Presented by : Abhishek Gupta & Vikas Dubey

Introduction

Application
Category of Diaphragm Wall Construction Procedure

 Diaphragm Wall is generally reinforced concrete wall

constructed in the ground using Under slurry technique which was developed in Europe.
The technique involves excavating a narrow trench

that is kept full of an engineered fluid of slurry.

Walls of thickness between 300 and 1200 mm can be

formed in this way up to a depths of 45 meters.

 Commonly used in congested areas. Can be Installed in close proximity to existing

structure.
Practically suited for deep basements. Used in conjunction with Top Down construction

technique.

 Very unstable soil profiles below the water table. Limited construction time

Where deeper than normal cantilever support may be

required.

 Can be Installed to considerable depth. Formation of walls with substantial thickness. Flexible system in plan layout Easily incorporated into Permanent works. Designable to carry vertical loads. Construction time of Basement can be lowered

considerably. Economic and Positive solution for large deep basement in saturated and unstable soil profiles. Can be used for seepage control in Dams. Noise levels limited to engine noise only. No vibration during installation.

 Not economical for small, shallow Basements.

Diaphragm Wall construction begins with the trench being excavated in discontinuous sections or panels. Stop-ends are placed vertically at each end of primary panel to form joints for adjacent secondary panel or closing panels. Panels are usually 4 to 6 meters long. Stop-ends are used to form the joints between adjacent panels and a water bar can be incorporated across these joints.

Excavation of panel

 Stage-1: Fixing of Alignment

Stage-2: Guide wall Construction

Stage-3: Trenching Stage-4: Trench Cleaning

Stage-5: Stop ends fixing

Stage-6: Reinforcement Cage lowering Stage-7: Placing of Concrete

Stage-8: Withdrawal of Stop ends

Guide wall is Constructed to fix the alignment of Diaphragm Wall in the field

 Hydraulic Grab
Kelly mounted or cable hung cam buckets

 Trenching usually carried out under Poly mud slurry.

Poly mud Slurry - Key component. This Slurry acts as shoring to prevent collapse by

hydraulic pressure and thyrotrophic property.

 Used as a support fluid

Poly Mud is a highly concentrated dry synthetic

polymer designed specifically for chemical interactions with diverse types of soil profiles. The uniqueness of Poly Mud's molecular structure allows the polymer to be completely soluble in water, while remaining readily available for the primary function of active chemical bonding and stabilization of soil particles.

 In case of granular soils, the Poly Mud suspension

penetrates into the sides under positive pressure and after a while forms a jelly. The Poly Mud suspension gets deposited on the sides of the hole resulting in the formation of a filter cake in contact with soil against which the fluid pressure acts. In case of impervious clay, the Poly Mud does not penetrate into the soil, but deposits only a thin film on the surface of the hole.

Parameter
Viscosity (seconds) Density (kg/m3) Sand Content (%) pH

Fresh Mix
65-140 1.00-1.04 11-12

Reused slurry
65-140 < 1.08 < 2% 11-12

Before Concrete

Pour
50-140 < 1.04 < 2% 9-12

 Joints of adjacent panels to be cleaned to obtain

watertight bond.
Loose materials to be lifted by suitable air lifting

method.

 Stop ends to be fixed at the proper position keeping it

truly vertical.
Distance between two Stop ends to be fixed as per

prefixed Panel Layout.

Excavation of panel is followed by placing of steel reinforcement cage in center of the panel.

 Placing of concrete having slump 200/250 mm by tremmie

method. Concrete to be placed through a top metal hopper and into a rigid leak proof tremmie pipe (2 sets), sufficiently large enough to permit free flow of concrete. Initially there should be a suitable plug at the bottom of metal hopper, which will not discharge concrete until sufficient concrete accumulate in the metal hopper. Concrete displaces the slurry from bottom and rises in such a manner that mixing of concrete with slurry does not occurs.

 During the concreting tremie pipe will be kept

immersed below the surface of the fresh concrete at all times. Except at the beginning, the immersion depth inside the concrete will be not less than 1.5 m. The concrete level will be measured at regular intervals after evacuating each transit mixer by measuring tape with sounding chain so that the actual volume of concrete placed can be compared with theoretical panel volume. Concrete will be poured continuously till the panel is filled up above the theoretical cut-off level.

 Withdrawal of Stop ends just after the Initial setting of

concrete. If retarders are not added, Stop End Pipes shall be moved up & down not later than 45 minutes from the time of placing of concrete.

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