Ep Semi0910 Fs

FAKULTI SAINS
SOALAN PEPERIKSAAN SEMESTER JULAI

SESI2009/2010
PENGAJIAN SISWAZAH
BIL KOD MATA PELAJARAN NAMA MATA PELAJARAN MUKASURAT
1 MSM 1013 / MSJ 1523 MATHEMATICAL METHODS / METHODS IN ENG ...
2 MSM 1153 APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEX ANA...
3 MSF 1123 / 1122 ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS
4 MSM 1143 FLUID MECHANICS & HEAT TRANSFER
5 MSM 1173 / MSJ 1513 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
6 MSK 1213 ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
7 MSM 1213 GROUP THEORY I
8 MSM 1263 POINT SET TOPOLOGY
9 MSM 1353 PARALLEL COMPUTING
10 MSK 1323 ADVANCED BIOCHEMISTRY
II MSM 1313 NUMERICAL ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUAT...
12 MSK 1433 SURFACE AND COLLOID CHEMISTRY
13 MSF 1423 BULK SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS
14 MSM 1413 MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS
15 MSF 1423 BULK SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS
16 MSM 1413 MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS
17 MSF 1413 ANALYTICAL PHYSICS
18 MSF 15 12 / 15 13 OPTOELECTRONICS
19 MSM 1423 PROBABILITY THEORY
20 MSK 1613 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
21 MSM 1643 HEURISTIC METHODS
22 MSK 1733 SYNTHESIS AND MECHANISM OF COORDINATIO...
23 MSK 1713 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
24 MSK 1743 BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY
25 MSN 1803 FORENSIC EVIDENCE AND THE ASPECTS OF LAW
26 MSN 1802 FORENSIC PRACTICAL
27 MSN 1913 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
28 MSN 1983 FIREARMS & FORENSIC BALLISTICS
30000010208713 '
\ ~ } \ C \ \ ) C \ 0 - ~ \ .
SOALAN PEPERIKSAAN
SEMESTER JULAI
2009/2010
FAKULTI SAINS
PENGAJIAN SISWAZAH
UTM
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA FACULTY OF SCIENCE
......................................................................
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I SESSION 2009/2010
MSMI013 1MSJ1523
MATHEMATICAL METHODSI
METHODS IN ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
ASSOC. PROF. DR. JAMALLUDIN TALIB
ASSOC. PROF. DR. SHAMSUDDIN AHMAD
MSM/MSJ
2 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
PART A:
FOR MSMI013: Answer questions 1,2 and 3 only.
FOR MSJ1523 : Answer questions 1,2 and 4 only.
PARTB:
Answer all three questions.
(THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 7 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE)
MSM 10131 MSJ 1523
Part A : Answer three questions.
For MSMlO13 : Answer questions 1,2 and 3 only.
For MSJ1523 : Answer questions 1,2 and 4 only.
1. (a) Explain what is meant by an exponential order. Give an example of a function
that is not of exponential order but has a Laplace transform.
[5 marks]
(b) Letj(x) be a continuous function with a sectionally continuou derivativej'(x)
over every finite interval 0::; x::; X . Ifj(x) is of exponential order O(e
aJ
) as x
tend to infinity, then show that for s > lX, the Laplace transfor of j'(x) exists an
is given by
L{j' (x)} = sL{j(x)} - j(O).
[S marks]
(c) Use Laplace transform to solve the following boundary value roblem,
Un (x,t) = c
2
u;u (x,t) , 0 < X < L, t> 0,
u(x,O) = 0, <x < L,
U/ (x,O) = 0, 0 < X < L,
u(O, t) = 0 , t > 0,
u,,(L,t)=A,t>O.
[10 marks]
2. (a) (i) Give the definition of the Fourier Sine and Fourier Cosine t ansforms.
(ii) Determine the Fourier sine transform of j"(t) .
(iii) Given a boundary value problem, explain under what cond tions would you
use the Fourier Sine or the Fourier Cosine transforms whe solving the
problem.
[10 marks]
(b) Find the general solution to the following Dirichlet problem 0 a semi-infinite
strip given below.
U;u (x,y) +UY.Y (x,y) = 0, x > 0, 0 < y < A
u(O,y) = 0, <y <A
u(x,O) = 0, x > 0
u(x,A) = j(x) , x > O.
[10marks]
2
3. (a) Give the definition of the Z transform and its inverse.
[4 marks]
[4 marks]
(c) The difference equation associated with the repeated dosage drug level model is
given by
y[n+l]=ay[n]+b, y[O]=Yo'
where a, band yare constants.
Find the solution to the above problem using;
(i) Z-transforms
(i i) residues.
(iii) convolution.
[12 marks]
4. (a) Define a bilinear transformation.
[4 marks]
(b) Let a bilinear transformation. maps three distinct points Zj' Zz and Z3 onto three
distinct points WI' W
z
and W
3
respectively. Show that the implicit formula for
the mapping is given by the equation
(Z-ZI)(ZZ -Z3) (w-w,)(w
z
-w
3
)
---'---'--"-----..::"- =- - ~ ' - - " - - - - - " - ' - -
(Z-Z3)(ZZ -Zl) (w-w
3
)(W
Z
-WI)
Construct the bilinear transformation W = fez) that maps -i, 1 and i onto the
points -I, 0 and 1 respectively.
[8 marks]
(c) Show that the function W = fez) = ~ +Z is a conformal mapping of the disk
[-Z
Iz 1< 1 onto the right half-plane Re(w) > 0, then show that
(x,y) = Arctan( Z 2x
z
Jis harmonic in the disk Iz 1< 1.
x + y -1
[8 marks]
3
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
lINIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA FACULTY OF SCIENCE
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSF 1123/1122
ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS
PROF. DR. NOORDDIN IBRAHIM
MSF
9 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS FOR MSF 1123
FOR MSF 1123, ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
FOR MSF 1122, CHOOSE ONLY 4 QUESTIONS
([HIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 5 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE)
1. (a) List 4 main intrinsic properties of quarks_ Explain TWO reasons why
we cannot see quark in isolation.
[6 marks]
(b) Based on Q values, the decay of<I> --+ 3n is 20 times favored than the
decay <I> --+ 2K. Experiments found that 85% of <I> meson decay to 2K
while only 15% goes to 3n. Explain the discrepancy.
[ 6 marks]
(c) Define charged and neutral currents. How do they differ with respect
to conservation of strangeness in weak interaction? Give an example of
each.
[ 4 marks]
(d) Why does observation of the process vI! + e- --+ vI! + e- constitute
unambiguous evidence for weak current, whereas the observation of V
e
+ e- --+ V
e
+ e- does not?
[ 4 marks]
2. (a) Using Feynman diagram, detennine the probable particle X in the
following Strong Interactions;
(i) n++p--+K++p+X
(ii) KG + P --+ 1\ + KG + X
(iii) P + X --+ ~ + + K+
[ 6 marks]
(b) Using Feynman diagram, analyse the following reactions according to
their quark content
(i) K- + P --+ fr + K+ + KG
(ii) D---+ KG + n
(iii) K + P --+ S- + K+
[6 marks]
(c) Comments on the feasibility ofthe following reactions
(i) p--+e++y
(ii) 2- --+ 1\ + n
(iii) p + p --+ :2:+ + n + KO + 'It
(iv) vI! + P --+ J.t+ + n
[ 8 marks]
3. (a) Define the scalar product of two four-vector xand y. Apion at rest
decays via n ---+ J.1 + v. Find the speed of the muon, v in tenns of tr',
and my.
[ 10 11l<H;
(b) A neutral particle X
O
decays via X
O
---+ A+ + B-. The momentum
components ofthe final state particles are measured to be (in OeVIc):
pxtPv pz
A -0.488 -0.018 2.109
B- __-_._2_55__ __- L..

Test the hypothesis that the decay is either (a) D ---+ K + n+ or
(b) A ---+ P + n
[ 10 marks]
4. (a) Define Charge (C) and Parity (P) operations.
[ 4 marks]
(b) KO decays to either 2n or 3n. Show that CP operation of2n is + I while
CP of3n is -I.
[6 marks]
(c) Quantum mechanically mixing can occur between KO and KO via
intennediate pion states the two possible
mixing modes in tenns of quarks states.
[ 4 marks]
(d) Explain the meaning of strangeness oscillation with reference to
neutral kaon produced in strong interaction:
n-+p---+Ko+Ao
[6marks]
5. (a) Consider collision of proton beam with fixed hydrogen target to
produce a bunch of particles X such that;
p+p ....... p+p+X
(i) Show that the threshold energy, E1h is greater than twice the rest
energy of particle to produce.
[ 4 marks]
(ii) Compare the percentage energy lost to the CM momentum for
the production of neutral pion, 7[0 and W boson.
[ 6 marks]
(b) If both particles participate as colliding beams, what would be the
answer to (a)(ii).
[ 4 marks]
(c) Explain the particles interactions and processes that occur in the early
universe during the time period oft = 10-
12
sec to t = 1.0 sec after the
Big-Bang.
[ 6 marks]
6. (a) In standard model, neutrinos are assumed to have zero mass. Explain
the phenomena that can occur if neutrinos have non-zero mass.
[ 6 marks]
(b) What is meant by lepton-quark symmetry? Explain its implication.
[ 5 marks]
(c) For the kaon to decay into i + ~ , it requires the presence of s +u .......
W' vertex. However, this vertex does not exists in the lepton-quark
symmetry scheme. Explain how can the decay be successfully
incorporateinto the scheme.
[ 5 marks]
(d) Why does the semi-Ieptonic decay o f ~ + ....... n + e++ V
e
is forbidden?
[ 4 marks]
MSM 1013/MSJ 1523
PARTB
5. (a) Prove:
(i) f(n +1) =nf(n) , n > O.
(ii) f(!-) = ,J;
2
[10 marks]
(b) A particle of mass m starts from rest at r = 1and moves along a radial
line toward the origin r =0 under the reciprocal force law f =- ~ ,
r
where k is a positive constant. The energy equation ofthe particle is given
by
1 (dr)2
-m - +klnr=O
2 dt
(i) Show that the time required for the particle to reach the origin is
(ii) If the particle starts from rest at r = a (a> 0), the energy equation
becomes
1 (d)2
- m'-:" +kin r =k In a .
2 dt
Again find the time required for the particle to reach the origin.
[10 marks]
4
MSM 1013IMSJ 1523
6. (a) Prove that
(i) B(m,n) =2 f2 sin 2m-l BCOS
2n
-
1
BdB
(
ii) B(m n) = rem) r(n) m n> O.
, r(m+n)"
[10 marks]
3
(b) Show that Iffdx dy dz =~ {[Olm)} a
3
where V is the region
v 3m r(3/m)
in the first octant bounded by
. - IfJxdxdydz - 3a r(2/m)r(3/m)
Hence, If x = ffr ' show that x = - / /.
j,dxdydz 4 [0 m)r(4 m)
[10 marks]
5
MSM 1013IMSJ 1523
7. (a) The hypergeometric equation
d
2
d
x(I-x)-?+{c - (a +b +l)x}-.2:. - aby =0
dx dx
has a series solution
a>
y(x) =Lcmxk+m, Co *0.
m=O
Show that the indicial equation and recurrence relation for the hypergeometric
equation are
cOk(k -1 +c) == O.
and
Cm== (k +m -1 +a)(k +m -I +b) cm-l' m ~ 1
(k+m)(k+m-l+c)
respectively.
Show that the general solution of the hypergeometric equation is
y(x) == A F(a,b;c;x) +B F(l- c +a, 1- c +b;2 - c;x),
where A and B are constants.
[13 marks]
(b) A large number of differential equations in physics and engineering
problems are specializations of the form
d
2
d
2
x2----t+(l-2a)x.-1.+[b2c2x2C +(a
2
_C
p
2)]y=0; p"2.0, b >0.
dx dx
The general solution of which, expressed in terms of Bessel functions, is
where C\ and C
2
are arbitrary constants.
Find the general solution of Airy's equation
d
2
y
--2+xy=O.
dx
[7 marks]
6
MSM 1013IMSJ 1523
List of Definitions
1. Gamma Function
The gamma function, denoted by f(n) is defined by
which is convergent for n > O.
2. Beta Function
The beta function, denoted by B(m,n) is defined by
B(m,n) = 1xm-l(1-xr-Idx
which is convergent for m > 0, n > O.
3. Hypergeometric Function
The hypergeometric function, denoted by F(a,b;c;x) is defined by
F(a b' c' x) = 1+ a b x + a(a + l)b(b + 1) x
2
+...
, , , 1 c 12 c(c + 1)
4. Dirichlet Integrals
If V denotes the closed region in the first octant bounded by the surface
( ~ y +(Y)q +(.:.)' =1
abc
and the coordinate planes, and if all the constants are positive, then
7
,
I
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
......................................................................
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM1l53
APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEX
ANALYSIS
ASSOC. PROF. DR. ALI HASSAN MOHAMED
MURID
M.Sc. (MATHEMATICS)
27 OCTOBER 2009
3 HOURS
ANSWER ALL SIX QUESTIONS AND SHOW ALL
YOUR WORK
MSM 1153
[12 marksT
2. Show that
l
Tr/2 1 lTr/2
1= Incosxdx = -- In(l +tan
2
x) dx.
020
Using the substitution u = tan x, show that
1= du =
2 -00 1 +u 2
[14 marksJ
Hence use residue theory to show that
00 1 71"2 2 71" 1
S = I: (2 )2 = -4csch 71" +- coth 71" - -2
n=l n +1 4
[20 marksJ
4. Find a function u(x, y) harmonic inside the unit circle [zl = 1 and
taking the prescribed values on its circumference given by
(
. ) {1, 0< e< 7r,
U .x, Y = 0, (J
71" < < 271",
using
(a) Poisson integral formula r4 marksT
(b) bilinear transformation that maps the unit disk onto the upper
half-plane such that
-1 - 00, -i - -1, 1 - O.
[12 marksJ
(c) Interpret the solution in terms of electric potential [3 marks}
2
[13 marks}
5. Complete each of the following two steps to find the bilinear transfor
mation T(z} that maps
D= {z: Iz- 4
1
1
4
1
and Izl::; I}
onto the annulus H = {w : P ::; Iwl ::; I}:
(a) Find a pair of points A, A* on the real axis such that A < A*
which are symmetric with respect to the circles-.
[10 marks]
(b) Show that the bilinear transformation T(z) such that T(-1) = 1,
T(A} = (}, and T(A*) = 00 is
z-A
T(z) = Az - l'
Determine also the value of p.
[14 marks}
6. Interpret the flow of an ideal fluid with complex potential w = O(z} =
z2 when z is restricted to the first quadrant. Sketch several streamlines
of the flow.
[11 marksl
3
I" z'

Y
Meson Properties ElI'J:'lt-I"M'rl
,,' z' y

Baryon Properties ElI'J:ltn,lr/
P;l;lOl1c: PllTdCJ
Particle Symbol Content Spin Mass (GeV/c') Anti-Part Content
proton p uud
1
2 0.938
P
OOd
neutron n udd
1
2 0.940 Ii Odd
Sigma plus
r+
uus
1
2 1.180 r
-
DOs
Sigma zero
rO
uds
1
2 1.193
rO
Dds
Lambda zero uds
1
2 1.116 "8 Dds
Sigma minus
r
dds
1
2 1.197
r+
dds
Cascade zero =.
-
uss
1
2 1.315 =. ass
Cascade minus
-
dss
1
2 1.321
+
=. dss
PlllJlu
Particle Symbol Content Spin Mass (GeV/c') Anti Content
Charged pion n+ ud 0 0.140
n-
du
neutral pion rro
uCi,dd 0 0.135
eta
"
UU, dd, ss 0 0.547
eta prime r( uu, dd, ss 0 0.958
charge kaon
K+
uS 0 0.494 K
-
sa
neutral kaon
KO
ds 0 0.498
RO
sd
charge rho p+ ud 1 0.770 p dO
neutral rho
pO
ua,dd 1 0.770
omega UJ uO,dd 1 0.782
phi Ijl ss 1 1.020
charged K star
K*+
us 1 0.892
K"
sa
neutral K star
K"o
ds 1 0.892
K*0
sd
PHY-653 EPP Units and Farmulae Slide 8 of 21 0 PHY-653 EPP Units and Formulae Slide 6 of 21 ..
"z'..J/
/.6:PPI

Baryon Properties (2)
Delta plus plus
8+
uuu
1.

1.232
E
UOO
Delta plus 8 uud
t
1.232 E aDd
Delta zero 11 udd t 1.232 11 udd
Delta minus IS ddd
3
'2
1.232 Ii ddd
Sigma" plus
r ....
uus
3
'2 1.189
r"
DDs
Sigma" zero
r"o
uds
3
'2 1.193
r"o
Ods
Sigma" minus
r"
dds
1.

1.197
r*+
dds
Cascade" zero
=*0
-
uss
1.

1.315
=*0
-
Dss
Cascade" minus
*
=. dss t
1.321
-*
dss
Omega minus
(2
sss
1.
2
1.672
(2+
sss
Lambda c Xc udc
1
2 2.285 lie
Ode
Lambda b udb
1
2 5.641 Odb
" z' y

Pallide PhyllCI
Meson Properties (2)
J psi J/IlI ce 0 3.097
upsilon T bb 0 9.460
D plus
D+
cd 0 1.869 D de
D zero
DO
ca 0 1.865 5 ue
D sub s cS 0 1.969 D; se
B plus
B+
ub 0 5.279
B
bO
B zero
BO
db 0 5.279
BO
bd
B sub s s5 0 5.375 bs
PHY-653 EPP Units and Formulae Slide 9 of 21 If) PHY-653 EPP Units and Formulae Slide 7 of 21 0
UTM
UNIVERsm TEKttOLOOI MALAYSIA
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
FAKULTI SAINS
FINAL EXAMINATION
CODE MSM 1143
SUBJECT FLUID MECHANICS & HEAT TRANSFER
LECTURER PROFESSOR DR. NORSARAHAIDA S. AMIN
COURSE MSM
DATE 11 NOVEMBER 2009
TIME 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
MSM1143
1. (a) Given the linear constitutive equation for micro-isotropic fluids as
cr =[-P+AV+ ~ N]8+Jl(v.. +v .. )+(Jl -n)(v .-v)+2(Jl -Jll)N.
'J J,J ''0 D 'J '.J J.' 0 rI ',J J.' 0 IJ
where Nij =kCijtNt, is the gyration tensor. Show that
Hence, show that the equation of momentum for an incompressible micropolar
fluid can be written in vector form as
Dv 2
p-=-VP+(Jl+K)V v+K(VxN)+F
Dt
[10 marks]
2. The equations of motion for the laminar flow of a viscous and incompressible fluid, in
the absence of body force can be written as
av (- -) - 1 - -2
---=-+ VV V=--Vp+vV V
at p
where the bar denotes dimensional quantities.
(a) Carry out the non-dimensionalization process and show that the following
equations
represent a valid first approximation to the continuity and Navier-Stokes
equation in the limit of very small Reynolds number.
[10 marks]
(b) For axisymmetric flows in cylindrical polar coordinate, the velocity is related
to the stream function 11/ as follows:
V = (.!. all/ _all/ 01
r ao' ar' )
2
MSM 1143
By taking the curl of the momentum equation in part (a), show that the
equation governing slow flow is given by the biharmonic equation
where 2 1[a( aJ a (1 aJ]
\l =-;: ar rar + ao -;: ao
[10 marks]
3. Consider the following dimensional equations governing an unsteady two
dimensional flow of micropolar fluid consisting of the continuity, the x-momentum,
the y-momentum and the microrotation equation respectively, where
aii av
-+-=0
OX ay ,
(a) Determine the order of magnitude of the boundary layer thickness 8 and
velocity v n terms of the Reynolds number Re = UooL ,where U0Ci and L are
v
the velocity and length scales respectively and v=!::!.. is the kinematic
p
viscosity andj is the microrotation parameter.
[10 marks]
(b) Derive the appropriate boundary layer equations by introducing suitable non
dimensional quantities and considering the correct limit of Re.
[20 marks]
3
MSM 1143
(c) Consider the following momentum equation in tenns of the stream function
If/:
2 2 2 2
a lf/ + alf/ a lf/ _ alf/ a lf/ =x + (1 + K) a lf/ + K aN
8y8t ay ayax ax ay ay3 ay
Using the transformation T/ =rt) , show that a suitable stream function can be
defined as If/=xr!(r,,,) . Then by setting N=xr-'h(r,T/) , determine the
function r(t) and show that the above equation can be written as
[I 5marks]
4. (a) Consider the governing equations describing the flow between two infinitely
long horizontal plates, separated by a distance h. Gravity g acts in the
negative y-direction, and each plate is subjected to a sinusoidal temperature
field which moves with speed U in the negative x-direction. With pressure
eliminated from the Navier-Stokes equations, show that within the
Boussinesq approximation, the governing equations can be written in
dimensionless forms as
2 2
where V: = h
2
e a + a ' and h is the length scale in the y-direction, k-
I
,
ax
2
ay
2
where k is the wave-number of the thennal field, is the typical length in the x
direction, (kUr
l
is the time scale. The stream function ljI has been scaled
w
with hUe where U
e
is the typical velocity ghPT , T
w
being a typical
U
temperature and P the coefficient ofexpansion of the fluid. The
dimensionless parameters &, R
s
and (j are defined as & = pT",gh / U
2
,
&2 V
-=--2' a=V/K.
R
s
kUh
[IS marks]
4
MSM1143
(b) Consider the following partial differential equation
cosh fll y-
(
1J]
where To = 1+it 1 2 ei(X+I), a is a constant and V ~ is defined as
[ cosh- fll
2
in part (a). By writing '11'0 =!(y)i(X+I), show that the general solution for the
above equation is given by
'11'0=
[10 marks]
5
UTM
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
......................................................................
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1173 1MSJ1513
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MUKHETA ISA
PROFESOR DR. MOHD NOR MOHAMAD
MSM,MSJ
10 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
MSM 1173/MSJ 1513
SECTION A
1. (a) Consider the Poisson equation in a rectangle,
p,
< x < a, < Y < b,
== 0, u(x, b) = j(x),
0, u(a, y) = g(y),
where p is a constant, j (x) and g(y) are some prescribed functions
of x and y respectively.
Outline all the necessary steps to be taken in order to solve the
above problem.
[10 Marks]
(b) The general solution u(r, e) of the exterior Dirichlet problem
1 1
U rr + - Ur + 2" U66 0, l<r<oo
r r
u(l, e) 1 - sine, 0< 0 < 21f
is given by
u(r, 0) = (A+Blnr)(Ce+D)+(Er
k
+ Fr-
k
) (GcoskO+HsinkO),
where A, B, C, D, E, F, G, Hand k are constants to be deter
mined.
(i) Show that B = C = E = and k = n, n = 1, 2, 3, ....
[5 Marks]
(ii) Find u(r, e).
[5 Marks]
2
MSM 1173/MSJ 1513
SECTION A
1. (a) Consider the Poisson equation in a rectangle,
V
2
u p, o< x < a, 0 < Y < b,
u(x, 0) 0, u(x, b) = j(x),
u(O, y) 0, u(a, y) = g(y),
where p is a constant, j(x) and g(y) are some prescribed functions
of x and y respectively.
Outline all the necessary steps to be taken in order to solve the
above problem.
[10 Marks]
(b) The general solution u(r, a) of the exterior Dirichlet problem
1 1
U
rr
+ - Ur + 2" u(} (} 0, l<r<oo
r r
u(l, a) 1 - sina, 0< a< 21f
is given by
u(r, a) = (A+Blnr)(Ca+D)+(Er
k
+ Fr-
k
) (Gcoska+Hsinka),
where A, B, C, D, E, F, G, Hand k are constants to be deter
mined.
(i) Show that B = C = E = 0 and k = n, n = 1, 2, 3, ....
[5 Marks]
(ii) Find u(r, a).
[5 Marks]
2
\
MSM 1173/MSJ 1513
2. Consider the diffusion equation
Ut = U
xx
- U
x
0< x < 1,
u(O, t) = 0,
u(l, t) 0,
2
U(x, 0) = e
X
/ .
(i) Using the transformation
U(x, t) = F(x, t)w(x, t)
where w satisfies
Wt W
xx
,
show that
F(x, t) =
[10 Marks]
(ii) Using the result in (i) and the method of separation of variables
find u(x, t).
[10 Marks]
3
MSM 1173/MSJ 1513
SECTION B
3. The error function is given by
2 (X
erf(x) = ft Jo e-
t
2
dt.
Obtain the first two terms in each of the asymptotic expansions for
(a) x ---+ 0+,
(b) x ---+ 00.
In part (b) find the general term and examine whether your expansion
converges for any finite x.
[20 Marks]
4. If y(x; c:) satisfies the equation
d
2
y dy 2
dx
2
+ dx + c: y = 0, 0 ~ x ~ 1,
find a three-term asymptotic solution subject to
1
y(O; c:) = 1 - ~ c:,
y(l;c:) = e- - ~ E e - 2 ,
as E ---+ 0+.
[20 Marks]
4
\
MSM 1173/MSJ 1513
5. Consider the nonlinear partial differential equation
2 2
a u a u (au) 2
ax2 + a
y
2 +E ay = 0,
subject to the conditions
u(x, 0) = 0, x > 0,
u(x, 1) = 0, x > 0,
u(x, y) -t 0 as x -t 00, 0 < y < 1,
u(O, y) = 2 sin7fy, 0 < Y < 1,
where E > 0 is a small parameter.
Use singular perturbation method to find the first two terms of the
asymptotic solution of the equation valid as E -t 0+.
[20 Marks]
5
\

UTM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
FINAL EXAMINATION
CODE MSK 1213
SUBJECT ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LECTURER ASSOC. PROF. DR. WAN AINI WAN IBRAHIM
(COORDINATOR)
PROF. DR. HASSAN Y. ABOUL ENEIN
PROF. DR. MOHD. MARSIN SANAGI
PROF. DR. RAHMALAN AHAMAD
ASSOC. PROF. DR. AZLI SULAIMAN
COURSE MSc (CHEMISTRY)
DATE 28
th
OCTOBER 2009
DURATION 2 hr 30 min
INSTRUCTION ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
(THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF ~ PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE)
.
QUESTION 1 (25 MARKS)
a. Calibration curves are used in analytical chemistry to find the quantitative relation
between two variables (e.g. response and concentration). Describe the difference
between internal standard calibration and standard addition calibration curve.
(10 marks)
b. Differentiate between the term repeatability and reproducibility m method
validation.
(4 marks)
c. Explain why separation in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is more efficient than high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
(6 marks)
d. Describe the principles of separation in micellar electrokinetic chromatography
(MEKC).
(5 marks)
a. State the effect of each of the following actions related to gas chromatography
(OC) on the height equivalent to theoretical plates (ll) i.e. whether H is increased,
unchanged, or decreased. Explain each of your answers briefly.
i. A longer but identical column is used.
ii. Longer time of injection.
iii. Reduce the flow rate to below the optimum.
iv. Use packing material with finer particles (smaller i.d.).
v. Reduce the column temperature.
(5 marks)
b. In a water analysis carried out in the laboratory, an aliquot of a polluted water
sample (50 mL) was acidified and the chlorophenol present in the sample was
extracted using dichloromethane (50 mL). A fraction of the extract (10 IJ.L) was
injected onto the OC to give a peak area of 53.7 arbitrary units. Another aliquot of
2
the polluted water sample (50 mL) spiked with 10 f-lg of pure chlorophenol was
extracted using dichloromethane (50 mL) and GC injection of 10 f-lL ofthe extract
gave a peak area of 97.1 arbitrary units. Determine the concentration uC
chlorophenol (f-lg/mL) in the polluted water sample.
(6 marks)
c. Gas chromatography (GC), a separation method based primarily on the differences
in volatility, often encounters problems with highly polar compounds such as fatty
acids and carbohydrates. Propose a suitable method to resolve this problem and to
allow the analysis of polar compounds.
(4 marks)
d. The following questions refer to mass spectrometry (MS).
1. Sketch the basic instrument of a quadrupole MS and label the major
components.
n. State three general applications of MS.
111 Suggest a method to increase the sensitivity and detection limits of MS as to
be especially suitable for the analysis of trace level of organic pollutants.
(10 marks)
a. Describe the process of electrothermal atomization III atomic absorption
spectroscopy (AAS). State the advantages of electrothermal atomization over flame
atomization.
(10 marks)
b. Explain the following observation in the atomic absorption spectroscopic method:
When lanthanum is added in excess to a solution of calcium, the absorption signal
is increased over that for the same concentration of calcium alone.
(5 marks)
c. Describe the conversion process of sample solution into excited atoms in the ICP
AES instrument.
(5 marks)
3
d. State the function of nebulizer, spray chamber, RF generator, plasma and mass
spectrometer in the ICP-MS instrument.
(5 marks)
QUESTION 4 (25 marks)
a. Describe the reversibility concept in cyclic voltammetry.
(5 marks)
b. What are the three factors that determine the characteristics of a voltammogram?
(3 marks)
c. Discuss the influence of scan rate on the cyclic voltammogram with reference to
diffusion layer thickness and kinetics of electron transfer reaction.
(7 marks)
d. Carbon is a good conductor but generally has a high surface porosity. Discuss the
issue and challenges when using a carbon-based working electrode in a
voltammetric experiment. Give a suggestion to overcome some of the problems
associate with the use of the carbon-based electrode.
(5 marks)
e. Describe the principle of the Third Generation Amperometric Biosensors.
(5 marks)
END OF QUESTIONS
4
CODE
SUBJECT
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCI10N
UTM
UNIVERSm TEKNOWGI MALAYSIA
FAKULTI SAiNS
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I SESSION 200912010
MSM 1213
GROUP THEORY I
ASSOC PROF DR NOR HANIZA SARMIN
MSM
28 OCTOBER 2009
3 HOURS
(THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 3 PRINTED PAGES
INCLUDING THIS PAGE)
GROUP THEORY I MSM1213
1. Given fum G { ( ; : ~ ) X,Y,fez}
(i) Show that G is a group under multiplication of matrices. [5]
(ii) Find the center of G, denoted by Z(G). [5]
2. (a) Let G =8
4
and N= {( 1 ), (1 2)(3 4), (1 3)(2 4), (1 4)(2 3)} is
a sUbgroup of G.
(i) Show that N is nonnal in G. [3]
(ii) Find all elements of order 2 in the factor group %. [3]
(iii) Decide if % is abelian. [2]
(iv) What is the order of (ij k)N, where (ij k) is a 3-cycle fromS
4
? [2]
(b) If Nand Mare nonnal subgroups of G, prove that NM is also a normal
subgroup of G. [4]
3. (a) Describe the conjugacy class of an abelian group. [3]
(b) Find all conjugacy classes of a quatemion group. [5]
4. (a) (i) Define a simple group. [2]
(ii) Decide whether G = 8
3
is simple or not. Justify your answer. [2]
(b) Show that a group G of order 595 has a nonnal Sylow-17 subgroup. [6]
5. (a) Show that the set of rational numbers, Ql, is a field. [6]
(b) Give an example of a commutative ring without zero-divisors that is not
an integral domain. Justify your answer. [4]
(c) Show that every nonzero element of Zn is either a unit or a zero-divisor. [4]
2
GROUP THEORY I
MSM1213
6. Let G =Z[.J2] ={a+b.J21 a,b E Z}With the usual addition and
multiplication operation. Show that
(i) G is an integral domain.
Oi) G is not a field.
[8]
[4]
7. (a) Define:
(i) ap-group.
(ii) a nilpotent group.
[2]
[41
(b) (i) Prove : All p-groups are nilpotent. [4]
(ii) Show that D
4
is nilpotent of class 2. [4]
8. (i) Show that G =(a, b Ib
2
a =b, ba
2
b =a) is a presentation of the trivial
group of one element. [41
(ii) Give a presentation of S3 using generators and relations. [4]
9. Let G=(a,b Ia
3
=b
2
=e, ba=a
2
b).
(i) List all elements of G. [4]
(ii) Write out the Cayley Table of G. [4]
(iii) Is G abelian? Give your reason.
[2]
3
UNlVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
FAKULTI SAINS
FINAL EXAMINATION
CODE MSM 1263
SUBJECT POINT SET TOPOLOGY
LECTURER DR KAMRAN FAKHAR
PROGRAMME MSc. (MATHEMATICS)
TIME 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION ANSWER ALL FIVE QUESTIONS
(THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 3 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING
THIS PAGE)
MSM1263
1. (a) Prove that the composition of two bijective functions is also bijec
tive.
[6 marks]
(b) State the definition of the limit point. Further, for a given set
X = {a, b, e} with topology T = {, X, {e}, {a, b}}, find the derived
set of A = {a,e}.
[7 marks]
(c) State the definition of the local base. Further, for a given set
X = {a, b, e, d} with topology T = {, X, {a}, {b, e}, {a, b, en. Find
a local base at each point of X.
[7 marks]
2. (a) If (A, TA) is a subspace of a topological space (X, T), then prove that
a subset B of A is closed in the subspace if and only if B = An F,
where F is some closed in (X, T).
[7 marks]
(b) Let (X, d) be a metric space. Define a function! (x, y) : X X X ~ R
as:
d(x,y)
!(x,y) = (l+d(x,y))'
Then prove that ! satisfies all the properties of a metric space.
[7 marks]
(c) Let X = R
2
be the usual metric space and let
A = {(x,y) E R
2
: x
2
+y2 < I}. Prove that A is open.
[6 marks]
2
MSM1263
3. (a) Let f : X ~ Y be a given function, then prove that f is continues
if and only if f(.4) ~ f(A) for each A ~ X.
[10 marks]
(b) Prove that second countability is a topological property.
[10 marks]
4. (a) State the definitions of Regular and Normal spaces. Further, prove
that every T
4
is a T
3
- space.
[10 marks]
(b) Prove that a topological space is (X, T) is normal if and only if for
every closed set F such that
F ~ u E T, :3 some VET such that F ~ v <;;;: V ~ u.
[10 marks]
5. (a) State the definitions of compact and countably compact spaces.
Further, prove that every compact space is countably compact.
[10 marks]
(b) Prove that a topological space is compact if and only if for each
family {Fa. : a E I} of closed subsets of X with the finite intersec
tion property, we have na.El Fa. =I- .
[10 marks]
---------- End of Questions ---------
3
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1353
PARALLEL COMPUTING
DR. NORMA ALIAS
M.Sc.
30 OCTOBER 2009
3 HOURS
DO ALL CALCULATIONS IN 4 DECIMAL PLACES
(fHIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 5 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE)
MSM 1353
1. (a) Describe the basic architecture of the parallel computers using Flynn's
Taxonomy.
(b) What are the general characteristics of shared memory and distributed memory
parallel computers? (lO marks)
2. The data of the computational complexity and communication cost for several
numerical methods are given in table below. Use the granularity formula to choose an
alternative numerical method. Give your reasons.
Numerical Computational
Methods complexity Communication cost
lADE 48.96 43.208431
AGE 55.95 33.160173
I
SOR
JACOBI
67.33
66.36
72.370487
74.380165
MULTl-D 67.33 79.343522
VECTOR 79.34 67.573696
I
(8 marks)
3. (a) Write the definition of implicit and explicit method.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the explicit parallelism and
implicit parallelism in terms of:
i) Accuracy and the convergence analysis
ii) Converting from sequential to parallel algorithm (6 marks)
4. The following parallel program computes an approximation to using 7[
2
numerical integration to calculate the area under the curve 4 I (l + x ) between
and 1. The interval [0,1] is divided into num_subintervals subintervals of width
Unum_subintervals. For each of these subintervals, the algorithm computes the
area of a rectangle with height such that the curve 4 I (1 + x
2
) intersects the
top of the rectangle at its midpoint. The sum of the areas of the
num_subintervals rectangles approximates the area under the curve. Increasing
num_subintervals reduces the difference between the sum of the rectangle's area
and the area under the curve. Complete the parallel code segment in Matlab
Distributed Computing, PVM or MPI language. Make sure all variables and
arrays are declared correctly.
1. #include < >
2. float num subintervals 10000; float subinterval;
3. #define NOM THREADS 2
4. void main ()
2
5. {int i; float x, pi, area 0.0;
6.
7.
8. for (i=l; i<= num_subintervals; i++){
9.
10.
11. }
?
. ,
12. pi
13. }
(5 marks)
5. The parallel algorithm of iterative method Gauss Seidel and Jacobi method are
used to solve a linear system of equations Ax=f. There are two flow chats to
show the parallel algorithms.
(a) Describe parallel algorithms 1 and 2 in terms of master-slave procedures and
communication activities
(b) What are the differences between parallel algorithms 1 and 2 ?
(c) Which IS the alternative parallel algorithm and explain why?
(8 marks)
Initial condition U"O I Uoj,
Boundary value,
Set value of [.
yes yes
Local max error,
I U'J" (1<+11_ U lli
'
11 < (:?
q
yes
Global max error
;>+--'T'-----'T'----'--'1'--Sendmaximum local
= max_erro;- < E ?
I
end end end I
I
J;
Send global max_error < t __
Parallel algorithm 1
Master
Slave 1 (P1)
Discretize equation
using Iterative
numerical method
E.g: Jacobi/GS
U",.," ..
Local max arter,
no
IU,,,.1 (k+"_U,}Ii'1)I <: I:?
from Startp, - endp1
Slave 2 (P2) Slave 3 (P3)
Discretize equation
using Iterative
numerical method
E.g: Jacobi/GS
U'.). ,:: ..
Local max error,
I U'Jo-, \ < t?
from Startpz - endp2 from StarIpJ - endp)
3
MSM 1353
Master
Slave 1 (Pl) Slave 2 (P2) Slave 3 (P3)
Local max error,
I U<J" UlJli"1
1
< L?
hom Staf\.2 - endp;z
I
00
l
S!art
InlbalconOtionU1,OfUo,j. Boundary value,
Setv"lueoft J
yes yes
-Sendlocal data 10 neighbours end local data 10 neighbours
Send global max_error < [
and stop
Global max error
: max_erra;"< L ?
Parallel algorithm 2
6. (a) Write the parallel perfonnance evaluations fonnula based on Amdahl's Law.
(b) Analyze the parallel perfonnance evaluations above in tenns of speedup,
efficiency, effectiveness and temporal performance of the data below:
Number of processors Time execution (s)
1 122.00
3 46.221
5 30.300
7 23.734
9 19.580
11 16.896
13 14.951
15 13.350
(10 marks)
7. The model problem under consideration IS one dimensional parabolic equation
(Smith, 1979).
au a
2
u
o<t
iit- ax2 '
with initial condition U(x,O)=sinm
and boundary condition U(O,t)=U(l,t)=o.
4
MSM 1353
Subject to the exect solution of equation, U(x,O) =e-
m
sin(nx)
(a) Write the approximaton stencil using finite difference method, use A = ~ .
( ~ A i
(b) Generate the linear system of equations Au=j
(c) Describe the sequential algorithms of Gauss Seidel method algorithms in detail
for solving the partial differential equation above. (you need to use a loop to
achieve the convergence criterion 0.001).
(d) Consider 2-D, (n x m) finite difference grid, where n is number of grid points in
each of two horizontal dimensions, and m is number of grid points in vertical
dimension.
(i) Explain the PVM prototype of the communication between the neighbor
processors as the following.
for (i = 0; i < timestep-l; i++) {
if (left ! = 0) {
pvm_initsend(PvmDataDefault) ;
pvm-pkdouble(&A[wh(i,O)] ,1,1);
pvm_send(left, 5);
}
if (right 1= 0) {
pvm_recv(right, 5);
pvm_upkdouble(&rightdata, 1, 1);
pvm_initsend(PvmDataDefault) ;
pvm-pkdouble(&A[wh(i,num_data-l)] ,1,1);
pvm_send(right, 6) ;
}
if (left 1= 0) {
pvm_recv(left, 6) ;
pvm_upkdouble(&leftdata,l,l) ;
}
}
(ii) Write the procedure of parallel Gauss Seidel method above in tenns of
domain decomposition and agglomerate. (15 marks)
5
UTM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2009/2010
SUBJECT CODE MSK 1323
SUBJECT NAME ADVANCED BIOCHEMISTRY
LECTURER PROF. DR. WAN AZLINA AHMAD
COURSE MSK
DATE 19
TH
OCTOBER 2009
TIME 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
(THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF SEVEN (7 ) PRINTED PAGES
INCLUSIVE OF TIDS PAGE)
MSK 1323
Section A (21 marks)
For Questions 1 to 14, mark the correct answer on the OMR fonn provided. There
will be only one correct answer for each question. (1.5 marks each)
1. The absorption of glucose in the digestive tract
A is an energy requiring process
B is stimulated by the enzyme insulin
C occurs more rapidly than the absorption of any other sugar
o is impaired in cases of diabetis mellitus
2. Both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis involve which of the following enzyme?
A pyruvate carboxylase
B ketolase
C hexokinase
o phosphoglycerate kinase
3. Enzymes leading to the high energy phosphorylation of substrates during
glycolysis include which of the following?
A phosphoglycerate kinase
B enolase
C pyruvate kinase
o glyceraldehydes- 3- phosphate dehydrogenase
4. Which of the following enzyme is NOT part of the glyoxylate cycle?
A isocitrate dehydrogenase
B malate dehydrogenase
C malate synthase
o citrate synthase
2
5. The glyoxylate cycle allows plants and bacteria _
A to produce more energy from acetyl-CoA
B to achieve higher rates of glycolysis.
C to use acetyl-CoA to produce carbohydrates.
D to generate more ATP.
6. occurs within the matrix of the mitochondria.
A TCA cycle
B ATP synthesis
C Donation of electrons from NADH to the electron transport chain
D All of the above
7. Which class of lipoprotein functions to transport dietary triacylglycerol?
A VLDL
B IDL
C LDL
D Chylomicrons
8. Triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed in the intestine by
A pancreatic lipase
B lipoprotein lipase
C hormonal sensitive lipase
D bile salts
9. When blood glucose is low, is released and is
stimulated:
A glucagon gluconeogenesis
B epinephrine glucokinase
C insulin glycogen synthesis
D glucagon glycolysis
3
MSK 1323
10. In eukaryotes, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are found in the _
A cytosol
B mitochondria
C nucleus
o endoplasmic reticulum
II. Under prolonged starvation, the brain uses ___ as energy source.
A acetyl CoA
B fructose
C ketone bodies
D. glucose
12. The following are functions carried out by the liver except
A carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism
B processing foreign bodies
C distributes several types of nutrients to other parts of the body
o regulation of blood pH
13. All the following statements are true about gluconeogenesis except
A takes place primarily in the liver
B is the formation of glucose from glycogen
C is stimulated during starvation
D allows the resynthesis of glucose and glycogen from lactate after vigorous
exercise
14. In the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burned as
fuel is consumed by
A liver
B brain
C kidney
D adipose tissue
4
MSK 1323
Section B (59 marks)
Question 1
a) Define the term f3 oxidation used in fatty acid metabolism.
(1 mark)
b) The first step of the f3 oxidation pathway involves an activation process.
Starting with stearic acid (CI8:0), show the step for the activation process.
(4.5 marks)
c) Using stearic acid as an example, show the first 4 steps of the f3 oxidation
cycle. Structures of the reactants and names of enzymes must be included.
(8 marks)
d) Write a balanced equation for the complete oxidation of stearic acid.
(4.5 marks)
e) Calculate the metabolic energy yield from oxidation of stearic acid, taking into
account the energy needed to activate the fatty acid and transport it to the
mitochondria.
(2 marks)
Question 2
a) The synthesis of fatty acids and their breakdown by f3 oxidation occurs by
separate pathways. Compare the 2 pathways in animals by including the
folio wing:
Location, carrier, electron acceptor and donor, 2C unit product and donor and
the enzymes involved.
(5 marks)
b) In nature the first fatty acid synthesized is palmitate. Show the steps for the
synthesis of palmitate starting from Acetyl synthase and malonyl ACP.
(10 marks)
c) How can fatty acids longer than palmitate be synthesized?
(1 mark)
5
MSK 1323
Question 3
One of the important goals of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway is the generation of
ribose-5-P, an important component of nucleic acid.
a) Show the steps for the generation of ribulose-5- P in the oxidative phase of
the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.
(6 marks)
b) Show the step for the conversion of ribulose-5- P (structure given below) to
ribose-5-P
Structure of ribulose- 5- P
CH.OH
I
c=o
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C-OH
I
CH.OP
(1.5 marks)
c) Name the products formed from the reaction of xylulose -5- P and
ribose -5- P
(1.5 marks)
Question 4
Write short notes on the following:
a) Main function of the electron transport chain
(2 marks)
6
MSK 1323
b) Oxidative phosphorylation
c) Production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA
(2 marks)
(7 marks)
d) Main function of the Urea cycle
(1.5 marks)
e) Disposal of nitrogenous waste by ammonotelic and uricotelic organisms
(1.5 marks)
7
!lIM
CODE
SUBJECT
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UNlVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
FAKULTI SAINS
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1313
NUMERICAL ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
DR MUNIRA BT ISMAIL
MSM
5 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
ANSWER FIVE (5) QUESTIONS ONLY
MSM1313
1. (a) Define a general linear multistep method (LMM) and its consistency
and zero stability.
[4 marks]
(b) Determine the consistency and zero stability of the following method
h
Yn+2 - 2Yn+1 + Yn = "4(Jn+2 - 2jn).
Base on Dalquist theorem, does the above method converge?
[6 marks]
(c) The algorithm based on rational extrapolation which is popularly
known as GBS method is given by
= y(xo + H; h
s
), = 0
b(j-I) b(j-I)
b(j) = b(j-I) + HI - i
t t+1
t+J HI HI
j = 1,2, ... ,s; i = 1, ... ,s - j for s = 0,1,2, ...
where y(xo + H; h
s
) is to be computed using Gragg's method
H
h
s
= N ; N
s
= {2, 4, 6, 8,12, 16, ... }
s
Yo = y(xo)
YI = Yo + hsf(xo, Yo)
Ym+2 - Yrn = 2hs j(X
m
+I' Ym+I), m = 0, 1,2, ... , Ns - 1
111
y(xo + H; hs ) = 4YNs+I + "2YNs + 4YNs-I
Discuss the improvement made by incorporating Gragg's formula over
the original formula introduced by Burlirsh and Stoer. Use this method
to solve the initial value problem
y' = -xy
2
,Y(2) = 1,
for one basic step of length H = 1.0 and for N
s
= 2,4 only.
[10 marks]
2
MSM 1313
2. (a) What is the stiffness ratio for the system
u' = V
v' = -4v - 8u
Is the system stiff? Give your reasons.
[6 marks]
(b) The absolute stability region for the method
h
Yn+2 - Yn+l = "2(3In+l - In)
is symmetrical about the x-axis. Use the boundary locus method to
obtain this region, then sketch the region in the complex plane.
[10 marks]
(c) The method in (b) is to be applied to the system in (a). Suggest the
largest steplength between the choice h = 0.4 or h = 0.35 to be used
which will ensure that the method is absolutely stable.
[4 marks]
3. (a) The predictor P and corrector C of an implicit method are defined by
its charateristic polynomials as follows:
1
P: ph) = -l-,2, ah) = 12(23,2 -16,2 + 5).
C : ph) = ,3 - ,2, ab) = 12
1
(5,3 +8,2 - ,).
Write the algorithm in full using PECE mode.
[5 marks]
(b) Use the method in (a) to solve the initial value problem
Y' = (x - 2)3/2 + Y, y(2) = 1,
using h = 0.1 for 2.0 ~ x :::; 2.4 by first, finding the most accurate
estimation for the additional starting values that can be obtained from
the Taylor's algorithm
h
2
y(x + h) = y(x) + hy'(x) + ,y"(x) +...
2.
[15 marks]
3
- -
- -
- - --
- --- -- --- --
- -
- - -
- - -
MSM 1313
4. (a) Runge- Kutta (RK) methods popularly known as Scraton's formula and
Mearson's formula are given respectively by their symbolic matrices
(Butcher's array)
0
2 2
9 9
1 1 1
-
3 12 4
3 69 243 270
-
4 128 128 128
9 3105 18225 11016 4896
10 10000 10000 10000 10000
o
162 170 135 1377
30T
n
+
1
= h( -2k
1
+ 9k
3
- 8k
4
+ k
5
)
0
1 1
3 3
1 1 1
3 6 6
1 1 3
- -
0
2 8 8
1 3
1
6 6 6
'T' -!!:!II:. h - --lk -ILk - ~ k ~ k
.L n +1 - s' were q - 1B 1 + 170 3 15 4 + 153 5,
19 27 57 4
r = -k
1
- -k
2
+ -k
3
- -k
4
and s = k
4
- k
1
.
24 8 20 15
[6 marks]
4
MSM 1313
Write the Scraton's algorithm in standard form. How do you compare
Scraton's formula with Mearson's formula?
(b) Apply the following implicit RK-method
h
Yn+1 - Yn = "2(k1+ k2 ),
( 1
k1 = f
(
X n +
(
"2
1
+ 6
V3)
h, Yn + 4;
1
hk1+ 4; + 6
V3)
hk2
)
,
( (
V3) V3) 1 (1 1)
k2 = f X n + "2 - 6 h, Yn + 4; - 6 hk1+ 4hk2 ,
with h = 0.25 to solve the initial value problem Y' = x
2
- Y, y(l) = 0.5,
at x = 1.25. Use Butcher's iteration to evaluate the values k
r
with
tolerance 10-
4
, starting with k ~ O ] = 0:
r-1 R)
k[t+1] = f x + ha y + h'" b k[t+1] + h '" b k[t]
r r, 6 r8 8 6 r8 8 ,
(
8=1 8=r
t = 0, 1,2, .. " r=1,2,,R.
Does h = 0.25 satisfy Butcher's condition for convergence of its itera
tion formula?
[14 marks]
5. (a) Transform the following fourth order ODE into a system of first order
initial value problem then write your system in matrix form
ylll + y" + xy' + JL = +2e-
3x
,
x
y(1) = -2, y'(l) = 1, y"(l) = O.
[5 marks]
(b) Use the shooting method with Newton-Raphson formula to solve the
boundary value problem (BVP)
y" +xy = x
3
- 4 , y(l) = -1, y(2) = 3
3
x
5
MSM 1313
by employing the second order RK method
h
Yn+l = Yn + 2(k1 +k2),
k1 = f(x
n
, Yn),
k2 = f(xn + h, Yn +hkd
with h = 0.5 to solve the required systems of first order IVP. Begin
with So = O.
[15 marks]
6. (a) Find the order and the error of the LMM
Yn+2 - Yn+l = "4
h
(3fn + fn+2) .
Formula:
[5 marks]
(b) What is the meaning of absolutely stable and relatively stable of an
LMM? With a suitable step-length h, how do you expect an absolutely
stable method and a relatively stable method to perform numerically
when solving an IVP?
[5 marks]
(c) Use the finite-difference method with h = 0.25 to find the numerical
solution of the BVP
y" - Y + x +2e
x
= 0, y(O) = 1, y(l) = 2.1.
How do you compare the shooting method as to the finite-difference
method when solving a BVP?
[10 marks]
6
UTM
......................................................................
FINAL EXAMINAnON
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
MSK 1433
SURFACE AND COLLOID CHEMISTRY
DR. ZAITON ABDUL MAJID
MSK
23 OKTOBER 2009
3 HOURS
1. The exam consists of Part A and Part B.
2. Students are required to answer all questions in Part A and Part Band
three (3) Questions in Part B.
3. Write your answer in the answer booklet provided.
Part A: Answer ONE (1) question only
Question 1 (35 marks)
(a) (i) Colloids are charged particles. List the mechanisms, which explain the origin
of charge on colloidal particles.
(ii) A negatively charged colloid such as AgCl can be prepared by reacting an
aqueous solution of AgN03 and a solution ofNaCl. Explain the formation of
this negatively charged colloid using anyone of the mechanisms you answered
in question (i). (2 +4 marks)
(b) (i) Differentiate between the Helmholtz and Guoy-Chapman models that
describe the formation ofthe electrical double layer (EDL) layer.
(ii) Based on the Stem Model, draw a diagram of the electrical double layer
(EDL) formed at the interface of the negatively charged AgCl colloid particles.
(2 + 2 marks)
(iii) Plot a graph ofthe change in concentration of counter ions and co-ions
against distance, z from the surface ofthe AgCl colloid particles.
(iv) Plot the electrokinetic potential, 'If, against distance, z. Label the Stem layer,
Stem plane, Shear plane, diffuse layer and zeta potential, '"
(4+2+2+3)
(c) List the FOUR (4) main particle interactions in a colloidal system. (2 marks)
(d) The Derjagum-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory is a classical
explanation ofthe stability of colloids in suspension. The balance between two
opposing forces as described by the DLVO theory is shown in the net interaction
curve below, formed by subtracting the attraction curve from the repulsion
curve.
(i) For effective coagulation, the energy barrier should be lowered or completely
removed so that the net interaction is attractive. Briefly discuss, the THREE (3)
destabilizing mechanisms, which results in the removal or lowering of the
energy barrier. How does this affect the zeta potential, ,?
2

RepulslOfl
Distance Benv:en Colloids
----- Energy Trap
f

van der Waals
At1nICtion

(ii) Based on the DLVO theory, a plot of AG
total
against the distance between
two colloidal particles, H, as shown below illustrate the effect of electrolyte
concentration on AGtotal of a lyophobic sol at (a) low concentration, (b)
intennediate concentration and (c) high concentration of electrolyte. Based on
these plots, discuss the effect of electrolyte concentration for aggregation to
occur. (3+3 marks)
(e) The preparation of an emulsion requires the fonnation of a very large amount of
interfacial area between two immiscible liquids. The W, required to
generate one square centimeter at the interface is given by:
Where, Yi = interfacial tension between the two liquid phases
M = the change in interfacial area
(i) Relate the formation and stability of emulsion to work, W, and the
interfacial tension (11).
(ii) List the three principle methods of emulsion preparation, which are most
often employed
(3 + 3 marks)
3
Part B: Answer THREE (3) questions only
(a) A certain solid sample absorbs 0.44 mg ofCa when the pressure of the gas is 26.0
kPa and the temperature is 300 K. The mass of gas adsorbed when the pressure is
3.0 kPa and the temperature is 300 K is 0.19 mg. The Langmuir isotherm is known
to describe the adsorption. Find the fractional coverage ((}) of the surface at the
two pressures.
(8 marks)
(b) (i) Based on the kinetic consideration or approach, show how the Langmuir
equation
()_ JKP
-1+JKP
can be derived for a dissociative adsorption of a gas onto a solid surface.
(ii) Describe what is meant by the term of () and K in this equation. Estimate the
value of () , for a strong adsorption.
(iii) State the assumptions used to derive the Langmuir equation.
(5 + 4+ 3 marks)
(c) The table below shows Freundlich constant and Langmuir constant at various
temperatures for the adsorption ofp-nitrophenol onto activated carbon. Comment on
the effect of temperature on the adsorption process. (5 marks)
Temp. Freundlicb constant Langmuir constant
\C)
KF(mgg-
l
) a(dm
3
mg-l)
q..-(mg gol)
R
L
25 5.87 113.49 0.00854 416.67 3.5587 0.0191
40 5.76 105.70 0.00747 400.00 2.9880 0.0218
50 5.71 97.37 0.00729 370.37 2.7000 0.0224
60 5.98 84.86 0.00291 357.14 1.0393 0.0542
4
(a) Sketch the shape of the t plots associated to the adsorption isotherms given below.
Predict the type of pore which exists in samples (i), (ii), (iii) and the shape of the
pore in the sample (i) and (ii) (6 marks)
Vads.
(b) The adsorption of N] onto a sample of titania powder at 77 K was found to
follow the BET adsorption isotherm. A plot of the adsorption data (1 g titania
sample) according to linearized BET equation gave a slope (s) of 0.004675 and
an intercept (i) of 0.000022. Determine V
m
and the SBEr, of the titania.
(4 marks)
(c) The data below relates to the adsorption of N2 on titania at 77K
Volume adsorbed, Statistical Thickness, t HJ
Vtuts (cm
3
/gSTp)
(.4)
322 3.3
327 3.5
334 3.9
335 4.0
338 4.2
342 4.4
352 5.0
355 5.3
363 6.0
Use a thickness range between 3.5 and 5.oA to determine the value ofs (slope)
and i (intercept)
(i) Plot Vad\-.(cm
3
/g STP) against statistical thickness, tHJ (1)
(ii) Estimate the external surface area, Sexl. and micropore volume, VMP
5
(iii) From your answer in question (2b), for SBET, estimate th ~ micropore area,
SMP.
(iv) Estimate the percentage of mesoporosity in the titania sample.
(3+4+2+2 marks)
(d) The pressure of N2 to cause adsorption of 1 mg of gas on a 1.0 g sample of
Ti/Ah03 catalyst are 0.35 Torr at 90K and 4.1 Torr at 77K.
(i) Calculate the enthalpy of adsorption AHads for this surface coverage by
integrating the Clausius- Clayperon equation given below:
(
alnP)= Mads'
aT RT
2
(R = 8.3145 J K
l
mor
l
)
(ii) From your answer in part (i), is this process likely to be chemisorption or
physisorption? Justify your answer.
(3+ 2 marks)
(a) Defme the term surface tension, y, when applied to the liquid-air interface. Briefly
describe how it arises. (2 + 3 marks)
(b) The values of surface tension, Yo, for selected substances are given below:
Briefly explain the difference in the values of surface tension, Yo for the given
substances. (5 marks)
Substances YoI'mNm-
1
Mercury 485.0
NaN0
3
116.6
Water 72.8
Carbon 26.8
tetrachloride
n-hexane 18.4
(c) The surface tension of an aqueous solution of butanol was measured at 20C with
the following results:
c / 10-
2
molD
l
0.000 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
"(I mNm-
l
72.8 60.0 50.0 43.0 42.0 41.0 39.5 39
6
(i) Using the Gibbs isothenn, determine the surface excess, t at c~ 0.5 x 10-
2
molD
l
. (6 marks)
Given: r =(-r'Rr) (d%c)
(ii) Estimate the critical micelle concentration, cmc of butanol. (3 marks)
(iii) Based on the shape of the graph plotted, briefly discuss the physical change
at butanol concentration just below the cmc value, at the cmc value and at
concentration just after the cmc value.
(6 marks)
(a) Define surfactant. What are the components of surfactants? (2 + 3 marks)
(b) The nature ofthe solid surface involved in the adsorption process is a major
factor in detennining the manner and extent of surfactant adsorption. Describe
the adsorption of surfactant onto surfaces having discrete electrical charges.
Drawa schematic illustration ofthe 3 stages of adsorption of surfactant
(8 marks)
(c) (i) Define Traube's Rule
(ii) Given the following adsorption systems ofA and B:
System Adsorbent Adsorbates (mixture) Solvent
A Titanium oxide,
TiO
z
HCOOH, CH3COOH and CH
3
CH
2
OH Benzene
B Solid polymer HCOOH, CH3COOH and CH
3
CH
z
OH Water
Sketch a typical isothenn characteristic of the adsorption capacity, x/m, as a
function of the adsorbate concentration, C, for system A and system B. Briefly
explain your answer.
(2 + 10 marks)
(a) Define contact angle, B. Draw a schematic diagram of a contact fonned by the
solid/liquid interface and the liquid/vapour interface. (2 + 3 marks)
(b) Define wetting. What are the factors, which affect the wettability of a surface.
(2 + 2 marks)
7
(c) In order to prevent wetting of foods onto food packagings, plastic used as food
packaging are usually hydrophobic and possess low surface area.
(i) Comment on the values of contact angle, e, for the non-wetting property of
food packaging.
(ii) Briefly describe the work of adhesion, WSlL , work of cohesion, WVL and the
spreading coefficient for a hydrophobicity of food packaging.
(iii) Using the Young-Dupre and Laplace equations, show that a substance with
a high contact angle, (J = 140
0
, is non wetting.
(2 + 2 + 4 marks)
(d) The schematic of grease removal from a solid surface is as shown below:
Water Oily dirt
_- ITITIJ--=
7 / ~
7777777
solid
(i) Based on the diagram above, indicate the interfacial tension, 'Yi that exist at each
interface.
(ii) Show the relationship between adhesive work,WOIS (0 -oil, S - solid),with the
interfacial tension, 'Yi that exist.
(iii) What are the values of WOfS for effective dirt removal? How does one achieve
these effective values.
(2 +2 + 4 marks)
8
L
FORMULA SHEET
. x aq C
Langmuir equatIOn: _ = max e
m l+aC
e
1 . 1
Slope=s= -- Intercept = 1 = -
aqmax qmax
. 1 1 (C-1) P
2.
BET equation: IT ]=--+
Sext (m
2
g-I) =
intercept.
3. R = 1
l+aC
o
4. KL=aqmax
(PO / P-1) CV", CV", po
S x 15.47 ; VMP (cc g-l) = i x 0.001547, where s = slope and i =
where Co is the initial concentration (mg dm-
3
)
5. t1G=-RTlnK
6. Young equation: YS/A = YSIL + 'YJ.iA cos (} or cos(} = rSIA - rSIL
1IA
7. Work of Adhesion = Wus = ('}VA + rSlA) - '}Vs
8. Work of Cohesion = WUL = 2'}VA
9. Spreading coefficient, S: Sus = Wus - WUL or Sus = YsrA - }tts - '}VA
. 2r cos(}
10.
Laplace equation: M =~ L = I = A __
r
11.
12. R =8.314 JK/mor/
9
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT CODE MSF 1423
SUBJECT NAME BULK SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS
LECTURER (S) PM DR. ABD. RANI ABD. HAMID
COURSE MSF
TIME 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE EXAMINATION BOOK PROVIDED AND
BEGIN EACH ANSWER ON A NEW PAGE.
ANSWER SECTION A AND B IN SEPARATE BOOKS.
ANSWER SECTION A FIRST.
MSF 1423
S-ECTIONA
(Instruction: To be completed first without assistance from notes and other references
and must be handed over before answering questions in Section B)
1. (a) Sketch the energy versus wave-vector diagrams for gallium arsenide and
germanium. [6 marks]
(b) State the differences between the two diagrams. [4 marks]
2. Sketch:
(a) Sketch the density of states function, Fermi-Dirac probability function and electron
concentration for the case when Fermi energy, EF is near the mid-gap energy.
[6 marks]
(b) What will happen to the electron concentration when EF is below the mid-gap
energy? [4 marks]
3. Explain briefly about:
(a) Compensated semiconductors. [4 marks]
(b) Degenerate semiconductors. [4 marks]
(c) Complete ionization. You can use this equation in your explanation:
Where Ild, n, E
c
and Ed are the density of electrons occupying the donor levels,
electron concentration, conduction band energy donor energy levels. Consider a
silicon doped with phosphorus at concentration of N
d
= 10
16
cm-
3

Given N
c
=2.8 X 10
19
cm-
3
and the ionization energy = 45 meV. [4 marks]
4. (a) What is an exciton? [4 marks]
(b) Explain briefly the difference between Mott and Frenkel excitons. [6 marks]
5. (a) Explain briefly what is
(i) an intrinsic photoconductivity, [5 marks]
(ii) an extrinsic photoconductivity. [5 marks]
(b) Sketch a diagram to show 10 possible transitions in a photoconductor such as
cadmium sulphide. [8 marks]
6. Explain briefly what is
(a) a characteristic luminescence,
[5 marks]
2
MSF 1423
(b) a radiationless transition, and
[3 marks]
(c) killers, [5 marks]
in luminescence.
7. (a) Explain only briefly the differences between amorphous and crystalline
semiconductors in term of
(i) structure, [5 marh]
(ii) electronic states. [5 marks]
(b) What is a dispersive transport process in amorphous semiconductor? Explain.
[7 marks]
SECTIONB
(Instruction: Students are allowed to refer any books and notes)
10
15 3
8. Silicon at T = 300 K contains an donor impurity concentration of 2 x cm-
Determine the concentration of acceptor impurity atoms that must be added so that the
silicon is a p-type and Fermi energy is 0.10 eV above the valence band edge.
[10 marh]
9. Assume that in a p-type gallium arsenide semiconductor at T = 300 K, the hole
concentration varies linearly by the equation
where 0 ~ x ~ L and L = 100 Jlm. If the applied electric field E = 12 V/cm and the hole
diffusion coefficient D
p
= 6.9 cm
2
/s, calculate:
(a) the diffusion current density, and [6 marks]
(b) the drift current density at x = 0.5L. [6 marks]
10. Consider a compensated n-type gallium arsenide at T = 300 K, with a conductivity of
3
(J'= 192 (Qcmr
1
and an acceptor doping concentration of2 x 10
17
cm- Determine the
donor concentration and the electron mobility. [18 marks]
Reminder: The total mark is 130. This mark will be normalized to 50.
.......".....
3
UTM
FACllLTY OF SCIENCE
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1413
MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS
DR. ZARINA MOHD KHALID
MSM1413
6 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
THIS FRONTPAGE)
UTM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
L1NIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1413
MSM 1413
6 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
THIS FRONT PAGE)
MSM1413
Answer All Questions
1. The number of patients getting treatment in a certain clinic per day, denoted as X, has
been observed for a long period of time and found to have a mean of 100 patients with a
standard deviation of 5 patients. The probability distribution for X is unknown. What
can you say about the probability that from 85 to 115 patients will get treatments from
the clinic tomorrow? [5 marks]
2. Let the following function be the joint probability density function of X, Y and Z:
)
= { exp[-(:r + y + z)] o< .T < 00, 0 < Y < 00, 0 < Z < 00
f(
X,Y,z 0
elsewhere
a. Compute P(Z < X < Y). [7 marks]
b. Are these random variables independent? Verify your answer. [6 marks]
3. Let a random variable Y follows a beta distribution with the following probability density
function:
r(a+,B) yO'-1(1_y)f3-
1
. O<y<l
f(y) = f(a)f(,B)' ,
{
o ; elsewhere
a a ~
[12 marks]
Show that E(Y) = a + ~ and VaT(Y) = (a + ,B)2(a + ~ + 1)"
2
MSM1413
4. Suppose Xl, X
2
, .. ,X
k
follow a multinomial distribution with the following joint proba
bility mass function:
a. State the properties of multinomial experiment. [4 marks]
b. Let Xl = W, X
2
= Y and X
3
= n - W - Y,
i. State the joint probability mass function of Wand Y. [3 marks]
11. Prove that
LL!(W,y) = 1
w y
[4 marks]
iii. Show that
E(YIW = w) = (n W)P2
1 PI
[5 marks]
c. In a certain country, the proportion of adults with six age categories are tabulated
as follows:
Age 18 - 23 24 - 33 34 - 43 44 - 53 54 - 63 > 63
Proportion 0.19 0.24 0.15 0.26 0.09 0.07
If seven adults are sampled randomly from this population, compute the probability
that the sample contains two persons between the ages of 24 and 33, three from
the ages of 34 and 43, one from the ages of 44 and 63, and one from the eldest age
category. [4 marks]
5. Suppose a random variable U follows a standard normal distribution, that is U ""' N(O, 1),
and another random variable V follows a chi-square distribution with r degrees of freedom,
that is V ""' X;, where these variables are assumed to be independent. A random variable
T is defined as follows:
T=_U_
.jVF
a. By letting W = V, define the joint probability density function of T and W.
[8 marks]
b. Hence, determine the marginal probability density function of T. [6 marks]
3
MSM1413
6. The probability density function for a non-negative random variable T which follows a
Gamma distribution is defined as
a I
r( 1)()a t - exp ( - ~ ) ; t > 0
f(t) = a
{
o ; elsewhere
a. By using the moment generating function technique, show that
i. E(T) = a() [6 marks]
ii. Var(T) = a()2 [4 marks]
b. Suppose T
I
, T
2
, ... , Tn are randomly sampled from the above distribution where 0:
is a known constant.
1. Find the maximum likelihood estimator () of (). [4 marks]
11. Show that eis an unbiased and consistent estimator of (). [6 marks]
iii. Show that eis also a function of a minimal sufficient statistic. [4 marks]
7. Given the random variables Y
ll
Y
2
, . .. ,Y
n
denote the number of successes in each of n
independent trials where 7f is an unknown parameter, defined as:
7f = P(a success occurs at any given trial)
and
P(Yi = k) = 7fk(1- 7f)l-k k = 0,1; 0 < 7f < 1
Let
n
y
and P =
n
Show that P is a minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) of 7f. [12 marks]
4
MSM1413
Formula
1. Special Probability Distributions
Distribution Probability (mass or density) function Conditions
X rv Binomial(n,p) P(X = x) = ( ~ ) pX(1- p)n-x X = 0,1, ... ,n
O<p<l
X rv Poisson()..)
P(X = x) = e-
A
( ~ ~ )
x = 0,1,2, ...
)..>0
{ ( )'}
X rv N (p" a
2
)
1 1 x-p,
f(x) = --exp - - -00 < x < 00
aV27r 2 a
-00 < P, < 00, a > 0
X rv Gamma(ex,)..) f(x) =
).."'X",-l
exp( -)..x)
f(ex)
x>O
ex> 0, ).. > 0
X rv Exponential()") Similar to f(x) for X rv Gamma(l,)..)
X rv X;
Similar to f(x) for X rv Gamma ( ~ ' ~ )
5
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT CODE MSF 1423
SUBJECT NAME BULK SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS
LECTURER (S) PM DR. ABD. RANI ABD. HAMID
COURSE MSF
TIME 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE EXAMINATION BOOK PROVIDED AND
BEGIN EACH ANSWER ON A NEW PAGE.
ANSWER SECTION A AND B IN SEPARATE BOOKS.
ANSWER SECTION A FIRST.
MSF 1423
SECTION A
(Instruction: To be completed first without assistance from notes and other references
and must be handed over before answering questions in Section B)
1. (a) Sketch the energy versus wave-vector diagrams for gallium arsenide and
gennanium. [6 marh]
(b) State the differences between the two diagrams. [4 marh]
2. Sketch:
(a) Sketch the density of states function, Fenni-Dirac probability function and electron
concentration for the case when Fenni energy, E
F
is near the mid-gap energy.
[6 marh]
(b) What will happen to the electron concentration when E
F
is below the mid-gap
energy? [4 marh]
3. Explain briefly about:
(a) Compensated semiconductors. [4 marh]
(b) Degenerate semiconductors. [4 marh]
(c) Complete ionization. You can use this equation in your explanation:
Where lId, n, E
e
and Ed are the density of electrons occupying the donor levels,
electron concentration, conduction band energy donor energy levels. Consider a
10
16 3
silicon doped with phosphorus at concentration of N
d
= cm-
Given N
c
=2.8 x 10
19
cm-
3
and the ionization energy =45 meV. [4 marh]
4. (a) What is an exciton? [4 marh]
(b) Explain briefly the difference between Mott and Frenkel excitons. [6 marh]
5. (a) Explain briefly what is
(i) an intrinsic photoconductivity, [5 marh]
(ii) an extrinsic photoconductivity. [5 marh]
(b) Sketch a diagram to show 10 possible transitions in a photoconductor such as
cadmium sulphide. [8 marh]
6. Explain briefly what is
(a) a characteristic luminescence, [5 marh]
2
MSF 1423
(b) a radiationless transition, and
I'::
(c) killers,
in luminescence.
7. (a) Explain only briefly the differences between amorphous and cry<;t
c
J11:r'
semiconductors in term of
(i) structure, [5 marksJ
(ii) electronic states. [5 mark]
(b) What is a dispersive transport process in amorphous semiconductor? Explain.
[7 mark]
SECTIONB
(Instruction: Students are allowed to refer any books and notes)
10
15 3
8. Silicon at T = 300 K contains an donor impurity concentration of 2 x cm-
Determine the concentration of acceptor impurity atoms that must be added so that the
silicon is a p-type and Fermi energy is 0.10 eV above the valence band edge.
[10 mark]
9. Assume that in a p-type gallium arsenide semiconductor at T = 300 K, the hole
concentration varies linearly by the equation
17 X -3
P =10 (1--) cm
L
where 0:::;; x:::;; L and L = 100 llm. If the applied electric field E = 12 V/cm and the hole
diffusion coefficient D
p
= 6.9 cm
2
/s, calculate:
(a) the diffusion current density, and [6 mark]
(b) the drift current density at x = O.5L. [6 mark]
10. Consider a compensated n-type gallium arsenide at T = 300 K, with a conductivity of
(J"= 192 (Qcmr
1
and an acceptor doping concentration of2 x 10
17
cm-
3
Detennine the
donor concentration and the electron mobility. [18 mark]
Reminder: The total mark is 130. This mark will be normalized to 50.
3
UTM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1413
MSM 1413
6 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
THIS FRONT PAGE)
MSM1413
1. The number of patients getting treatment in a certain clinic per day, denoted as X, has
been observed for a long period of time and found to have a mean of 100 patients with a
standard deviation of 5 patients. The probability distribution for X is unknown. What
can you say about the probability that from 85 to 115 patients will get treatments from
the clinic tomorrow? [5 marks]
2. Let the following function be the joint probability density function of X, Y and Z:
) = { exp[- (x + y + z)]
o< x < 00, 0 < Y < 00, 0 < Z < 00
f
(
.
0 X,Y,Z
elsewhere
a. Compute P(Z < X < Y). [7 marks]
b. Are these random variables independent? Verify your answer. [6 marks]
3. Let a random variable Y follows a beta distribution with the following probability density
function:
r(a+(3)ya-l(1_y)13-1 . O<y<l
f(y) = f(a)f((3) ,
{
o ; elsewhere
a a(3
Show that E(Y) = --(3 and VaT(Y) = ( (3)2 ( (3 )
[12 marks]
a+ a+ a+ +1
2
Nl;-" .
4. Suppose Xl, X
2
, . .. , X
k
follow a multinomial distribution with the following join
bility mass function:
a. State the properties of multinomial experiment.
b. Let Xl = W, X
z
= Y and X
3
= n - W - Y,
i. State the joint probability mass function of Wand Y. [3 marks]
11. Prove that
LL
w
!
y
(W,y) = 1
[4 marks]
iii. Show that
E(YIW = w) = (n
1- PI
W)P2
[5 marks]
c. In a certain country, the proportion of adults with six age categories are tabulated
as follows:
Age 18 - 23 24 - 33 34 - 43 44 - 53 54 - 63 > 63
Proportion 0.19 0.24 0.15 0.26 0.09 0.07
If seven adults are sampled randomly from this population, compute the probability
that the sample contains two persons between the ages of 24 and 33, three from
the ages of 34 and 43, one from the ages of 44 and 63, and one from the eldest age
category. [4 marks]
5. Suppose a random variable U follows a standard normal distribution, that is U '" N(O, 1),
and another random variable V follows a chi-square distribution with T degrees of freedom,
that is V '" X;, where these variables are assumed to be independent. A random variable
T is defined as follows:
a. By letting W = V, define the joint probability density function of T and W.
[8 marks]
b. Hence, determine the marginal probability density function of T. [6 marks]
3
MSM1413
6. The probability density function for a non-negative random variable T which follows a
Gamma distribution is defined as
t>O
; elsewhere
a. By using the moment generating function technique, show that
i. E(T) = o:B [6 marks]
ii. Var(T) = o:B
2
[4 marks]
b. Suppose T
I
, T
2
, ... , Tn are randomly sampled from the above distribution where 0:
is a known constant.
1. Find the maximum likelihood estimator eof B. [4 marks]
11. Show that eis an unbiased and consistent estimator of B. [6 marks]
iii. Show that eis also a function of a minimal sufficient statistic. [4 marks]
7. Given the random variables Y
I
, Y
2
, ... ,Y
n
denote the number of successes in each of n
independent trials where 7r is an unknown parameter, defined as:
7r = P(a success occurs at any given trial)
and
P(Yi = k) = 7r
k
(l - 7r)I-k k = 0, 1; 0 < 7r < 1
Let
Show that P is a minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) of 7r. [12 marks]
4
;'
MSM1413
Formula
1. Special Probability Distributions
Conditions Probability (mass or density) function Distribution
P(X = x) = ( ~ ) pX(l _ p)n-x X = O,l, ... ,n
O<p<l
X Binomial(n,p) rv
x = 0,1,2, ... X Poisson(A) rv
P(X = x) = e-
A
( ~ ~ )
1 1 x-Il
X N (11, (12) rv f(x) = --exp -- - -00 < x < 00
(I..;27i 2 (I
-00 < 11 < 00, (I > 0
{( n
A>O
AO<Xo<-l
f(x) = exp( -Ax) X Gamma(ex, A) rv x>O
f(ex)
ex> 0, A> 0
X Exponential(A) rv Similar to f(x) for X Gamma(l, A) rv
X X; rv Similar to f(x) for X Gamma ( % , ~ ) rv
5
i ~ # ' ; ; ; \ VTM
\ ~ j
~ "rEKNOLc:F>' UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER(S)
COURSE
DATE
DURATION
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSF 1413
ANALYTICAL PHYSICS
DR. MOHO NOR BIN MD YUSUF
ASSOC. PROF. DR. ROLSI BIN HUSSIN
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
13 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS:
i. This paper consists of SECTION A and SECTION B. Use separate Answer Booklet for
each section.
ii. Answer three (3) questions for each section as per instruction in each section therein.
iii. List of physics constants for SECTION A:
e =1.60 x 10-
19
C; h =6.63 X 10-
34
Js; me =9.11 xl 0-
31
kg
MSF1413
SECTION A
Answer Question 1 and two (2) other questions from this section
1 (a) A simple compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length
9.00 mm and an eyepiece lens of focal length 17.00 mm. The lenses are separated
at 200 mm apart. The aperture of the objective lens has a diameter of 8 mm.
Calculate:
(i)
The overall magnification of the final image formed at 250 mm from the
eyepiece.
(ii) The limiting angle of resolution of the microscope when it is used with a
light of wavelength 400 nm and a liquid of refractive index 1.56 fills the
space between the objective and the specimen.
(iii) The resolving power of the microscope in case (ii) above.
[17 marks}
(b) Show that de Broglie's wavelength of an electron beam, A in angstrom (A) is
A = l ~ l
where E is the beam's energy in electron-volt (eY).
[6 marks]
(c) Instruments that utilize secondary electron signal can be considered surface
specific. Explain the statement.
[3 marks]
(d)
(e)
The rate of arrival of gas molecules onto a surface per cm
2
per second is given by
3.51 x 10
22
Ph' h .. h I I . h
r = r;;;;-; were P IS t e gas pressure In torr, MIS t e gas mo ecu ar welg t,
...;TM
and T is the temperature in kelvin.
(i) Estimate the pressure in torr for a monolayer of carbon monoxide (CO) to
cover a clean surface in three hours at a room temperature of 25C.
(ii) Suggest a method by which you could achieve the kind of pressure you
estimate in (i) above.
[12 marks]
Figure l(a) shows a positive helium ion of mass mHe and energy Eo collides with a
surface atom of mass m
s
As result of the collision the ion is scattered with final
energy Ejthrough an angle 8
1
from its original direction. Figure l(b) shows results
from the measurement of the scattered ion energy E
1
at 8, = 90 with helium ions
of energy Eo = 1 keY.
2
Ion illtensity (cps)

1000
y
SOD
.
.,.",,'
-_1\--:----3'
ms "" ()1
,
, ,
,
i
,
,
, I
,
, oLI__
,
0.5
Scattered ion energy (keV)
Figure l(a) Figure l(b)
(i) Write a mathematical expression for E
1
in terms of Eo, mHe, m
s
, and (}l.
(ii) Determine the molecular mass of surface atoms that correspond to the peaks
marked "X" and "Y" in Figure l(b). [Molecular mass of helium: 4.00].
(iii) Comment on the accuracy of this technique for determination of the mass of
the surface atoms with reference to the energy of the scattered ions.
[12 marks]
2 (a) (i) Name all important products from the interaction of energetic electron beam
with a specimen.
(ii) Briefly describe three (3) important properties regarding to the yield of the
products which are commonly utilized in scanning electron microscope
(SEM).
(iii) Why do we need to coat non-insulating specimen with gold or carbon prior
to insertion into an SEM?
(iv) Name two (2) necessary modifications on a conventional SEM to make it an
environmental SEM.
[J 6 marks]
(b) (i) Briefly discuss the function and the working principle on an SEM attachment
that is abbreviated by acronym EDAX.
(ii) Briefly explain the ZAF algorithm associated with EDAX.
[9 marks]
3
MSF1413
3 (a) (i) What is piezoelectricity?
(ii)
(iii)
With the aid of a diagram, explain the working principle of a piezoelectric
scan head normally used in scanning probe microscope (SPM). How does the
scan size relate to the SPM image magnification?
Discuss the issues pertaining to the resolution of atomic force microscope
(AFM) as compared to scanning transmission microscope (STM).
[15 marks]
(b) (i) What is the necessary modification on AFM to enable magnetic force
microscope (MFM) function?
(ii) Briefly describe the procedures to perform an AFM-MFM scanning.
[10 marks]
4 (a) (i) What is meant by the term "electron spectroscopy"?
(b)
(ii)
(iii)
With the aid ofa labeled diagram, briefly explain the function and the
working principle of Auger electron spectroscopy.
Explain the necessary requirement needed for SEM to perform Auger
electron microscopy.
[15 marks]
With the aid of a labeled diagram and a particular reference to surface reciprocal
lattice explain the working principle of low energy electron diffractometer
(LEED).
[10 marks]
5 (a)
(b)
Draw a labeled diagram for a schematic construction of an x-ray tube and explain
its working principle.
[7 marks]
(i) Derive Bragg's equation for x-ray diffraction (XRD) by crystal planes.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
In a typical XRD cps-28 spectrum, we may encounter more than one peaks
that correspond to the same element. Explain.
What is preferred orientation with reference to XRD? How does this problem
be solved?
It is said that most accurate of d-spacings are those calculated from high
angle peaks. Explain.
[18 marks]
END OF SECTION A
4
SECTIONB
Answer any three (3) questions from this section
1 (a) Explain FOUR classifications of molecules.
[8 II/ill /'
(b) What is the important property of the molecule in order to obtain the specti Uill
line in microwave spectroscopy?
(c)
Rotational energy level, E
J
for rigid molecule is given by equation
h
2
E; = -7-J(J + I)
. 8n- I
[3 marks]
where h = Planck constant, I = moment of inertia, and J = rotational quantum
number.
(i) Show that the emission or absorption frequency, v obtained from
rotational spectrum of diatomic molecule consists of a series of equality
space given by
[3 marks]
(ii) The separation between two adjust line rotational spectrum Of
35
CJ19F
molecule measured from experimental data is 11.2 xl 0
9
Hz. Calculate
the distance between atom in that molecule. Atomic mass for CI and F
are 35 amu and 19 amu respectively and h = 6.63 xl 0-
34
1s.
[3 marks]
(iii)
G
tz2 0 4 f
lven - = 1.78x 1 - eV and atomic mass 0 0 is 16 amu (atomic
2I
mass unit), calculate the distance between atom for oxygen molecule.
[3 marks]
2 (a)
Vibration energy level for non-harmonic oscillator is given by equation
( ) ( )
7
1 - 1 -
cll' = V+
2
We - V+
2
WeX
e
, cm-
I
where We = oscillator frequency. Explain how the vibration spectra can be
produced from that energy level.
[6 marks]
5
MSF1413
(b) Carbon dioxide, CO
2
is a linear molecule. The three frequency mode of
vibration is observed in the infrared region, which is symmetric scratching
(1388 cm-
I
), asymmetric scratching (2349 cm-
I
), and bending (667 cm-
I
).
(i) Is there any degenerate mode of vibration? If any, which one?
(ii) Which one is infrared active mode of vibration? Explain.
(iii) Which one is Raman active mode of vibration? Explain.
(iv) By assuming CO
2
is non linear molecule, how many mode of vibration
can exist? Could the vibration active mode differ from linear case?
[8 marks]
(c) The vibration frequency for 12C160 molecule is 6.506 x 0
13
Hz. Calculate zero
point energy, force constant and vibration wave number of that molecule.
[6 marks]
3 (a) Explain the following terms with respect to infrared spectroscopy:
(i) Symmetric stretch vibration
(ii) Asymmetric stretch vibration
(iii) Bending vibration
[6 marks]
(b) What is dipole moment? How importance is dipole moment to infrared
spectroscopy? Illustrate your answer with example.
[5 marks]
(c) Why symmetric stretch modes could not give the spectrum line, while
asymmetric stretch modes can produce a spectrum line in infrared
spectroscopy?
[4 marks]
(d) Explain briefly FOUR important uses of infrared spectroscopy.
[5 marks]
6
MSF1413
4 (a) What is the Raman effect?
[4 marks]
(b) What is Raman Shift?
[4 marks]
(c) Explain the transition energy involved in Raman Spectroscopy.
[4 marks]
(d) What is structure information that can be obtained from Raman spectra?
[4 marks]
(e) Why Raman spectra is complementary to that ofInfrared spectra?
[4 marks]
5 (a) Explain the followings with respect to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Spectroscopy:
(i) Larmor frequency, V
o
(ii) Gyromagnetic ratio y
(iii) Nuclear spin precession
[6 marks]
(b) Explain the transition energies involved in NMR. Support your answer with
appropriate equation, drawing and one example.
[6 marks]
(c) In a thought nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, a phosphorus sample, 31
p
(spin=Yz) is placed in a NMR spectrometer with magnetic field B
o
= 11.7 Tesla.
Given the gyromagnetic ratio, y for rchosphorus is 1.084 x 10
8
rad r's-I and
Boltzmann constant k
s
= 1.38 x 10- 3 JK-
1

(i) Calculate the resonant frequency of phosphorus, 31 P.
(ii) Calculate the ratio of the number of spins in the upper state to the [ower
state at room ternperature in a magnetic fie ld of II. 7 T for I H.
[8 marks]
END OF QUESTION
7
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSF 1512/1513
OPTOELECTRONICS
PROF. DR. ROSLY ABD. RAHMAN
PM. DR. YUSOF BIN MUNAJAT
MSF
4 NOVEMBER 2009
2 HOURS 30 MINUTES FOR MSF 1513
FOR MSF 1513, ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
FOR MSF 1512, ANSWER THREE (3) QUESTIONS
1. Figure 1 shows the normalized propagation constant b versus the V-number for a
step index fibre.
b
023 4 5 6
Figure 1
a) Give the meanings of the symbols used in the following definitions of band V.
[8 marks]
b) Based on Figure 1, discuss the dependence of the number of modes allowed on the
V-parameter of the optical fibre. Include in your discussion for the case of V =3.0
and V = 2.0, and state the modes involve in each case.
[7 marks]
c) A step index fibre has a core refractive index of 1.4620 and a cladding
refractive index of 1.4475. The core diameter of the fibre is 6.9 J..l.m.
i. Calculate the V-parameter of the fibre for light of wavelength 1.550
nm.
ii. Obtain the normalised propagation constant b for the case of V = 2,
and hence the propagation constant of the mode involved.
iii. Figure 2 shows the plot for the variation of fractional power contained
in the core and cladding of the same fibre as above, as a function of
the V-parameter.
1
to
0.8
~
iO.
S
a: 0.4
.......
0.2
.....

0.2
0.4 \
B
0.6 Q.!
0.8
1.0
0 2
4 6 8 10
12
V
Figure 2 : Variation of fractional power contained in the core and
cladding of a typical step index fibre
Comment on the distribution of optical power within the allowed
mode in the above fibre.
[[10 marks]
2. a) A SM fibre has a material dispersion coefficient of -10ps/(km.nm) at a
wavelength of 1.200 nm, and has a value of +10(km.nm) at a wavelength of
1400 nm.
i . Why does the phenomenon of material dispersion occur in an optical
fibre?
ii. Based on the above data, plot a typical material dispersion graph for
the above optical fibre and estimate the zero dispersion wavelength
of the optical fibre.
iii. If the actual dispersion coefficient value, which include both material
and waveguide dispersions, is zero at a wavelength of 1310 nm, plot
the waveguide dispersion curve of the above fibre.
iv. Explain briefly how a dispersion shifted fibre for a wavelength of 1550
nm may be designed.
[12 marks]
a) A fibre optic communication system is to be designed for transmitting a data rate of 20
Mbits/s with a BER of 10-9 using the NRZ code up to a maximum link length of 10 km. The
following components were chosen for the design.
Transmitter: GaAIAs LED emitting 850 nm with an average output power of -6dBm. Rise
time of driving circuit =12 ns.
Receiver Si PIN photodiode with a sensitivity of -42 dBm, capable of giVing BER of 10-
9
at 20 Mbits/s. Rise time of receiver circuit = 11 ns.
2
Optical fibre: GI OF with an attenuation coefficient of 2.5 dB/km, material dispersion of
1 ns/km and modal dispersion of 3 ns/km. The cable to be installed requires
a splice for every 2 km and an average splice loss of 0.5 dB is expected.
Connectors: One for the source-fibre and another for the fibre-detector coupling. A loss
of 1 dB is expected for each connector.
Others A safety margin of 6 dB is required.
Perform the required analyses to determine the feasibility of such a system. If not, suggest
the modifications to be made, to ensure the system is operational.
[13 marks]
3. a) Explain the following statement by referring to Figures 3 and 4 which show the
spectrum of a typical white LED and a typical red LED.
" The efficacy of a typical white LED is 20 Im/W while
that of a typical red LED is only lllm/W"
In your explanation, include the definitions of efficacy and the lumen.
1.2
:i
1.0
~
2::
t;j
j
0_8
.f;
6 0.6
t;j
4rl
E
0.4 UJ
<II
:>
4Iil
(jj
"'" 02
a::
o
350
n. -:i5.
1=2:hlA
\
I
'[
\
{
\J' - ~
J
i
' - ~
/
400 450 SOD 550 600 660 700 750
Wave Length ). {nm
Figure 3: Typical spectrum of a white LED
3
Intensity
(counts)
4000
3000
2000
1000
200 400 600 800
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 4: Typical spectrum of red LED
[15 marks]
a) Figure 5 shows the spectrum of a 1-kW mercury vapour lamp and Table 1 gives the
luminous flux values for its three wavelength components.
High Pressure Mercury Vapor, Daylight
4
3
I
r
1
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
wavelength
Figure 5 : Spectrum of a mercury vapour lamp
containing four main peaks
4
Table 1: Luminous flux values for the wavelength components of a mercury lamp
Wavelength Luminous flux
(nm) (1m)
408 31.0
436 908.0
546 56,778.0
i. Obtain the luminous flux in lumens for the fourth wavelength
component at 578 nm if the radiant flux of this wavelength
component is 96 W.
ii. Calculate the efficacy ofthe mercury lamp.
[10 marks]
4. a) i. What is the difference between illuminance and luminance with regards to a
certain surface. Include in your answer, the definition for the two quantities.
iii. Give two different units for illuminance and two for luminance.
[14 marks]
b) A point source is placed 1.7 cm from a photodiode with a responsivity of 0.48
~ / m W / c m 2 . The efficacy of the light source is 6 Im/W. Estimate the photodiode
output.
[6 marks]
c) A 40W frosted bulb with a bulb diameter of 6.0 cm radiates through an angular range
of 11.5 sr and delivers 90% of its power as visible light. Its efficacy is 90 Im/W.
Determine the luminance of the bulb.
[5 marks]
5
International Commission on Illumination (C.I.E)
Standard Observer Curve
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
Relative
0.6
0.5
Response
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
o
380 480
J ~ I""lillo.
IJ ~
'I
J
,
I
,
~
,
'I
\
'I \.
~ I I
,
:.,.,1JlI
ttl
1"IiIi,,
580
Wavelength (nm)
6
680 780
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1423
PROBABILITY THEORY
DR. FADHILAH YUSOF
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MATHEMATICS)
29 OCTOBER 2009
3 HOURS
1. Define
a. Sigma-field [3 marks]
b. Probability Measure [3 marks]
c. Let 0 be a set of IR. Let 'F consists of all finite disjoint union of right semi-closed
intervals [(r, s] = {x;r < x ~ s}, -00 ~ r < s < 00]. Prove that 'F is a field but not a
sigma-field by giving an example.
[4 marks]
2. a. Define Probability Space. [3 marks]
2
n
b. Given a geometric distribution in which < p<1,0 =to, 1, 2, ..., n}, n;?: 1, :F =
and
JP>(A) = L p(l- p)k-l
ken
Is (O,:F ,lP') a probability space? [5 marks]
c. Let 'FA and 'Fe be two sigma-fields on the same sample O. Prove that 'FA n 'Fe is
also a sigma-field on O.
[5 marks]
3. Prove that
[6 marks]
4. Let (Hihsisn be a family of pairwise incompatible events in a finitely additive
probability space (0, :F ,F), satisfying Ur=l Hi=fl and JP>(Ha *" 0, for all i, 1 ::;; i ::;; n. If
D E 'F is any event such that JP>(D) *" 0, then for 1 ::;; i ::;; n.
JP>(HdD) = nfP'(DIHi)IP'(Hi)
Lj=llP'(DIHj)fP'(Hj)
This is called Bayes Theorem. Prove this theorem.
(Hint: Use Theorem of Total Probabilities).
[6 marks]
2
5. Compute the hazard rate function, AxCt) when X
a. is exponentially distributed with parameter A. [4 marks]
b. is uniformly distributed over (k, I). [4 marks]
6. If X and Yare jointly distributed random variables in a probability space (0, 'F ,Jp, then
show that
a. X
2n
is a random variable for any positive integer n, [5 marks]
b. X + Yis a random variable. [5 marks]
7. Let Xl and X
2
be independent exponential random variables with parameters ~ and ~
respectively. The maximum of Xl and X
2
is a random variable. Find its distribution and
density functions.
[8 marks]
8. The sum of n independent random variables, all distributed exponentially with the same
parameter Ais called a gamma random variable with parameter Aand n. Prove that the
sum of two independent gamma random variables, one with parameters Aand nand
the other with parameters A and m is a gamma random variable with parameters A and
n+m.
[8 marks]
9. Let XlIXu...,X
rv
... be a sequence of independent Poisson random variables with X
n
n
having parameter An , a<A< 1. Prove that, as n -+ CXJ, the sequence Sn =I Xi tends to
i=l
a Poisson random variable with parameter ~ .
I-A
[8 marks]
10. Show that
[7 marks]
11. Show that Cov(X,E[YIXD =Cov(X,Y).
[6 marks]
3
12. a. State the Markov Inequality. [2 marks]
b. State the Central limit Theorem. Explain the impact of this theorem on any
random variables. [4 marks]
c. If Xhas mean ~ and standard deviation 0, show that
1
p{IX- pI ka} - 2
k
[4 marks]
4
COURSE
COURSE NAME
LECTURER
PROGRAMME
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
TO STUDENTS
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I SESSION 200912010
MSK 1613
ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MUHAMMAD SUM HJ. IDRIS
MSK
9 NOVEMBER 2009
3 HOURS
MSK 1613
QUESTION 1
(a) The nitroso group, -N=O activates ortho and para positions more strongly than meta
position towards both nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explain this
observation.
(8 marks)
(b) Consider the following scheme:
~ O H
reaction 1
~ C I
/
V
V
~ reaction 2
(i) Give the reagent and reaction conditions of each of the reaction.
(ii) Give the type of mechanism and suggest a stepwise mechanism on each of the
reaction.
(iii) Give an example of a fact and interpretation of its mechanism for reaction 2.
(12 marks)
QUESTION 2
(a) An optically active (2R)-bromobutane undergoes racemization with methanol. Propose a
mechanism for this racemization.
(4 marks)
(b) Solvolysis of chloromethylcyclopentane in methanol gives a complex products of five
compounds (substitution and elimination). Propose a stepwise mechanism to account for
these products.
(9 marks)
2
MSK 1613
(c) Predict the major E2 product formed and then rank the following alkyl halides in order of
decreasing reactivity in an E2 reaction. Explain your answer.
(7 marks)
QUESTION 3
(a) The Dieckmann reaction of Et02C(CH2)4CH(CH3)C02Et yields only one of the two
possible cyclic ~ - k e t o esters. Draw the structure of the major product formed and give its
stepwise mechanism.
(5 marks)
(b) Show how you would use the Robinson annulation to synthesize compound A and
propose a mechanism for the reaction.
A
(7 marks)
(c) Use retrosynthetic analysis and then devise a synthesis of each of the following
compounds from cyclohexanone and any other organic or inorganic reagents.
o 0
o
(i) (ii)
~ 6Jl
(8 marks)
3
MSK 1613
QUESTION 4
(a) Suggest mechanisms for the following:
a
a
a
II
CH
3
C-O-O-H
(i)
6 o
a
(ii) ~ N H 2
N
r(YNHZ
~ ..)
N
(8 marks)
(b) Account for the following:
(i) Phenyl allyl ether forms a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement but phenyl isoprenyl
ether form a [1,5] rearrangement when each are heated at high temperature.
(ii) Reactions of trans-l ,2-dimethy1cyc1ohexane-l ,2-diol and cis-I,2
dimethy1cyclohexane-l,2-diol each with catalytic amount of sulfuric acid give a
different ketone.
(iii) Treatment on each of the following compounds with sodium methoxide form the
same product.
a
II a
PhCH
z
-C-CHCH
3
II
PhCH-C-CH
z
CH
3
CI I
CI
I
(12 marks)
4
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1643
HEURISTIC METHODS
PROFESOR DR. ZUHAIMY ISMAIL
MSM
11 NOVEMBER 2009
2 HOURS 30 MINUTES
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSM 1643
HEURISTIC METHODS
PROFESOR DR. ZUHAIMY ISMAIL
MSM
11 NOVEMBER 2009
2 HOURS 30 MINUTES
1. a) Define heuristic search method and explain why and when it can be used.
[4 marks]
b) In a basic concept of heuristic search, it is characterized by the search of a
fraction of all possible solutions starting with an initial solution and applies a
specified operation to move to a neighbourhood solution. The heuristic
algorithms are characterized by the way the search moves between candidates,
If x is the initial solution, clearly define the neighbourhood and the search
moves.
[5 marks]
c) Consider a possible move when solving the following non-convex
programming problem using heuristic method.
Maximize f(x
p
x
2
) = ~ -8Ix; +155000x
2
subject to
Xl +2x
2
~ 110
3x] +x
2
~ 120
and
[6 marks]
2. a) The successful implementation of Simulated Annealing (SA) is in the choice
of neighbourhood structure and the cooling schedule. For a cooling schedule,
the current temperature T
k
, may be updated in many ways, give four ways of
updating the current temperature.
[4 marks]
b) Give one similarity and one difference between the following heuristic
methods
1. Simulated Annealing and Tabu Search
ii. Ant Colony and Genetic Algorithm
and list two advantages and disadvantages of Simulated Annealing
[8 marks]
2
MSM 1643
c) In Simulated Annealing algorithm, supposed that the current temperature
value of T is set at 1.5 with the objective function for the current trial solution
is set at 50. This trial solution has two immediate neighbours and their
objective function values are 49 and 54. Consider the problem of maximizing
the objective function, calculate the probability that it would be accepted if it
is randomly selected to become the current candidate of the next solution for
each of the immediate neighbours.
[8 marks]
3. a) Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a problem of serving customers from
city to city where the salesman must visit each customer once and should
return to the starting city forming a close path. The cost function is normally
the Euclidian distances between cities on the paths defined as
F(x) = t ~ ( x ; _X;_,)2 +(y; - Y;_1)2 + ~ ( x n _X
I
)2 +(Yn _ YI)2
; ~ 2
By using an initial temperature at 1000 degrees and the stopping temperature
0.1, clearly provide the necessary steps of simulated annealing pseudocode
for solving TSP above.
[8 marks]
b) Apply three iterations of Simulated Annealing to the following problem.
Define clearly the neighbourhood structure and the parameter values.
Maximize z =3xl +4x2
subject to
2xl + X2 S 6
2xl +3x2 ~ 9
xl,x2 ~ 0
[12 marks]
3
MSJVl f I'
4. A simulated 5 cities (coordinates of notes) for TSP is given in the hi,'
table
City X Y
1 6.85 6.73
2 8.41 0.89
3 6.58 1.05
4 5.07 5.69
5 9.45 9.79
The objective is to minimize the total tour length measured as
F(x) =t ~ ( x ; -x;_y +(y; - Y;_1)2 + ~ ( x n _X
I
)2 +(Yn _ YI)2
;=2
a. Establish a distance matrix for this TSP
[5 marksl
b. Using Tabu Search Procedure, determine the best solution after 5
iterations by setting the tabu list size as 2.
[15 marks]
5. a) The Genetic Algorithm (GA) process can be organized into three modules
that are evaluation module, population module and reproduction module.
Describe all the elements that constitute the evaluation module and the
population module.
[10 marks]
b) Consider the following non-convex programming problem
Maximize
6
f{x) = x - 136x
5
+6800x
4
-155000x
3
+1570000x
2
- 5000000x
subject to
oS x S 50 and integer
i) Using GA approach, generate a population of initial feasible solution with
population size 2.
ii) By using binary string to represent the solution, show how the one-point
crossover and mutation operators are applied to the population of the initial
feasible solution produced above. Using the generated random number given
in Appendix I or otherwise, ifneed be.
iii) State clearly the important information needed for the GA operation.
[15marks]
4
MSM 1643
Appendix 1 Generated Random Number
0.0589 0.3529 0.5869 0.3455 0.7900 0.6307
0.6733 0.3646 0.1281 0.4871 0.7698 0.2346
0.4799 0.7676 0.2867 0.8111 0.2871 0.4220
0.9486 0.8931 0.8216 0.8912 0.9534 0.6991
0.6139 0.3919 0.8261 0.4291 0.1394 0.9745
0.5933 0.7876 0.3866 0.2302 0.9025 0.3428
0.9341 0.5199 0.7125 0.5954 0.1605 0.6037
0.1782 0.6358 0.2108 0.5423 0.3567 0.2569
0.3473 0.7472 0.3575 0.4208 0.3070 0.0546
0.5644 0.8954 0.2926 0.6975 0.5513 0.0305
5
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTIONS
UTM
......................................................................
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I SESSION 2009n010
MSK 1733
SYNTHESIS AND MECHANISM OF
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
PROF. DR MUSTAFFA SHAMSUDDIN
MSK
2 NOVEMBER 2009
2.5 HOURS
1. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE ANSWER BOOK PROVIDED.
2. BEGIN YOUR ANSWER OF EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE.
a. Explain how the following modifications affect the rate of a substitution
reaction of a pt square planar complex.
i. changing a trans ligand from H to CI
ii. changing the leaving group from CI to I.
iii. adding a bulky substituent to a cis ligand
iv. increase the positive charge on the metal
(4+4+3+3 marks)
b. The following data were collected for the following substitution reaction:
[Pt(dien)Xr + py ~ [Pt(dien)py]2+ + x
dien = diethylenediamine
py = pyridyl
Ligand, X
1900
cr 35
Sf 23
r 10
CN
0.02
Give your explanations on the observed rates of reaction.
(10 marks)
c. The rate of substitution of CI in [Pt{P(C
2
H
s
hhRCI] by CW increases by
several orders of magnitude when R is changed from 2,6-C
6
H
s
(CH
3
h to C
6
H
s
.
Explain this observation. Draw the structure of the initial Pt complex clearly
showing its geometry.
(6 marks)
a. The reactions of Rh(III) complexes proceed via a dissociative (D) mechanism.
State the effect of the following on the rate of such reactions:
i. an increase in the positive charge on the complex
ii. changing the leaVing group from CI- to N0
3
iii. changing the cis ligands from P(CH

3
h to H
2
0
(2+2+4 marks)
b. The following data given below are for the reaction of trans [Co(enh(L)(X)]2+
with H
2
0:
L X %trans Isomer in product
cr 100
cr 25
en = ethylenediamine
2
Explain the significance of the above data in terms of a possible ligand
substitution mechanism.
c. Explain why the hydrolysis of [Co(NH
3
)sCI]2+ in the presence of NaOH je "
than 1000 times faster than that of [Co(py>SCI]2+. Include in your answer lriC'
possible mechanism to account for the enhancement in rate.
(8 marks)
d. For the aquation reaction,
the following observations were made:
a. reaction is very fast although C0
3
+is considered as inert
b. water is not initially incorporated into the Co coordination sphere
Suggest a probable mechanism for the reaction.
(6 marks)
a. i. Define trans effect as applied in the synthesis of square planar complex?
ii. Why do phosphine ligands, PR
3
, show such a high trans effect.
(1+4 marks)
b. Using [ptCl
4
f as metal containing starting materials, outline the synthesis of
cis and trans isomers of [Pt(NH
3
)(N0
2
)CI2l
(trans effect order: N0
2
- > cr > NH
3
)
(4 marks)
c. For each of the following situations concerning ligand substitution reactions,
decide whether associative or dissociative pathway is indicated. Give your
reasons.
i. H
2
0 displacement from complex [ML
s
(H
2
0)]2+ is faster by S2- than CI-
ii. Hydrolysis of [MLsX]2- is more rapid for L = (C
2
H
s
hN than for L = (CH
3
hN
(6 marks)
a. C ~ + ( a q ) is considered labile. Explain why it is a popular reductant for inner
sphere electron transfer reaction?
(3 marks)
b. In the reaction of [Co(NCS)(NH
3
)s]2+ with [Fe(H
2
0)6]2+ in water as solvent, it is
possible to identify [Fe(NCS)(H
2
0>st+ as an intermediate.
i. Out/ine a possible reaction scheme for the above reaction. Provide
explanation on the mechanism of the reaction
ii. What are the final products of the reaction?
(8+2 marks)
3
c. i. Describe the factors that can affect the rate of electron transfer in an outer
sphere mechanism.
ii. For the following pairs of reactions, predict which has the larger self
exchange rate constant, k
11
. Give your reason.
(5+3 marks)
13
d. Table below gives the rate constants for the CU
2
+ + exchange reaction:
where *Cr is 51Cr and X is a monoanionic ligand
x
F 1.2 X 10-
3
cr 11
60
i. What is the likely mechanism of the reaction?
ii. Explain the difference in the rate constants
(1+3 marks)
--End of Paper-
4
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
UTM
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSKI713
ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PROFESOR DR WAN AZELEE WAN ABU BAKAR
MSK
26 OCTOBER 2009
2.5 HOURS
MSK 1713
MSK 1713 - ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ANSWER ALL GIVEN QUESTIONS.
Question 1. (18 Marks)
i) Write the Russell-Saunders term symbols for states with angular
momentum quantum numbers:
a) (3, 3/2), b) (2,1/2), c) (1,1).
(1 +1 +1 Marks)
ii) Identify the ground term from each set of terms:
a) 1G
,
3F
,
3p
,
1p
b) 3H, 3p, 50, \ 1G
c) 6S, 4G, 4p, 21
(1+1+1 Marks)
iii) Identify the ground terms of the gas phase for species:
a) B+ (Z=3), b) Na (Z=11), c) Ti
2
+(Z=22) and d) Ag+ (Z=47).
(1 +1 +1 +1 Marks)
iv) By using the Tanabe-Sugano diagrams provided, identify the electronic
transitions which relate to the bahds observed from UV-Visible
spectroscopy for the following complexes;
a) The complex of [Ni(H
2
0)6]2+ consists of three bands occurred at 8500, 13800
and 25000 cm-
1
(Atomic No. of Ni = 28),
b) The complex of [Cr(H
2
0)6]3+ consists of three bands observed at 17000,
24000 and 37800 cm-
1
(Atomic No. of Cr = 24),
c) The complex of [Co(NH
3
)6]3+ consists of two bands observed at 21200 and
29550 cm-\Atomic No. of Co = 27).
(3+3+2 Marks)
-1
MSK 1713
i) How does each of the following modifications affect the rate of a square
planar complex substitution reaction?
a) Changing a trans ligand from H to CI,
b) Changing the leaving group from CI to I,
c) Adding a bulky substituent to a cis ligand,
d) Increasing the positive charge on the complex.
(2+2+2+2 Marks)
ii) State the effect on the rate of dissociatively activated reactions of Rh(llI)
complexes;
a) An increase in the overall charge on the complex,
b) Changing the leaving group from N0
3
" to cr,
c) Changing the entering group from cr to 1",
d) Changing the cis ligands from NH
3
to H
2
0.
e) Changing an ethylenediamine ligand to propylenediamine when the
leaving ligand is cr.
(2+2+2+2+2 Marks)
i) Give reason why C0
4
(CO)12 undergo faster exchange with added
13CO compare to Ir4(CO)12,
ii) The compound [Ni(t')s.CsHshl readily reacts with HF to yield [Ni(t')s.
CsHs)( t')4.CsH6)t whereas [Fe(t')s-CsHshl reacts with strong acid to
yield [Fe(t')s.CsHs)2Ht. In the latter compound, the H atom is
attached to the Fe atom. Provide a reasonable explanation for this
difference.
(2+3 Marks)
-2
MSK 1713
i) Propose a synthesis for [MnH(CO)s] cluster, starting with Mn2(CO)1o
as the source of Mn and other reagent of your choice,
ii) Suggest a sequence of reactions for the preparation of
Fe(diphos)(COh [Given: iron metal, CO, diphos (Ph
2
PCH
2
CH
2
PPh
2
),
and other reagents of your choice].
(4+4 Marks)
State the two common methods for the preparation of simple metal carbonyl and
illustrate your answer with chemical equations. Is the selection of the method
based on thermodynamic or kinetic consideration?
(11 Marks)
i) Write out the inner and outer-sphere mechanisms for the reduction of
azidopentaammine cobalt(lII) ion, [Co(NH
3
)5N
3
]2+ with V
2
+(aq). What
experimental data might be used to distinguish between these two
mechanisms?
(12 Marks)
ii) The intermediate [Fe(SCN)(OH
2
)s]2+ can be detected in the reaction of
[Co(NCS)(NH
3
)s]2+ with Fe
2
+(aq) to give Fe
3
+(aq) and C0
3
+(aq). What
does this observation suggest about the mechanism and give
reason.
(6 Marks)
Most organometallic compounds are very sensitive towards oxygen and moisture
and their preparation should be conducted in inert environment. Sketch the
experiment set-up and describe in detail how to accomplish an experiment
according to the reaction below in order to obtain maximum yield;
hu,hexane
______.... Cr(CO)sPMe3(green solid) + CO
(17 Marks)
-3
Given a hydrogenation catalytic reaction of propene as follows;
i) Propose a mechanism in the form of catalytic cycle, showing the role
of the catalyst,
ii) Name all
reaction,
the type of reactions involved in the above catalytic
iii) Give balanced chemical equations for oxidative addition and
reductive elimination of the above reaction and assign oxidation
numbers to all the rhodium complexes in the equations,
iv) Give valence electron number/count to all the rhodium complexes in
your proposed catalytic cycle.
(10+6+4+5 Marks)
-4
UTM
lINIVERSl1'1 TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA FACULTY OF SCIENCE
FINAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT CODE MSK 1743
SUBJECT NAME BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LECTURER (S) ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD NORDIN GARIF
COURSE MSK
TIME 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTION
1. Answer all Questions.
2. All answers must be written in the answer script provided. Write down
your lecturer's name on the front page of your answer script.
Question 1
(a) Draw a table to summarize the following properties related to the four protein
complexes in Electron Transport Chain (ETC): name ofthe complexes, molecular
weight, number ofsubunits and the electron carriers.
(10 marks)
(b) Dmw a diagram to show the sequence of electron carriers in ETC against standard
reduction potential, EOSRP ( Note: values of EOSRP for NADH and O
2
only are
required). Show also the direction of electron flow.
(7 marks)
(c) Explain why the production of ATP in cells is carried out in a controlled process
in which NADH or FADH2 are separated from oxygen
(3 marks)
Question 2
(a) Describe the structure, classification, properties and function of iron-sulfur
clusters (Fe-S) in ETC.
(14 marks)
(b) Both Fe(II) and Fe(II1) in Fe-S clusters are high spin complex. Explain this fact.
(6marks)
Question 3
(a) Write all the redox reactions which take place in complex IV in ETC based on the
reaction sequence below and then show the overall reaction for this complex.
2Fe
2
+ 3
2Fe
2
+
( 2Fe +
+ 2H+ (120
2
cyt c cyta
cytB3
2Fe
3
+
2Fe
2
+ 2Fe
3
+
H2O
(11 marks)
(b) Calculate the voltage value for the overall reaction in 3(a}. Use the EO SRP table in
page 4.
(3 marks)
(c) Explain the formation of proton gradient in ETC process and its role in the
formation of ATP.
(6 marks)
2
MSK1743
Question 4
(a) Discuss the similarities and differences related to structure and function between
hemoglobin (Hb) and cytochrome c (cyt c)
(8 marks)
(b) (i) What are cofactor and coenzyme? Give one example each to show the
difference.
(ii) Briefly explain the role of Zn
2
+in Carboxyoepetidase A (CPA) for example in
the hydrolysis of the dipeptide glycine tyrosine.
(4 + 8 marks)
Question 5
(a) Describe briefly the structure and functions of Vitamin B
12
and NAD+.
(10 marks)
(b) Mention three biological functions of
(i)
(ii)
block s elements (Na and K)
Calcium
(6 marks)
(c) Explain why Mg is important for green plant
(4 marks)
3
I
MSK 1743
TABLE 18.1 Standard reduction potentials of some reactions
Oxidant Reductant n E ~ ( V )
Succinate + CO
2
(X- Ketoglutarate 2 - 0.67
Acetate Acetaldehyde 2 -0.60
Ferredoxin (oxidized) Ferredoxin (reduced) 1 - 0.43
2 H+
H..'
2 - 0.42
l\AD
i
l\ADH + HI 2 - 0.32
KADP' KADPH + H I 2 - 0.32
Lipoate (oxidized) Lipoate (reduced) 2 - 0.29
Gl utathione (oxidized) Glutathione (reduced) 2 - 0.23
FAD FADH
2
2 - 0.22
Acetaldehyde Ethanol 2 - 0.20
Pyruvate Lactate 2 - 0.19
')
fumarate Succinate 0.03
Cytochrome b (+3) Cytochrome b ( +2) 1 0.07
Dehydroascorbate Ascorbate 2 0.08
Ubiquinone (oxidized) Ubiquinone (reduced) 2 0.10
Cytochrome c ( + 3) Cytochrome c (+ 2) 1 0.22
Fe (+3) Fe (+ 2) 1 0.77
: O
2
+ 2 H+ H
2
O 2 0.82
Note: E:/ is the standard oxidation-reduction potential (pH 7, 25C) and n is the number
of electrons transferred. ;1 refers to the partial reaction written as
Oxidant + e ---') reductant
4
UTM
Faculty of Science
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME:
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTIONS
FINAL EXAMINATION
MSN 1803
FORENSIC EVIDENCE AND THE ASPECTS OF LAW
ASSOC. PROF. DR UMI KALTHOM BT AHMAD
MSc. FORENSIC SCIENCE
14 OCTOBER 2009
2.5 HOURS
i. ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND ANY THREE (3) OTHER
QUESTIONS OUT OF FIVE (5) QUESTIONS GIVEN.
ii. ANSWER EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE
MSN 1803 FORENSIC EVIDENCE AND THE ASPECTS OF LAW
1'>--11' i:\f!'li1-'1 .. ,I . o)/r(;'ji '(ifl '.1 ill"
, " ' .:. . .
Question 1
Read the following case file and answer the questions that follow;
CASE OF DIANE CHENERY-WICKENS
Birmingham, April 29, 2009 ... Forensic Science Service experts worked their way through hundreds of
pieces of evidence as part of the police investigation into the disappearance of Emmy award-winning
make-up artist Diane Chenery-Wickens.
Chenery-Wickens, who had worked on high-profile TV series including Pride and Prejudice and League of
Gent/emen, disappeared on the night of January 22, 2008. Until her body was found dumped in woodland
some four months later, Sussex Police had no murder scene and consequently needed to submit
evidence from various sites of interest associated with their enquiries.
It was only by painstakingly working their way through the evidence that Forensic Science Service (FSS)
experts were able to eventually discredit the version of events given by David Chenery-Wickens, who
killed his wife before dumping her body at Worth Lane, Little Horsted, East Sussex.
"Without a murder scene we were supplied with items from multiple locations including the marital home,
both partners' cars and the Lavender Line railway preservation society of which the husband was a
member," explained FSS forensic scientist Helen Myhill. "That meant we had to examine several hundred
items."
The FSS was sent the first submissions - from the couple's cars and the home at Hazelden Cottage,
Duddleswell - on February 5. The initial batch of items did not include the victim's watch and a ring, both
of which she was believed to wear constantly. These items were later found at the cottage, leading police
to suspect they had been recovered from the victim and placed in the cottage.
Chenery-Wickens told police his wife had not been wearing the items on the night she disappeared but
FSS experts found bloodstains on the items.
Using the Low Copy Number DNA profiling technique pioneered by the FSS - which enables DNA
profiles to be obtained from tiny amounts of genetic material - forensic scientists were able to confirm the
blood was from Diane Chenery-Wickens. On top of that discovery, FSS scientists were able to say the
location of the bloodstains was consistent with them being removed while she was bleeding.
Meanwhile staff from the FSS' marks and traces team spent days searching an Audi A4 car belonging to
the couple for potential footprints and removing particles of material from the boot and other locations in
case they would be needed at a later stage.
2
MSN 1803 FORENSIC EVIDENCE AND THE ASPECTS OF lAW
Dr Sarah Jacob and her footwear team in London also examined 13 pairs of shoes, an odd shoe and
images of another eight pairs of footwear from various locations to see if a match could be found with a
partial footprint in the Audi.
A breakthrough came when a dog walker found Diane's body on May 15. The remains were identified
from dental records and no cause of death could be established from the post mortem.
This would subsequently open up a potential defence at trial with Chenery-Wickens' lawyers claiming a
discarded phial nearby was evidence Diane had committed suicide.
But FSS toxicologist John Slaughter discredited this idea by finding no trace of any drug in her body.
"We tested for all commonly found substances and particularly the drug found in the discarded phial
nearby - which was of the type used by vets to put down animals," explained John.
FSS personnel tested holly found covering the body for an attacker's bloodstains, looked for possible fibre
matches between the attacker and victim and even brought in an expert to examine whether soil found on
the husband's shoes matched the site where the body was found, after Chenery-Wickens told police he
had never visited the site. A pair of cowboy boots was found alongside the body, tallying with Chenery
Wickens' account of the outfit his wife had been wearing when she vanished. But FSS personnel spotted
the f o o ~ e a r still had boot shapers inside, suggesting they had not been worn at the time of death and
leading police to suspect the husband had returned to the site to corroborate his account of events.
David Chenery-Wickens was given a life sentence for murder, with a minimum 18-year-term, at Lewes
Crown Court in March 2009.
a. Fibres were found as physical evidence in this case. State five analyses that could
have been carried out for possible fibre matches between the attacker and victim.
b. In the examination of footprints, describe briefly how the forensic scientists could
have
i. Examined the shoes
ii. Compared images of footwear from various locations
iii. Lifted a partial footprint in the Audi.
c. Briefly outline the tests taken to ascertain whether soil found on the husband's shoes
matched the site where the body was found.
(5+9+6 marks)
3
Question 2
Several scientists made history and were responsible for the significant development in forensic
science. Write short notes on the scientist concerned with the following;
a. If he wished to be remembered for anyone thing, it would be for his contribution to
criminalistics.....
b. He produced a monumental, seven-volume work, Traite de Criminalistique,
c. The man behind the exclamation 'Eureka'.
d. He developed a system consisted of a photograph and 11 body measurements.
(5 x 4 marks)
Question 3
When offering testimony as an expert witness, regardless of the witness' discipline, five distinct
topic areas must be covered.
a. State and briefly explain what the five areas are.
b. Under cross-examination, why must the forensic scientist be careful in the way that he or
she expresses his or her opinions?
c. Improper evidence may have lead to false convictions of some individuals. Explain, with
suitable examples, what improper evidence implies.
d. Describe a real case of failed forensics where the way the evidence was interpreted had
named the wrong person in a crime.
(5+4+5+6 marks)
4
Question 4
Below is an excerpt of an experience of a first time forensic expert witness in court;
While waiting in the hallway outside the courtroom to testify as an expert witness,
I thought of all the ways my testimony could go wrong. I had hours to contemplate
opposing counsel's questions for me. It was my first time testifying, and I didn It
want to blow it. But I relaxed as I eased into the witness chair and stole a glance
at the judge.......
a. List five (5) do's and don'ts of testimony that the expert witness should know in order
to communicate effectively in court.
b. Why is it necessary to contemplate opposing counsel's questions before going into
court?
c. What other preparations should be taken
i. Before trial
ii. During the trial
d. If you were the expert witness, how would you preserve a professional demeanor
during testimony?
(5+4+6+5 marks)
Question 5
Briefly explain the folloWing;
a. The European and British influence on the Malaysian legal system.
b. The difference between secular laws (criminal and civil) and sharia laws.
c. The composition and presidency of Malaysian subordinate courts.
~ trmlfli9n Qf r ~ a l court as compared to the court of appeal.
(5 x 4 marks)
- END OF QUESTIONS
5
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
FII\JAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT CODE: MSN 1802
SUBJECT NAME: FORENSIC PRACTICAL
LECTURER (S) : SITI NORHAWANI HARUN
ASSOC. PROF. DR UMI KALTHOM BT AHMAD
COURSE MSc. FORENSIC SCIENCE
DATE 26 OCTOBER - 6 NOVEMBER 2009
TIME 8 X 14 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: PERFORM ALL TASKS GIVEN.
MSN 1802 FORENSIC PRACTICAL
Task 1
A criminal case has been reported (in an undisclosed area) and a forensic team is called to
investigate the scene. As a team of forensic investigators, you are required to
a. Identify the roles to be undertaken in the CSI team, conduct a thorough crime scene
investigation that includes recognition, collection, preservation, packaging and storage
of the recovered evidence in the crime scene.
b. Produce a
i. Detailed CSI report and
ii. A moot court CSI report.
(30 + (10+10) marks)
Task 2
As a forensic scientist, you have received several samples for analyses.
a. You are required to select and perform relevant forensic laboratory analyses for the
physical evidence submitted to you.
b. Subsequently, you are required to;
i. Compose a detailed scientific laboratory report as well as;
ii. A moot court laboratory report.
(20 + (20+10) marks)
- END OF QUESTIONS
2
MSN 1802 FORENSIC PRACTICAL
Task 1
A criminal case has been reported (in an undisclosed area) and a forensic team is called to
investigate the scene. As a team of forensic investigators, you are required to
a. Identify the roles to be undertaken in the CSI team, conduct a thorough crime scene
investigation that includes recognition, collection, preservation, packaging and storage
of the recovered evidence in the crime scene.
b. Produce a
i. Detailed CSI report and
ii. A moot court CSI report.
(30 + (10+10) marks)
Task 2
As a forensic scientist, you have received several samples for analyses.
a. You are required to select and perform relevant forensic laboratory analyses for the
physical evidence submitted to you.
b. Subsequently, you are required to;
i. Compose a detailed scientific laboratory report as well as;
ii. A moot court laboratory report.
(20 + (20+10) marks)
- END OF QUESTIONS
2
MSN 1913 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
!lIM
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
Faculty of Science
FINAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT CODE
SUBJECT NAME
LECTURER (S)
COURSE
DATE
TIME
INSTRUCTION
MSN 1913
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
ACP DR. YEW CHONG HOOI
SUPT SOO ME TONG
MSc. FORENSIC SCIENCE
20 OCTOBER 2009
2.5 HOURS
: i. ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS OUT
OF FIVE (5) QUESTIONS GIVEN.
ii. ANSWER EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE.
Question 1
Two masked armed robbers held up the Maybank at Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak,
Kuala Lumpur. Waiting for them outside the bank in a getaway car was a female
accomplice/driver. Before jumping over the counter to retrieve the money, one of the
robbers fired two shots. The other robber kept watch and at the same time robbed
the customers of all their cash and jewelleries. Shortly, the two robbers exit the bank
and subsequently escaped in the getaway car. Policemen later found the getaway
car abandoned at a location several miles away from the bank.
a. What is meant by a primary crime scene and the secondary scene? Illustrate
your answer with reference to the above scenario.
b. List all possible physical evidence that could be found at the two scenes?
c. Briefly discuss how the above mentioned evidence found and collected at a
scene could help to solve the case?
(4+6+10) marks
Question 2
A man was found lying, face down and confirmed dead at Lorong 25, Taman Merpati,
Johor. Two stabbed wounds were found in the chest and stomach respectively. The
deceased's neck was slashed. If you were the team leader of a crime scene
investigation, how would you manage the crime scene so that the investigation is
done smoothly and effectively;
a. Before entering the scene
b. During the crime scene search
c. After leaving the scene
(6+10+4 marks)
2
Question 3
A Double Murder Case was reported to have occurred in a double story terrace
house. The house had one kitchen, one living room and a store room on the ground
floor and three bedrooms on the top floor. Two female victims were found dead, one
was tied to the bed with stabbed wounds in one of the bedrooms, with only a pool of
blood found under the bed, while the second victim was found lying face down with
stab and slash wounds in the kitchen. After investigation, physical evidence
recovered and information obtained were as follows:
Condition at the kitchen and the living room were messy with blood droplets
and spatters on the floor and wall.
The rooms were found to have been ransacked. There were bloodstains on
the wardrobe and drawers.
Many bloodstained footprints were found in the kitchen and the liVing room.
A total of five (5) knives stained with blood were found on the ground floor.
No blood droplet or blood stain were found on the staircase.
Blood stain was found on the door knob of the main door.
Verified intelligence/information revealed that only one male suspect was
involved in this murder case.
a. Explain the types of physical evidence that can be used to identify the
suspect.
b. Based on the above information, formulate a hypothesis on the sequence of
the events that took place and believed to be consistent with the above
mentioned scenario. Give reasons for your answer.
(5 +15) marks
Question 4
In homicide cases, forensic scientists are in the same position as the investigator. They will
need to answer the 5W and 1H questions posed by investigator;
'Who? What? When? Where? How? And Why?'
Explain the forensic methods/tools to find the answers of the above mentioned questions.
(3+3+5+3+3+3) marks
3
Question 5
A well known Exchange Principle is often used by an investigating officer to recognise and
identify relevant physical evidence in a crime scene investigation.
a. State the principle used and illustrate your answer with suitable case examples.
b. Differentiate between the following pair of terminologies:
i. Class characteristic and individual characteristic
ii. Questioned sample and control sample
c. List the usefulness of the physical evidence to solve crime cases.
(6+(4+4)+6) marks
- END OF QUESTIONS
4
UTM
FacuIty of Science
FINAL EXAMINATION
SUBJECT CODE MSN 1983
SUBJECT NAME FIREARMS & FORENSIC BALLISTICS
LECTURER (S) : SUPT SOO ME TONG
SUPT MUHAMMAD KOEY ABDULLAH
COURSE MSc. FORENSIC SCIENCE
DATE 22 OCTOBER 2009
TIME 2.5 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: i. ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS OUT OF
SIX (6) QUESTIONS GIVEN.
ii. ANSWER EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE.
- ",:.,
MSN 1983 FIREARMS &FORENSIC BAlliSTICS
Question 1
Ballistics identification in a shooting case can give important information that can guide criminal
investigations as to the types of firearms used. In a shooting scenario at the crime scene, a total
of sixteen (16) crime ballistic samples were gathered. Of which,
Seven (7) were from spent cartridge cases bearing identification and findings as below:
o 4 spent cartridge cases bearing identification - 9 mm SME 6 87; Circular firing
pin mark.
o 2 spent cartridge cases bearing identification - 9 mm SME 8 99; Rectangular
firing pin mark.
1 spent cartridge cases bearing identification - 12 bore WCC 87.
One (1) life ammunition bearing identification at base - 9 mm SME 8 99
One (1) pistol 0.38" Spl Smith & Wesson 2" barrel, bearing serial number NVM2333577
together with 5 rounds of 0.38" Spl life ammunition; primer untouched (Cylinder fully
loaded).
Two (2) fired bullet projectiles with features as follows:
o 1 partially damaged bullet projectile full metal jacket of 9 mm caliber; 5 Land &
Grooves with right twist.
o 1 bullet projectile full metal jacket of 9 mm caliber; 5 Land & Grooves with left
twist.
Based on the forensic findings of the above scenario:
a. How many guns were likely to be used in committing the crime? Briefly explain
your answer.
b. How many types of caliber of guns were used? Give explanation to your answers.
c. In your opinion, what could have happened to the pistol 0.38" Spl Smith &
Wesson 2" barrel whilst the crime was being committed?
(8+6+6 marks)
2
MSN 1983 FIREARMS & FORENSIC BALLISTICS
Question 2
Reconstruction of shooting scenes typically involves:
a. Trajectory determination
b. Muzzle-to-target distance determination
c. Cartridge casing ejection patterns analysis
d. Glass fracture analysis
e. Blood spatter interpretation and
f. Microscopic analysis of recovered cartridge and bullet.
Select any five (5) of the above analysis. Explain the types of information that can be used to
reconstruct the incident.
(5 x 4 marks)
Question 3
In a rifled handgun, there are distinct marks to give identification as to that individual gun. As
the saying goes, "No two handguns have the same characteristics, just as no two suspects ever
have the same fingerprint identification".
a. Do you agree to the statement? Explain briefly to support your decision.
b. What about homemade guns that have smooth bore barrels? Would your answer
still be the same? Explain.
(10+10 marks)
Question 4
Class characteristics are crucial leads in firearms identification.
3
MSN 1983 FIREARMS & FORENSIC BALLISTICS
a. In an armed robbery scene, 5 spent 9 mm cartridge cases were found at the
crime scene. Based on class characteristics, what information can you derive
from the physical evidence found?
b. Two (2) fired bullets of 9 mm of which one with 5 Land & Grooves right twist,
while the other with 5 Land & Grooves left twist were also found at the crime
scene. What information can be gathered based on the class characteristics?
c. Of the findings from cartridges cases and the fired bullets, which is more
important? Briefly explain your answer.
(8+6+6 marks)
Question 5
Internal ballistics best defines the firearms identification over external and terminal ballistics.
Briefly explain the following terms and discuss features that could assist in forensic
investigation:
a. Internal ballistics,
b. External ballistics and
c. Terminal ballistics.
(7+7+6 marks)
Question 6
Explain the potential evidential value of ballistics associated to a shooting scene with reference
to marks and impressions that may be available from
a. Spent cartridge cases,
b. Bullets and
c. Wads.
(7+7+6 marks)
- END OF QUESTIONS
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