1
Launch Lab Do all objects fall at the same rate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mathematics and Physics . . . . . . . 3 Mini Lab Measuring Change . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Graphing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Physics Lab Exploring Objects in Motion . . . 20
Chapter
4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Launch Lab Which force is stronger? . . . . . . . 87 Force and Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Using Newtons Laws . . . . . . . . . 96 Interaction Forces . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Mini Lab Tug-of-War Challenge . . . . . . . . 103 Physics Lab Forces in an Elevator . . . . . . . . 108
A Physics Toolkit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 1.1
Mechanics
Chapter
5
Launch Lab Can 2 N 2 N 2 N? . . . . . . . 119 Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Force and Motion in Two Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . 131 Mini Lab Whats Your Angle? . . . . . . . . . . 135 Physics Lab The Coefficient of Friction . . . . 136
Chapter
2
. . . . . . . . 30 Launch Lab Which car is faster? . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Picturing Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Where and When? . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Position-Time Graphs . . . . . . . . . 38 How Fast? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Mini Lab Instantaneous Velocity Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Physics Lab Creating Motion Diagrams . . . . . 48
Representing Motion
Section 2.1 Section 2.2 Section 2.3 Section 2.4
Chapter Chapter
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Launch Lab How can the motion of a projectile be described? . . . . . . 147 Projectile Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Mini Lab Over the Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Circular Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Relative Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Physics Lab On Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
3
Launch Lab Do all types of motion look the same when graphed? . . . . . . 57 Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Mini Lab A Steel Ball Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Motion with Constant Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Free Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Physics Lab Acceleration Due to Gravity . . . .76
Accelerated Motion . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Section 3.1
vii
Chapter
7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Launch Lab Can you model Mercurys motion? . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Planetary Motion and Gravitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Using the Law of Universal Gravitation . . . . . . . . . 179 Mini Lab Weightless Water . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Physics Lab Modeling the Orbits of Planets and Satellites . . . . . . . . 186
Chapter
10
Gravitation
Section 7.1 Section 7.2
Chapter
8
Launch Lab How do different objects rotate as they roll? . . . . . . . . . . 197 Describing Rotational Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Rotational Dynamics . . . . . . . . . 201 Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Mini Lab Spinning Tops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Physics Lab Translational and Rotational Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Chapter
11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Launch Lab How can you analyze a bouncing basketball? . . . . . . 285 Section 11.1 The Many Forms of Energy . . . 285 Section 11.2 Conservation of Energy . . . . . . 293 Mini Lab Energy Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Physics Lab Conservation of Energy . . . . . . 302
States of Matter
Chapter
9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Launch Lab What happens when a hollow plastic ball strikes a bocce ball? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Impulse and Momentum . . . . . 229 Conservation of Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Mini Lab Rebound Height . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Physics Lab Sticky Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Chapter
12
Thermal Energy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Launch Lab What happens when you provide thermal energy by holding a glass of water? . . 313 Section 12.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Section 12.2 Changes of State and the Laws of Thermodynamics . . . . 323 Mini Lab Melting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Physics Lab Heating and Cooling . . . . . . . . . 332
viii
Chapter
13
Launch Lab Does it float or sink? . . . . . . . . 341 Properties of Fluids . . . . . . . . . . 341 Mini Lab Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Forces Within Liquids . . . . . . . . 349 Fluids at Rest and in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Physics Lab Evaporative Cooling . . . . . . . . . 364
Chapter
16
Chapter
Waves and Light
17
Chapter
14
. . . . . . 374 Launch Lab How do waves behave in a coiled spring? . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Section 14.1 Periodic Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Section 14.2 Wave Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Section 14.3 Wave Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Mini Lab Wave Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Physics Lab Pendulum Vibrations . . . . . . . . . 392
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 Launch Lab How is an image shown on a screen? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Section 17.1 Reflection from Plane Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Mini Lab Virtual Image Position . . . . . . . . 462 Section 17.2 Curved Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Physics Lab Concave Mirror Images . . . . . . 474
Chapter
18
Chapter
15
Sound
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Launch Lab How can glasses produce musical notes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Section 15.1 Properties and Detection of Sound . . . . . . . . . . 403 Section 15.2 The Physics of Music . . . . . . . . 411 Mini Lab Sounds Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Physics Lab Speed of Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
ix
Chapter
19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Chapter
22
Launch Lab Why does a compact disc reflect a rainbow of light? . . . . 515 Section 19.1 Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Section 19.2 Diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Mini Lab Retinal Projection Screen . . . . . 531 Physics Lab Double-Slit Interference of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Chapter
Electricity and Magnetism
23
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Chapter
20
Launch Lab How do fuses protect electric circuits? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Section 23.1 Simple Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Mini Lab Parallel Resistance . . . . . . . . . . 623 Section 23.2 Applications of Circuits . . . . . . 627 Physics Lab Series and Parallel Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Chapter
24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
Magnetic Fields
Chapter
21
Electric Fields
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Launch Lab How do charged objects interact at a distance? . . . . . . . 563 Section 21.1 Creating and Measuring Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 Section 21.2 Applications of Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Mini Lab Electric Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 Physics Lab Charging of Capacitors . . . . . . 580
Launch Lab In which direction do magnetic fields act? . . . . . . . . . 643 Section 24.1 Magnets: Permanent and Temporary . . . . 643 Mini Lab 3-D Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . 650 Section 24.2 Forces Caused by Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . 652 Physics Lab Creating an Electromagnet . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Chapter
25
Chapter
28
The Atom
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 Launch Lab How can identifying different spinning coins model types of atoms? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 Section 28.1 The Bohr Model of the Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 Mini Lab Bright-Line Spectra . . . . . . . . . . 755 Section 28.2 The Quantum Model of the Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 Physics Lab Finding the Size of an Atom . . 766
Chapter
26
Chapter
29
Electromagnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Launch Lab From where do radio stations broadcast? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 Section 26.1 Interactions of Electric and Magnetic Fields and Matter . . 697 Mini Lab Modeling a Mass Spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 Section 26.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 Physics Lab Electromagnetic Wave Shielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714
Chapter
30
Modern Physics
Chapter
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 Launch Lab How can you model the nucleus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 Section 30.1 The Nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 Section 30.2 Nuclear Decay and Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 Mini Lab Modeling Radioactive Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 Section 30.3 The Building Blocks of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 Physics Lab Exploring Radiation . . . . . . . . . . 824
Nuclear Physics
xi