INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO We use the infinitive without to after: modal verbs ( can, could, may, might, should..

.) You should listen to the song attentively to grasp its meaning. certain verbs, such as let, make, hear and see. I saw him open the box and then I heard him laugh to himself. INFINITIVE WITH TO These verbs are followed by to infinitive: ask, beg, expect, mean (=intend), want, would like, would love, would hate and would prefer. You can say: Verb + to we expected to be on time. I would like to go now. VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE These verbs have the structure verb + object + to: enable, force, get(= persuade, arrange for), invite, persuade, remind, teach, tell, order, warn. They invited me to go to the concert. Remind me to pay the phone bill. GERUND The gerund is formed by adding the ending -ing to the verb: run _ running It is used after: some verbs: admit, avoid, confess, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, love, mention, mind, miss, practice, recommend, risk, stop, suggest. e.g. Many people enjoy doing the shopping in department stores. Verb + object + to We expected Jim to be on time. I would like you to go now.

prepositions or some expressions that end in a preposition: about, after, at before, by, in, of, on, for, good at, bad at, interested in e.g. Shes not good at playing football.

A) Fill in the gaps with the infinitive (with or without to).

Secure e-mail The Internet is not the safest place __________________ (be) sending mail. There are many ways of hackers __________________(cut) in and __________________(interfere) with them. Did you know that is possible for someone __________________ (read) and __________________(alter) your e-mail while it is being sent to someone else? Many people dont realize how risky it can be __________________(send) mail this way. Still even with all the risk e-mail messaging is growing in numbers. If you are helping contribute to this growing number of e-mails, then you want __________________(make) sure that you protect yourself. You can __________________ (do) this by using secure e-mail when you send out messages. This way you dont have __________________ (worry) about being embarrassed because someone altered the mail you sent. Take time __________________ (learn) as much about how secure mail protects you as possible. No one wants a hacker __________________ (get) control of their personal information. This would be things like your address or phone number. They could even __________________(find) out where you work and they could __________________(start) calling you at home or send you mail at your home address. This is so important for you __________________ (protect) your personal information.

B) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: gerund or infinitive.

1. She agreed __________________ (buy) a new chandelier.

2. I look forward to __________________ (see) you at the concert. 3. My parents wanted me __________________(be) home at 10 0 clock. 4. Are you thinking of __________________(spend) next weekend in the country? 5. Avoid __________________ (make) silly mistakes. 6. They go on __________________(listen) loud music. 7. Do you know what __________________ (do) if theres a fire in the office? 8. I enjoy __________________ (write) postcards. 9. Ive got some work __________________(do). 10. I meant __________________(say) four, but I said forty. 11. My sister likes __________________(bake) cakes. 12. Mike postponed __________________(do) the exam. 13. Do you intend __________________(eat) a cake for breakfast? 14. When we finish __________________(drink) our tea, well probably go shopping. 15. Are you planning __________________(go) to the meeting? 16. Mary expects __________________(pass) the exam tomorrow. 17. After the film, I hope __________________(get) some flour at the supermarket. 18. My friends and I intend __________________(go) out after dinner. 19. Yesterday Peter meant __________________(talk) to you, but he didnt have time. 20. I was warned __________________ (not tell) anyone about what I saw.

Answer key A) to be; to cut; interfere; to read; alter; to send; to make; do; to worry; to learn; to get; find; start; to protect. B) 1. to buy 2. seeing 3. to be 4. spending 5. making 6. listening 7. to do 8. writing 9. to do 10. to say

11. baking 12. doing 13. to eat 14. drinking 15. to go 16. to pass 17. to get 18. to go 19. to talk 20. not to tell C) 2. Remind me to pay the electricity bill. 3. I want to meet her. 4. I was warned not to trust strangers. 5. They invited me / us to came and stay with them for the weekend. 6. The robbers forced us to give them our mobile phones. 7. Our teacher allows us to use the dictionary in tests.