2.

BUS matrix in the presence of mutually Formation of Y coupled elements

c connected between nodes u and v is Let us consider Fig. 2.9. In this gure, the impedance Z d connected between nodes x and y through a mutual mutually coupled with the impedance Z m . The currents through the impedances, the voltages across the impedances and the impedance Z injected currents at all the four nodes are also shown in Fig. 2.9.

Figure 2.9: Two mutually coupled impedances From Fig. 2.9, the relationship between the voltages and currents associated with the two impedances can be written as,

c Z m c Z V = m Z d d Z V
Or, Or,

c I d I c V d V

c Z m c Z I = m Z d d Z I

c V 1 = 2 c Z d Z m Vd Z

d Z m Z m c Z Z c V d V

c Y m c I Y = d m Y d Y I
Where,

(2.8)

c = Y

d Z ; 2 c Z d Z m Z

d = Y

c Z ; 2 c Z d Z m Z

m = and Y

Now from Fig. 2.9,

c u V v V V = d x V y = V V Vu V c V v d = C V V x Vy

Or,

Vu v 1 1 0 0 V 0 0 1 1 Vx Vy

m Z 2 c Z d Z m Z

(2.9)

where, C =

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

(2.10)

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Again, from Fig. 2.9,

Iu Ic I I v c = = Ix Id Iy Id
From equations (2.8) and (2.10),

1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

c I d = C I

c I d I

(2.11)

c c Y m I Y = d m Y d I Y

c c Y m V Y = d m Y d V Y

Vu V v C V x Vy Vu V v C V x Vy

Or,
T

Iu I c I v = = d I I x Iy =

c Y m Y m Y d Y

(2.12)

Now,

c Y m Y m Y d Y

1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

c Y m Y m Y d Y

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
(2.13)

Or,

c Y m Y m Y d Y

1 0 c Y c 1 0 Y 0 1 Ym Ym 0 1

m Y m Y d Y d Y
(2.14)

Or,

c Y m Y m Y d Y

c Y m Y m Yc Y Y c Y m Y m Y c = m Ym Y Yd Yd m Y d Ym Y Yd
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(2.15)

Hence, from equations (2.12) and (2.15)

c Y m Y m V Iu Yc Y u I v c c Y m Y m V Y v Y = m Ix Ym Y Yd Yd Vx m Y d d V Iy Ym Y Y y
From equation (2.16),

(2.16)

u = Y c V u Y c V v + Y m V x Y m V y I c V u Y c V v + Y m V x Y m V y + Y m V u Y m V u = Y c (V u V v ) + (Y m )(V u V x ) + Y m (V u V y ) = Y
Or, (2.17)

u = I uv + I ux + I uy I
Similarly,

(2.18)

v = Y c V u + Y c V v Y m V x + Y m V y I c V u + Y c V v Y m V x + Y m V y + Y m V v Y m V v = Y c (V u V v ) + (Y m )(V v V y ) + Y m (V v V x ) = Y
Or, (2.19)

v = I vu + I vy + I vx I

(2.20)

x = Y m V u Y m V v + Y d V x Y d V y I m V u Y m V v + Y d V x Y d V y + Y m V x Y m V x = Y d (V x V y ) + (Y m )(V x V u ) + Y m (V x V u ) = Y
Or, (2.21)

x = I xy + I xu + I xv I

(2.22)

Equations (2.18), (2.20) and (2.22) can be represented by the partial networks shown in Figs. 2.10, 2.11 and 2.12 respectively. Combining Figs. 2.10, 2.11 and 2.12, Fig. 2.13 is obtained. Again from the last row of equation (2.16),

y = Y m V u + Y m V v Y d V x + Y d V y I m V u + Y m V v Y d V x + Y d V y + Y m V y Y m V y = Y d (V y V x ) + (Y m )(Y y V v ) + Y m (Y y V u ) = Y
(2.23)

It can be observed that equation (2.23) is also represented by Fig. 2.13. Therefore, the voltage21

Figure 2.10: Partial network corresponding to equation (2.18) current relationship of equation (2.16) is adequately represented by Fig. 2.13. Thus, Fig. 2.13 can be considered as an equivalent circuit of Fig. 2.9. As Fig. 2.13 does not contain any mutual BUS formulation can be adopted for this circuit also. admittance, usual method for Y Fig. 2.13 shows the most general case in which all the four nodes are distinct from each other. However, in many cases mutual coupling exists between two elements which have one common node between them. The equivalent circuit for this case can also be derived from Fig. 2.13. For example, in Fig. 2.13, if nodes v and y are common (say w), then the equivalent circuit becomes as shown in Fig. 2.14. Moreover, if the nodes u and x are also common (say s), then the equivalent circuit BUS formulation can be adopted for these two is shown in Fig. 2.15. Again, the usual method for Y circuits also. We are now in a position to write down the basic power ow equation, which we will take up in the next lecture.

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Figure 2.11: Partial network corresponding to equation (2.20)

Figure 2.12: Partial network corresponding to equation (2.22)

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Figure 2.13: Combined network of Figs. 2.10, 2.11 and 2.12

Figure 2.14: Equivalent circuit with one common node

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Figure 2.15: Equivalent circuit with two common nodes

25