SLAGGING

1. Influence of ash fusion temperature : Slagging is a phenomenon that ash melts in combustion furnace (boiler) and stick to radiation walk in liquid form. It is judged by the fact that whether ash fusion temperature is higher or lower than gas temperature around radiation wall. It is generally believed that coal having ash fusion temperature higher than 1300oC would not have slagging. Influence of ash content : For the coal with high slagging propensity, amount of slaggs building up on radiation wall has linear relationship with amount of ash to be fed into boiler. Special consideration is to be taken when low calorific coal with high ash content is to be burned. Ash Slagging index (see attached exhibit 17) For your information Berau Coal is categorized in lignitic type ash coal. Influence of Sulphur content: If sulphur content is high slagging propensity would increase because Sulphur (S) combines with alkaline ingradients and form sulphate with low fusion temperature. Sulphur content less than 20% would be desirable in terms of preventing slagging problem.

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A. Bituminous type ash ( Fe2O3 > CaO + MgO ) Slagging Index Rs =

B x S content A

Where:

B Fe2O3 + CaO + MgO + Na2O + K 2O = A SiO2 + Al2O3 + TiO2

Index Rs < 0.6 0.6 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.6 > 2.6

Slagging Propensity Low Medium High Severe

B. Lignitic type ash ( Fe2O3 < CaO + MgO) Slagging Index Where:
TH + 4TID 5 TH: Hemisphere ash fusion temperature (higher of oxidizing or reducing atm.) TID: Initial deformation temperature (lower of oxidizing or reducing atm.)

Rs =

Index Rs > 1350 1350 - 1231 1230 - 1150 < 1150

Slagging Propensity Low Medium High Severe