Grade-10 Practice Olympiad

Solutions

1) There are five basic triangles which are not made up of smaller ones. There are four
more triangles made up of two smaller ones, and one more triangle made up of three
smaller ones. There are a total of 10 triangles in the diagram.

2) Suppose p is the original price. After applying the 10% discount, the price is p−0.10p =
0.90p. After applying the tax, the price becomes

0.90p + (0.10)(0.90)p = 0.90p + 0.09p = 0.99p.

The final price is 0.99 or 99% of the original price.

3) The last seat in Row 1 is number 24, the last one in Row 2 is number 48, the last
one in Row 3 is number 72, and so on. It follows that the last seat in Row 15 is
number 360, and so the 15th seat in Row 16 is number 375. The answer is Row 16.

4) Suppose there are n days in a week. Then there are n × n days in a month and
n × n × n days in a year. It follows that n3 = 1000 and hence n = 10. There are 10
days in a week.

5) Each side of the original triangle is 25 cm long. After removing the smaller trian-
gles each longer side has length 15 cm. Since each shorter side has length 5 cm, the
perimeter of the resulting region is 60 cm.

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15

6) After n years, Mario was 27 + n and Pedro was 3 + n. Mario would have been three
times as old as Pedro when 27 + n = 3(3 + n). In this case,

27 + n = 9 + 3n; 18 = 2n; 9=n

Thus after 9 years Mario was three times as old as Pedro, and this happened when
Mario was 36 and Pedro was 12.
 7) Suppose the white squares are a × a and the shaded rectangles are a × b as shown.
Then each square has perimeter 4a and each rectangle has perimeter 2a + 2b. Since
the rectangles have double the perimeter of the squares, 2a + 2b = 2(4a). It follows
that b = 3a. Since a + b = 6 we have a = 1.5 cm and b = 4.5 cm. By applying this
information to the original diagram, we see that perimeter of the original figure is 21.
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8) Let the numbers be n, n + 1, n + 2, . . ., n + 5. Then

a × f = n(n + 5) = n2 + 5n;
b × e = (n + 1)(n + 4) = n2 + 5n + 4;
c × d = (n + 2)(n + 3) = n2 + 5n + 6

By direct comparison, the largest product is c × d.

9) Note that the area of the rectangle ABCD is 15 cm2 . Also, the area of triangle M DN
is half that of rectangle M DCN and the area of triangle M BN is half that of rect-
angle M ABN . It follows that the parallelogram M BN D has area 7.5 cm2 . Since the
area of the quadrilateral M P QD is exactly half of that, its area is 3.75 cm2 .

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10) Let the original ten numbers be n, n + 1, n + 2, . . ., n + 9. Their sum is 10n + 45.
Let the eliminated number be n + k for some k ∈ {0, 1, 2, . . . , 9}. Then the sum of the
original ten numbers is also n + k + 2009. Thus

10n + 45 = n + k + 2009; 9n = 1964 + k.

The only 9-multiple in the progression 1964, 1965, 1966, . . ., 1973 is 1971. It follows
that k = 7 and n = 219. Thus the original ten numbers are 219, 220, 221, . . ., 228
and the deleted number is 226.