationonrecordingwiththeBulgarianSymphonyOrchestra,visit
http://www.sif309.com
5.FormoreinformationonrecordinginPraguewiththeCityofPraguePhilharmonicOrchestraor
LondonwiththeRoyalPhilharmonicOrchestra,visithttp://www.tadlowmusic.com
6.ChristianHowesStringsrateisformultitrackedstringgroup.Email
production@christianhowes.comorcall(203)947-0772forcompletedetails.
7.ForinformationonrecordinginSeattle,seehttp://www.simonjamesmusic.com
8.Ratesarebasedonpackagepriceforentiresession.Formoreinformationonremoterecording
withOrchestra.netcontactSteveSalaniat(310)727-9564orvisithttp://www.orchestra.net
9.Therateslistedheredonottakeintoaccounttheoverallproficiencyandrelativeabilityof
differentorchestrastoproducefinishedmusic;differentorchestrascanandwillbeableto
generatedifferentamountsoffinishedmusicperhourofrecordingtimeduetovaryingdegreesof
talentandexperience.
10.Ratesfornon-USorchestrasarebasedonUSdollarexchangeratesasofJune,2011andare
subjecttochangesininternationalcurrencyexchangerates.
11.AFMVideoGamescaleincludeswagesandbenefitspayableunderScheduleBCombined-
UseOption.Health&Welfarecalculatedassuming6hoursofrecordingperday.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
AGENTSANDMANAGERS

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Professionalsthroughoutthefilmandtelevisionmusicindustryarerepresentedbyagentsand
managers,includingcomposers,musicsupervisors,orchestrators,contractors,songwriters,
performingartists,andmore.
Thetermsagentandmanageraresometimesusedinterchangeably,butoftentherearesome
importantdistinctions.Asgenerallyusedintheindustry,thetermshavethefollowingmeaning:
AGENT-Oftenlicensedbythestatewheretheypracticebusiness.Commissionratemaybesubject
tostatelimits.Workisusuallycenteredaroundfindingjobsandnegotiatingrates,terms,and
handling/negotiatingnecessarylegaldocumentssuchascontracts,dealmemos,etc.
MANAGER-Rarelylicensedbygovernmentalauthorities.Workisusuallyinvolvedwithoverall
promotionofanartistscareer,andcangobeyondthatofanagentasmanagersareconcerned
withallcareeraspectsofanartist(includingfilmandtelevisionwork,liveperformances,
publicity,recordingwork,andmoredependingontheartist).
Professionalsthroughoutthefilmandtelevisionmusicindustryarerepresentedbyagentsand
managers,includingcomposers,musicsupervisors,orchestrators,contractors,songwriters,
performingartists,andmore.
HOWPAID
Generallyasapercentageofthetotalpaymentnegotiatedfortheclient.Rangesofpayfor
composeragentsdifferbasedonthetypeofdealnegotiated-packagevs.creativefee(see
Composerssectionforadescriptionofthesedealtypes).Insomecases,lawsrestrictagentsto
chargingnomorethan15%commission.Inlightofthis,someagentsarerebrandingthemselves
asmanagersorundertakingmoreextensivemanagerdutiesincaseswheretheychargemore
than15%commission.
TYPICALPAYRATES
CreativeFeeDeals
Forcreativefeedeals,agentsandmanagerstypicallycharge10%-15%ofthecreativefee
negotiated.
PackageDeals
Forpackagedeals,agentsandmanagerstypicallychargebetween7.5%and15%ofeitherthe
entirepackagefeeorthecomposersnet(profittothecomposer).Managersmaycharge15%or
higher.

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(AgentsandManagers,cont.)

CommissiononPerformingRightsRoyaltiesandPerformingRightsAdvances
InLosAngeles,agentsgenerallydonotchargecommissiononperformingrightsroyaltiesreceived
bycomposers.However,incaseswhereagentsnegotiateanadvancefromASCAP,BMIorSESAC
foracomposer,theseadvancesareoftensubjecttoanagentcommission.
CommissiononPublishing
Insomecases,agentsnegotiatepublishingtermsfortheircomposerclientswherethecomposer
receivesapublishinginterest(usuallyashareofcopyrightownership)inthemusicthatiswritten
forafilmandtelevisionproject.Inthesecases,anadditionalcommission,fee,orbonusis
sometimespaidtotheagentbasedonthespecificsofthedeal.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
CONTRACTORS

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Basicservicesofcontractorsincludehiringmusiciansandassistingwithmusicproduction
budgets.Additionalservicesofcontractorscanincludemakingarrangementsfortherecording
studioorscoringstage,supervisingtheorchestraatrecordingsessions,interfacingwiththemusic
preparationpersonneltoschedulevarioussizedorchestrasforaproject,andpayrollingservices.
Onunionscoringprojects,itoftenfallstothecontractortonegotiatewiththefilmmakeror
productioncompanytosigntheAmericanFederationofMusiciansAssumptionAgreement,which
providesforthefilmmakertomakefuturepaymentstothemusicianswhorecordedmusicfora
film.Thesefuturepaymentscanbebasedonthefilmsprofitandwhetherthefilmmakerwishesto
makenewusesofthemusicinasoundtrackalbum,videotaperelease,etc.
HOWPAID
Contractorsaregenerallypaidasapercentageofunionscalewagesforeachrecordingsession
theycontractfor.Innon-unionsituations,contractorstypicallychargeapercentageofwagespaid
tomusiciansorchargeaflatfeeperrecordingsession.Ifcontractorsperformpayrollingfunctions
(includingpreparationofchecks,forms,andprocessingofdeductionsandtaxes),anadditionalfee
ischarged.
TYPICALPAYRATES
TheminimumfeeforacontractoronaunionrecordingsessionissetbytheAmericanFederation
ofMusiciansat200%ofscalewagespaidtoasingleperformingmusician.
Thestandardpracticeofmanycontractorsistochargeanotherscale(totalfeewouldbe300%of
scale)iftheorchestraislargeandnothiredformultiplesessions,orifthecontractorisnot
receivingincomefromanothersourceonthefilm(i.e.musiclicensing,payroll,productionfees,
etc.).
Afewlarge,high-profilecontractorscharge400%ofscaleforprojects,generallyhigh-budget
featurefilms.
Achargeof2.5%-5%ischargedbycontractorsforpayrollingservices.

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FILMMUSICMAGAZINE2011-2012FILM&TVMUSICSALARYANDRATESURVEY
SCORINGMIXERS

BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
Scoringmixers,alsoknownasrecordingengineers,areresponsibleformanagingthetechnology
involvedwithrecordingandmixingmusic.Scoringmixersareoftenexpectedtobeextremely
knowledgeableaboutawiderangeoftechnologyincludingmicrophones,roomacoustics,analog
anddigitalrecordingtechnology,audioprocessingequipmentandaudioprocessingplug-ins,
speakers,andcomputerhardwareandsoftwareincludingsequencingprogramsanddigitalaudio
workstations.
Anotherimportantfunctionofscoringmixersisasatechnicalconsultanttocomposersandmusic
editors.Thiscanincludeassistingwithequipmentselectionandpurchase,installationof
equipmentinthecomposersstudio,problemsolving,andsystem/studiodesign.
HOWPAID
Scoringmixersaregenerallypaidonaper-hourbasisfortheirservicesduringtheset-up,
recording,andmixingofmusic.Additionalfeesmaybechargedfortravelandworkoutsidethe
studiosuchasequipmentconsultingandpurchasing.
TYPICALPAYRATES
TypeofWork RatePerHour
DemoRecordings $35-$65
LowBudgetProjects $40-$70
MediumBudgetProjects $75-$100
HighBudgetProjects $75-$150
PremiumScoringMixers $2,000-$3,000perday(9hours)
Notes
1. Formostprojects,theminimumsessionlengthis3hours.
2. PremiumScoringMixersrefertoextremelyexperiencedindustryveterans.Theserates
aregenerallyapplicabletohigh-budgetstudiofilmprojects.Premiumscoringmixersoften
requirethatspecificequipmentberentedfromthemforuseatsessions;theseequipment
rentalscanoftenbemorethanthecostofthescoringmixer.
3. Ratesforentry-levelassistantengineersand2ndengineersrangefrom$10-$20/hour.