Purpose
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 2
Our Purpose To safeguard life, property and the environment Our Vision Global impact for a safe and sustainable future
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 4
300
offices
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.
100
countries
5
9,000
employees
Failure modes
Leakage Jamming Self opening Body failure Actuator/stem failure
Causes
Surface damage Thermal expansion / distortion Erosion Galling Flow effects Porosity/surface roughness
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 7
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 8
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 9
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 10
Closing condition:
fr _ gate
fr _ act
return
spring
process
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 11
Physical testing
- Friction between gate and seats
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 12
200
150 Upstream pressure Downstream pressure Differential pressure (P1-P2) Differential pressure (as tested)
100
50
0 100 %
OPEN
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 13
90 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 %
30 %
20 %
10 %
0%
CLOSED
Pressure (bar)
Friction increases
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 14
100
80
40
0 100 %
OPEN
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 15
90 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 %
30 %
20 %
10 %
0%
CLOSED
Force (kN)
Advice
Thorough analysis considering the entire system to establish force balance Relying on grease might be dangerous
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 16
Thermal/structural issues
I just opened my gate valve, but I changed my mind and I want to close it again. Will it close?
- Certainly, if you are not in a hurry.
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 17
120
100
80
Temperature
Gate
60
Seat
40
Body
20
Time
500
600
700
800
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 18
tjam
0 100 200 300 Time 400 500 600 700 800
Clearance change
Clearance _ change l
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 19
cavity
l 2 l
gate
seat
Possible solutions
Added clearance Obvious, but not always desired Block insulation Reduces temperature gradient
Advice
Hand calculations typically overestimate the clearance change at steady state and underestimate the change during a transient event.
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 20
P P
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Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 23
Torque
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Possible solutions
Lockdown mechanism Gearboxes often used
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 25
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 26
Scope:
Applicable for: components, equipment and assemblies used in hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation offshore
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 27
It reduces the risk cost during operation by reducing uncertainties and increasing reliability
Traceability of qualification efforts Allows quicker re-qualification for new operating conditions
Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 28
Conclusions
A valve tested according to ISO 10423 does not necessarily work properly under the same conditions in operation.
PHYSICAL TESTING
QUALIFICATION MANAGEMENT
MECHANICAL DESIGN
PROCESS DESIGN
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Valves: The good, the bad and the ugly 21 April 2010 Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved. 30