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Reproductive System Study Guide

Male
Interstitial Cells Seminiferous Tubules Epididymis Vas Deferens Semen 1. Label each of the male reproductive structures below:

2. What are the gonads and gametes of the male reproductive system?

3. What two hormones are required to initiate spermatogenesis? When does it begin?

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4. Why are the testes kept outside the body in the scrotum?

5. Spermatogenesis occurs in two stages, mitosis and meiosis. a. What happens during mitosis? b. What happens during meiosis? 6. If the human genome includes 46 chromosomes, how many are in a sperm cell?

7. Sperm cells are genetically (different / identical ).

8. Explain what each of the accessory glands add to semen and what the purpose of each secretion is. a. Seminal Vesicles b. Prostate Gland c. Bulbourethral Glands 9. What is pre-ejaculate? Is it possible to become impregnated with pre-ejaculate?

10. The penis is primarily made of ( muscle / bone tissue / large blood vessels ).

11. Where and when do sperm and semen mix for the first time?

12. What structure does a vasectomy sever? How does this affect the male reproductive tract?

13. How is neutering different than a vasectomy? What effects does this have?

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Female
Follicular Cells Oocyte Ovum Polar Body Ovulation Fallopian Tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina Menstruation 1. Label each of the female reproductive structures below:

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2. What occurs in the female reproductive system before birth? What doesnt begin until puberty?

3. How is meiosis in oogenesis different than in spermatogenesis?

4. How does the ovum travel down the fallopian tubes if it has no flagella?

5. For each of the stages of the menstrual cycle, explain what changes occur in the follicles of the ovary, the uterus, and hormonal levels.
Stage
Menstrual

Follicles / Ovaries

Uterus

Hormones

Proliferative

Secretory

6. Assuming that sperm can live for 5 days, what would be the most fertile time of the menstrual cycle?

7. What hormones are contained within the birth control pill? What do they prevent the female reproductive system from doing?

8. What is tubal ligation? How does it affect the female reproductive system? How is spaying different?

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Fertilization
1. Label each of the parts of the sperm cell below:

2. What is the purpose of each of these structures/organelles within the sperm? a. Acrosome b. Mitochondria c. Tail 3. What does the sperm have to travel through to reach the egg? (Start with the vagina)

4. How has the fertilized egg changed in the 7 days it takes to reach and implant into the uterus?

5. The placenta is a blood barrier. What does this mean?

6. Summarize the significant changes in the fetus during each of the trimesters of pregnancy. a. Trimester 1: b. Trimester 2: c. Trimester 3:

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7. Summarize the significant changes within the mother during pregnancy. Anatomical

Digestive

Urinary

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

8. During the process of labor and birth, describe what happens to each of the following structures: a. Uterus

b. Cervix

c. Amniotic Sac

d. Placenta, Umbilical Cord, and Afterbirth

9. Complete the path of the sperm and the egg to fertilization, then lead the embryo to the uterus. Page 6