ENEE 381 First Examination November 2, 2004, 12:30 - 1:45pm ANSWER 3 QUESTIONS If more than 3 are answered, best

3 will count (1) A linearly polarized plane electromagnetic wave propagating in the z -direction has an electric eld that can be represented as Ex = E0 ej (tkz) . prove that the magnetic eld is Hy = H0 ej (tkz) , where E0 = H0 5 0 r
0 r

An unusual bright monochromatic star has a total power output of 1025 W at a wavelength of 500nm. What is the observed average Poynting vector in free space at a distance of 1012 m from the star?( 3pts.) What are the electric and magnetic eld amplitudes of the wave? (2 pts.) How would these change if the elds were measured inside a transparent material with r = 10, r =5? (2 pts.) If the electric and magnetic elds of the wave were 45 dierent in phase what would now be the average Poynting vector in free space? (3 pts.) (2) Use Maxwells equations to prove that when a plane electromagnetic traveling in the +z -direction enters a good conductor lling the space z > 0 that the eld amplitudes decay as (4pts.) Ex ez/ . Derive an expression for the skin depth in terms of the frequency and conductivity of the metal. (2pts.) Explain any assumptions that you make. A circular wire of radius 10mm and conductivity 3107 S/m has a high frequency voltage at 10GHz applied to it that gives a peak eld in the wire of 1V/m at its surface. What is the impedance of a 1m length of this wire?(3pts.) What is the magnetic eld at the surface of the wire? (1 pt.) (3) Prove that on a transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0 terminated with a load ZL that the reection coecient is (3 pts.) = and the transmission coecient is = 2ZL . ZL + Z0 (2pts.) ZL Z0 , ZL + Z0 (3pts.)

A transmission line of characteristic impedance 100ohm is being driven at a frequency of 100MHz. The line is terminated with a 50ohm resistor and 10nanofarad capacitor in series. Calculate ||, the phase angle of the reection coecient , the standing wave ratio S , and the fraction of the incident power on the line that is delivered to the load. (5 pts.) The phase velocity of waves on the line is 2108 m/s. (4) Do two of the following: (a) What is the potential dierence generated between the axis and edge of a rotating conducting disk of diameter 1m if the disk rotates at 3000 rpm (revolutions per minute). There is a uniform magnetic ux density B of magnitude 1 Tesla acting normal to the plane of the disk. (b) Explain how the scalar potential denition E = grad has to be modied when electromagnetic elds change with time. (c) Derive the telegraphists equations for an LC transmission line V I = L z t I V = C z t Useful information
0

0 = 4 107 Maxwells equations

= 8.854 1012

F/m

Henry/m. m/s.

c0 = 2.998 108 curlE =

B . t D curlH = j + . t divD = . divB = 0. k=

0 r 0 r .

k = /c. curl curlE = grad divE 2 E. 0 Z0 = 0 / 0 = 376.7 ohm.

CurlE =

D = 0 E + P. W w W w W Ey Ex Ez Ey Ex Ez i+ j+ k. y z z x x y

ENEE 381 First Examination Solutions

(1) P := 10
25 12

Power of point source in W

R := 10 Savg :=

P 4 R
2

Average Poynting vector calculated using surface area of sphere

Savg = 0.796 0 := 8.854 10 0 := 4 10 Z0 := 0 0

W/m2
12 7

Characteristic impedance of free space

Z0 = 376.734 Savg = E :=

)2

2 Z0 2 Z0 Savg 2 Savg Z0 r := 5

Savg = Z0

H 2

)2
E-field amplitude in V/m

E = 24.487

H := r := 10 Z := E :=

H = 0.065

H-field amplitude in A/m

0 r 0 r 2 Z Savg 2 Savg Z

Z = 266.391 E = 20.591 E-field amplitude in V/m

H :=

H = 0.077

H-field amplitude in A/m

With a 45 degree phase shift

i 45 deg

Hnew := H e

45 deg = 0.785 radians

Savg := 0.5 Re E Hnew

Hnew is complex conjugate

Savg = 0.563

(2)

:= 3 10

7 9

r := 10

:= 10 10 :=

Frequency

1 0
7

= 9.189 10 Rs := 1

Skin depth in meters Rs = 0.036 surface resistance in ohms

Resistance of wire R := Rs 2 r L := R

Z := R + i L Z = 0.577 + 0.577i Impedance of 1m of wire in ohms

The current in the wire is I := 1 Z

I = 0.866 0.866i I H := 2 r The real current is Ireal := I Ireal = 1.225 Hreal := Ireal 2 r From Amperes Law

Hreal = 19.492 Note that ohmic dissipation in wire is P := 0.5 Re 1 I P = 0.433 Poynting vector flux into wire PS := 2 r 0.5 Re 1 H

( )

PS = 0.433

same as ohmic dissipation

(3)

Z0 := 100 R := 50 := 2 10 ZL := R +
8

Characteristic impedance C := 10 10 1
9

i C

ZL = 50 0.159i := ZL Z0 ZL + Z0 :=
3

2 ZL ZL + Z0

= 0.333 1.415i 10 = 0.333 arg ( ) deg S := = 179.757

Phase angle in degrees

1+ 1

S= 2 Power fraction into load is F := 1

)2

F = 0.889 (4) The motional electric field is Em= v x B. This is the apparent electric field that comes from the Lorentz force := 3000 60 2 angular velocity in radians per second

The tangential velocity at radius r is v(r)= r, in m/s v ( r) = 3000 50 2 r

Em ( r) = v ( r) B B := 1 R := 0.5 V :=
R

radius of disk 3000 60 2 B r dr

V = 39.27

Volts