Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

Course Outline, Fall 2010

AER 504: Aerodynamics

Instructor: Dr. Paul Walsh, Office: ENG 167, Phone: (416) 979-5000 ext. 7729 Email: paul.walsh@ryerson.ca Office hours: Tu 11am-1pm, W 10am-12pm AER 318, AER 416, CMN 432, MTH 309, PCS 213 Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 5th ed., J.D. Anderson, McGraw-Hill, 2011, ISBN 978-0-07-339810-5
(www.ryerson.ca/calendar/2010-2011/pg2572.html) Finite wings and effects of wing geometry, viscosity and compressibility. Aerodynamic forces on wings and bodies. Lift, drag and moment coefficients. Scalar and vector fields, stream function and velocity potential. Rotation; vorticity; circulation and lift. Sources, sinks, vortices. Fluid dynamics; substantive derivative, Euler and Bernoulli equations. Flow about a body, superposition of flows, doublets. Kutta-Jukowski theorem and Kutta condition. Thin airfoil theory, symmetrical and cambered airfoils. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Panel methods. At the end of this course, the successful student will be able to: 1. Demonstrate competence in the mathematics and engineering science of low speed fluid flow applied to aerodynamics. (1) 2. Apply appropriate knowledge to analyze and formulate a solution to low speed aerodynamic problems. (2) 3. Show knowledge of and skills in using engineering tools common in contemporary aerodynamic analysis. (5) 4. Work individually and as part of a small team to analyze and solve aerodynamic problems. (6) 5. Produce effective written communication using a coherent, logical and professional style with an appropriate format. (7) Note: Numbers in parentheses refer to the graduate attributes required by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board. For more information, see: http://www.feas.ryerson.ca/quality_assurance/accreditation.pdf

Prerequisites: Compulsory Text: Calendar Description:

Learning Objectives:

Course Organization:

3 hours of lecture per week for 13 weeks, in 1 section 2 hours of labs every other week for 10 weeks 4 Lab sections of maximum 20 students 2 Teaching Assistants, 2 sections per TA

Course Evaluation:

Mid Term Labs Final Exam TOTAL

20% 20% 60% 100%

Examinations:

Mid Term Test after 6th week, 2 hours, closed book Final Exam, during exam period, 3 hours, closed book

Course Content: Chap. Sections Hours Topic, description 1 1.2-1.7 6 Introduction to Aerodynamics. Fundamental aerodynamic variables; forces 2 2.2-2.7 2.102.17 3.2-3.18 8
and moment coefficients; center of pressure; aerodynamic center; basic aircraft dynamics, review of dimensional analysis. Mathematical Tools: Review of vector algebra, Scalar and vector fields, Gradient and scalar fields, Curl, divergence, line, surface and volume integrals; Gauss theorem, conservation of mass, momentum and energy; Laplace equation; vorticity; Irrotational flow; circulation. Inviscid, Incompressible Flow: Velocity potential, stream function, uniform flow, source/sink, superposition, and doublets, circular cylinders, vortex flow, cylinder with lift, conformal mapping and its applications, Kutta-Jukowski theorem.

4 5

4.2-4.13 5.1-5.4

2 7 7

Mid Term Exam

Incompressible Flow over Airfoils: Kutta condition, vortex sheets, thin airfoil theory, cambered airfoils and aerodynamic center, symmetric airfoils, real airfoils, starting vortex, panel methods, viscous flow, airfoil drag, and stall. Incompressible Flow over Finite Wings: Vortex filament, point vortex, Law of Biot-Savart; Helmholtz Vortex Theorem; Finite wings, downwash and induced drag; Prandtls lifting-line theory, numerical non-linear lifting line theory, winglets.

Laboratories: (a detailed schedule is available on the course Blackboard website) Weeks Title Wind Tunnel and Airfoil Drag Analysis 2,3 Pressure Distribution on the NACA 0015 4,5 Effect of Flaps and Slats 7,8 CFD Analysis of the NACA 0015 9,10 Airfoil Design using CFD 11,12 Important Notes:

Room KHE 33 KHE 33 KHE 33 KHE 71B KHE 71B

1. All of the required course-specific written reports will be assessed not only on their technical/academic merit, but also on the communication skills exhibited through these reports. 2. All assignment and lab/tutorial reports must have the standard cover page which can be completed and printed from the Department website at www.ryerson.ca/aerospace/undergraduate/ . The cover page must be signed by the student(s) prior to submission of the work. Submissions without the cover pages will not be accepted.

3. Should a student miss a mid-term test or equivalent (e.g. studio or presentation), with appropriate documentation, a make-up will be scheduled as soon as possible in the same semester. Make-ups should cover the same material as the original assessment but need not be of an identical format. Only if it is not possible to schedule such a make-up may the weight of the missed work be placed on the final exam, or another single assessment. This may not cause that exam or assessment to be worth more than 70% of the students final grade. If a student misses a scheduled make-up test or exam, the grade may be distributed over other course assessments even if that makes the grade on the final exam worth more than 70% of the final grade in the course. 4. Students who miss a final exam for a verifiable reason and who cannot be given a make-up exam prior to the submission of final course grades, must be given a grade of INC (as outlined in the Grading Promotion and Academic Standing Policy) and a make-up exam (normally within 2 weeks of the beginning of the next semester) that carries the same weight and measures the same knowledge, must be scheduled. 5. Medical or Compassionate documents for the missing of an exam must be submitted within 3 working days of the exam. Students are responsible for notifying the instructor that they will be missing an exam as soon as possible. 6. Requests for accommodation of specific religious or spiritual observance must be presented to the instructor no later than two weeks prior to the conflict in question (in the case of final examinations within two weeks of the release of the examination schedule). In extenuating circumstances this deadline may be extended. If the dates are not known well in advance because they are linked to other conditions, requests should be submitted as soon as possible in advance of the required observance. Given that timely requests will prevent difficulties with arranging constructive accommodations, students are strongly encouraged to notify the instructor of an observance accommodation issue within the first two weeks of classes. 7. The results of the first test or mid-term exam will be returned to students before the deadline to drop an undergraduate course in good Academic Standing. 8. Students are required to adhere to all relevant University policies including: Undergraduate Grading, Promotion and Acad. Standing, http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol46.pdf Student Code of Academic Conduct, http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol60.pdf Student Code of Non-Academic Conduct, http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol61.pdf Undergraduate Academic Consideration and Appeals, http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol134.pdf Examination Policy, http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol135.pdf Accom.of Student Relig., Abor. and Spir. Observance, http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol150.pdf Est.of Stud. Email Accts for Official Univ. Commun., http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/policies/pol157.pdf 9. Students are required to obtain and maintain a Ryerson Matrix e-mail account for timely communications between the instructor and the students. 10. Any changes in the course outline, test dates, marking or evaluation will be discussed in class prior to being implemented.

Prepared by: _________________________________ P.Walsh

Date: _________________________

Reviewed by: _________________________________ Date: _________________________ K.Behdinan