INS 5313
Dr. Bouzidi
1
The emergence of Conflict Resolution is traced back to the era
which peacekeeping missions took place and how the peace operations
were carried out. Before going directly into the topic, it is important to
Yugoslavia into one of the most inhuman and vicious wars in history.
different interests and ideologies. Civil Wars and the severe economic
crisis worsened the social situation and left the country at strong
large.
away from it.” (107) As a note, the withdrawal of Slovenia from the
National Army, and it was this first conflict that strongly called for a
Nambiar, the first initiative that the international community took was
3
tension between these groups escalated the conflict to the point that
true to say that nationalism was the driving force that motivated the
was primarily carried out by “Mr. Cyrus Vance who was sent to
that it helped alleviate the conflict and gradually forced the Yugoslav
army forces to withdraw from the country as it was stated in the Vance
UN forces was, among other things, to ensure that that the United
instrumental in the sense that it was relatively able to limit the conflict.
enhanced the role and position of the United Nations regarding its
that the EC involvement in Yugoslavia crisis came after war broke out
Crisis. But, it became clear that the EC`s increased effort to resolve the
failure of the EC was because of the the hold out against Serbia or if it
6
was due to other significant reasons. Spyros Economides and Paul
sprang from the fact that it did not give serious attention to the root of
conflict.
“the new world order” (Michael Clarke, 11). The mounting of conflict in
the three states, Slovenia, Croatia and later Bosnia called for a strong
7
towards Bosnia, as it was the third country to break up. As the conflict
Civil war among the country`s Muslims, Serbs and Croats. The
resolution to the conflict until later when the Security Council decided
Yugoslavia to reinforce the view that the use of force to resolve internal
because the situations became hostile which then called for the
8
resolution 816 which called for using “all necessary measures” under
contributed to the unity of Bosnian and Croat parties and it was “The
and the United Nations in 1992. This plan was carried out in a form of
the EC, and Cyrus Vance, on the behalf of the UN, [and they]
essentially called for and ensured respect for human rights as well as
9
In relation to this, the involvement of the international
community in Bosnia was also seen through the Office of the United
came up as a result of the three-year civil war and the acts of violence
(Terrett, 100)
but it also its development in the long-run. Clarke says “It [U.S]
11
to quell hostilities which resulted in a great number of refugees in the
(Scorgie, 28)
agreement did not last in the sense that Milosevic did not stick with the
mediation approach at this point was taken by the Contact Group (The
strikes, but the effort was not effective. In essence, this situation left
NATO with one choice and that was to start its bombing mission. After
1
NATO's role in relation to the conflict in Kosovo, http://www.nato.int/kosovo/history.htm
12
that, the involvement of NATO brought the conflict to an end and,
a more serious note, this leaves us with the view that, although it was
economic difficulties, and the rise of nationalism were the same factors
that significantly led to the outbreak of the war in the other Yugoslavia
13
international response to the conflict in Macedonia showed the active
and cause further threat to security and stability of the region at large.
14
troops, a revision of the constitution to give more rights to
Albanians, and civilian monitors to assist the return of
refugees. (128)
that the United States and the European Union both had a significant
the US and EU mediatory activity paved the way to NATO forces for
Bruce W. Hamilton
15
taken preventive measures to aid conflict resolution. More importantly,
groups. Linked to this is the leading role that NGOs undertook to help
bring an end to the ethnic conflict between the Albanians and Serbs.
Services, the Center for Inter Ethnic Relations and Search for Common
are effective in terms of the measures they use to promote and foster
2006 and its history was inextricably linked to that of Serbia. Although
16
This paper has examined major conflict resolution approaches
the United Nations and NATO played a critical role in that they
Yugoslavia war.
17
Bibliography
18
Clarke, Michael. “Constructing International Crises.” Paper presented at
the World International Studies Conference. 23rd-26th July,
Ljubljana, Slovenia. European Studies and Modern Languages. <
www.wiscnetwork.org/getpaper.php?id=244 ->.
Gow, James. 1997. Triumph of the lack of will. United Kingdom: C. Hurst.
Terrett, Steve. 2000. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia and the Badinter Arbitration
Commission: A contextual study of peace-making efforts in the post-Cold War
world. England. Dartmouth.
Webb, Keith, Vassiliki Koutrakou, and Mike Walters. 1996. The Yugoslavian
Conflict, European Mediation, and the Contingency Model: A Critical
Perspective, Ed. Jacob Bercovitch, 171-189.USA: Lynne Rienner.
19
Works Consulted
20
Operations: Ad Hoc Missions, Permanent Engagement, Ed. Ramesh Thakur
and Albrecht Schnabel, 215-235. New York: UN University.
21