Addendum 1 -by Brent Brooks Punishments included a variety of techniques that overseers saw as effective.

If the whip did not suffice, overseers commonly would smoke their slaves. This meant the slaves were placed in a smokehouse where conditions would be very hot and uncomfortable. The smoke would make it hard for the slave to breathe and would be tied up in the smokehouse for a long period of time. Slaves were branded just like cattle. This was done as punishment as well as to mark the slave as the property of a particular plantation. Slaves were also placed into barrels that had nails pounded into it and then pushed down a steep hill causing the nails to stab the slave with every rotation of the barrel (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASpunishments.htm) .Slaves were often bound by chains to the ground. They would be put in shackles to preventing escape. Sometimes slaves were forced to walk on nineteenth century treadmills and whipped to increase their pace. Many kinds of contraptions were placed on slaves as punishment. A collar with iron rods sticking out from it was placed around a slave's neck. At the end of the rods were bells. This contraption caused a huge amount of discomfort to work due to its weight and made it impossible for a person to lay down to sleep (http://cghs.dadeschools.net/slavery/antebellum_slavery/punishment.htm). Addendum 2 Turning points in history book 2- the impact and limitations of colomialim Chaper2 :development of a colonial slave society by wayne Doolingn between 1720 and 1790 slaves numbers increased from 2500 to 14500. At the time of the final ending of slavery in 1838 the slave population stood at around 38000. European settlers of the South Western Cape owned fewer than ten slaves. from the very first day when a slave was acquired by a settler and given a new name , slaces and owners struggled to see how much each could impose their will on the other. Addendum 3

South Africa 5th edition by A. Keppel-Jones in 1691 the white colonists numbered about 1000 and their slaves 386 other evidence suggerst that a farmer had no rooted objection to manual labout in his own concerns but regarded labour of any knid in another mans employment as characteristic of the slaves. Addendum 4 R. E van der Ross Up from slavery the Far East (Indonesia ,Java ,Bali) would fetch higher prices than those from Mozambique because those from the East were believed to be more skilled, or to be able to learn the required skills more readily. carrying messages or goods, cleaning ,driving wagons or carriages, or being attendant to their masters. would depend on the gender, age and condition of the slave ,on his or her suitability for the work required, and on the number of slaves available the time of purchase.( slaves whose masters had gone bankrupt, or had died, or simply wanted to make a profit on their investment having had years of service from the slaves. they would be cleaned, fed and brought into such conditions that they would fetch good prices