Fahrenheit is the oldest of the three - Celsius and Kelvin are the current units - Kelvin is the SI Unit

and does not have a degree sign - Florentine thermometers were used before Daniel Fahrenheit; they were made up of jars at the bottom containing air and alcohol, and as the temperature went up, the liquid expanded and climbed up the glass tube - These glass tubes were difficult to make back in the day,l and the thinner the tube, the more motion one saw with the liquid - People usually marked these up on their own as there was no one unit - Daniel Fahrenheit was supposed to study apprenticeship from the State after his parents died of mushroom poisoning, but he became fascinated with thermometers and ran away - Because he ran away, he was a fugitive from the law, and traveled to many cities where he saw the elite carrying pocket watches - he based his first scale off of the zero to twelve scale - off of the clock - He found the coldest temperature to be a mixture of salt and ice, which he labeled as zero, the freezing point of water to be four, and the temperature of the human body to be twelve - This scale didn't work out, so he multiplied everything by eight, which leaves us with the very familiar zero, thirty-two, and ninety-six (now ninety eight point six) - He found the boiling point of water to be 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and made this his highest temperature (by now he was using mercury thermometers, and was able to find the boiling point of water as the boiling point of mercury could be measured as well) - His scale was based on 180 degrees, the difference between the boiling and freezing point of water, and also the number of degrees in a semicircle - A Swedish physicist named Andes Celsius disliked the 180 degree scale invented by Daniel Fahrenheit, and made up his own by taking the boiling and freezing points of water, and making them differ by 100 degrees - Celsius figured out the the boiling point of water is dependent upon pressure - He made his boiling point 0, and the freezing point 100 - his scale was backwards - This was confusing to many, and a year after his death, the scale was changed back, and the boiling point was 100 and the freezing point was zero - All of this happened mid-eighteenth c. - 110 years after Celsius, William Thompson, a.k.a. Lord Kelvin, made up his own scale, yet kept the exact degree intervals as Celsius's scale (this is why the Kelvin scale [K] has no degree sign, because he did not invent a new scale)

- Kelvin kept the one-hundred degree interval, but took it into his own hands to acknowledge the negative degrees below water's freezing point - Kelvin measured pressure (the force of a molecule colliding with something) and temperature; he discovered that as temperature decreased, so did the pressure - as temperature goes down, motion slows down, and the amount of collisions decrease (i.e. pressure decreases) - From these findings (the finding of a linear relationship between temperature and pressure), he deduced that the coldest temperature occurs when there is no more pressure - he labeled this is -273 degrees Celsius - In the Kelvin scale, the -273 degrees Celsius was made the zero point, and this is why it is now called absolute zero (the point at which all motion stops) - We multiply by one point eight/one over one point eight because we switch between a 100 degree scale and a 180 degree scale - We add/subtract 32 because Celsius's zero is equal to Fahrenheit's thirtytwo 1. The oldest unit temperature is Fahrenheit. Kelvin and Celsius are more commonly used today except in the United States. The first thermometer was the Florentine Thermometer that measured how much alcohol would expand into a thin tube as the temperature rose. These thermometers lacked units. When units were to be devised, it was decided that fixed points were needed to keep things consistent and agreeable. It was determined that an ice salt mixture was equal to 0 degrees Fahrenheit, waters freezing point was 4 degrees Fahrenheit, and the bodys temperature was 12 degrees Fahrenheit. Daniel Fahrenheit was basing his system off a one to twelve system, as time was based on this system. Watches and time were growing in popularity at the time. He multiplied each of his measurements by eight, giving the salt and ice mixture to still be 0 degrees Fahrenheit, waters freezing point at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and the bodys temperature 96 degrees Fahrenheit. At the same time this scale was created, the mercury thermometer, which used mercury rather than alcohol, was created to measure temperature. It is believed that the reason he used the number eight to multiply by was because he was thinking of the scale being used on a straight line, a simple gauge. 24 years after the creation of Fahrenheit (1738), the Celsius scale was created with 100 degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water. 100 degrees Celsius were used for the freezing point of water and 0 degrees Celsius was used for the boiling point. This was later switched after his death to make things even simpler. Lord Kelvin created the Kelvin scale to get rid of all the negatives of the Celsius scale. He put his zero (Absolute Zero) as the coldest temperature (which is equal to -273 degrees

Celsius). He also kept the same calibration as the Celsius (0 to 100). The conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius 1 over 1.8 times the degrees Fahrenheit minus 32. The conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit is 1.8 times the degrees Celsius plus 32. The conversion from Celsius to Kelvin is the degrees Celsius plus 273. 2. Fahrenheit - oldest unit of temp. Celsius - more commonly used unit (along with Kelvin) Kelvin - SI unit for temperature Degree - the unit derived from the space between two calibrations 3. Because the rest of the world uses the Celsius scale, it's important to know how to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius if you are travelling outside of the United States. Also, in the scientific world, Kelvin is more dominantly used over Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Summary: Fahrenheit temperature scale = oldest. Celsius and Kelvin scales predominantly used today. Daniel Fahrenheit was the first person in the 1700s to make a pair of thermometers that read the same temperature. Florentine thermometer used before Fahrenheits model. Isaac Newton first thought that scales of temperature should be measured upon fixed points. Fahrenheit measured the coldest possible temperature to be a salt in an ice mixture (equal ratio of salt to ice), which was lower than the freezing point of water. 4F was measured to be the freezing point of water. 12F was measured to be the body temperature. Fahrenheit based his system on a 1/12 watch. There were 4 intervals between the lowest possible temperature and the freezing point of water. 12 intervals were located between the lowest possible temperature and the body temperature. Fahrenheit later removed the 12-interval system, and multiplied everything by 8. Fahrenheit used alcohol thermometers in his calculations. Fahrenheit then switched to mercury thermometers, since you could measure the boiling point of mercury (Hg). Boiling point of water was measured to be 212F. Fahrenheits improved scale (the modern one) tried to be based on an 180 scale. Andes Celsius created the Celsius scale.

 Celsius used the concept of fixed points to create his scale. Celsius scale = centigrade scale, due to the 100 difference between boiling point and freezing point. Boiling point and freezing point depended on pressure. Celsius originally called his boiling point 0 and his freezing point 100. The boiling point and freezing point temperatures were flipped around after Celsiuss death (100 was now the boiling point, 0 was now the freezing point). Lord Kelvin/William Thompson created the Kelvin scale. Kelvin kept the 100 concept between freezing point and boiling point. Kelvin didnt like the negative numbers below the freezing point, so he decided to keep all the numbers positive. Kelvin measured pressure and temperature. As temperature decreased, the pressure decreased. If temperature slows down, motion slows down. Kelvin measured the coldest possible temperature to be -273C or 0K (absolute zero). Vocab: Florentine thermometer: a jar filled with alcohol and air connected by a tube with a liquid level. As the temperature increased, the alcohol expanded, causing the alcohol to travel further up the thermometer model. Pressure: the force of a molecule colliding with something, calculated by force area (force/area). Absolute zero: the temperature at which all molecules slow down and stop moving. Real-world example: The Fahrenheit scale is used in the U.S. today. The Celsius scale is used in most parts of the world. The Kelvin scale is used in scientific experiments where a negative number shouldnt be calculated (since Kelvin didnt like to use negative numbers).

This video gave an overview of the three most common forms of measurement for temperature, Celsius, Farenheit, and the SI unit, Kelvin, which does not have a degree unit because it was derived directly from Celsius. Farenheit is the oldest, mid 1700s, but before Farenheit people used florentine thermometers, that are made of glass, filled with alcohol and air, and when the temperature goes up, the alcohol expands, raising the level. People used to put units on their own because there was no standard unit, but Daniel Farenheit created one based on time. The coldest temperature he could find was from a mixture of salt and ice, which he marked as 0, followed by the temperature water freezes at, at 4, and the human body temperature at 12. It was based around 12 because watches and clocks were growing so popular at the time. He then multiplied the scale by 8, leaving the bottom number as zero, the temperature of water freezing at 32, and the human body at 96, though we now know it is closer to 98.6. Later, with the ability to use mercury thermometers, he dicovered the boiling point of water to be 212, 180 degrees away from the freezing point, same degrees as a semi-circle. Years later, Andes Celsius modified this scale and made his own so that there were 100 in between the freezing and boiling point. The important discovery he made was that the boiling point of water is dependent on pressure. When he made his scale, he made it backwards so that boiling was at 0 and 100 was the freezing point. After his death, it was swapped back so that it made more sense to everyone else. Over a hundred years later, Lord Kelvin redesigned the Celsius scale so that there would be no negative numbers. He worked with pressure and discovered that the less pressure, the colder the temperature, so he took what he found to be the temperature at zero pressure and made it 0 Kelvin, or absolute zero, which is the equivalent of -237 Celsius, which is how we derive the formula for Kelvin to be Celsius + 237. Vocab: Farenheit: First measurement, based on clocks at first Florentine Thermometer: Oldest thermometer with no measurements Celsius: Scale based on 100 degress between boiling and freezing point of water Kelvin: Based on Celsius, but without negatives. In America we mainly use Farenheit, but in the rest of the world Celsius and Kelvin are most commonly used, Kelvin being mainly used in science.