Exercicios PROII

Getting Started Workbook i
Contents
Estimating Component Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chiller Plant
Part 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Part 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Part 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Part 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Part 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Part 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Gas Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
MEK/Toluene Preheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Hydrocarbon-Water Phase Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Naphtha Assay
Part 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Part 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Part 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Phase Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Compressor Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Debutanizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Rigorous Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Two Stage Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Propylene Chlorination Reactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Appendix A - Keyword (.INP) Files - English UOM. . . . 69
Appendix B - Keyword (.INP) Files - Metric UOM. . . . . 81
Getting Started Workbook 1
Estimating Component Data
# TASK In this exercise, you will use PRO/II and DATAPREP to create a user-
defined component and predict its properties. To demonstrate the accu-
racy of the predictive methods, we will try to reproduce the properties of
acetone:
Retrieve the physical properties of acetone from PRO/II. Compare them
with those that result from estimating the component properties in the
procedures outlined below.
Part A Define acetone as a user-defined library component with a different
name. Given its molecular structure above, use the UNIFAC structure
and the fill option to generate all the component properties of acetone. In
the second run add NBP = 329.44 K and see how the component proper-
ties change.
Part B Supply the Joback structure and use the modified Joback methods within
DATAPREP to estimate all the component properties of acetone (under
a different name) with and without the NBP data.
SOLUTION -
Part A
Use the following steps to enter ACETONE2 as a user-defined compo-
nent.
Step 1 Create a User-Defined Component
Click the Component Selection button to open the Component Selec-
tion dialog box.
Click .
Name your component ACETONE2 and click .
Figure 1 shows the dialog box once you have entered the data.
O
H
3
C CH
3
C
User-defined...
Add ->
2 Estimating Component Data
Figure 1:
Component Selection
User-Defined Dialog
Box
Return to the flowsheet by clicking .
Step 2 Define the Component Properties
Click the Component Properties button.
Click , highlight ACETONE2 as the component
to be filled and click . Click .
Click and add the appropriate data.
ACETONE2 is comprised of two parts:
I a Ketone, Group 1300
I a Paraffin, Group 0900
Figure 2 shows the completed Define UNIFAC Structure dialog box.
Figure 2:
Define UNIFAC
Structure Dialog Box
OK
Fill from Structure...
Move -> OK
UNIFAC Structures...
Step 3 Build the Flowsheet
Place a VALVE on the flowsheet and add two streams, one feed
stream and one product stream.
Step 4 Select a Thermodynamic Method
Click on the red-bordered Thermodynamic Data button on the tool-
bar.
Select the Most Commonly Used Category, and then select Soave-
Redlich-Kwong as the Primary Method.
Click to add your selection to the Defined Systems box.
Step 5 Enter Stream Data
Double-click on the feed stream.
Enter the thermal condition.
Enter a flowrate and the composition, which should be 100 mol %
ACETONE2.
Step 6 Run the Simulation and View the Results
Run the simulation by clicking the Run button on the toolbar. Each
unit should turn green and then blue in sequence indicating that it
has solved.
To view your results, click the Generate Report button.
Run the simulation again to see how adding in some known data affects
the predicted properties. Rename the simulation so as not to overwrite
the previous output file.
Step 7 Change the Normal Boiling Point
Click the Component Properties button.
Click and enter 329.44 K as the NBP.
Run the simulation as before.
Table 1 compares some of the predicted properties.
Add ->
Fixed...
4 Estimating Component Data
SOLUTION -
Part B
In this approach, you use DATAPREP to estimate the component prop-
erties. With DATAPREP, you can choose either UNIFAC or Joback
structures.
Launch DATAPREP.
Press <7> for Property Prediction and <1> for Automatic Property
Generation.
Type ACETONE3 and define it as a SCRATCH component so that
it resides in memory and is not added into a database.
Select the type of structure: <1> UNIFAC, <2> Joback.
Move the cursor up and down and enter the number of occurrences
of each function group next to the appropriate identification number.
G UNIFAC: one 900 group and one 1300 group
G Joback: two -CH3 groups and one >C=O (non-ring) group
When finished, return to the main menu and use the File Utilities and
Process Simulation options to write the data to a PRO/II keyword
input format.
Again, you can enter specific data, such as the NBP, to increase the
accuracy of the prediction. Table 2 compares the properties predicted
with DATAPREP against published data.
Table 1: Comparison of Properties Predicted with PRO/II and Published Data
Property UNIFAC UNIFAC with NBP
Data
Published Data
Molecular Weight 58.080 58.080 58.081
Specific Gravity 0.7099 0.7001 0.79543
Normal Boiling Point (K) 321.91 329.44 329.44
Critical Temperature (K) 500.25 511.95 508.15
Critical Pressure (kPa) 4802.5 4802.5 4701.5
Acentric Factor 0.2825 0.28253 0.32869
Table 2: Comparison of Properties Predicted with DATAPREP and Published Data
Property UNIFAC UNIFAC with NBP
Data
Published Data
Molecular Weight 58.080 58.080 58.081
Specific Gravity 0.75338 0.70175 0.79543
Normal Boiling Point (K) 321.910 329.44 329.44
Critical Temperature (K) 500.248 511.95 508.15
Critical Pressure (kPa) 4802.500 4802.5 4701.5
Acentric Factor 0.282526 0.28253 0.32869
Figure 3 shows the keyword input file lines generated by DATAPREP
for the Joback prediction without NBP data.
Figure 3:
Keyword File for the
Joback Prediction
$ PRO/II physical property insert for:
$ Name: ACETONE3
$ Formula: C3H6O
$
$COMPONENT DATA
NONLIBRARY 2, ACETONE3
$
$ Thermo methods available for use:
$ Data are missing to determine phase
$
PHASE NONE = 2
$ STRUCTURE 2,
MW 2, 0.5808004E+02
SPGR 2, 0.7533822E+00
VC(M3/KG,MOLE) 2, 0.2095000E+00
ZC 2, 0.2419194E+00
ACENTRIC 2, 0.2825258E+00
NBP(K) 2, 0.3219100E+03
TC(K) 2, 0.5002482E+03
PC(PA) 2, 0.4802500E+07
FORMATION(V,J/KG,MOLE) 2, -.2178300E+09, -.1545400E+09
NMP(K) 2, 0.1730000E+03
HFUS(J/KG,MOLE) 2, 0.5123140E+07
RACKETT 2, 0.2657684E+00
SOLP 2, 0.9211874E+01
MOLV(M3/KG,MOLE) 2, 0.7716949E-01
SVTB 2, 0.0000000E+00
SLTB 2, 0.0000000E+00
SLTM 2, 0.0000000E+00
HVTB 2, 0.0000000E+00
HLTB 2, 0.0000000E+00
HLTM 2, 0.0000000E+00
6 Chiller Plant - Part 1
Chiller Plant - Part 1
# TASK Through guided practice, you will build a simulation of the process
shown below. This is part of a chiller plant typical in natural gas process-
ing. In subsequent parts of this example, you will add other sections of
the plant to this simulation. Use the Peng-Robinson thermodynamic
method.
Figure 4:
Schematic of Chiller
Plant - Part 1
The process and equipment data are given in Table 3 and 4.
Compressor
C-1
HX-1
Cooler
D-2
Knockout
Drum
P-1
Pump
D-1
Scrubber
Inlet
Gas
2 4 5
6
7
3 17
Table 3: Feed Stream Data
Component Mole % Component Mole %
Nitrogen 1.0 i-Butane 1.25
Carbon dioxide 1.6 n-Butane 3.0
Methane 72.5 i-Pentane 0.55
Ethane 11.5 n-Pentane 1.10
Propane 6.75 C6PLUS (PETRO Component) 0.75
Total Flowrate 4 X 10
7
standard vap ft
3
/day 1.0X 10
6
normal vap m
3
/day
Temperature 120F 50C
Pressure 205 psig 1520 kPa
C6PLUS Properties NBP 210F 99C
API Gravity 73 Specific Gravity 0.6919
SOLUTION
Step 1 Create a New Simulation
Select New... from the File menu.
Note that several buttons on the toolbar, including the Run button have
red borders. When you have satisfied PRO/II's input requirements all red
borders will disappear.
Step 2 Build the Process Flow Diagram
If the PFD palette is not already visible, click the PFD Palette button on
the toolbar to bring it up. Click on the appropriate unit icons on the PFD
palette to draw the PFD. To select and position a unit, just click on its
icon.
A pointer with a box and flash drum attached appears. Move this to the
main window and click again when the unit is in position.
In this manner, select and position the units as shown in the diagram
using these PFD buttons:
Click on the red-bordered on the PFD palette.
Note that the pointer now has an S attached to it. All available exit ports
appear on each unit once you select . Required exit ports are
red and optional exit ports are green.
Table 4: Equipment Data and Operating Conditions
Unit Description Data
D-1 Scrubber Temperature
Pressure
85F
203 psig
30C
1500 kPa
C-1 Compressor Outlet Pressure
Adiabatic Efficiency
600 psig
72%
4250 kPa
72%
HX-1 Cooler Hotside: Process Stream
Outlet Temperature
Pressure Drop
Coldside: Utility Air
Inlet Temperature
Outlet Temperature

110F
5 psi

80F
100F

45C
35 kPa

27C
38C
D-2 Knockout drum Flash drum with no change of pressure and no duty
P-1 Pump Outlet Pressure
Efficiency
550 psig
65%
3900 kPa
65%
Streams
Streams
Draw the streams on the flowsheet to connect the units.
After your first click, only the available feed ports are shown in red or
green.
Double-click on each stream and unit and change its name to that
shown on the diagram above. Do not change any other data in the
dialog box.
Click to exit the dialog box. Note that spaces are not allowed in
unit or stream names.
The completed PFD should now look like Figure 5 below.
Figure 5:
Chiller Plant PFD in
PRO/II
After you finish building the flowsheet, the labels of all the internal
streams are black and the available ports of all the units are green. At this
point, all the unit labels have red borders and the border of the feed
stream label is also red because you must still add data. Note that the
border of is black, indicating that you have entered all neces-
sary data for this function. To exit the stream connection mode, right-
click, or click on so that it turns gray, indicating that the mode
is no longer active.
Before continuing, save the simulation as CHILL1.PRZ.
Step 3 Modify the Input Units of Measure
Click on the green-bordered Units of Measure (UOM) button on the
toolbar to verify the units of measure used in this simulation.
,
Note: Although not critical in this example, it is good practice to con-
nect the FLASH DRUM hydrocarbon liquid product to the side
port and to reserve the bottom port for a decanted water or sec-
ond liquid product.
OK
Streams
Streams
For this example you will use either modified SI units or modified
English units. Click and select ENGLISH-
SET1 or SI-SET1 from the drop-down list.
Check each item that it matches the input data given in the tables
above.
Make any necessary changes and click .
Notice that the border of the UOM button is now blue indicating that you
have modified the data.
Step 4 Define the Components
Click on the red-bordered Component Selection button on the tool-
bar.
Click .
Select the Hydrocarbon Lightends Component Family and select
components from the list displayed. Select a single component or a
group of components (using the shift or control keys) and then click
to add them to the component list below.
Add the components in the order presented in Table 3.
Figure 6:
Component Selection
When finished click to return to the Component Selection dia-
log box.
Click to enter data for the petroleum component
C6PLUS.
Enter its name, NBP and gravity data, and click .
Note that and List of Selected Components box now have
blue borders.
Initialize from Library....
OK
Select from Lists...
Add Components
OK
Petroleum...
OK
Petroleum...
Click to exit the dialog box.
Step 5 Select the Thermodynamic Method
Click on the red-bordered Thermodynamic Data button on the tool-
bar.
Select the Most Commonly Used Category, and then select Peng-
Robinson as the Primary Method.
Double-click on Peng-Robinson, or click to add your
method selection to the Defined Systems box.
To specify the transport property methods, click and then
.
Check the Compute Transport Properties box and select Petroleum
Correlations from the Transport System drop-down list, as shown in
Figure 7.
Figure 7:
Transport Properties
Click in each of the three dialog boxes to save the entered data.
Step 6 Define the External Feed Stream
Double-click on the feed stream INLET_GAS. Make sure that the
stream type is Composition Defined.
Enter the stream's thermal condition:
G Select Temperature as the first specification and enter value.
G Select Pressure as the second specification and enter value.
Click .
Select Total Fluid Flowrate and enter value.
You will need to locally override the flowrate dimensional units. To do
so, with the cursor in the fluid flowrate field, click at the top of
OK
Add ->
Modify...
Transport Properties...
OK
Flowrate and Composition...
UOM
the dialog box and change the basis to vapor volume and the units to ft
3
or m
3
and day. Click to return to the dialog box.
Enter the individual component mole percentages into the compo-
nent grid. You can move down the list using the <Tab> key. After
entering the composition data, check that the total equals 100.
Click to exit each dialog box and return to the PFD.
You do not need to enter data for any streams other than the INLET_GAS
(the external feed stream to the process) because PRO/II calculates the
others for you, based on your process conditions.
Step 7 Enter Operating Conditions for Each Unit Operation
Double-click on each unit in turn and enter the required data includ-
ing the unit identifier.
Enter data for flash drum D-1. The First Specification is Pressure
and the Second Specification is Temperature.
Enter data for flash drum D-2. The First Specification is Pressure
Drop and the Second Specification is Duty. The duty of an adiabatic
flash is zero.
Enter data for heat exchanger HX-1.
Click to set the heat exchanger specification.
Select Hot Product Temperature from the list and enter value.
Change Units
OK
,
Note: As you return to the PFD after each unit operation, its unit
identifier has changed from red (data missing) to black (data
satisfied).
,
Note: By default, the horizontal stream is the hot side and the vertical
stream is the cold side. Here this means that the utility stream
is the cold side. You could use this dialog box to change the
stream allocations if the reverse were true.
Specification...
Figure 8:
Heat Exchanger
Specifications
Return to the Heat Exchanger dialog box by clicking .
Click the cold side and enter the appropriate data.
Figure 9:
Cold Side Utility
Stream
Close the Heat Exchanger dialog boxes and return to the PFD.
Enter pressure and efficiency data for Pump P-1 and Compressor C-
1.
When you have entered all the data, there should not be any red on the
flowsheet. All stream and unit labels should have black borders. If any
of the unit or stream labels has a red border, click on it and check the
data. Save the simulation before continuing.
Run the simulation by clicking the Run button on the toolbar. Each
unit should turn green and then blue in sequence indicating that it
has solved.
To view your results, highlight PUMP P-1 and click the View Results
button.
OK
Utility Stream...
Step 9 Save and Close the Simulation
You will use this simulation as a basis for a later example.
Select Save on the File menu and save as CHILL1.PRZ.
Select Close on the File menu.
Figure 10:
Pump P-1 Results
English UOM
Pump 'P-1'
Feeds 3
Products 17
User Input Calculated
---------- ----------
Temperature, F 88.15
Pressure, PSIG 550.00 550.00
Pressure Rise, PSI 347.00
Work, HP 2.44
Head, FT 1293.94
Efficiency 65.00 65.00
Metric UOM
Pump 'P-1'
Feeds 3
Products 17
---------- ----------
Temperature, C 31.75
Pressure, KPA 3900.00 3900.00
Pressure Rise, KPA 2400.00
Work, KW 1.62
Head, M 395.50
Efficiency 65.00 65.00
# TASK Continue to build the chiller plant. Since you already entered the units of
measure, components, and feed stream data in Part 1 you won't need to
add these data again. Figure 11 shows the process schematic for this
part. The portion of the flowsheet that you entered in Part 1 is gray, and
the new units and streams you will now add are black.
Figure 11:
Schematic of
Chiller Plant -
Part 2
The new equipment data and operating conditions are provided below.
SOLUTION Use the previous example, CHILL1.PRZ as the basis for this example.
Select File/Save As... from the menu bar and save the example as
CHILL2.PRZ.
Step 1 Add to the Process Flow Diagram
Using Figure 11 as a guide, add units HX-2, HX-3, D-3, and V-1 to
the flowsheet.
Connect the vapor product stream from D-2 to HX-2.
Compressor
C-1
HX-1
Cooler
D-2
Knockout
Drum
P-1
Pump
D-1
Scrubber
Inlet
Gas
HX-2
Gas/Gas
Exchanger
HX-3
Propane
Chiller
D-3
Cold
Separator
V-1
Valve
2 4 5
6
7
4 17
12
8 9
10
11
13
Table 5: Equipment Data
HX-2 Gas to Gas
Exchanger
Hotside AP
Coldside APi
Approach Temp (Hot In - Cold Out)
5 psi
5 psi
10F
35 kPa
35 kPa
5C
HX-3 Chiller Hotside Outlet Temp
Hotside AP
Coldside refrigerant saturated liquid
propane at
-13F
5 psi

-22F
-25C
35 kPa

-30C
D-3 Cold Separator Adiabatic Separation
V-1 Valve Outlet Pressure 245 psig 1800 kPa
Add the remaining streams to the flowsheet. Enter the unit and
stream names. The PFD now looks like Figure 12.
Figure 12:
Chiller Plant in PRO/II
Step 2 Enter Operating Conditions for Each New Unit Operation
Enter data for the new units.
In the Heat Exchanger dialog box for HEAT EXCHANGER HX-3 (Chiller),
click and choose Refrigerant as the Utility Type.
Select Propane from the Component list and enter the saturation temper-
ature.
At this point there should not be any red borders on the flowsheet. All
stream and unit labels should have black borders. If any of the unit or
stream labels has a red border, double-click on it and check the data.
Run the simulation.
Highlight the cold separator overhead stream 10, click the View
Results button and look at the thermal recycle rate. As you can see,
the stream is all vapor.
Generate an output report by clicking the Generate Report button or
by choosing Generate Report from the Output menu.
Look at the HEAT EXCHANGER summary for HX-3. Find the flowrate of
the refrigerant. You will use this rate as an initial estimate in the Part 3 of
this exercise.
Please save this simulation as CHILL2.PRZ and you will use this simula-
tion in the Part 3 of this exercise.
Utility Stream...
,
Note: PRO/II's refrigerant utility, used in unit HX-3, considers only
latent heat effects, so the refrigerant inlet and outlet conditions
are a saturated liquid and a saturated vapor, respectively.
Figure 13:
Heat Exchanger HX-3
Results
English UOM
OPERATING CONDITIONS
DUTY, MM BTU/HR 6.534
LMTD, F 31.835
F FACTOR (FT) 1.000
MTD, F 31.835
U*A, BTU/HR-F 205245.904
HOT SIDE CONDITIONS INLET OUTLET
----------- -----------
FEED 8
MIXED PRODUCT 9
VAPOR, LB-MOL/HR 4102.011 3460.975
M LB/HR 88.249 66.131
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.580 0.631
LIQUID, LB-MOL/HR 250.147 891.183
M LB/HR 11.943 34.061
CP, BTU/LB-F 0.602 0.600
TOTAL, LB-MOL/HR 4352.158 4352.158
M LB/HR 100.192 100.192
CONDENSATION, LB-MOL/HR 641.035
TEMPERATURE, F 55.574 -13.000
PRESSURE, PSIG 590.000 585.000
COLD SIDE CONDITIONS INLET OUTLET
----------- -----------
REFRIGERANT, LB/HR 36843.185 36843.185
SATURATION PRESSURE, PSIG 9.620
SATURATION TEMPERATURE, F -22.000
Metric UOM
DUTY, M*KJ/HR 6.546
LMTD, C 17.864
F FACTOR (FT) 1.000
MTD, C 17.864
U*A, KW/K 101.787
HOT SIDE CONDITIONS INLET OUTLET
----------- -----------
FEED 8
MIXED PRODUCT 9
VAPOR, KG-MOL/HR 1737.399 1462.350
K*KG/HR 37.413 27.927
CP, KJ/KG-C 2.428 2.646
LIQUID, KG-MOL/HR 107.456 382.506
K*KG/HR 5.166 14.652
CP, KJ/KG-C 2.515 2.510
TOTAL, KG-MOL/HR 1844.856 1844.856
K*KG/HR 42.579 42.579
CONDENSATION, KG-MOL/HR 275.049
TEMPERATURE, C 13.748 -25.000
PRESSURE, KPA 4180.000 4145.000
COLD SIDE CONDITIONS INLET OUTLET
----------- -----------
REFRIGERANT, KG/HR 15868.730 15868.730
SATURATION PRESSURE, KPA 167.655
SATURATION TEMPERATURE, C -30.000
,
Note: The utility calculations for the heat exchanger are performed
during output generation and cannot be viewed by clicking the
View Results button.
# TASK Continue to build the chiller plant. Suppose that the refrigerant for the
chiller HX-3 consists of a mixture rather than pure propane. You want to
determine the flowrate of that mixture required to maintain a process
stream (hotside) outlet temperature of -15F (-26C). Instead of using the
HEAT EXCHANGER refrigerant utility in PRO/II, which is designed for use
with single components, you now must introduce a refrigerant stream,
with the correct composition, and use a CONTROLLER to determine the
refrigerant flowrate.
The diagram shows part of the process schematic. The portion of the
flowsheet that you entered previously is gray, and the new units and
streams you will now add are black.
Figure 14:
Plant - Part 3
The equipment and refrigerant stream data are shown in Table 6.
SOLUTION Use the previous example, CHILL2.PRZ, as the basis for this example and
save the example as CHILL3.PRZ.
Step 1 Change the Flowsheet Configuration
Add a controller unit to the flowsheet.
Compressor
C-1
HX-1
Cooler
D-2
Knockout
Drum
P-1
Pump
D-1
Scrubber
Inlet
Gas
HX-2
Gas/Gas
Exchanger
HX-3
Propane
Chiller
D-3
Cold
Separator
V-1
Valve
2 4 5
6
7
3 17
12
9
10
11
13
51
50
CN1
8
Table 6: Refrigerant Stream Data
Component Mole%
Ethane 2.5
Propane 97
i-Butane 0.5
Pressure 11.5 psig 180 kPa
Condition Bubble Point
Remove the utility stream on HEAT EXCHANGER HX-3 by double-
clicking on the unit and deactivating the check box for the utility
stream.
Add inlet and outlet streams to the cold side of HX-3. Name the inlet
stream 50 and the outlet stream 51.
Figure 15:
Chiller Plant PFD in
PRO/II
Step 2 Enter Stream Data
Enter the composition data and define the thermal conditions for
stream 50.
Even though the flowrate of this stream is going to be calculated by the
controller, you must enter a flowrate here. This not only satisfies the data
requirements of the dialog box but also serves as an initial estimate.
Use the propane refrigerant rate from the previous example as the
initial flowrate for this stream.
Step 3 Enter Unit Data
Change the specification for HEAT EXCHANGER HX-3 so that the
new refrigerant stream exits at its dew point. Select the Cold Product
Liquid Fraction specification and set the value to 0.00.
Double-click on the CONTROLLER. The Feedback Controller dialog
box appears.
You want to vary stream 50 flowrate so that the temperature of stream 9
is -15F (-26C).
In the Specification group:
Click on Parameter.
Choose the hotside outlet stream for HEAT EXCHANGER HX-3
(stream 9) as the stream to specify.
Click on Parameter in the Parameter dialog box.
Select Temperature and return to the Feedback Controller dialog
box.
Enter -15F (-26C) as the value of the hotside outlet temperature.
In the Variable group box:
Click on Parameter.
Choose stream 50 as the stream to vary. Click on Parameter and
choose Flowrate as the variable.
When complete, the Feedback Controller dialog box looks like Figure
16.
Figure 16:
Completed Feedback
Controller Dialog Box
Click to save the entries and return to the flowsheet.
Save the simulation before continuing.
Run the simulation.
Create a STREAM PROPERTY TABLE for stream 50 with the Stream
Summary list selected.
A portion of this table is shown below. Compare the quantity of refriger-
ant required to that obtained in the previous example. Why are the
results different?
OK
Figure 17:
Refrigerant Stream
Results
English UOM Metric UOM
# TASK Continue to build the chiller plant. Add a COLUMN and a COMPRESSOR.
Use MIXER units to combine the plant liquid streams into one product
and the plant vapor streams into another product.
Figure 18:
Plant -
Part 4
save the example as CHILL4.PRZ.
Step 1 Add to the Process Flow Diagram
Place a COMPRESSOR, two MIXERs and a COLUMN on the PFD. Con-
nect the streams as shown in Figure 18. Name the units and streams.
Compressor
C-1
HX-1
Cooler
D-2
Knockout
Drum
D-1
Scrubber
Inlet
Gas
HX-2
Gas/Gas
Exchanger
HX-3
Propane
Chiller
D-3
Cold
Separator
V-1
Valve
P-1
Pump
Pipeline
Gas
C-2
Compressor
T-1
Stabilizer
M-2
Mixer
M-1
Mixer
Natural Gas
Liquids (NGL)
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Table 7: Equipment Data
Stabilizer Column T-1
Actual Number of Trays 22
Overall Tray Efficiency 55%
Feed Location Tray 1
Top Tray Pressure 200 psig 1480 kPa
Column AP 2.5 psi 17 kPa
Bottom Product TVP 235 psig 1720 kPa
Compressor C-2
Outlet Pressure 600 psig 4240 kPa
Adiabatic Efficiency 73%
When you place the column, you will be asked to give the number of
theoretical trays and to state whether the column has a condenser and a
reboiler. Note that the Table 7 gives actual trays and tray efficiency.
From this you must calculate the number of theoretical trays in the body
of the column (22*55% = 12 stages). The kettle reboiler is simulated as a
theoretical stage and thus is stage 13. This column has no condenser.
When complete, the PFD should look similar to Figure 19.
Figure 19:
Complete Chiller Plant
in PRO/II
Step 2 Enter the Unit Data
The mixers require no data. Enter the COMPRESSOR data from the table.
Double-click on the COLUMN. Check that the Number of Trays is
correct and that the default selections for Algorithm and Calculated
Phases are appropriate to your simulation.
Click and enter the Top Tray Pressure and the
Pressure Drop for the entire Column.
Click to set the feed tray number. Check that
the default entry for the Phase of each Product is correct.
Estimate the rate of the overhead product. You can make a good guess
from the results of the previous run. You could also use the Define pro-
cedure, assuming that the overhead stream consists of all the Nitrogen
through Methane from the column feed (Figure 20).
Figure 20:
Overhead Flowrate
Definition
Pressure Profile...
Feeds and Products...
Click to check that Kettle (Conventional) has been
selected.
Click to select the Conventional initial estimate
method.
Click to enter the true vapor pressure
specification. Check the Add Specifications and Variables box. In
the Specifications grid, click on Parameter, choose the bottoms
stream, 15, and select Vapor Pressure and True from the lists.
Return to the Specifications and Variables dialog box and enter a
value of 235 psig (1720 kPa).
In the Variables grid, click on Parameter, choose Column and select
Heat Duty of the Reboiler from the lists. The completed dialog box
is shown in Figure 21.
Figure 21:
Bottoms True Vapor
Pressure
Specification
Click to return to the PFD.
Run the simulation.
Highlight the COLUMN and click the View Results button. Find the
reboiler duty required to meet the liquid product specification.
Select Output/Generate Plot... from the menu bar to plot an over-
view of the temperature and flowrates, as shown in Figure 22 below.
Reboiler...
Initial Estimates...
Performance Specifications...
OK
Figure 22:
Column
T-1 Profiles
# TASK Suppose that a nearby refinery has been shut down and some columns
are available at bargain prices. Your company is exploring a joint ven-
ture with the Royal Gas Company to build a fractionation plant as shown
in Figure 23 to process the liquids from your chiller plant and their plant.
Figure 23:
Light Ends
Fractionation Plant
You have been asked to provide a quick design for such a plant. To save
time, you want to perform a shortcut analysis. SHORTCUT COLUMNs are
unsupported in PROVISION. However, using keyword input files you
can run the problem in either Run Batch or Run-Only mode. Use the
keyword input file, CHILL5.INP, found in the TRAINING directory, to
determine the number of theoretical trays, feed locations, and approxi-
mate reflux ratios for the three distillation columns.
SOLUTION
Step 1 Import the Keyword Input File
Select Import... from the File menu. Import the keyword input file
CHILL5.INP from the TRAINING directory.
A message will appear indicating that unsupported features were found
in your keyword file. You can examine a list of these features by click-
ing .
Close the Flowsheet Status dialog box to continue.
T-2S
Deethanizer
T-3S
Depropanizer
T-4S
Debutanizer
V-2
60
Royal
Liquids
19 20
22
23
21
24
25
26
V-3 V-4
C2
C3
27
28
Gasoline
C4s
Yes
You will have been automatically placed into Run-Only mode. Run the
simulation and create an output file.
Read the results from the output (Figure 24). For example, for the deeth-
anizer column, the recommended number of theoretical trays is 24,
which is twice the calculated Fenske minimum trays. For a 24 tray col-
umn, the feed should be introduced at tray 13.
Figure 24:
Shortcut Column
Summaries
UNIT 2, 'T-2S', 'DEETHANIZER'
SUMMARY OF UNDERWOOD CALCULATIONS
MINIMUM REFLUX RATIO 2.08175
FEED CONDITION Q 1.40594
FENSKE MINIMUM TRAYS 12.14568
THEORETICAL TRAYS 2.00 * M-MINIMUM
TOTAL FEED R/R-MIN M/M-MIN REFLUX DUTY, MM BTU/HR
TRAYS TRAY RATIO CONDENSER REBOILER
----- ---- ------- ------- ------ ---------- ----------
18 9 1.975 1.500 4.111 -4.024E+00 1.022E+01
21 11 1.467 1.750 3.053 -2.989E+00 9.182E+00
24 13 1.284 2.000 2.673 -2.616E+00 8.810E+00
27 14 1.163 2.250 2.420 -2.369E+00 8.563E+00
30 16 1.077 2.500 2.243 -2.196E+00 8.389E+00
UNIT 4, 'T-3S', 'DEPROPANIZER'
----- ---- ------- ------- ------ ---------- ----------
17 8 1.950 1.500 4.487 -1.238E+01 1.084E+01
20 10 1.454 1.750 3.347 -9.810E+00 8.265E+00
23 11 1.277 2.000 2.939 -8.888E+00 7.343E+00
26 13 1.159 2.250 2.668 -8.277E+00 6.732E+00
29 14 1.075 2.500 2.475 -7.842E+00 6.297E+00
UNIT 6, 'T-4S', 'DEBUTANIZER'
----- ---- ------- ------- ------ ---------- ----------
19 10 2.185 1.500 2.688 -1.116E+01 9.679E+00
23 12 1.568 1.750 1.928 -8.861E+00 7.381E+00
26 14 1.344 2.000 1.653 -8.030E+00 6.550E+00
29 16 1.196 2.250 1.471 -7.479E+00 5.999E+00
32 17 1.094 2.500 1.346 -7.099E+00 5.618E+00
# TASK Use the shortcut results from Part 5 to set up a rigorous simulation of the
light ends fractionation plant shown in Figure 25. Begin with the flow-
sheet built in Part 4, or create a new flowsheet and provide the feed data
given below. Size each column for valve trays through the Tray Hydrau-
lics dialog box. Use the I/O distillation algorithm for the calculations and
choose Conventional as the initial estimate method. Vary the column
duties to meet the specifications given in Table 10.
Figure 25:
Light Ends
Fractionation Plant
T-2S
Deethanizer
T-3S
Depropanizer
T-4S
Debutanizer
V-2
60
Royal
Liquids
19 20
22
23
21
24
25
26
V-3 V-4
C2
C3
27
28
Gasoline
C4s
Component Royal Gas Liquids
Stream 60 (kg-mol/hr)
Royal Gas Liquids
Stream 60 (lb-mol/hr)
Nitrogen 0.0454 0.1
Carbon dioxide 0.8165 1.8
Methane 1.8144 4.0
Ethane 56.699 125.0
Propane 99.7902 220.0
i-Butane 35.3802 78.0
n-Butane 68.0388 150.0
i-Pentane 4.5359 10.0
n-Pentane 21.7724 48.0
C6PLUS (petro. comp.)
NBP =
Density =
13.6078
98.9 C
0.6919 sp gravity
30.0
210 F
73 API
Temperature 37.8 C 100 F
Pressure 4238 KPa 550 psig
save the example as CHILL6.PRZ. Build the flowsheet continually and
run the simulation.
Compare the duties and overhead product rates determined in this exer-
cise with those from the shortcut calculation done in Part 5. The over-
head rate estimates from the shortcut calculation were quite good, but
the duty estimates were more approximate.
Table 9: Column Data
T-2 T-3 T-4
Condenser Data
Type Partial Subcooled Subcooled
Pressure (psig) 410 240 100
Temperature (F) --- 110 110
Pressure Data
Top Tray Pressure (psig) 415 245 105
Column AP (psi) 5 5 5
Estimates from Shortcut Results
Theoretical Stages 24 23 26
Feed Location 13 11 14
Reflux ratio 2.673 2.940 1.653
Overhead product rate (lb-mol/hr) 271.7 414.1 390.7
Table 10: Column Specifications
Deethanizer T-2:
C3 in overhead product 2 mol %
C2/C3 mole ratio in bottom product 0.025
Depropanizer T-3:
C4s in overhead product 2 mol %
C3 in bottom product 2 mol %
Debutanizer T-4:
IC5 in overhead product 0.25 vol %
NC4 in bottom product 1 vol %
Table 11: Valve Operating Conditions
Unit Outlet Pressure (psig)
Valve V-2 425
Valve V-3 260
Valve V-4 130
Plot the liquid and vapor fractions of ethane and propane in column T-2
on a single plot. For column T-3, plot the separation factor of the light
and heavy components. For column T-4, plot the overview of the tem-
perature and flowrates.
Figure 26:
Mole Fractions of
Ethane and Propane
in Column T-2
Figure 27:
Separation Factor in
Column T-3
Figure 28:
Overall Temperature
and Flowrate Profiles
in Column T-4
Gas Cooling
# TASK Solve the flowsheet, shown in Figure 29, for all process conditions and
flowrates. Solve it first with a recycle loop and then break the loop using
a reference stream (Figure 30). Compare the calculation histories in both
runs. Determine the number of iterations it takes to run with the recycle
in place and how many it takes to run with the broken recycle.
Figure 29:
Gas Cooling
Flowsheet with
Recycle
Figure 30:
Gas Cooling
Flowsheet with
Broken Recycle
Component Mole Percent
Carbon Dioxide 1.39
Methane 85.92
Ethane 7.73
Propane 2.45
i-Butane 0.36
n-Butane 0.56
i-Pentane 0.21
n-Pentane 0.26
n-Hexane 1.12
Pressure 3600 psia 24820 kPa
Flowrate 1000 lb-mol/hr 455 kg-mol/hr
32 Gas Cooling
SOLUTION The original flowsheet requires three iterations to converge and the bro-
ken-recycle version converges without iterating. Figure 31 contains a
portion of the output for the broken-recycle flowsheet.
Heat Exchangers: AP for all streams
T2 - T8
E2 outlet temp
5 psi
15F
-20F
35 kPa
8C
-29C
Valves: AP across V1
AP across V2
1600 psi
900 psi
11030 kPa
6205 kPa
Flash Drum: Adiabatic
Reference Stream: Temperature
Pressure
-20F
1090 psi
-29C
7515 kPa
Figure 31:
Stream Molar
Component Rates
English UOM
STREAM ID 5 5X 6 7
NAME
PHASE MIXED MIXED VAPOR LIQUID
FLUID RATES, LB-MOL/HR
1 CO2 13.9000 13.9000 12.3398 1.5602
2 METHANE 859.2000 859.2000 812.3919 46.8081
3 ETHANE 77.3000 77.3000 63.1335 14.1665
4 PROPANE 24.5000 24.5000 15.8709 8.6291
5 IBUTANE 3.6000 3.6000 1.7665 1.8335
6 BUTANE 5.6000 5.6000 2.3734 3.2266
7 IPENTANE 2.1000 2.1000 0.5862 1.5138
8 PENTANE 2.6000 2.6000 0.6487 1.9513
9 HEXANE 11.2000 11.2000 1.3286 9.8714
TOTAL RATE, LB-MOL/HR 1000.0000 1000.0000 910.4396 89.5604
TEMPERATURE, F -20.0000 -20.0000 -20.0000 -20.0000
PRESSURE, PSIA 1090.0000 1090.0000 1090.0000 1090.0000
ENTHALPY, MM BTU/HR -0.0177 -0.0177 0.0913 -0.1090
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 19.6397 19.6397 18.2536 33.7306
MOLE FRAC VAPOR 0.9104 0.9104 1.0000 0.0000
MOLE FRAC LIQUID 0.0896 0.0896 0.0000 1.0000
Metric UOM
STREAM ID 5 5X 6 7
NAME
PHASE MIXED MIXED VAPOR LIQUID
FLUID RATES, KG-MOL/HR
1 CO2 6.3245 6.3245 5.6107 0.7138
2 METHANE 390.9360 390.9360 369.5078 21.4282
3 ETHANE 35.1715 35.1715 28.6959 6.4756
4 PROPANE 11.1475 11.1475 7.2080 3.9395
5 IBUTANE 1.6380 1.6380 0.8018 0.8362
6 BUTANE 2.5480 2.5480 1.0770 1.4710
7 IPENTANE 0.9555 0.9555 0.2659 0.6896
8 PENTANE 1.1830 1.1830 0.2942 0.8888
9 HEXANE 5.0960 5.0960 0.6025 4.4935
TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR 455.0000 455.0000 414.0639 40.9362
TEMPERATURE, C -29.0000 -29.0000 -29.0000 -29.0000
PRESSURE, KPA 515.0000 7515.0000 7515.0000 7515.0000
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR -5.5392E-03 5.5392E-03 0.0222 -0.0278
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 19.6397 19.6397 18.2513 33.6831
MOLE FRAC VAPOR 0.9100 0.9100 1.0000 0.0000
MOLE FRAC LIQUID 0.0900 0.0900 0.0000 1.0000
MEK/Toluene Preheat
# TASK The process shown in Figure 32 preheats a stream that is fed to a distilla-
tion column. The flash drum vaporizes 40 mole percent of the feed, and
the heat exchanger further heats the flash drum liquid. Both the flash
drum and heat exchanger have 1 psi (6.9 kPa) pressure drops. A total of
1.0 MM Btu/hr (1.05 MM kJ/hr) is available to the process.
Find the liquid fraction and temperature of the PROD stream and the two
duties.
Table 13 shows the feed composition and condition. Use the NRTL ther-
modynamic system, but replace its default vapor enthalpy and vapor
density methods with SRKM.
Figure 32:
Preheat Process
FD
Feed
Prod
Vapor
HX
Table 13: Feed Stream
Component Mole %
Toluene 80
Methyl-Ethyl Ketone (MEK) 19
Water 1
Flowrate 100 lb-mol/hr 45 kg-mol/hr
Hint: Use one stream Specification and one Define.
34 MEK/Toluene Preheat
SOLUTION To vaporize 40% of the flash drum feed, use the following stream speci-
fication:
The duty available to the heat exchanger is 1 MM Btu/hr (1.05 MM kJ/
hr) minus however much duty the flash drum requires to vaporize 40%
of its feed. Since the flash duty is unknown before the run, you cannot
assign a value to the heat exchanger's duty. Instead, you should have
PRO/II calculate the FLASH duty, and use the define feature to pass the
calculated flash duty to the heat exchanger. The Define statement for the
HEAT EXCHANGER will has the form:
Table 14 summarizes the results.
Table 14: Results of MEK/Toluene Preheat
English Units Metric Units
Flash Duty 0.7353 MM Btu/hr 0.7680 M kJ/hr
Heat Exchanger Duty 0.2650 MM Btu/hr 0.2970 M kJ/hr
PROD Temperature 233.96F 112.35C
PROD Liquid Fraction 0.6844 0.6619
Hydrocarbon-Water Phase Separation
# TASK This exercise illustrates the differences between a rigorous VLLE flash
and a VLE flash with the water decant option. Simulate a three phase
separator as an isothermal flash at 300F and 300 psia for the crude
stream given in the tables below. Use VLLE SRK Kabadi-Danner
(SRKKD) thermodynamics and VLE SRK thermodynamics with the
water decant option, along with the three different water solubility corre-
lations. Print the K-values for one of the VLE flash units and for the
VLLE flash.
This exercise allows you to answer the following questions:
I Is the assumption of a pure water phase valid for this simulation?
I How do the results vary with respect to the water solubility correla-
tions?
Pure Components Rate
(lb moles/hr)
Petroleum
Components
Rate
(lb moles/hr)
Water 3000 Cut 11 165
Carbon Dioxide 35 Cut 12 303
Nitrogen 30 Cut 13 560
Methane 890 Cut 14 930
Ethane 300 Cut 15 300
Propane 520
i-Butane 105
n-Butane 283
i-Pentane 100
n-Pentane 133
Temperature 150F
Pressure 1000 psia
Table 16: Petroleum Fraction Properties
Fraction Molecular Wt. API Gravity NBP(F)
Cut 11 91 64 180
Cut 12 100 61 210
Cut 13 120 55 280
Cut 14 150 48 370
Cut 15 200 40 495
36 Hydrocarbon-Water Phase Separation
SOLUTION Defining four thermodynamic sets allows PRO/II to flash the feed iso-
thermally four times within one simulation run.
Figure 33 shows the Flash Drum Summary, which only reports the water
decant flashes. There are three FLASH DRUMs, one for each of the solubil-
ity correlations: SIMSCI, KEROSENE, and EOS. PRO/II reports the total
liquid mole fraction and breaks down the liquid phases into the liquid
hydrocarbon phase and the free water phase. Note that PRO/II provides
this type of report only when you invoke the water decant option for a
hydrocarbon-water system. You can observe that the three solubility
methods produce very similar results for this problem.
The K-value printout for the first FLASH unit (DCNT-SIMSCI) follows the
standard Flash Drum Summary. This report gives the vapor and liquid
mole fractions and the K-value for each component, providing you with
information about the relative volatilities of the components of the prod-
ucts. If you choose to lump the vapor and liquid phases into one product,
you can obtain the relative compositions of the different phases in the
product.
Figure 33:
Flash Drum Summary
with K-Value Report
FLASH ID DCNT-SIMSCI DECANT-KERO DECANT-EOS
NAME
FEEDS CRUDE CRUDE_R2 CRUDE_R1
PRODUCTS VAPOR 1V 2V 3V
LIQUID 1L 2L 3L
WATER 1W 2W 3W
TEMPERATURE, F 300.000 300.000 300.000
PRESSURE, PSIA 300.000 300.000 300.000
PRESSURE DROP, PSI 700.000 700.000 700.000
MOLE FRAC VAPOR 0.33552 0.33467 0.34579
MOLE FRAC TOTAL LIQUID 0.66448 0.66533 0.65421
MOLE FRAC H/C LIQUID 0.35887 0.36147 0.35919
MOLE FRAC FREE WATER 0.30561 0.30386 0.29502
DUTY, MM BTU/HR 59.02614 58.96749 60.00998
FLASH TYPE ISOTHERMAL ISOTHERMAL ISOTHERMAL
VAPOR-LIQUID COMPOSITIONS AND K-VALUES FOR UNIT 1, 'DCNT-SIMSCI'
COMPONENT VAPOR LIQUID K-VALUE
------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 WATER 0.22197 0.03308 6.7112E+00
2 CO2 0.01219 0.00135 9.0594E+00
3 N2 0.01127 3.8836E-04 2.9011E+01
4 C1 0.32055 0.02432 1.3183E+01
5 C2 0.09736 0.01819 5.3508E+00
6 C3 0.14613 0.05268 2.7737E+00
7 IC4 0.02518 0.01468 1.7148E+00
8 NC4 0.06314 0.04399 1.4352E+00
9 IC5 0.01754 0.02001 8.7627E-01
10 NC5 0.02171 0.02812 7.7196E-01
11 CUT11 0.01434 0.04666 3.0732E-01
12 CUT12 0.02020 0.09143 2.2090E-01
13 CUT13 0.01813 0.18693 9.6967E-02
14 CUT14 0.00981 0.32940 2.9796E-02
15 CUT15 4.8360E-04 0.10877 4.4463E-03
Figure 34 shows the three-phase Flash Drum Summary from the output
report. Note that this summary only reports the rigorous VLLE FLASH
units. If you invoke the VLLE option for a FLASH, but only one liquid
phase exists, then PRO/II provides the results in the standard Flash
Drum Summary. The results for the rigorous three-phase FLASH are very
similar to those in Figure 33. The vapor and liquid mole fractions for
each component in the three product phases are at the end of the standard
three-phase Flash Drum Summary. PRO/II uses these results to calculate
the two sets of K-values. You can obtain a set of LLE K-values by divid-
ing the second set of VLE K-values by the first.
Figure 34:
Three-Phase Flash
Drum Summary with
K-Value Report
FLASH ID RIG-SRKKD
NAME
FEEDS CRUDE_R3
PRODUCTS VAPOR 4V
LIQUID 1 4L
LIQUID 2 4W
TEMPERATURE, F 300.000
PRESSURE, PSIA 300.000
PRESSURE DROP, PSI 700.000
MOLE FRAC VAPOR 0.34778
MOLE FRAC TOTAL LIQUID 0.65222
MOLE FRAC LIQUID 1 0.36325
MOLE FRAC LIQUID 2 0.28897
DUTY, MM BTU/HR 61.47417
FLASH TYPE ISOTHERMAL
VAPOR-LIQUID COMPOSITIONS AND K-VALUES FOR UNIT 4, 'RIG-SRKKD'
---------- COMPOSITIONS ----------
COMPONENT VAPOR LIQUID 1 LIQUID 2
------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 WATER 0.23782 0.05616 0.99963
2 CO2 0.01174 0.00131 5.3824E-05
3 N2 0.01087 3.8351E-04 3.2828E-06
4 C1 0.30942 0.02371 1.8329E-04
5 C2 0.09437 0.01751 3.9243E-05
6 C3 0.14269 0.05037 5.0834E-05
7 IC4 0.02481 0.01401 3.3863E-06
8 NC4 0.06243 0.04199 1.8011E-05
9 IC5 0.01757 0.01914 2.1698E-06
10 NC5 0.02183 0.02693 3.2412E-06
11 CUT11 0.01477 0.04520 5.6747E-06
12 CUT12 0.02102 0.08885 5.4152E-06
13 CUT13 0.01933 0.18291 1.4512E-06
14 CUT14 0.01079 0.32417 9.1229E-08
15 CUT15 5.5476E-04 0.10737 5.4406E-11
------ K-VALUES ------
COMPONENT VAP/LIQ 1 VAP/LIQ 2
------------------- ---------- ----------
1 WATER 4.2353E+00 2.3793E-01
2 CO2 8.9758E+00 2.1803E+02
3 N2 2.8327E+01 3.3092E+03
4 C1 1.3048E+01 1.6877E+03
5 C2 5.3874E+00 2.4042E+03
6 C3 2.8323E+00 2.8063E+03
7 IC4 1.7703E+00 7.3241E+03
8 NC4 1.4865E+00 3.4657E+03
9 IC5 9.1766E-01 8.0958E+03
10 NC5 8.1044E-01 6.7340E+03
11 CUT11 3.2684E-01 2.6030E+03
12 CUT12 2.3656E-01 3.8813E+03
13 CUT13 1.0566E-01 1.3317E+04
14 CUT14 3.3278E-02 1.1825E+05
15 CUT15 5.1668E-03 1.0197E+07
38 Hydrocarbon-Water Phase Separation
Table 17 compares the different product flowrates for each of the four
flash types. Note that PRO/II breaks down the two liquid phases into
hydrocarbon and water content. For this example the second liquid
(water) phase contains only 0.04 mol % (0.9/2211.7) of hydrocarbon.
All three solubility correlations give similar results for the total flowrate
of each product. The rigorous three-phase FLASH with SRKKD thermo-
dynamics results in significantly more water in the hydrocarbon phase
and thus less water in the water-dominated phase, than any of the three
VLE FLASH units with water decant.
The best method for selecting a VLLE or a VLE thermodynamic system
with a water solubility correlation is to compare the simulation results of
each system with actual process data. Since this is not always possible,
the PRO/II Keyword Manual and the PRO/II Reference Manual provide
guidelines for the selection of an appropriate thermodynamic system and
water solubility correlation.
Table 17: Comparison of VLE and VLLE Flash Results
Flowrate
(lb-mol/hr)
Water Solubility Method
SIMSCI KEROSENE EOS RIGOROUS
Vapor 2568.1 2561.6 2646.7 2661.9
Liquid 1
Hydrocarbon
Water
2746.8
2655.9
90.9
2766.7
2661.1
105.6
2749.2
2626.0
123.2
2780.5
2624.4
156.1
Liquid 2
Water
Hydrocarbon
2339.1
2339.1
0.0
2325.8
2325.8
0.0
2258.1
2258.1
0.0
2211.6
2210.8
0.8
Naphtha Assay - Part 1
# TASK Enter the assay data for the naphtha feed described below and generate a
set of petroleum components. Also create a plot of the calculated TBP
curve and component cuts. The light ends make up 5% of the total liquid
volume. Use SRK thermodynamics with API liquid density to model the
system.
To represent the boiling curve more closely, increase the number of
pseudocomponents by using twenty-one 18F (10C) cuts from 80F to
460F (30C to 240C). The process data is given in Table 18.
SOLUTION Build the flowsheet and enter the UOM, components, and thermody-
namic data, as usual.
Step 1 Modify the Assay Characterization Data
To represent the boiling curve more closely, you must increase the num-
ber of pseudocomponents by using twenty-one 18F (10C) cuts from
80F to 460F (30C to 240C).
Click the Assay Characterization button on the toolbar.
Click .
Table 18: Naphtha Feed Data
ASTM D86 Data Light Ends
LV% T(F) T(C) Component Mole %
3 90 32 isobutane 0.70
5 125 52 butane 2.15
10 195 90 isopentane 0.86
30 250 121 pentane 3.58
50 280 138
70 310 154 Total 5% liq. volume
90 390 199
95 418 214
98 430 221
Flowrate 1000 lb/hr 450 kg/hr
Pressure 1 atm
Average API gravity 54.2 Average Specific Gravity 0.762
Modify Primary Set...
40 Naphtha Assay - Part 1
In the Primary TBP Cutpoints Definition dialog box, change the
Minimum Temperature for First Interval to 80F (30C).
In first row, enter 460F (240C) as the Maximum Temperature for
the Interval and 21 as the Number of Pseudocomponents in Interval.
Leave the default data for the second and third intervals as they are.
Click to return to the Assay Cutpoints and Characterization
Options dialog box.
Click and change the Initial Point from
its default to 3%, and Distillation Curve Interconversion to API
1994.
Close the windows by Clicking .
Step 2 Define the Assay Stream
Add a stream into the flowsheet and double-click on the stream and
select Petroleum Assay as the Stream Type.
Click and enter the rate.
To define a new assay:
In the Stream Data - Flowrate and Assay dialog box, click
.
Choose ASTM D86 and enter the distillation data in the grid. You
can use the <Tab> key to move from cell to cell in the grid.
Select API Gravity and enter the average value.
Figure 35 shows these entries.
Figure 35:
Assay Definition
OK
Characterization Options...
OK
Flowrate and Assay...
Define/Edit Assay...
To enter the lightends composition:
In the Assay Definition dialog box, click .
Choose Percent of Assay and enter 5 as the LV percent figure.
Check the box next to Assay lightends information for stream
NAPHTHA_FEED and enter the molar composition of each compo-
nent in the grid.
Because the lightends compositions do not add up to 1 or 100, you
must check the Normalize box.
Figure 36 shows these entries.
Figure 36:
Assay Lightends Data
Back in the Stream Data dialog box, enter Temperature and Pres-
sure values. Click to return to the flowsheet.
You will be asked whether you want to generate the pseudocomponents
now or at a later time. Answer No.
Step 3 Generate the Pseudocomponents
If you have not already generated the pseudocomponents, you can do so
at any time by selecting Input/Generate Assay Components from the
menu bar. Then:
I To view the list of pseudocomponents, open the Component Selec-
tion dialog box.
I To look at the petroleum property data generated for the pseudocom-
ponents, generate an output report and view it.
Lightends...
OK
Figure 37:
Component Summary
I To view assay processing curve, click in the Assay
Definition dialog box.
Figure 38:
Assay Processing
Plot
Please save this simulation as NAPHTH1.PRZ and you will use this simu-
lation in the next exercise.
View Curve...
# TASK In this exercise you will use the assay stream you created in NAPHTH1
and manipulate it using two flash drums. The first flash drum predicts
the temperature at which 80% of the feed is recovered in the vapor. The
second flash drum predicts the quantity of liquid that drops out when a
temperature drop is imposed on that vapor.
SOLUTION Open the simulation named NAPHTH1.PRZ and save it under a new
name, NAPHTH2.PRZ.
Step 1 Build the Process Flow Diagram
Add two flash drums to the flowsheet and connect, as shown below.
Connect the stream NAPHTHA_FEED to the first flash drum.
Figure 39:
PRO/II Flowsheet
Step 2 Enter Unit Operating Conditions
Enter unit data from Table 19 into both flash drums.
Express the recovery specification in Flash F1 as the ratio of one
stream's flowrate to that of another. You can define a recovery on the
basis of one component or a range of components or, as here, on the total
stream. Set the specification so that it matches the figure shown below.
D-1 Flash drum Pressure = 0.8 atm
80 / 20 vapor/liquid split
D-2 Flash drum Temperature Drop = 18F (10C)
Pressure Drop = 0.1 atm
Because the feed temperature of flash F2 is unknown until the first flash
has executed, you cannot enter an absolute value at this time. You can,
however, enter a relative value, as shown below.
Add a STREAM PROPERTY TABLE to display a Short Property List for
all the streams in the flowsheet.
Run the simulation and observe the temperatures, pressures and
flowrates on the STREAM PROPERTY TABLE. Verify that they accu-
rately reflect the specifications you entered.
Figure 40:
Short Property Table
Please save this simulation as NAPHTH2.PRZ and you will use this simu-
lation in the next exercise.
# TASK Using the assay stream and flashes from NAPHTH2, you will now exam-
ine the effects of varying the vapor/liquid split in the first flash drum on
the duty of the second flash drum. Run cases at vapor fractions from
80% (the base case) to 40% in 10% increments.
SOLUTION Open the simulation named NAPHTH2.PRZ and save it under a new
name, NAPHTH3.PRZ.
Step 1 Enter Case Study Data
Click the Case Study button on the toolbar to open the Case Study
Parameters and Results dialog box.
Check the Define Case Study box.
In the first row of the Parameter field, click Parameter.
Select Flash from the Unit/Stream list, F1 from the Unit Name list.
Click Parameter and select Product Specification.
Specify 5 cycles and a step size of -0.1.
In the first row of the Result field, click Parameter and select Flash
F2 Duty.
Figure 41 shows the completed dialog box.
Figure 41:
Completed Case
Study Parameters
Dialog Box
Step 2 Run the Simulation
Click the Run button to run the simulation.
Step 3 View Output in a Tabular Format
Select Output/Case Study from the menu bar and then Tables from
the submenu to open the Case Study Tables dialog box.
Enter a table name in the first row and click .
Move the variables you want to appear in the table from the Avail-
able Variables list to the Selected Variables list.
Click on Columns to change the default to Display cycles in Rows.
Click to view the results.
Figure 42:
Case Study Results in
a Tabular Format
Step 4 View Output in a Graphical Format
Define a plot that shows the change in F2 duty with the change in F1
split.
Select Output/Case Study from the menu bar and then Plots from the
submenu to open the Case Study Plots dialog box.
Enter a plot name in the first row and click .
Highlight F1SPLIT from the Available Variables list and X-Axis
from the other list.
Enter a label in the Label/Legend field, if desired.
Click , followed by .
Highlight F2DUTY from the Available Variables list and Y-Axis#1
in the other list.
Enter a label in the Label/Legend field, if desired.
Click , followed by .
Data...
View Table...
Data...
Update Add ->
Update Add ->
Figure 43:
Case Study - Plot
Definition Dialog Box
To view the plot, click .
Figure 44:
F2 Duty as a Function
of F2 Liquid/Vapor
Ratio
Please save this simulation as NAPHTH3.PRZ.
Preview Plot...
48 Phase Envelope
Phase Envelope
# TASK A vapor stream normally condenses when you increase pressure and/or
decrease temperature. Under certain conditions, however, it is possible
for a vapor stream to undergo partial condensation as its pressure is
reduced (at a fixed temperature) or as its temperature is increased (at a
fixed pressure). This counter-intuitive phenomenon, called retrograde
condensation, is particularly important in the production of petroleum
from deep gas wells.
Typically, as a gas is brought to the surface its pressure decreases until it
matches that of the receiving vessel, which is at ambient temperature.
The pressure of the vessel is set to lie in the two-phase region at that
temperature so that partial condensation of the gas occurs. The con-
densed liquid, enriched in the more-valuable heavy components, is
recovered. The remaining vapor is repressurized and injected back into
the well.
Figure 45:
Petroleum Recovery
from a Deep Gas Well
Gas
T = 150F
P = 2500 psia
Component Mole %
C1 82
C2 7
C3 4
IC4 2
NC4 2
IC5 and heavier 3
Flowrate 100 lb-mole/hr 45 kg-mole/hr
You want to examine the characteristics of the gas in the receiving ves-
sel so that you can make a decision about the pressure required to maxi-
mize the amount of liquid condensed.
Generate a phase envelope plot for the feed stream. Also generate lines
of constant liquid mole fraction at 5%, 10% and 15%.
At an ambient temperature of 50F (10C), what pressure will be needed
to maximize the production of liquid?
SOLUTION After defining the components and thermodynamic method, add a
stream to the flowsheet and enter stream data. Add a Phase Envelope to
the flowsheet.
In the Phase Envelope dialog box, select the feed stream in the first row
of the grid. In the second row, select the feed stream and enter a Liquid
Mole Fraction of 0.05. In the same way, enter the other liquid mole frac-
tions in rows three and four. Click on , change Individual
to Comparison for each curve, and enter 1 through 5 for Plot Symbols.
Plot five graphs: one for each of the plots and one showing all the plots
together. Run the simulation. Select Output/Generate Plot... from the
menu bar and plot the phase envelope.
The resulting phase envelope for this exercise is shown below.
Figure 46:
Phase Envelope, PH1
Plot Options
50 Compressor Curves
Compressor Curves
# TASK Set up a simulation of part of a refrigeration loop. The flowsheet, stream
and process data are shown below.
Figure 47:
Refrigeration Loop
Flowsheet
Compressor
Separator
8
1 3 2
Vaporizor
Valve
Cooler
Surge
4
5
6
7
Component Mole%
Ethane 1.04
Propane 96.94
i-Butane 1.68
n-Butane 0.34
Total Flowrate 16500 lb-mol/hr 7485 kg-mol/hr
Temperature 15.5F -9.2C
Unit Data
Valve Outlet pressure
87 psia
600 kPa
Cooler Hotside: Process stream duty
Pressure drop
2x10
6
BTU/hr
4.4 psi
2.11x10
6
kJ/hr
30 kPa
Separator Adiabatic flash, zero pressure drop
Vaporizer Coldside:
Pressure drop
Process stream product at dew point
8.8 psi 61 kPa
Surge Mixer. Outlet pressure 65 psia 450 kPa
Compressor Curves Flowrate
(ft
3
/hr) (m
3
/hr)
Actual Head
(ft) (m)
Adiabatic
Efficiency
900000 25485 38000 11582 69
1000000 28317 37000 11278 71
1240000 35113 35300 10760 72
1360000 38511 33100 10089 73
1430000 40493 27250 8306 71
SOLUTION Place the minimum number of units on the PFD.
Name the units and streams so that the flowsheet looks like Figure 48.
Figure 48:
Modified Flowsheet
In the Compressor dialog box, select Actual Head Curve and click
. Enter the table of Volumetric Flowrate against Head
and click . Select Single Adiabatic Efficiency Curve from the Effi-
ciency or Temperature Specification list and enter the efficiency data.
Hint: You can reduce the number of units by combining the cooler
and separator. You cannot feed streams 4 and 6 directly into
the compressor because the surge mixer has an outlet pressure
specification.
V1
H2
H3
M1
C1
1 2
4
5
6
7
8
Enter Curve...
OK
Figure 49:
Compressor C1
Results
English Units
---------- ----------
Outlet Temperature, F 182.39
Outlet Pressure, PSIA 321.54
Pressure Increase, PSI 256.54
Actual Work, HP 13099.77
Head, FT 35525.17
Adiabatic Efficiency 71.89
Polytropic Efficiency 75.26
Metric Units
---------- ----------
Outlet Temperature, C 83.55
Outlet Pressure, KPA 2216.81
Pressure Increase, KPA 1768.65
Actual Work, KW 9769.40
Head, M 10828.02
Adiabatic Efficiency 71.89
Polytropic Efficiency 75.26
52 Debutanizer
Debutanizer
# TASK A debutanizer removes C4 and lighter components from a mixed Naph-
tha and LPG feed stream. The Naphtha feed has been changed and you
must ensure that the column can still meet the process requirements such
as product recoveries and column duties.
Figure 50:
Debutanizer Process
All the data required for this simulation are summarized in the tables
below.
OVHD
BTMS
Naphtha
LPG
338F
15
32
1
270 psia
Table 23: LPG Feed Data
Component Mole %
H2 0.3
H2S 0.2
C1 0.7
C2 5.5
C3 28.5
IC4 11.7
NC4 49.0
IC5 4.1
Flowrate 400 ft
3
/hr 11.3 m
3
/hr
The VLE and enthalpies of natural gas systems are generally modeled
well by equations of state such as Peng-Robinson or Soave-Redlich-
Kwong. However, these methods are less good at predicting liquid den-
sity so a different method, such as COSTALD or API, should be used.
Table 24: Naphtha Feed Data
ASTM D86 Data
Liquid Volume % Temperature
(F) (C)
0 104 40
5 144 62
10 158 70
30 196 91
50 228 109
70 248 120
90 284 140
95 311 155
100 329 165
Average Specific Gravity = 0.75
Lightends Data
Component Liquid Volume %
C3 0.07
IC4 0.21
NC4 0.42
IC5 3.24
NC5 6.06
10% liquid volume of assay
Flowrate 3200 ft
3
/hr 90 m
3
/hr
Table 25: Column Operating Conditions
Feed Temperature 338F 170C
Condenser Type Bubble Point
Condenser Pressure 185 psia 1275 kPa
Top Tray Pressure 190 psia 1310 kPa
Column Pressure Drop 4.3 psi 30 kPa
Reboiler Type Kettle
Hint: Use the Define feature to set the overhead rate from the col-
umn as all the C4 and lighter components in the column feed.
54 Debutanizer
Answer the following questions:
1. Can the column still recover 99% of the C4 components overhead
with a loss of only 1% of the C5 components?
2. What are the duties on the condenser and reboiler?
3. What is the reflux ratio?
SOLUTION As the column has converged with the required recovery specifications,
it can clearly cope with the new service.
Table 26: Results for Both English and Metric Input
English Metric
Duties (x 10
6
)
Condenser -11.8808 Btu/hr -12.2126 kJ/hr
Reboiler 16.7205 Btu/hr 17.2770 kJ/hr
Reflux Ratio 4.4086 4.2643
Rigorous Heat Exchanger
# TASK An existing heat exchanger runs with a shellside outlet temperature of
161F. You want to increase the throughput of the exchanger and need to
calculate the shellside outlet temperature under the new conditions. Set
up the simulation of the exchanger. This exercise is in two parts:
Part A Determine the fouling of the heat exchanger under present operating
conditions.
Part B Using the fouling results from Part A, rate the existing fouled exchanger
for the increased throughput.
The flowsheet, stream and process data are provided below.
Figure 51:
Schematic of a
Rigorous Heat
Exchanger
BT1
FD1
FD2
BT2
EA1
Component FD1 Mole % BT1 Mole %
NC4 15 4
IC5 14 15
NC5 16 16
NC6 22 25
NC7 13 15
NC8 20 25
Temperature 70F 220F
Pressure 195 psia 135 psia
Current Flowrate 550000 lb/hr 500000 lb/hr
Increased Flowrate 606000 lb/hr 660000 lb/hr
56 Rigorous Heat Exchanger
Heat Exchanger Data
SOLUTION
Part A Determine the fouling of the heat exchanger under current operating
conditions. In this part of the exercise, you require a shellside outlet tem-
perature of 161F.
Build the flowsheet and enter the UOM, components, and thermody-
namic data, as usual. Enter stream data.
In this example, the shellside outlet temperature is given and we want to
determine the fouling resistance. Select Shell Outlet Temperature from
the list and enter the value in the Temperature field.
Click each button and enter the appropriate data. Fields outlined in
green means that, if you do not enter a value, PRO/II calculates one.
In the Film Coefficients dialog box, set the tubing fouling resistance
to 0.
You want PRO/II to calculate an overall fouling resistance to meet the
specification. You could supply values for both the tubeside and a shell-
side fouling resistances and have PRO/II adjust them to meet the perfor-
mance specification. However, for simplicity, it is easier to set the
tubeside fouling resistance to zero and allow PRO/II to report the calcu-
lated overall resistance as the required shellside resistance.
Click to check the Extended box to request an addi-
tional data sheet with information about stream properties, heat
exchanger configuration and hydrodynamics.
Run the simulation and view the results. Make a note of the required
shellside fouling resistance.
Print Options...
58 Rigorous Heat Exchanger
Part B Using the fouling results you have just calculated, rate the existing
fouled exchanger for the increased throughput.
Change the flowrates of both feed streams.
Click , and enter the new value for the shellside
fouling resistance calculated in Part A.
In the Rigorous Heat Exchanger main dialog box, change the Calcu-
lation Type to Rating (Predictive).
Run the simulation and view the results. Note the tubeside and shell-
side exit temperatures.
Figure 52:
Heat Exchanger
Results
- Part A
SHELL AND TUBE EXCHANGER DATA SHEET FOR EXCHANGER 'E1'
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I EXCHANGER NAME UNIT ID E1 I
I SIZE 36 - 240 TYPE AES HORIZONTAL CONNECTED 1 PARALLEL 1 SERIES I
I AREA/UNIT 2295. FT2 ( 1984.FT2 REQUIRED ) AREA/SHELL 2295. FT2 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT SHELL-SIDE TUBE-SIDE I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I FEED STREAM ID BT1 FD1 I
I FEED STREAM NAME I
I TOTAL FLUID LB/HR 500000. 550000. I
I VAPOR (IN/OUT) LB/HR / / I
I LIQUID LB/HR 500000./500000. 550000./550000. I
I STEAM LB/HR / / I
I WATER LB/HR / / I
I NON CONDENSIBLE LB/HR I
I TEMPERATURE (IN/OUT) DEG F 220.0 / 161.0 70.0 / 129.8 I
I PRESSURE (IN/OUT) PSIA 135.00 / 133.26 195.00 / 189.64 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I SP. GR., LIQ (60F/60F H2O) 0.662 / 0.662 0.653 / 0.653 I
I VAP (60F/60F AIR) / / I
I DENSITY, LIQUID LB/FT3 35.822 / 38.094 40.509 / 38.539 I
I VAPOR LB/FT3 / / I
I VISCOSITY, LIQUID CP 0.147 / 0.210 0.289 / 0.220 I
I VAPOR CP / / I
I THRML COND,LIQ BTU/HR-FT-F 0.0587 / 0.0654 0.0754 / 0.0687 I
I VAP BTU/HR-FT-F / / I
I SPEC.HEAT,LIQUID BTU/LB-F 0.6317 / 0.5937 0.5328 / 0.5759 I
I VAPOR BTU/LB-F / / I
I LATENT HEAT BTU/LB I
I VELOCITY FT/SEC 1.12 6.93 I
I DP/SHELL PSI 1.74 5.36 I
I FOULING RESIST HR-FT2-F/BTU 0.00200 ( 0.00343 REQD) 0.00000 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I TRANSFER RATE BTU/HR-FT2-F SERVICE 109.64 (94.78 REQD)CLEAN 140.43 I
I HEAT EXCHANGED MM BTU/HR 18.207 MTD(CORRECTED) 83.7 FT 0.924 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL SHELL-SIDE TUBE-SIDE I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I DESIGN PRESSURE PSIA 300. 300. I
I NUMBER OF PASSES 1 2 I
I MATERIAL CARB STL CARB STL I
I INLET NOZZLE ID IN 8.0 8.0 I
I OUTLET NOZZLE ID IN 8.0 8.0 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I TUBE: NUMBER 600 OD 0.750 IN BWG 14 LENGTH 20.0 FT I
I TYPE BARE PITCH 1.3 IN PATTERN 60 DEGREES I
I SHELL: ID 36.00 IN SEALING STRIPS 0 PAIRS I
I BAFFLE: CUT 0.300 SPACING (IN/CENT/OUT): IN 24.0/24.0/24.0,SINGLE I
I RHO-V2: INLET NOZZLE 4419.5 LB/FT-SEC2 I
I TOTAL WEIGHT/SHELL,LB 10393.6 FULL OF WATER 30135.8 BUNDLE 11825.0 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
Film Coefficients...
Figure 53:
Heat Exchanger
Results
- Part B
SHELL AND TUBE EXCHANGER DATA SHEET FOR EXCHANGER 'E1'
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I EXCHANGER NAME UNIT ID E1 I
I SIZE 36 - 240 TYPE AES HORIZONTAL CONNECTED 1 PARALLEL 1 SERIES I
I AREA/UNIT 2295. FT2 AREA/SHELL 2295. FT2 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT SHELL-SIDE TUBE-SIDE I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I FEED STREAM ID BT1 FD1 I
I FEED STREAM NAME I
I TOTAL FLUID LB/HR 660000. 606000. I
I VAPOR (IN/OUT) LB/HR / / I
I LIQUID LB/HR 660000. / 660000. 606000. / 606000. I
I STEAM LB/HR / / I
I WATER LB/HR / / I
I NON CONDENSIBLE LB/HR I
I TEMPERATURE (IN/OUT) DEG F 220.0 / 170.1 70.0 / 130.9 I
I PRESSURE (IN/OUT) PSIA 135.00 / 131.96 195.00 / 188.64 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I SP. GR., LIQ (60F/60F H2O) 0.662 / 0.662 0.653 / 0.653 I
I VAP (60F/60F AIR) / / I
I DENSITY, LIQUID LB/FT3 35.822 / 37.762 40.509 / 38.500 I
I VAPOR LB/FT3 / / I
I VISCOSITY, LIQUID CP 0.156 / 0.193 0.293 / 0.212 I
I VAPOR CP / / I
I THRML COND,LIQ BTU/HR-FT-F 0.0535 / 0.0578 0.0677 / 0.0609 I
I VAP BTU/HR-FT-F / / I
I SPEC.HEAT,LIQUID BTU/LB-F 0.6417 / 0.6008 0.5328 / 0.5767 I
I VAPOR BTU/LB-F / / I
I LATENT HEAT BTU/LB I
I VELOCITY FT/SEC 1.48 7.64 I
I DP/SHELL PSI 3.04 6.36 I
I FOULING RESIST HR-FT2-F/BTU 0.00343 0.00000 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I TRANSFER RATE BTU/HR-FT2-F SERVICE 100.20 CLEAN 152.66 I
I HEAT EXCHANGED MM BTU/HR 20.443 MTD(CORRECTED) 88.9 FT 0.940 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL SHELL-SIDE TUBE-SIDE I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I DESIGN PRESSURE PSIA 300. 300. I
I NUMBER OF PASSES 1 2 I
I MATERIAL CARB STL CARB STL I
I INLET NOZZLE ID IN 8.0 8.0 I
I OUTLET NOZZLE ID IN 8.0 8.0 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
I TUBE: NUMBER 600 OD 0.750 IN BWG 14 LENGTH 20.0 FT I
I TYPE BARE PITCH 1.3 IN PATTERN 60 DEGREES I
I SHELL: ID 36.00 IN SEALING STRIPS 0 PAIRS I
I BAFFLE: CUT 0.300 SPACING (IN/CENT/OUT): IN 24.0/26.54/24.0,SINGLE I
I RHO-V2: INLET NOZZLE 7700.6 LB/FT-SEC2 I
I TOTAL WEIGHT/SHELL,LB 10393.6 FULL OF WATER 30135.8 BUNDLE 11825.0 I
I--------------------------------------------------------------------I
60 Two Stage Compressor
Two Stage Compressor
# TASK A natural gas stream is compressed before entering a pipeline. The
stream is first compressed to 12 bar and then to 26 bar. Liquid condenses
in the compressor aftercoolers and is recycled back to the previous stage.
The liquid product is removed from the feed flash.
Figure 54:
Two Stage
Compressor
Flowsheet
Use the Peng-Robinson thermodynamic method with the COSTALD
correlation for liquid density.
All the data required for this simulation are summarized in the tables
below.
D-3
C-1
HX-1
D-2 D-1
Feed
C-2
HX-2
Vapor
Liquids
S2
S1
S3
S7 S11
S4 S5
S6 S8 S9
S10
100F
70 psia
Component Flowrate
(lb-mol/hr) (kg-mol/hr)
Nitrogen 400 180
Carbon dioxide 4230 1920
Methane 32000 14520
Ethane 20000 9070
Propane 16000 7260
i-Butane 1700 770
n-Butane 6200 2810
i-Pentane 2100 950
n-Pentane 3600 1630
n-Hexane 3400 1540
C7 Plus (model as NC9) 7000 3180
Pressure 70 psia 5 bar
Part A Answer the following questions:
1. What are the amounts of liquid and vapor leaving the process?
2. What compressor work is required for each stage?
3. What are the stream temperatures entering the aftercoolers?
4. What are the aftercooler duties?
Part B If you have time, answer the following questions:
1. Can the same information still be obtained with fewer units in the
flowsheet? If so, simulate it and check that the data are available and
that the values are the same as in the original calculation.
2. Assuming that you only want to know the product streams from the
process, simulate the process with the minimum number of units
required.
SOLUTION
Part A The actual work is 43808 HP (32456 kW) for C-1 and 42804 HP (30893
kW) for C-2.
The temperatures entering the aftercooler are shown on the compressor
output and on the stream results. They are 196.5F (93.3C) for C-1 and
214.9F (103.7C) for C-2.
The aftercooler duties are 80.1x10
6
Btu/hr (82.9x10
6
kJ/hr) for HX-1
and 153.9x10
6
Btu/hr (152.6x10
6
kJ/hr) for HX-2.
Table 29: Unit Operating Conditions
Compressor C-1
Outlet Pressure 170 psia 12 bar
Adiabatic Efficiency 74% 74%
Compressor C-2
Outlet Pressure 380 psia 26 bar
Adiabatic Efficiency 72% 72%
Heat Exchanger HX-1
Exit Temperature 135F 60C
Pressure Drop 5 psi 0.35 bar
Heat Exchanger HX-2
Exit Temperature 135F 60C
Pressure Drop 5 psi 0.35 bar
62 Two Stage Compressor
Figure 54 shows the stream summaries for the liquid outlet stream, S3,
and the vapor outlet stream, S10.
Part B 1. The heat exchangers are not required. You could omit these and use
the aftercooler option on the compressor. All the information
requested is still available.
2. If you only need the product stream information, compressor C-2
(and its aftercooler) may be removed. Set the flash D-3 to the condi-
tions leaving the aftercooler and the products will be identical. You
cannot remove C-1 as the temperature of D-2 is unknown. Liquid
from D-3 is flashed into the drum and reduces the temperature below
the aftercooler exit temperature. However, to simplify the flowsheet,
C-1 and its aftercooler could be replaced by a flash drum.
Figure 55:
Stream Summary for
Streams S3 and S10
English Units
STREAM 'S3'

TOTAL
----------
RATE, LB-MOL/HR 15629.9004
MOLAR FLOWRATES, LB-MOL/HR
1 - N2 0.5471
2 - CO2 45.8175
3 - C1 141.4767
4 - C2 486.4024
5 - C3 1178.3664
6 - IC4 273.1566
7 - NC4 1308.8244
8 - IC5 847.2167
9 - NC5 1682.4803
10 - NC6 2667.2460
11 - NC9 6998.3663
STREAM 'S10'

TOTAL
----------
RATE, LB-MOL/HR 80988.7220
MOLAR FLOWRATES, LB-MOL/HR
1 - N2 399.4505
2 - CO2 4184.0733
3 - C1 31858.0695
4 - C2 19512.5552
5 - C3 14819.5615
6 - IC4 1426.3681
7 - NC4 4889.0529
8 - IC5 1251.3970
9 - NC5 1915.0068
10 - NC6 731.0926
11 - NC9 2.0944
Metric Units
STREAM 'S3'

TOTAL
----------
RATE, KG-MOL/HR 6929.9789
TEMPERATURE, C 40.00
PRESSURE, BAR 5.00
MOLAR FLOWRATES, KG-MOL/HR
1 - NITROGEN 0.2451
2 - CO2 20.1492
3 - METHANE 63.1166
4 - ETHANE 211.7885
5 - PROPANE 505.7845
6 - IBUTANE 115.6366
7 - NBUTANE 552.4385
8 - IPENTANE 354.3091
9 - PENTANE 704.4548
10 - HEXANE 1124.4488
11 - NC9 3177.6072
STREAM 'S10'

TOTAL
----------
RATE, KG-MOL/HR 36995.6775
TEMPERATURE, C 60.00
PRESSURE, BAR 25.65
MOLAR FLOWRATES, KG-MOL/HR
1 - NITROGEN 179.7539
2 - CO2 1899.8059
3 - METHANE 14456.6954
4 - ETHANE 8857.7931
5 - PROPANE 6752.4271
6 - IBUTANE 654.1972
7 - NBUTANE 2256.8271
8 - IPENTANE 595.2574
9 - PENTANE 924.7489
10 - HEXANE 414.5482
11 - NC9 2.6230
Propylene Chlorination Reactor
# TASK In a propylene chlorination plant, chlorine reacts with propylene to pro-
duce allyl chloride, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene and
hydrogen chloride. The reaction takes place at 800F (425C) and 70
psia (5 kg/cm
2
) in a homogeneous gas phase reactor and the resulting
products are separated in a fractionation section. Most of the unreacted
propylene is recycled back to the reactor. The reactor volume is 10 ft
3
(0.3 m
3
). For a product flowrate estimate, lets assume that nearly all the
chlorine is converted, i.e., Cl
2
in S13 = 1% CL2 flowrate.
Figure 56:
Propylene
Chlorination Reactor
The flowsheet, stream and process data are shown below. Use Soave-
Redlich-Kwong thermodynamics with Costald liquid densities.
PRPL
CL2
CST1
PROD
PRPL CL2
Composition 100% proplylene 100% chlorine
Flowrate 220 lb-moles /hr 100 kg-moles/hr 250 lb-moles/hr 115 kg-moles/hr
Temperature 59F 15C 79F 26C
Pressure 200 psia 14 kg/cm
2
100 psia 7 kg/cm
2
Table 31: Reaction Data (English)
Reaction Rate Equation
Reaction rates are in lb-mole/ft
3
hr. Activation energies are in BTU/lb-mole.
Cl
2
C
3
H
6
+ C
3
H
5
Cl HCl + Rate 3.36 10
12
e
27009.6
RT
----------------------
\ .
| |
C
Cl
2
( ) C
C
3
H
6
( ) =
Cl
2
C
3
H
6
+ C
3
H
6
Cl
2
Rate 1.91 10
8
e
6811.98
RT
----------------------
\ .
| |
C
Cl
2
( ) C
C
3
H
6
( ) =
Cl
2
C
3
H
5
Cl + C
3
H
4
Cl
2
HCl + Rate 7.51 10
15
e
42300
RT
------------------
\ .
| |
C
Cl
2
( ) C
C
3
H
5
Cl
( ) =
64 Propylene Chlorination Reactor
SOLUTION Build the flowsheet and enter the UOM, components, and thermody-
namic data, as usual.
Step 1 Enter Reaction Data
In the Reaction Data dialog box, enter a Reaction Set Name and
click . The Reaction Definitions dialog box appears.
There are three reactions. In the first row of the grid, enter a name
for the first reaction.
Click on the Reactants = Products text to open the Reaction Compo-
nents dialog box.
In the first reaction, one mole of chlorine reacts with one mole of propy-
lene to form one mole of allyl chloride and one mole of hydrogen chlo-
ride, as shown below in Figure 57.
Figure 57:
Stoichiometry for the
First Reaction
Table 32: Reaction Data (Metric)
Reaction Rate Equation
Reaction rates are in kg-mole/m
3
hr. Activation energies are in kcal/kg-mole.
Cl
2
C
3
H
6
+ C
3
H
5
Cl HCl + Rate 2.1 10
11
e
15005.4
RT
----------------------
\ .
| |
C
Cl
2
( ) C
C
3
H
6
( ) =
Cl
2
C
3
H
6
+ C
3
H
6
Cl
2
Rate 1.19 10
7
e
3784.45
RT
----------------------
\ .
| |
C
Cl
2
( ) C
C
3
H
6
( ) =
Cl
2
C
3
H
5
Cl + C
3
H
4
Cl
2
HCl + Rate 4.69 10
14
e
23500.1
RT
----------------------
\ .
| |
C
Cl
2
( ) C
C
3
H
5
Cl
( ) =
Enter Data...
Enter the stoichometric data for the second and third reactions in a simi-
lar manner until all three Reaction Definitions are blue in the Reaction
Definitions dialog box.
The equations conform to the default Power Law Kinetic Rate Calcula-
tion Method so you do not need to change this, just enter the data.
Figure 58:
Reaction Definitions
For the first reaction, click to enter kinetic data.
Since this reaction takes place in the vapor phase, change the Default
Phase to Vapor.
The completed dialog box is shown below.
Figure 59:
Kinetic Data for the
First Reaction
K...
Enter the kinetic data for the second and third reactions in a similar way.
In the Continuous Stirred Tank/Boiling Pot Reactor dialog box,
select the Reaction Set you have just created.
Enter the Fixed Temperature.
Click and enter the Reactor Volume (Figure 60a).
Click and enter 2.5 lbmoles/hr Cl
2
1% CL2
flowrate [250 * 0.01 = 2.5] (Figure 60b).
Figure 60:
(a) Reactor Volume
(b) Product Estimates
Save the data and return to the main CST Reactor dialog box.
Click and enter the Outlet Pressure.
The completed dialog box is shown in Figure 61.
Figure 61:
Reactor
Specifications
Run the simulation and view the results.
Reactor Data...
Product Estimates...
Pressure...
Approximately 94% of the chlorine and 62% of the propylene is con-
verted into the products allyl chloride, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichlo-
ropropene and hydrogen chloride.
Figure 62:
Reactor Summary English UOM
REACTOR TYPE ISOTHERMAL
DUTY, MM BTU/HR -5.0728
TOTAL HEAT OF REACTION AT 77.00 F, MM BTU/HR -12.0313
VOLUME, FT3 10.0000
SPACE-TIME, HR AT OUTLET CONDITIONS 1.158E-04
SPACE-VELOCITY, /HR AT OUTLET CONDITIONS 8639.0894
INLET OUTLET
----------- -----------
FEED PRPL
CL2
VAPOR PRODUCT PROD
TEMPERATURE, F 52.41 800.00
PRESSURE, PSIA 100.0000 70.0000
REACTION DATA
------- RATES, LB-MOL/HR -------- FRACTION
COMPONENT FEED CHANGE PRODUCT CONVERTED
--------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 CL2 249.9997 -235.2700 14.7297 0.9411
2 C3H6 219.9999 -135.5169 84.4830 0.6160
3 ACL 0.0000 14.8506 14.8506
4 12PR 0.0000 20.9131 20.9131
5 13PE 0.0000 99.7531 99.7531
6 HCL 0.0000 214.3569 214.3569
TOTAL 469.9996 -20.9131 449.0864
Metric UOM
REACTOR TYPE ISOTHERMAL
DUTY, M*KCAL/HR -1.3273
TOTAL HEAT OF REACTION AT 25.00 C, M*KCAL/HR -3.0835
VOLUME, M3 0.3000
SPACE-TIME, HR AT OUTLET CONDITIONS 1.240E-04
SPACE-VELOCITY, /HR AT OUTLET CONDITIONS 8066.0654
INLET OUTLET
----------- -----------
FEED PRPL
CL2
VAPOR PRODUCT PROD
TEMPERATURE, C 11.24 425.00
PRESSURE, KG/CM2 7.0000 5.0000
REACTION DATA
------- RATES, KG-MOL/HR -------- FRACTION
COMPONENT FEED CHANGE PRODUCT CONVERTED
---------------- --------- ---------- ---------- -----------
1 CL2 115.0000 -108.4534 6.5466 0.9431
2 C3H6 100.0000 -62.4710 37.5290 0.6247
3 ACL 0.0000 6.7156 6.7156
4 12PR 0.0000 9.7729 9.7729
5 13PE 0.0000 45.9824 45.9824
6 HCL 0.0000 98.6805 98.6805
TOTAL 215.0000 -9.7729 205.2271
Appendix A - Keyword (.INP) Files - English UOM
TITLE
DIMENSION ENGLISH, PRES=PSIG
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,N2/2,CO2/3,METHANE/4,ETHANE/5,PROPANE/6,IBUTANE/7,BUTANE/ &
8,IPENTANE/9,PENTANE
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,73.0001,210
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=PR, TRANSPORT=PETR, SET=PR01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=INLET_GAS, TEMPERATURE=120, PRESSURE=190.3, PHASE=M, &
RATE(GV)=1.66667E6, COMPOSITION(M)=1,1/2,1.6/3,72.5/4,11.5/ &
5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
ISO TEMPERATURE=84.999, PRESSURE=203
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=17
OPERATION EFF=65, PRESSURE=550
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
OPERATION CALCULATION=ASME, PRES=600, EFF=72
HX UID=HX-1
HOT FEED=4, M=5, DP=5
UTILITY AIR, TIN=80.001, TEMPERATURE=100
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=110
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,73.0001,210
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=17
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
HX UID=HX-1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
70 Appendix A - Keyword (.INP) Files - English UOM
OPER HTEMP=110
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-2
COLD FEED=10, M=12, DP=5
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=10
HX UID=HX-3
UTILITY REFRIGERANT, COMPONENT=5, TSAT=-22
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=-13
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED 9
PRODUCT V=10, L=11
ADIABATIC
VALVE UID=V-1
FEED 11
PRODUCT M=13
OPERATION PRESSURE=245
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,73.0001,210
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
PROPERTY STREAM=50, PRESSURE=11.5, PHASE=L, RATE(WT)=36896.4, &
COMPOSITION(M)=4,2.5/5,97/6,0.5
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=17
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
HX UID=HX-1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=110
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-3
COLD FEED=50, M=51
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER CLFRAC=0
CONTROLLER UID=CN1
SPEC STREAM=9, TEMPERATURE(F), VALUE=-15
VARY STREAM=50, RATE
CPARAMETER IPRINT, NOSTOP
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED 9
PRODUCT V=10, L=11
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-2
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=10
VALVE UID=V-1
FEED 11
PRODUCT M=13
END
Chiller Plant -Part 4
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,73.0001,210
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
PROPERTY STREAM=50, PRESSURE=11.5, PHASE=L, RATE(WT)=36000, &
COMPOSITION(M)=4,2.5/5,97/6,0.5
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
HX UID=HX-1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=110
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-3
COLD FEED=50, M=51
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER CLFRAC=0
CONTROLLER UID=CN1
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED 9
PRODUCT V=10, L=11
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-2
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=10
VALVE UID=V-1
FEED 11
PRODUCT M=13
COLUMN UID=T-1
PARAMETER TRAY=13,IO
FEED 13,1
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=14, BTMS(M)=15, SUPERSEDE=ON
DUTY 1,13
PSPEC PTOP=200, DPCOLUMN=2.5
PRINT PROPTABLE=PART
ESTIMATE MODEL=CONVENTIONAL, RRATIO=3
SPEC STREAM=15, TVP(PSIG), VALUE=235
DEFINE PRODUCT(LBM/H)=14 AS STREAM=13, RATE(LBM/H), COMP=1,3, &
WET
VARY DUTY=1
REBOILER TYPE=KETTLE
COMPRESSOR UID=C-2
FEED 14
PRODUCT V=16
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3,15
PRODUCT M=17
MIXER UID=M-2
FEED 16,12
PRODUCT M=18
MIXER UID=M-1
FEED 7,17
PRODUCT M=19
END
TITLE
DIME ENGLISH, PRES=PSIG, LIQV=GAL
PRINT STREAMS=COMPONENT
COMP DATA
LIBID 1,N2/2,CO2/3,C1/4,C2/5,C3/6,IC4/7,NC4/8,IC5/9,NC5
PETRO 10,C6 PLUS,,73, 210
THERMO DATA
METHODS SYSTEM=PR, TRANSPORT=PETRO
STREAM DATA
PROP STRM=17, TEMP=98.2, PRES=550, RATE=598.20,*
COMP=.009/2.4352/2.1162/141.0459/192.6925/45.3291/115.2106/22.6544/*
45.7673/31.0565
PROP STRM=60, TEMP=100, PRES=600, RATE=666.9,*
COMP=.1/1.8/4/125/220/78/150/10/48/30
NAME 17,NGL LIQUIDS/ 60, ROYAL LIQUIDS
OUTPUT FORMAT=GAS
UNIT OPS
VALVE UID=V-2, NAME=LET DOWN
FEED 17,60
PROD M=20
SHORT UID=T-2S, NAME=DEETHANIZER
FEED 20
PROD STRM=21, PRES=410, RATE=275, PHASE=V
PROD STRM=22,
SPEC STRM=21, COMP=5, FRAC, VALUE=.02
SPEC STRM=22, COMP=4, RATE, DIVIDE, STRM=22, COMP=5, RATE, VALUE=.025
CONDENSER TYPE=PART
EVALUATE MODEL=CONV,MMMIN=2, KEYL=4,KEYH=5
FEED 22
PROD M=23
SHORT UID=T-3S, NAME=DEPROPANIZER
FEED 23
PROD STRM=24, PHASE=L, PRES=240, RATE=400
CONDENSER TYPE=BUBB
PROD STRM=25,
SPEC STRM=24, COMP=6,7, FRAC, VALUE=.02
SPEC STRM=25, COMP=5, FRAC, VALUE=.02
EVALUATE MODEL=CONV, MMMIN=2, KEYL=5, KEYH=6
VALVE UID=V-4, NAME=LETDOWN
FEED 25
PROD M=26
SHORT UID=T-4S, NAME=DEBUTANIZER
FEED 26
PROD STRM=27, PHASE=L, PRES=100, RATE=450
PROD STRM=28,
CONDENSER TYPE=BUBB
EVALUATE MMMIN=2, MODEL=CONV, KEYL=7, KEYH=8
SPEC STRM=27, COMP=8, FRAC(V), VALUE=.0025
SPEC STRM=28, COMP=7, FRAC(V), VALUE=.01
CALCULATOR UID=CAL1, NAME=RVP CALC
RESULT 1,STRM 28 RVP
DEFINE P(1) AS STRM=28, RVP
PROCEDURE
R(1)=P(1)
RETURN
END
TITLE
PRINT STREAM=COMPONENT
DIMENSION ENGLISH, PRES=PSIG, LIQVOL=GAL
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,N2/2,CO2/3,C1/4,C2/5,C3/6,IC4/7,NC4/8,IC5/9,NC5
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,73.0001,210
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=PR, TRANSPORT=PETR, SET=PR01
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=17, TEMPERATURE=98.2, PRESSURE=550, PHASE=M, &
COMPOSITION(M,LBM/H)=1,0.009/2,2.4352/3,2.1162/4,141.046/ &
5,192.693/6,45.3291/7,115.211/8,22.6544/9,45.7673/10,31.0565
PROPERTY STREAM=60, TEMPERATURE=100, PRESSURE=600, PHASE=M, &
COMPOSITION(M,LBM/H)=1,0.1/2,1.8/3,4/4,125/5,220/6,78/7,150/ &
8,10/9,48/10,30
NAME 17,NGL LIQUIDS/60,ROYAL LIQUIDS
UNIT OPERATIONS
COLUMN UID=T-2, NAME=Deethanizer
PARAMETER TRAY=24,IO=15
FEED 20,13
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=S21,271.74, BTMS(M)=S22, SUPERSEDE=ON
CONDENSER TYPE=PART, PRESSURE=410
DUTY 1,1,-2.61699/2,24,8.81295
PSPEC PTOP=415, DPCOLUMN=5
ESTIMATE MODEL=CONVENTIONAL, RRATIO=2.674
SPEC STREAM=S21,FRACTION, COMP=5,WET, VALUE=0.02
SPEC STREAM=S22, RATE(LBM/H), COMP=4,WET, DIVIDE, STREAM=S22, &
RATE(LBM/H), COMP=5,WET, VALUE=0.025
VARY DUTY=1,2
TSIZE SECTION(1)=2,23,VALVE, DMIN=15
COLUMN UID=T-3, NAME=Depropanizer
FEED S23,11
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=S24,414.1, BTMS(M)=S25, SUPERSEDE=ON
CONDENSER TYPE=TFIX, PRESSURE=240, TEMPERATURE=110
DUTY 1,1,-8.89596/2,23,7.34597
ESTIMATE MODEL=CONVENTIONAL, RRATIO=2.943
SPEC STREAM=S24,FRACTION, COMP=6,7,WET, VALUE=0.02
SPEC STREAM=S25,FRACTION, COMP=5,WET, VALUE=0.02
VARY DUTY=1,2
COLUMN UID=T-4, NAME=Debutanizer
FEED S26,16
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=S27,390, BTMS(M)=S28, SUPERSEDE=ON
CONDENSER TYPE=TFIX, PRESSURE=100, TEMPERATURE=110, TEST=110
DUTY 1,1,-8.56796/2,30,7.04198
ESTIMATE MODEL=CONVENTIONAL, RRATIO=1.834, CTEMP=110
SPEC STREAM=S27,FRACTION(LV), COMP=8,WET, VALUE=0.0025
SPEC STREAM=S28,FRACTION(LV), COMP=7,WET, VALUE=0.01
VARY DUTY=1,2
FEED 17,60
PRODUCT M=20
VALVE UID=V-3
FEED S22
PRODUCT M=S23
VALVE UID=V-4
FEED S25
PRODUCT M=S26
END
Gas Cooling
Process with Recycle Stream
TITLE
PRINT INPUT=NONE
DIMENSION ENGLISH, XDENSITY=SPGR
SEQUENCE PROCESS
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,CO2/2,C1/3,C2/4,C3/5,IC4/6,NC4/7,IC5/8,NC5/9,NC6
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=PR, SET=PR01
STREAM DATA
RATE(M)=1000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,1.39/2,85.92/3,7.73/4,2.45/ &
5,0.36/6,0.56/7,0.21/8,0.26/9,1.12
UNIT OPERATIONS
VALVE UID=V1
FEED 1
PRODUCT M=2
OPERATION DP=1600
HX UID=E1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=15
VALVE UID=V2
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=4
OPERATION DP=900
HX UID=E2
HOT FEED=4, M=5X, DP=5
OPER HTEMP=-20
FLASH UID=F1
FEED 5X
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC DP=0
END
Process with Broken Recycle
TITLE
PRINT INPUT=NONE
SEQUENCE PROCESS
COMPONENT DATA
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
5,0.36/6,0.56/7,0.21/8,0.26/9,1.12
PROPERTY STREAM=5, TEMPERATURE=-20, PRESSURE=1090, REFSTREAM=1
UNIT OPERATIONS
VALVE UID=V1
FEED 1
PRODUCT M=2
OPERATION DP=1600
FLASH UID=F1
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC DP=0
HX UID=E1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=15
VALVE UID=V2
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=4
OPERATION DP=900
HX UID=E2
OPER HTEMP=-20
END
MEK/Toluene Preheat
TITLE
SEQUENCE PROCESS
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,MEK/2,TOLUENE/3,WATER
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=NRTL, ENTHALPY(V)=SRKM, DENSITY(V)=SRKM, SET=NRTL01, &
DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=FEED, TEMPERATURE=190, PRESSURE=20, PHASE=M, &
RATE(M)=100, COMPOSITION(M)=1,19/2,80/3,1
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=FD
FEED FEED
PRODUCT V=VAPOR, L=S1
TPSPEC DP=1
SPEC STREAM=VAPOR, RATE(LBM/H),TOTAL,WET, DIVIDE, REFFEED, &
RATE(LBM/H),WET, VALUE=0.4
HX UID=HX
COLD FEED=S1, L=PROD, DP=1
DEFINE DUTY(BTU/HR) AS 1, MINUS, FLASH=FD, DUTY(BTU/HR)
END
Hydrocarbon-Water Phase Separation
TITLE
DIMENSION ENGLISH, LIQVOL=BBL
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,WATER/2,CO2/3,N2/4,C1/5,C2/6,C3/7,IC4/8,NC4/9,IC5/10,NC5
PETRO 11,CUT11,91,63.9999,180/12,CUT12,100,61,210/ &
13,CUT13,120,55,280/14,CUT14,150,47.9999,370/ &
15,CUT15,200,40.0001,495
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK, SET=SRK1
WATER SOLUBILITY=SIMSCI
WATER SOLUBILITY=KEROSENE
WATER SOLUBILITY=EOS
METHOD SYSTEM(VLLE)=SRKK, SET=SRKK
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=CRUDE, TEMPERATURE=150, PRESSURE=1000, PHASE=M, &
COMPOSITION(M,LBM/H)=1,3000/2,35/3,30/4,890/5,300/6,520/ &
7,105/8,283/9,100/10,133/11,165/12,303/13,560/14,930/15,300
PROPERTY STREAM=CRUDE_R1, REFSTREAM=CRUDE
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=DCNT-SIMSCI, KPRINT
FEED CRUDE
PRODUCT V=1V, L=1L, W=1W
ISO TEMPERATURE=300, PRESSURE=300
METHOD SET=SRK1
FLASH UID=DECANT-EOS
FEED CRUDE_R1
METHOD SET=SRK3
FLASH UID=DECANT-KERO
FEED CRUDE_R2
METHOD SET=SRK2
FLASH UID=RIG-SRKKD, KPRINT
FEED CRUDE_R3
METHOD SET=SRKK
END
TITLE
DIMENSION ENGLISH, PRES=ATM
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,IBUTANE/2,BUTANE/3,IPENTANE/4,PENTANE
ASSAY TBPIP=3
CUTPOINTS TBPCUTS=80.0006,460,21/1200,8/1600,4
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK, SET=SRK01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, TEMPERATURE=100, PRESSURE=1, PHASE=M, &
RATE(WT)=1000, ASSAY=LV
D86 STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, DATA=3,90/5,125/10,195/30,250/50,280/ &
70,310/90,390/95,418/98,430, TEMP=F
API STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, AVERAGE=54.2
LIGHTEND STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, COMPOSITION(M)=1,0.7/2,2.15/3,0.86/ &
4,3.58, PERCENT(LV)=5, NORMALIZE
UNIT OPERATIONS
$ *** NO UNITS ***
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
ASSAY TBPIP=3
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
70,310/90,390/95,418/98,430, TEMP=F
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED NAPHTHA_FEED
PRODUCT V=F1VAPOR, L=F1LIQUID
TPSPEC PRESSURE=0.8
SPEC STREAM=F1VAPOR, RATE(LBM/H),TOTAL,WET, DIVIDE, &
STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, RATE(LBM/H),TOTAL,WET, &
VALUE=0.8
FLASH UID=F2
FEED F1VAPOR
ISO DP=0.1
DEFINE TEMP(F) AS STREAM=F1VAPOR, TEMPERATURE(F), MINUS,18
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
ASSAY TBPIP=3
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
70,310/90,390/95,418/98,430, TEMP=F
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED NAPHTHA_FEED
TPSPEC PRESSURE=0.8
VALUE=0.8
FLASH UID=F2
FEED F1VAPOR
ISO DP=0.1
CASESTUDY OLDCASE=BASECASE, NEWCASE=CS1
PARAMETER ID=F1SPLIT, FLASH=F1, SPEC(1),STEP(ACT)=-0.1, CYCLES =1,5
RESULT ID=F2DUTY, FLASH=F2, DUTY(BTU/HR)
END
Phase Envelope
TITLE
SEQUENCE PROCESS
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,C1/2,C2/3,C3/4,IC4/5,NC4/6,IC5
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=S1, TEMPERATURE=150, PRESSURE=2500, PHASE=M, &
RATE(M)=100, COMPOSITION(M)=1,82/2,7/3,4/4,2/5,2/6,3
UNIT OPERATIONS
PHASE UID=PH1
EVAL STREAM=S1, LFRAC=0, IPLOT=OFF, CPLOT=1
EVAL STREAM=S1, LFRAC=0.05,IPLOT=OFF, CPLOT=2
EVAL STREAM=S1, LFRAC=1,IPLOT=OFF, CPLOT=5
END
Compressor Curves
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,C2/2,C3/3,IC4/4,NC4
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=S1, TEMPERATURE=15.499, PRESSURE=315, PHASE=M, &
RATE(M)=16500, COMPOSITION(M)=1,1.04/2,96.94/3,1.68/4,0.34
UNIT OPERATIONS
VALVE UID=V1
FEED S1
PRODUCT M=S2
HX UID=E1
HOT FEED=S2, V=S4, L=S5, DP=4.4
OPER DUTY=2
HX UID=E2
HOT FEED=S5, M=S6, DP=8.8
OPER HDTADEW=1E-15
MIXER UID=M1
FEED S4,S6
PRODUCT M=S7
COMPRESSOR UID=C1
FEED S7
PRODUCT V=S8
HEAD ACTUAL=900001,38000/1E6,37000/1.24E6,35299.9/ &
1.36E6,33100.1/1.43E6,27250
EFFICIENCY ADIA=900001,69/1E6,71/1.24E6,72/1.36E6,73/1.43E6,71
OPERATION CALCULATION=ASME
END
Debutanizer
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,H2/2,H2S/3,C1/4,C2/5,C3/6,IC4/7,NC4/8,IC5/9,NC5
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=LPG, TEMPERATURE=104, PRESSURE=270, PHASE=M, &
RATE(LV)=400, COMPOSITION(M)=1,0.3/2,0.2/3,0.7/4,5.5/5,28.5/ &
6,11.7/7,49/8,4.1
PROPERTY STREAM=NAPHTHA, TEMPERATURE=104, PRESSURE=270, PHASE=M, &
RATE(LV)=3200, ASSAY=LV
D86 STREAM=NAPHTHA, DATA=0,104/5,144/10,158/30,196/50,228/70,248/ &
90,284/95,311/100,329, TEMP=F
SPGR STREAM=NAPHTHA, AVERAGE=0.75
LIGHTEND STREAM=NAPHTHA, COMPOSITION(LV)=5,0.07/6,0.21/7,0.42/ &
8,3.24/9,6.06, PERCENT(LV)=10, NORMALIZE
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED LPG,NAPHTHA
PRODUCT L=CFEED
COLUMN UID=DEBU
FEED CFEED,15
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=OVHD, BTMS(M)=BTMS, SUPERSEDE=ON
CONDENSER TYPE=BUBB, PRESSURE=185
DUTY 1,1/2,32
PSPEC PTOP=190, DPCOLUMN=4.3
SPEC STREAM=OVHD, RATE(LBM/H), COMP=6,7,WET, DIVIDE, &
STREAM=CFEED, RATE(LBM/H), COMP=6,7,WET, VALUE=0.995
DEFINE PRODUCT(LBM/H)=OVHD AS STREAM=CFEED, RATE(LBM/H), &
COMP=1,7,WET
VARY DUTY=1,2
END
Rigorous Heat Exchanger
Part A
TITLE
DESCRIPTION
PRINT INPUT=NONE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,NC4/2,IC5/3,NC5/4,NC6/5,NC7/6,NC8
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK, TRANSPORT=PETR, SET=SRK01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=FD1, TEMPERATURE=70, PRESSURE=180, PHASE=M, &
RATE(WT)=550000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,15/2,14/3,16/4,22/5,13/ &
6,20
PROPERTY STREAM=BT1, TEMPERATURE=220, PRESSURE=120, PHASE=M, &
RATE(WT)=500000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,4/2,15/3,16/4,25/5,15/6,25
UNIT OPERATIONS
HXRIG UID=E1
TYPE TEMA=AES, ORIENTATION=HORI, FLOW=COUN, AREA=2295
TUBES FEED=FD1, M=FD2, BWG=14, NUMBER=600, PATTERN=60, &
PITCH=1.25, FOUL=0
SHELL FEED=BT1, M=BT2, ID=36
BAFFLE CUT=0.3, SPACING=24, INSPACING=24, OUTSPACING=24
SNOZZLE TYPE=CONV, ID=8,8
TNOZZLE ID=8,8
PRINT EXTENDED
OPERATION STEMP=162
END
Part B
TITLE
PRINT INPUT=NONE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,NC4/2,IC5/3,NC5/4,NC6/5,NC7/6,NC8
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK, TRANSPORT=PETR, SET=SRK01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=FD1, TEMPERATURE=70, PRESSURE=180, PHASE=M, &
RATE(WT)=600000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,15/2,14/3,16/4,22/5,13/ &
6,20
PROPERTY STREAM=BT1, TEMPERATURE=220, PRESSURE=120, PHASE=M, &
RATE(WT)=650000, COMPOSITION(M)=1,4/2,15/3,16/4,25/5,15/6,25
UNIT OPERATIONS
HXRIG UID=E1
TYPE TEMA=AES, ORIENTATION=HORI, FLOW=COUN, AREA=2295
TUBES FEED=FD1, M=FD2, BWG=14, NUMBER=600, PATTERN=60, &
PITCH=1.25, FOUL=0
SHELL FEED=BT1, M=BT2, FOUL=0.00393, ID=36
BAFFLE CUT=0.3, SPACING=24, INSPACING=24, OUTSPACING=24
SNOZZLE TYPE=CONV, ID=8,8
TNOZZLE ID=8,8
PRINT EXTENDED
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,N2/2,CO2/3,C1/4,C2/5,C3/6,IC4/7,NC4/8,IC5/9,NC5/10,NC6/ &
11,NC9
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=PR, DENSITY(L)=COST, SET=PR01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
COMPOSITION(M,LBM/H)=1,400/2,4230/3,32000/4,20000/5,16000/ &
6,1700/7,6200/8,2100/9,3600/10,3400/11,7000
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED S1,S7
PRODUCT V=S2, L=S3
ADIABATIC
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED S2
PRODUCT V=S4
HX UID=HX-1
HOT FEED=S4, M=S5, DP=5
OPER HTEMP=135
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED S5,S11
PRODUCT V=S6, L=S7
ADIABATIC
COMPRESSOR UID=C-2
FEED S6
PRODUCT V=S8
HX UID=HX-2
OPER HTEMP=135
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED S9
PRODUCT V=S10, L=S11
ADIABATIC
END
TITLE
DIMENSION ENGLISH, STDTEMP=60.0008, STDPRES=14.6959
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
CALCULATION RVPBASIS=APIN, TVP=100
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,CL2/2,C3H6/3,C3H5CL/4,HCL/5,C3H6CL2/6,C3H4CL2
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK, DENSITY(L)=COST, SET=SRK01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
RATE(M)=220, COMPOSITION(M)=2,1
RXDATA
RXSET ID=1
REACTION ID=1
STOICHIOMETRY 1,-1/2,-1/3,1/4,1
KINETICS PEXP=3.36E12, ACTIVATION=27.01, TEXPONENT=0
KPHASE DEFAULT=V
REACTION ID=2
STOICHIOMETRY 1,-1/2,-1/5,1
KPHASE DEFAULT=V
REACTION ID=3
KPHASE DEFAULT=V
UNIT OPERATIONS
CSTR UID=R1
FEED S1,S2
PRODUCT M=S3
OPERATION VOLUME=10, PRESSURE=70, TEMPERATURE=800
FESTIMATE 1,2.5
RXSTOIC RXSET=1
REACTION 1
REACTION 2
REACTION 3
END
Appendix B - Keyword (.INP) Files - Metric UOM
TITLE
DIMENSION SI, TEMP=C, XDENSITY=SPGR, STDTEMP=0, STDPRES=101.325
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
CALCULATION RVPBASIS=APIN, TVP=37.778
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,0.691931,98.889
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=INLET_GAS, TEMPERATURE=48.889, PRESSURE=1413.4, &
PHASE=M, RATE(GV)=47194.9, COMPOSITION(M)=1,1/2,1.6/3,72.5/ &
4,11.5/5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=17
OPERATION EFF=65, PRESSURE=3893.4
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
OPERATION CALCULATION=ASME, PRES=4238.2, EFF=72
HX UID=HX-1
HOT FEED=4, M=5, DP=34.474
UTILITY AIR, TIN=26.667, TEMPERATURE=37.778
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=43.333
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,0.691931,98.889
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
4,11.5/5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
UNIT OPERATIONS
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED 9
82 Appendix B - Keyword (.INP) Files - Metric UOM
PRODUCT V=10, L=11
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-1
HOT FEED=4, M=5, DP=34.474
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=43.333
HX UID=HX-2
HOT FEED=6, M=8, DP=34.474
COLD FEED=10, M=12, DP=34.474
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=5.5556
HX UID=HX-3
HOT FEED=8, M=9, DP=34.474
UTILITY REFRIGERANT, COMPONENT=5, TSAT=-30
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=-25
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=17
VALVE UID=V-1
FEED 11
PRODUCT M=13
OPERATION PRESSURE=1790.5
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,0.691931,98.889
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
4,11.5/5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
COMPOSITION(M)=4,2.5/5,97/6,0.5
UNIT OPERATIONS
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
CONTROLLER UID=CN1
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED 9
PRODUCT V=10, L=11
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-1
HOT FEED=4, M=5, DP=34.474
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=43.333
HX UID=HX-2
HOT FEED=6, M=8, DP=34.474
COLD FEED=10, M=12, DP=34.474
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=5.5556
HX UID=HX-3
HOT FEED=8, M=9, DP=34.474
COLD FEED=50, M=51
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER CLFRAC=0
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=17
VALVE UID=V-1
FEED 11
PRODUCT M=13
END
Chiller Plant -Part 4
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
PETRO 10,C6PLUS,,0.691931,98.889
PHASE VL=10
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
4,11.5/5,6.75/6,1.25/7,3/8,0.55/9,1.1/10,0.75
COMPOSITION(M)=4,2.5/5,97/6,0.5
UNIT OPERATIONS
COLUMN UID=T-1
FEED 13,1
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=14, BTMS(M)=15, SUPERSEDE=ON
DUTY 1,13
PSPEC PTOP=1480.3, DPCOLUMN=17.237
SPEC STREAM=15, TVP(PSIG), VALUE=235
DEFINE PRODUCT(LBM/H)=14 AS STREAM=13, RATE(LBM/H), COMP=1,3, &
WET
VARY DUTY=1
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED 2
PRODUCT V=4
COMPRESSOR UID=C-2
FEED 14
PRODUCT V=16
CONTROLLER UID=CN1
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED INLET_GAS
PRODUCT V=2, L=3
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED 9
PRODUCT V=10, L=11
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-1
HOT FEED=4, M=5, DP=34.474
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HTEMP=43.333
HX UID=HX-2
HOT FEED=6, M=8, DP=34.474
COLD FEED=10, M=12, DP=34.474
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=5.5556
HX UID=HX-3
HOT FEED=8, M=9, DP=34.474
COLD FEED=50, M=51
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER CLFRAC=0
MIXER UID=M-1
FEED 7,17
PRODUCT M=19
MIXER UID=M-2
FEED 16,12
PRODUCT M=18
PUMP UID=P-1
FEED 3,15
PRODUCT M=17
VALVE UID=V-1
FEED 11
PRODUCT M=13
END
Gas Cooling
Process with Recycle Stream
TITLE
PRINT INPUT=NONE
SEQUENCE PROCESS
COMPONENT DATA
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
5,0.36/6,0.56/7,0.21/8,0.26/9,1.12
UNIT OPERATIONS
VALVE UID=V1
FEED 1
PRODUCT M=2
OPERATION DP=11030
HX UID=E1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=8
VALVE UID=V2
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=4
OPERATION DP=6205
HX UID=E2
OPER HTEMP=-29
FLASH UID=F1
FEED 5X
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC DP=0
END
Process with Broken Recycle
TITLE
PRINT INPUT=NONE
$
$ Warning. Sequence switched to SimSci because insufficient
$ information was available to write the Alternate sequence.
$
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
5,0.36/6,0.56/7,0.21/8,0.26/9,1.12
PROPERTY STREAM=5, TEMPERATURE=-29, PRESSURE=7515, REFSTREAM=1
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED 5
PRODUCT V=6, L=7
ADIABATIC DP=0
HX UID=E1
CONFIGURE COUNTER
OPER HICO=8
HX UID=E2
OPER HTEMP=-29
VALVE UID=V1
FEED 1
PRODUCT M=2
OPERATION DP=11030
VALVE UID=V2
FEED 3
PRODUCT M=4
OPERATION DP=6205
END
MEK/Toluene Preheat
TITLE
SEQUENCE PROCESS
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,MEK/2,TOLUENE/3,WATER
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=NRTL, ENTHALPY(V)=SRKM, DENSITY(V)=SRKM, SET=NRTL01, &
DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=FEED, TEMPERATURE=88, PRESSURE=138, PHASE=M, &
RATE(M)=45, COMPOSITION(M)=1,19/2,80/3,1
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=FD
FEED FEED
PRODUCT V=VAPOR, L=S1
TPSPEC DP=7
SPEC STREAM=VAPOR, RATE(LBM/H),TOTAL,WET, DIVIDE, REFFEED, &
RATE(LBM/H),WET, VALUE=0.4
HX UID=HX
COLD FEED=S1, L=PROD, DP=7
DEFINE DUTY(KJ/HR) AS 1.05, MINUS, FLASH=FD, DUTY(KJ/HR)
END
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
ASSAY TBPIP=3
CUTPOINTS TBPCUTS=26.667,237.778,21/648.889,8/871.11,4
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, TEMPERATURE=37.778, PRESSURE=101.32, &
PHASE=M, RATE(WT)=453.593, ASSAY=LV
70,310/90,390/95,418/98,430, TEMP=F
TITLE
DIMENSION SI, TEMP=C, PRES=ATM, XDENSITY=SPGR, STDTEMP=0, STDPRES=1
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
ASSAY TBPIP=3
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
70,310/90,390/95,418/98,430, TEMP=F
SPGR STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, AVERAGE=0.762
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED NAPHTHA_FEED
TPSPEC PRESSURE=0.8
VALUE=0.8
FLASH UID=F2
FEED F1VAPOR
ISO DP=0.1
END
TITLE
DIMENSION SI, TEMP=C, PRES=ATM, XDENSITY=SPGR, STDTEMP=0, STDPRES=1
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
ASSAY TBPIP=3
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
70,310/90,390/95,418/98,430, TEMP=F
SPGR STREAM=NAPHTHA_FEED, AVERAGE=0.762
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED NAPHTHA_FEED
TPSPEC PRESSURE=0.8
VALUE=0.8
FLASH UID=F2
FEED F1VAPOR
ISO DP=0.1
CASESTUDY OLDCASE=BASECASE, NEWCASE=CS1
PARAMETER ID=F1SPLIT, FLASH=F1, SPEC(1),STEP(ACT)=-0.1, CYCLES =1,5
RESULT ID=F2DUTY, FLASH=F2, DUTY(KJ/HR)
END
Phase Envelope
TITLE PROJECT=TRAINING, PROBLEM=RETROGRADE C,
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,C1/2,C2/3,C3/4,IC4/5,NC4/6,IC5
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
RATE(M)=45, COMPOSITION(M)=1,82/2,7/3,4/4,2/5,2/6,3
UNIT OPERATIONS
PHASE UID=PH1
EVAL STREAM=S1, LFRAC=0, IPLOT=OFF, CPLOT=1
EVAL STREAM=S1, LFRAC=1,IPLOT=OFF, CPLOT=5
END
Compressor Curves
TITLE
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,C2/2,C3/3,IC4/4,NC4
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=S1, TEMPERATURE=-9.2, PRESSURE=2172, PHASE=M, &
RATE(M)=7485.01, COMPOSITION(M)=1,1.04/2,96.94/3,1.68/4,0.34
UNIT OPERATIONS
VALVE UID=V1
FEED S1
PRODUCT M=S2
HX UID=E1
HOT FEED=S2, L=S5, V=S4, DP=30
OPER DUTY=2.11
HX UID=E2
OPER HDTADEW=5.5556E-16
MIXER UID=M1
FEED S4,S6
PRODUCT M=S7
COMPRESSOR UID=C1
FEED S7
PRODUCT V=S8
HEAD ACTUAL=25485,11582/28317,11278/35113,10760/ &
38511,10089/40493,8306
EFFICIENCY ADIA=25485,69/283179,71/35113,72/38511,73/ &
40493,71
OPERATION CALCULATION=ASME
END
Debutanizer
TITLE
DIMENSION SI, TEMP=C, STDTEMP=0, STDPRES=101.325
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,H2/2,H2S/3,C1/4,C2/5,C3/6,IC4/7,NC4/8,IC5/9,NC5
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
STREAM DATA
PROPERTY STREAM=LPG, TEMPERATURE=40, PRESSURE=1860, PHASE=M, &
RATE(LV)=11.3, COMPOSITION(M)=1,0.3/2,0.2/3,0.7/4,5.5/5,28.5/ &
6,11.7/7,49/8,4.1
PROPERTY STREAM=NAPHTHA, TEMPERATURE=40, PRESSURE=1860, PHASE=M, &
RATE(LV)=90, ASSAY=LV
D86 STREAM=NAPHTHA, DATA=0,40/5,62/10,70/30,91/50,109/70,120/ &
90,140/95,155/100,165, TEMP=C
SPGR STREAM=NAPHTHA, AVERAGE=0.75
LIGHTEND STREAM=NAPHTHA, COMPOSITION(LV)=5,0.07/6,0.21/7,0.42/ &
8,3.24/9,6.06, PERCENT(LV)=10, NORMALIZE
UNIT OPERATIONS
FLASH UID=F1
FEED LPG,NAPHTHA
PRODUCT L=CFEED
COLUMN UID=DEBU
FEED CFEED,15
PRODUCT OVHD(M)=OVHD, BTMS(M)=BTMS, SUPERSEDE=ON
CONDENSER TYPE=BUBB, PRESSURE=1275
DUTY 1,1/2,32
DEFINE PRODUCT(LBM/H)=OVHD AS STREAM=CFEED, RATE(LBM/H), &
COMP=1,7,WET
VARY DUTY=1,2
END
TITLE
PRINT STREAM=ALL, RATE=M, FRACTION=M
DIMENSION SI, TEMP=C, PRES=BAR, STDTEMP=0, STDPRES=1.01325
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,NITROGEN/2,CO2/3,METHANE/4,ETHANE/5,PROPANE/6,IBUTANE/ &
7,NBUTANE/8,IPENTANE/9,PENTANE/10,HEXANE/11,NC9
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=PR, DENSITY(L)=COST, SET=PR01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
COMPOSITION(M,KGM/H)=1,180/2,1920/3,14520/4,9070/5,7260/6,770/ &
7,2810/8,950/9,1630/10,1540/11,3180
NAME S1,Feed/S3,Liquid Product/S5,HX-1 Outlet/S9,HX-2 Outlet/ &
S10,Vapor Product
UNIT OPERATIONS
COMPRESSOR UID=C-1
FEED S2
PRODUCT V=S4
COMPRESSOR UID=C-2
FEED S6
PRODUCT V=S8
FLASH UID=D-1
FEED S1,S7
PRODUCT V=S2, L=S3
ADIABATIC
FLASH UID=D-2
FEED S5,S11
PRODUCT V=S6, L=S7
ADIABATIC
FLASH UID=D-3
FEED S9
PRODUCT V=S10, L=S11
ADIABATIC
HX UID=HX-1
OPER HTEMP=60
HX UID=HX-2
OPER HTEMP=60
END
TITLE
DIMENSION METRIC, STDTEMP=0, STDPRES=1.03323
SEQUENCE SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,CL2/2,C3H6/3,C3H5CL/4,HCL/5,C3H6CL2/6,C3H4CL2
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK, DENSITY(L)=COST, SET=SRK01, DEFAULT
STREAM DATA
RXDATA
RXSET ID=1
REACTION ID=1
KPHASE DEFAULT=V
REACTION ID=2
STOICHIOMETRY 1,-1/2,-1/5,1
KPHASE DEFAULT=V
REACTION ID=3
KPHASE DEFAULT=V
UNIT OPERATIONS
CSTR UID=R1
FEED S1,S2
PRODUCT M=S3
OPERATION VOLUME=0.3, PRESSURE=5, TEMPERATURE=425
FESTIMATE 1,1.15
RXSTOIC RXSET=1
REACTION 1
REACTION 2
REACTION 3
END

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