fcL
^s
LL.D.
fE. CAPPS,
L. A.
ph.d., ll.d.
l.h.d.
fW. H.
D.
ROUSE,
litt.d.
POST,
E. H.
WARMINGTON,
m.a., f.b.hist.soc.
THUCYDIDES
III
BUST
THUCYDIDES
WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY
IN
FOUR VOLUMES
III
WAR
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
CONTENTS
thucydides
Frontispiece
PAOI
BOOK V BOOK VI
181
maps:
Amphipolis
Sicily
To
face p. 11
At end
Siege of Syracuse
THUCYDIDES
BOOK V
0OYKYAIAOY I2TOPK2N
E
I.
Tov
(TTrovBal
KXipia 'AOrjvaloi AijXlov 9 aviarrjo-av i/c AijXov, rjyricrdfjLevoi Kara iraXaidv riva alriav ov kclOclpou? ovtcls [epcoaOai, Kai apua iXXnres ofyiaiv
elvai tovto tt}? fcaOdpaeco^, y irporepov puoi BeBrjXwrac co? aveXovres Ta? dijica<; rcov reOvecorcov
6p0a><;
ivopLio~av
Troirjaai.
^Arpapvrreiov <&apvaKOv
Bovtos
'Acrta Q>K7)(Tav, ovrws a>9 Kao~ro<; wpfirjro. ' II. KXecov Be AOrjvatovs ire'iaras e? ra iirl
kt)$
Spa-
ywpia i^eirXevae
vatcov puev 07rXtra? e^cov BiaKoatovs Kai %tA.tou? xal iirireas rpiaKoaiovs, rcov Be %vp,pi,ay<uiv irXetov^, vavs Bk TpuiKovra. a^wv Be e\ 2,KM*)vr)v irpwTov Kai 7rpoo-Xa/3(QV avroOev ere iroXiopKov pL&vqv OTrXiTas T(oi' cf)povpa>v, KareirXevcrev e? tov Kcocfebv Xipueva, rcov Topcovaicov dire^ovTa ov ttoXv t?}<?
1 The truce had really expired, according to iv. cxviii. 12, the 14th of the Attic month Elaphebolion (about the end of March), but hostilities were not renewed till after the Pythian games, which were celebrated in the Attic month Meta-
geitnion (latter half of August and first of September). This seems the most natural interpretation of Thucydides'
THUCYDIDES
BOOK V
I.
422
b.o.
and ended with, the Pythian games. 1 the suspension of arms the Athenians exDuring pelled the Delians from Delos, thinking that they had been consecrated 2 while in a state of pollution from some ancient crime, and besides, that they themselves had been responsible for this defect in the
tinued
which, as I have before related, they believed they had acted rightly in removing the And the Delians settled, accoffins of the dead.
purification, in
man chose, in Atramytteum in Asia, which had been given them by Pharnaces. II. After the armistice had expired Cleon persuaded the Athenians to let him sail to the cities in Thrace, with twelve hundred Athenian hoplites and three hundred cavalry, and a larger force of the allies, and thirty ships. And touching first at Scione, which was still under siege, and taking on from there some hoplites of the garrison, he then sailed down to the port of Cophus, which is not far distant
cording as each
3
language, but many editors render "The next summer the one-year's truce was ended and war was renewed till the
THUCYDIDES
3 7roX,eo)?.
on
etc 5' avrov, alaObfievos vv airofioXcov ovre BpaaiBas iv rfj Topcovrj ovre ol evovres dfybfiaypi elev, rfj fiev arparia rfj rre^fj i^copec * rbv 6? rr)v ttoXiv, vavs Be TTepLerrefi'tye BeKa e? Kal rrpb? to Trepireix^fia Xifieva rrepLirXelv.
rrp&rov
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acfyifcveirai,
BpaaLBas
Kal
avrb Uao-ireXiBas re
r)
apywv
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rrapovaa
(frvXarcr)
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2 dirdXiTTcov
'
Be
avrb Bp6fi(p i^copec e? rr)v iroXiv. ol AOrivalot, <f)Qdvovo~iv ol re drrb rcov vecov eXovT? rr)v Topo)vr)v Kal 6 7refo? emarrofievo? avroKara, rb Birjpr]fievov rod
^vvearreo-ajv.
(Soel,
rraXaiov rei^ov? Kal tou? fi(v drreKreivav rcav IleXoTTOVVTJO-LCOV Kal TopCOVaLCOV V0V<? V %pcrL, TOU5 Be aWa? eXaj3ov Kal Hao-ireXlBav tov apyovra.
BpaaiBas
Be
Be eftorjOei fiev
rfj
Topcovrj, alaOofievos
reacrapaKOvra
4
arroGyoov fidXtara araBiov? fir) (f>0do~ai 6 Be KXecov Kal ol AOrjvacoi rporrald re eXOoov. earrjaav Bvo, to fiev Kara rbv Xifieva, to Be rrpbs rep reiyicrfiari, Kal rcov Topcovalcov yvvaiKas fiev Kal rralBas yvBparroBiaav, avrov? Be Kal Ue\oTTOvvr}aiov<; Kal el ns aXkos XaXKiBecov r)v,
avexcoprjaev,
1
is
added by Bekker.
* al
added by Haacke.
BOOK
V.
ii.
2-m. 4
from the city of Torone. From there, on learning from deserters that Brasidas was not in Torone and that the inhabitants were not a match for him in battle, he advanced with his land-force against the city, but sent ten ships to sail round into the harbour. And first he arrived at the new wall which Brasidas had built round the city for the purpose of taking in the suburb, having pulled down a part of the old wall and made one city of Torone.
III. But Pasitelidas, the Lacedaemonian commander, and the garrison that was present came to the defence of this wall and tried to ward off the Athenian assault. But they were hard pressed and the ships that had been sent round were now sailing into the harbour so Pasitelidas, in fear that the ships might take the town, undefended as it was, before he could get there, and that if the new fortifications were carried he might be captured in them, left them and hurried back into the town. But the Athenians from the ships forestalled him and took Torone, and
;
their
first
land-force, following close upon him, at the assault dashed in with him at the breach in the
old wall. And they slew some of the Peloponnesians and Toronaeans on the spot in hand to hand fighting,
commander.
but others they took alive, including Pasitelidas the Brasidas meanwhile was coming to the relief of Torone, but learning on the road that it had fallen he retreated, having missed getting there in time by just about forty stadia. Cleon and the Athenians set up two trophies, one at the harbour, the other at the new wall, and made slaves of the women and children of the Toronaeans, but the men of Torone along with the Peloponnesians, and any that were Chalcidians, all together to the number of
THUCYDIDES
^vfiiravras 9 eirraKoalovs, aTrenrepi^rav e? ra$ teal avrots rb jxev 'AOrjvas' YleXoirovvrjaiov iv Tat? varepov yevo/juevats crrrovBals aTrrfXde, to
Be
5
aX\o
etcofiiaOr)
vtt*
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dvr
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%p6vov rrpoBoala.
/cat
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rrepieirXei
'Epao~LaTpdrov rplros avrbs 'AOijvalwv Tre/nrovrcov vaval Bvo is 'IraXlav Kal Si/ceXlav rrpeo-ftevrrjs vtto tov avrbv y^povov ef e2 rrXevaev. Aeovrlvot yap direXOovrcov AOrjvalwv i/c ^ifceXia? /act a rrjv ^v/x^aaiv rroXlras re irreypd^ravro ttoXXovs teal 6 Bijfjios rrjv yrjv eirevoei ol Be Bvvarol alaOofxevoi Xvpa3 dvaBdaaaOai. Koalovs re irrdyovrai Kal K/3dXXovo~L rbv Brj/xov. /cat ol fiev ol Be e7rXavr]0r]aav ojs e/caaror Bvvarol o/ioXoyijaavres XvpaKoalois teal rrjv ttoXlv e/cXnrovres Kal iprjfiooaavres XvpaKOvaas 4 irrl iroXirela q>Kr)o~av. Kal varepov irdXiv avroiv
6
.
IV. <&aia% Be
rives Bid rb
jjlt]
dpeaKeadai arroXirrovres
re,
rrjs
etc
rcov
rijs
%vpafcovcr(bv
QwKeas
7roXe(os
ri
Aeovrlvcov ywplov KaXovfievov, KaraXafiftdvovai Kal Tipt/civvlas, ov epvfia iv rfj Aeovrlvrj. Kal tcjv rod Brjfiov Tore eKireo-ovrcov ol ttoXXoI rjXOov a>s avrovs, Kal Karaardvres ck twv reiyfiv erroXe/Jiovv. a TrvvOavo/xevoi ol 'AOrjvaioi rbv ^ai'aKa neixirovaiVy et rrcos rrelaavres rovs afylaiv ovras
'
i.e.
in
8
cf.
BOOK V
in. 4-1V. s
seven hundred, they sent to Athens. There, however, the Peloponnesians were afterwards set free in the treaty that was made, but the rest were brought back by the Olynthians, being ransomed man for man. 1 About the same time Panactum,a fortress on the frontier of Attica, was betrayed to the Boeotians. As for Cleon, after setting a guard over Torone, he weighed anchor and sailed round Athos with a view
to attacking
Amphipolis.
IV. About the same time Phaeax son of Erasistratus and two others were sent by the Athenians with two ships on a mission to Italy and
For the Leontines, on the departure of the Athenians from Sicily after the general peace, 2 had enrolled many new citizens, 3 and the people were minded to make a redistribution of the land. But
Sicily.
the oligarchs, perceiving their intention, brought And over the Syracusans and expelled the people. the latter were scattered in every direction but the an agreement with the to oligarchs, coming
;
Syracusans and leaving their own city desolated, settled at Syracuse on condition of having the rights of citizenship. But later some of them, owing to
discontent, left Syracuse and occupied Phoceae, a quarter so named of the city of Leontini, and Bricinniae, a stronghold in Leon tine territory. These
being joined by most of the members of the popular party who had been expelled, they established themselves and carried on war from their strongholds. Hearing of this, the Athenians sent
Phaeax to see
their
8
if
own
allies there,
their benefit a
This was to strengthen the democratic party, and for new division of state lands was to be made.
THUCYDIDES
avrbQi %v p,p,dypv<$
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teal
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Stacrcocreiav
<>ai,ai;
'
rov
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tou?
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Kajbiapivaiovs ireiOet
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teal
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dvayjcp^aa^
d/ia iv
rfj
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iroXeatv i^prj/jbdriae irepl (piXias tch? 'AOrjvaiois teal ivTvyydvei tch? ite Meo-o-ijvTjs Aotepcov
iiroLteois
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ol
fierd
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2 riva
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teofii^o pbevois
Aotepols
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'ABrjvaLois, ovB' av Tore, el /ur) avrov? Karely^ev 2 teal 6 'iTrcovtds MeBpaiovs 7roA,e/uo?, Trpbs
e?
teal 6 fiev t&aial* opuopov? re ovra<$ teal diroiteovs. rds A6r)va<$ ^povw varepov d(f)LKTO.
ro7s of the
MSS. before ko/h(o/u.4vois deleted by Dobree. So corrected by Beloch with the help of coins MSS.
;
'iTWVtat.
BOOK
V.
iv.
5-v. 3
if possible, to make a common expedition against the Syracusans on the ground of their continual aggression, and thus save the people of Leontini.
Phaeax, on his arrival, persuaded the Camarinaeans and Agrigentines but since his undertaking did not prosper at Gela he did not go on to the other states, perceiving that he could not persuade them, but withdrew through the country of the Sicels to Catana, having visited Bricinniae on the way and encouraged its inhabitants. He then sailed back home. V. On his voyage along the coast to and from Sicily and in Italy he negotiated with certain cities
;
about friendship with the Athenians. He fell in also with the Locrian settlers who had been expelled from Messene for these, after the general agreement among the Siceliots, when the Messenians had fallen
;
into
discord
had called
in
the
Locrians, had been sent out as colonists, Messene thus coming for a time into the hands of the
Locrians. Falling in, then, with these when they were on their way home, he did them no injury, as an agreement had been made with him l by the Locrians for a treaty with the Athenians. For they alone of the allies, when the Siceliots became reconciled, made no treaty with the Athenians, nor would they have done so then if they had not been pressed by the war with the Iponieans and Medmaeans, who lived on their borders and were colonists of theirs. And Phaeax some time after this returned to Athens.
1
On
his
way
to Sicily.
THUCYDIDES
VI.
f
Be
KXecov
a>?
Tore airo
tt}<;
Topd)V7)<;
i/c
p>ev
7rpoa/3dXXec 'AvBpiwv
/cpdros.
ou^
elXe,
2 airoiKiav Xafiftdvei
a>?
Kara
Kal
Tre/Ayjras
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,
rjav^a^e
Tft)
irepi/JLevcov
ev ry 'Hlovi.
Bpao~iBa<; he
*
7rvv9av6fxevo<s
K.pSv\L(p'
7rl TroTa/uov ov 7roXv fieTecopov irepav tov direxpv tt}? ^ApbfyiTroXews, Kal KaTefyaiveTO Tcdvra avTodev, tocrre ovk av eXaOev avrov opjioofievos
iroo^creiv
avTov, ewl ttjv 'Afjb(f}i,7roXiv uireptBovTa acpwv to TrXrjdos Tjj irapovar) o~TpaTiq dva/37]o~ea@ai,4 dfia Be Kal irapecncevd^eTO pdfcd<; re fxiaOwTOv^ irevTatcooiovs Kal ^iXiov<; teal tov? 'HScoj/a? TrdvTCL? irapaKaXwv, 7reXTao~Ta<; Kal 'unreal' Kal MvpKiviayv Kal XaXKiBecov ^ik-Lovs ireXrao-Ta^ 5 el^e 777)09 Tot? ev 'A/jL(f)i7r6Xei. to 6" ottXitlkop ^vfiirav rjOpoicrdr] Bia^iXiOL fidXicrTa Kal lirirr)^ "EXXiives TpiaKQGioi. toutcov BpaaiBas fiev e^cov eirl KepBvXifp eKaOtfTO 9 irevTaKoaiovs Kal
XiXlovs, ol B' aXXoi ev ^Afi^tiroXei ueTa KXeaplBov erera^aTO. f VII. Be K\e&>i; T6<w9 fiev r^av^a^ev, eireiTa rjvayKaadr) Troirjcrai oirep 6 TSpaalBas irpOGe-
O
1
cf. iv.
lxxxviii. 2.
THUCYDIDES
f
VI.
rrjs
Be
KXewv
co?
'
Tore dirb
rrjs TopGovrjs
6pfl(jb/J,VO<;
/C
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'Hiovo? Xrayupa) fiev irpoa^aXXeL 'AvBplcov airoiKia /cal ov% elXe, raXrjyjrbv Be rrjv %aai(ov 2 airoiKiav Xa/jb/3dvei Kara Kpdros. /cal Trefjutyas
a><?
TlepBitc/cap
Trpecrfteis,
ottcos
',
rrapayevoiro
aWovs
afjovras
3
Tvapa,
UoWrjv
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&pa/cas
rjavxa^e irepnieimv ev rfj 'Hiovi. BpaalBa? Be ravra dvreKadrjro real ciuto? eVt * Tft) K.pBvXiO)' (TTL Be TO XCDpLOV TOVTO ApyiXl(OV eirl irorapov ov 7roXv /juereoopov irepav rod dire\ov t% 'Afi(f)i7r6XecD<;, koX Karefyaivero irdvra
7rvv0av6fxevo<;
avrodev, coare ovk av eXaOev avrbv opfMOfievos 6 KXewv tw arparw' oirep TrpoaeBexero iroirjcreiv avrbv, eirl rrjv A/jL(f)i7roXiv virepiBovra acpcov rb TrXfjOos ry rrapovar) (TTparta dvaflrjaeaOat,' d/xa Be Kai rrapea/cevd^ero Spa/cds re pbiadwrov^ rrevraKooiov^ Kal -%iXiov$ koX tou? 'HBwvas rrdvras irapaKaXwv, nreXraard^ koX lir-irea*;' /cal
'
^iX'tows TreXracrrd^ rb 8' ottXitlkov AiifynroXei. ^ufiirav rjOpoiaOrj Bia^iXioi fidXiara /cal itttt^ rovroav BpaaiBas fiev e^wv \jXX))V<$ rpiaicQGioi.
Mvp/cwL(ov
/cal
XaXKiBewv
'
eirl
KepBvXirp eKaOijro e? rrevraicoaiowz /cal XiXtovs, ol B' aXXoi ev 'AjuL^nroXet, uera K\eaplBov ererd^aro. f
VII.
O
1
rjvay/cdcrOr)
cf. iv.
IO
$dk$m
%i
0mw/i/j^
ailM
# '^, ?/.#
1
nus
ToDramm.
.,
-'
SMUtflHSip
Sirpnanic Gulf
/
Stan/bnft GeogtXttLb' londot
Modern Roads
Ancient Roads
1 Thracian Gate
Long Wall.
BOOK
V.
yi.
i-vn.
VI. Now when Cleon had sailed round from Torone to Amphipolis, as mentioned above, taking Eion as his base he made an unsuccessful attack 1 upon Stagirus, an Andrian colony, but did take by
storm Galepsus, a colony of the Thasians. Then sending envoys to Perdiccas, with a request to join him with an army in accordance with the terms of alliance, 3 and other envoys to Thrace to Polles, king of the Odomantians, to bring as many Thracian mercenaries as possible, he himself kept But Brasidas, on hearing of these quiet at Eion. things, took post over against him at Cerdylium. This place is in the territory of the Argilians, on high ground across the river not far from Amphipolis, and commands a view in all directions, so that Cleon could not move his army without being observed; for Brasidas expected that Cleon in contempt of the small numbers of the Lacedaemonians would go 4 At up against Amphipolis, with his present army. the same time he made further preparations, calling to his aid fifteen hundred Thracian mercenaries and all the Edonians, both targeteers and And cavalry. he had also of the Myrcinians and the Chalcidians one thousand targeteers, in addition to the troops in
Amphipolis. The whole body of hoplites collected by him was about two thousand in number, and he had three hundred Hellenic horsemen. Of these forces Brasidas took about fifteen hundred and stationed himself at Cerdylium ; the rest were posted at Amphipolis under the command of Clearidas. VII. Cleon kept quiet for a while, then was forced to do just what Brasidas had expected. For when
?
cf. iv.
i.e.
cxxxii.
1.
THUCYDIDES
2 he^ero.
tgov yap arpancorcov d^Oo/ievoyv fxev rfj e&pa, dvaXoy^o/xivcov Be tt)v e/ceivov r)ye/jioviav 777)0? olav ifjbTretpiav /cal ToX/xav fiera o'ia<; dveiri(TTTjiioavvi]^
/cal
fiaXa/cla?
clvtCo
yevr]aoiTO
ical
ol-
icoOev
a>9
atcovres
/cal
tov Opovv
Tft>
clvtS)
ical
KaOrj/jLevovs
/3apvvea0ai,
dvaXa/3cbv
ical
3 rjyev.
e? ttjv e? fid-
/jLcv yap ovBe ffkirivev ol eire^ievat ovBeva, Kara Oeav he fiaXXov e(pr) dvafiaiveiv tov ^oypiov,
ical
Tr\v fiei^a)
7TapaaK6vr)v
Trepte/Jbeivev,
ov%
<*>?
1
tw
a>?
dacfcaXel, rjv dvay/ed^rjTai, TrepLa^ijacov, dXX itoXiv. /cv/cXrp TvepicrTas fiia alpr]awv Tr)i>
iXOcov T /cal /caQLcras eVl Xocfrov /caprepov irpo Trj? 'A/MpLTToXecos tov aTparov, gtuto? eOectTO to
Xi/jLva)8e<;
eirl
Tjj
tov ^Tpvfiovos /cal tt)v 6eaiv tt}<; iroXerix; x dirievai Te evofju^ev, oj? e^ot. Spa/cy
/cal
yap ovhe
eirl
tov Tet%ou?
ovBeU ovre
iracrai.
/ce/cXyfievai T
yaav
&aT
ov/c dvr)X6ev eywv, d/xapTeiv eBo/cei' %civa<; otl e\elv yap dv tt)v itoXiv Bid to eprjpLov.
c
Be T$pao-i8a<; evOijs &)<? elBe klvovfievovs tov$ 'Adrjvauovs, /caTaftds ical ai/TOS diro
VIII.
tov
2 /cal
KepBvXiov iaep^eTai
e?
ttjv
'A/jUpiTroXiv.
eire^oBov p,ev /cal dvTLTa^iv ov/c eironjaaTo 7rpo? tou? 'AOijvaiovs, BeBicos ttjv ai/TOV irapa1
r))v &p<x><r\v
with CGc,.
12
BOOK
V.
vii.
i-viii. 2
the soldiers began to be annoyed at sitting still and what experito discuss the quality of his leadership ence and daring there was on the other side and what
incompetence and cowardice would be pitted against it, and how unwillingly they had come with him from home he became aware of their grumbling, and unwilling that they should be exasperated by remaining inactive in the same place, marched out with them. He adopted the same course in which he had been successful at Pylos and so had acquired confidence for he had no expectation that in his own wisdom anybody would come against him for battle, but he was going up, he said, rather to reconnoitre the place and in fact he was waiting for the larger force, not with a view to gaining the victory without risk should he be forced to fight, but to surrounding the town and taking it by force of arms. Accordingly he went and posted his force on a strong hill before Amphipolis, and was himself surveying the marshy part of the Strymon and the situation of the city in respect to the surrounding Thracian country, and lie thought that he could withdraw whenever he pleased without a battle for no one was visible on the wall or was seen coming out by the gates, which were all closed. He therefore thought that he had made a mistake in coming up without for he might have taken the storming-machines town, since it was undefended. VIII. But Brasidas, as soon as he saw the Athenians stirring, went down himself from Cerdylium and entered Amphipolis. But he did not march out and draw up against the Athenians, because he mistrusted his own force, believing them
cf.
ch. vi. 2.
*3
THUCYDIDES
(TKevrjV
koX vofil^cov v7roBeecrTepov<; elvai, ov tw irXi]6ei {avrtiraXa yap 7Tg>? r)v), dXXa rq> dgicofiari
(twi'
yap
/ea-
dapbv
e%r)X6e,
Kai
Arjfivicov
koX
lfi/3picov
to
TrapecrKevd^ero imdrjaoKpdriarov), Te'Xyrj el yap Bei^eie rofc evavriois to tc ttXtjOos 3 fievos. Kai rrjv ottXigiv avayicaiav ovcrav tcov fieO'
Be
eavrov,
4
ovk av rjyelro fiaXXov irepiyevkcrdai i) dvev irpob^eco^ re avrcov Kai fir) airb rod 6W09 diroXet-dfievos ovv avrbs irevKaracj)povr)ae(o<;. jrjKovra Kai eKarbv birXiTas, Kai tovs dXXovs
on Acopirjs fieXXere "Icoai fidxecrOai, cov elcoOare Kpetaaov^s elvai, dpKeirco /3paxecos BeBrj2 Xca/ievov ttjv Be eiriyeipi^Giv co rpoircp Biavoovfiai nroielaOai BiBdtjoo, iva fir] tw to Kar oXlyov Kai
Kai
fir)
eftovXevero liriyeipelv tov? 'AOrjvaiovs, ovk avrovs cnro\a(Selv avOis civ ofioico? vofii^cov ot ekOovcra avrois r) ftorjel rvx fiefiovcofievovs, 6eia. %vyKa\eo~a<; he tov? irdvra^ arpaTicoia^ Kai ftovXo/JLevos irapaOapcrvvai re Kai rrjv eirivoiav cppdcrai eXeye roidBe. IX. "*AvBpe<; tleXoTrovvrjcriOL, airb fiev oTa$ X^pas rJKo/jLev, on alel Bid to ev\jrvxov eXevOepas,
KXeapiBa
7rpoo~TaI;a<;,
alcpviBlcos,
irplv direXOelv
airavTas KivBvveveiv evBees (f>aiv6fievov droXToy? yap evavriov? eUd^co irapdo~xr). Karacppovijaei re rjficov Kai ovk av eXiriaavra^ a)? av eire^eXdoi ? avrols e? fidxyv, dvafirjvaL T6 7T/30? to %o)Otov Kai vvv aTaKTCo^ Kara Oeav oaris Be Ta? Toiavias 4 Terpafifievovs oXiycopelv. Kai dfia dfiaprias tcov evavricov KaXXicna IBcov
3 fiiav
14
BOOK V
to be inferior, not in
vin. a-ix. 4
they were about was in the field were Athenians of pure blood and the pick of the Lemnians and Imbrians. So he was preparing to attack by means of a stratagem for he thought that if he showed the enemy the number and the barely sufficient equipment of the troops with him he should be less likely to gain a victory than if they had no previous sight of his forces and did not look upon them with contempt from seeing their real character. Accordingly, picking out for himself one
but equal
numbers
as
;
in quality
hundred and fifty hoplites and assigning the rest to Clearidas, he determined to make a sudden attack before the Athenians withdrew, thinking that he could not again cut them off thus isolated if once So calling reinforcements should reach them. together all the soldiers, wishing to encourage them and explain his plan, he spoke to them as follows let it suffice to IX. " Men of the
:
Peloponnesus, remind you briefly from what manner of country we have come, that it has ever been free because of its courage, and that you are going to fight, Dorians
against Ionians, whom you have been accustomed to I will, however, explain to you in what vanquish. way I intend to make the attack, in order that my plan of fighting in detachments and not in a body may not seem to anyone poor tactics and thus cause discouragement. For I imagine that the enemy ascended the hill in contempt of us and because they could not have expected that anybody would come out
for battle against them, and now, with broken ranks and intent upon reconnoitring, are taking small Now when an assailant having most account of us.
enemy
also
makes
15
THUCYDIDES
7roo? T7jv eavTov Bvvap.iv ttjv eiriyjtip7]<Tiv iroielrai fiaWov /cal dvmrapafir] airo rov irpofyavovs
5
TrXelar
TayQkvTOS rj i/c rov 7r/3o<? to irapbv v/j,(f)6povTo<;, av opOolro' /cal rd /ckepupara ravra KaWlarrjv B6av e^et a rov iroXepnov fidXiar av rt? arrarrjaas toi>? <p>[,\ovs p,eyiar av &)<ee&>9 ovv en drrapdaKevoi Oapaovai /cal rov virarnevav rrXeov r) rov fievovros, i t&v e/iol
6 \rjO~eiev.
avrojv
rrjv
ri}?
yv(*)/J,7]<;
/cal rrplv
^vvraOyvac
/idXXov
/cal
Bo^av, iyco
fiev
ifiavrov
cfrOdaas, tjv
7 fieaov
Bvvco/Jiai,,
Trpocrireaovpiai Bp6p,q>
Kara
el/cb<s
to arpdrevp,a' av
KXeaptBa, varepov,
orav
Kara to
rov? aWovs %v pup,dxov<; aycov Ta? irvXas dvoi%a<; iTrexOeiv /cal eireiyeaOai &)? rdx^ra ^vfifielljai. iXirU yap fidXtara avrov<; ol/to)? <f>oj3r]6r}var to yap eirtbv varepov Betvorepov Tot? iroXep.ioi<; rov irapovros ical avros re dvrjp dyaObs yl/cal fiaxo/J-evov. ae ovra ^7rapridrr)v, ical vfiels, et/co? yvov, tbairep
al(f)i>iBi(os
to
avTOV?,
rov<z
fierd
aeavrov rov? r
avBpes
tju/jL/iaxot,
2
aKoXovOrjaare dvBpeiws,
/cal
vofiiaare rpia elvai rov /caXcos TroXe/ieiv, to eOe8 to?? apxovai Xeuv /cal to alax^veaOai /cal to
ireiOeaOai, /cal rfjBe vfilv rfj rj/nepa, rj dyaOofc v /cal AaiceBaiyevopbevois eXevOepiav tc vrrdpx^ J A0y]valcov re /ce/cXr}a0ai, r) poviwv
^vfijjidxoi^
tjv
BovXois,
1
Kruger's emendation for ^wrax^wai of the MSS. Omitted by MSS. but rightly restored by Stahl from ' Added by Kriiger. Stobaeus and schol.
2
16
BOOK
his attack
V.
ix.
4-9
in accordance with the force at his own not openly and in array of battle, but as disposal, may be advantageous under present circumstances, then he would be most likely to succeed. And those stratagems have won the highest credit by which a man most completely deceives the enemy and While, then, the Athenians, still helps his friends. unprepared, are full of confidence and are thinking, so far as I can see, more of withdrawing than of
staying where they are, while their tension of mind is relaxed and before they have got their thoughts
together,
surprise
I
will
take
my own
the
troops and
if
possible their
army.
moment you
see
me
pressing on and in
them, do you suddenly throw open the gates and at the head of your own men and the Amphipolitans and the rest of our allies rush out upon them and make all haste to close with them at once. In this
the best hope to put them in a panic comes up afterwards has always more terror for an enemy than that with which he is
way there
for
is
force that
As for yourself, shew yourself a already engaged. brave man, as becomes a Spartan and do you, men
;
of the allies, follow him bravely, and bear in mind that the three virtues of a good soldier are zeal, sense of honour, and obedience to his leaders and
;
that on this day there is in store for you, if you are brave, freedom and to be called allies of the Lacedaemonians or else vassals of the Athenians (if
THUCYDIDES
Oavarco(Tco<; Trpd^rjre, teal
r)
10
yeveaOai eXevOepcoo-ecos.
Setfo)
a\Xa
fi^re
t/yitei?
aycov
io~Tiv, eyco
fiaXare
ire-
toU
ttjv
Xa?
rj
ETre^ekOeLv"
X.
fiv
T$pao-iBa<;
roaavra
avrbs
teal
eirl
elircbv
re
e^oBov
puera
Trapea/cevd^ero
tov<;
aXXovs
rov KXeapiBa
tcaOiaTrj
ra? Qpatcias
fca\ov/j,iva<; TOiv irvXwv, oirox; &cnrep etprjro iir2 e^loiev. t&> Be KXecovi, cfcavepov yevopevov avrov
rfj iroXei,
ovarj
vaias 6vo/jl6Pov /cal ravra rrpdaarovTOS, dyyeXXerai {tt povKeyjApr)Kei yap tots Kara, rr/v Oeav)
on
T7J
r)
TToXei
t arparia diraaa cfravepa rcov nroXepiicov iv Kal VITO 7719 7rvXa<$ ITTTTCOV T6 TToBeS
ft)?
6%IOVT(OV V7T0(paiV0VTai,.
a>9 elBev,
Kal
ov j3ovX6pevo<;
fid^rj
r)Keiv
BiaycovlaaaOai irplv Kal olofievos cpOrjaecrOat direXOciiv, crrjpLaiveiv re dfia eKeXevev dva^coprjaiv Kal irapr]yyeXXe
to??
ol
diriovaiv
iirl
to
evcovvpov
eirl
4 puovov olov r
r)v,
vitdyeiv
t?}?
avT(p eBoKCL a^oXfj ylyveoSai, avrbs eTTLO-rpey\ra<i to Be^tbv Kal tcl yvpiva irpos tou? iroXepiov^ Sou?
6 dirrjye
kclv tovtg) BpaarlSas ft>? rrjv crrparidp. rov Kal to opa Kaipbv arpdrevpia ra>v *A6i]vaLa>v 18
BOOK
into slavery)
V.
ix.
9-x. 5
and that, too, in a harsher vassalage than you had before, while for the rest of the Hellenes you will prove a barrier to their liberation. Nay, then, seeing how much is at stake, do you on your part not play the coward and I, for my part, will show that I am not better able to exhort others than to carry out myself in action the advice
;
give to
my
fellows."
this brief speech, Brasidas himself prepared for the sally and placed the rest with Clearidas at the gate called Thracian, in order that they might come out to his support according to his orders. But he had been seen when he came down from Cerdylium, and again in the city which is in view from outside while sacrificing at the full temple of Athena and busied about these matters ;
X. After
and word was brought to Cleon, who had gone forward at that time for the reconnaissance, that the whole army of the enemy could be clearly seen inside the city, and the feet of men and horses in great numbers were visible under the gates, as
though ready for a sally. Hearing this Cleon came nearer and when he saw it, being unwilling to risk a battle before his reinforcements arrived, and thinking that he could get away in time, he gave orders to sound a retreat and at the same time passed along word to the troops as they set off to go to the left as alone was possible upon the road to Eion. But as it seemed to him this was being done too slowly, he himself wheeled the right wing, thus exposing the unarmed side x to the enemy, and began to lead
;
off his
army.
At
this
moment
i.e.
19
THUCYDIDES
Kivovfievov, Xeyei to?? fied' eavrov teal to?? dXXoi<} on "01 avBpes rjfias ov pevovo-iv Sr/Xot Be rcov T
Bopdrcov
rf] KivijcreL real rcov KecfraXcbv oh yap dv tovto ylyvr\Tai, ovk elwOaai [xeveiv tou? eTTiovras. dXXa rd$ re irvXas tj? dvoiyera) ifiol a? eiprjTai,
% Kal
eire^iwiiev a>?
rd^iara OapaovvTes"
ical
pep Kara, ra? iirl to aravpcopLa irvXas zeal Ta? TrocoTa? tov fia/cpou Tei^ou? roVe 6W09 ieX6cov 60et Spo/jLw ri]v 6Sbv Tavrrjv evOelav fjirep vvv Kara to Kaprepcorarov tov ywpiov Iovtl Tpoiralov
Kal irpoaftaXoov to?? ^AQ-qvaiois, irecpofir]T6 pkvois dfia Trj a(f)Tpa aTa^ia Kal ttjv ToXpav
eo-TT]fCt
avTod
to o'TpaTev/xa,
eXp^TO,
T<p
7 Tpeirer
Kal
KXeaplBas,
{bairep
a/xa
aTpaTw
Kal
8 dpL<f>OTpco6ev toi>?
to
fjuev
oirep
Kal irpovKe^odp^Kei, evOvs diroppaylv 6 RpaaLoas VTro-^copovvTO^ i]Bii avTov (Kal (p6vye eTTLirapLoov tw Be^iw TtTpcoaKCTai,, Kal ireaovra
A6)]vaioi ovk alaOdvovTai, 01 Be irXrjaiov dpavTes aTrrjveyKav), to Be Be^tbv tcov Kal 6 pev KXecov, co? 9 Ad-rjvcuow efieve fidWov. TO TTpOiTOV OV BlVOLTO fjLVLV, uOv<i (j>evyCOV Kal
avTov
'
'
01
puev
tov X6(f>ov tov T KXeaplBav jjfivvovTO Kal his r) ov irpoTepov eveBoaav Tpl$ irppQ-jSaXovTa, Kal
20
BOOK
:
V.
x.
5-9
J move, said to those immediately about him and to " These men will not stand the rest of the troops
they show it by the wagging of their spears and of their heads men who do that never await an attack. Somebody open the gates for me as I have ordered and let us boldly get at them as He went out then by the gate quickly as possible." that led to the palisade and by the first gate of the long wall, which was then standing, and advanced at full speed up the straight road where now, as one comes to the steepest part of the hill, a trophy stands, and attacking the centre of the Athenians, who were amazed at his audacity, as well as panicstricken because of their own disorder, he routed them. At the same moment Clearidas, as he had been ordered, went out at the Thracian gate and And so it came to pass bore down with his troops.
before us
; ;
that owing to tlie unexpected and sudden nature of the attack from both sides at once the Athenians were thrown into confusion ; and the left wing, on the side toward Eion, which had already gone some distance in advance, was at once cut off, and fled. (It was just when it began to retire that
who was pressing forward against the right wing, was wounded, and the Athenians did not observe that he had fallen, but those who were near took him up and carried him from the field.) The right wing of the Athenians stood its ground better. Cleon, indeed, as he had not intended from the first to stand his ground, fled at once, and was overtaken and slain by a Myrcinian targeteer but the hoplites, rallying at their first position on the hill, twice or thrice repulsed the attack of Clearidas, and did not
Brasidas,
;
i.e.
viii. 4).
21
THUCYDIDES
TTpiV f) T yivpKiVia KOI 7) Y^aXKlBlKT) llTlTOS KCU ol 7reXrao-ral irepiGTavTes icai iaaKovri^ovTe^
10
Br}
to o-rpdrev/jLa irav
77S77
twv Adrivaiwv (f>vybv %aXe7rc5? teal TroXXas oSot>? Tpairo/juevoi, Kara oprj, oaoi pur) Biecf)&dp7]o~av rj
avTLfca iv ^epenv
11
rr)i>
r)
virb
ttj<;
XaXtCLBi/crjs Xititov
'HtoVa.
/xa%?7? teal
12
ol Be tov l&paaLBav apavres itc tt)<; BiaawaavTe*; e<? ttjv iroXiv en epnTVOvv
/cal rjo-dero
iaefco/uLLaav
avrov, ov ttoXv Be BiaXiiroov ireXevrrjaev /cal r) aXXr) arparia dva^coprjo-aaa /xera, rov KXeapuBov etc T?}? 6^ft>fe&>9 vetcpovs re ia/cvXevae icai rpoiralov
CTTr]0~V.
Me-ra Be ravra rov BpaaiBav ol %vyb\Aaypi irdvres %vv oirXoi? iirio-TropLevoi Brj/j,oa[a eOa^rav iv rfj iroXei rrpo rr)<s vvv ayopa? ovo~rj<;' real rb
Xoiitov ol 'AfMJyiTroXtTai irepieip^avre^ avrov to re ivre/jLVOvai /cal Ti/j,a$ BeBcopbvrj fjbelov ct>9 tfpp
kclgiv ayobvas /cal irr)o~Lov$ dvcrLas, real ttjv diroi-
XL
Kiav
ft>?
ol/cio~rf}
2
TTpoakOeaav /caTafiaXovres ra
/cal acpavioravre^ el ri
'Ayvooveia
/jLvrj/jLoavvov
olfcoBojbLij/jbara
ttov
efieXXev
avrov
t?}<?
olfcLae<t)<$
irepieaeadai, vo/jbiaavres top fiev BpaaiBav o~a>rr)pd T acpobv yeyevr)a6av teal iv rep irapbvri dfia ttjv rcov Aa/ceBai/jLOVLcov gvpLfxaxlav 4>6/3<p rcov
'Adr]vaia)v deparrevovres, rov Be Ayvwva Kara to TToXepuiov Ttov 'AOrjvaiwv ovtc av OfioLco? cr<j)icri teal ovB* av r)Beco$ Ta? Ti/xa? eyeiv. %vfi<f)6pa)<;
2 tou? vefcpovs rots 'AOrjvaiois aireBocrav.
1 e
direOavov
5^, Kriiger's
MSS.
22
BOOK
V. x. 9-X1. 2
give way till the Myrcinian and Chalcidian horse and the targeteers, who surrounded and hurled javelins Then at last the whole at them, put them to flight. Athenian army took to flight, making their way with difficulty and by many routes over the hills, until all that were not destroyed finally the survivors either at once in hand to hand conflict or by the Chalcidian horse and targeteers got back to Eion. Brasidas was taken up by his followers and carried safely from the battlefield to the city, still breathing; and he learned that his men were victorious, but after a little interval he died. The rest of the army, after returning with Clearidas from the pursuit, despoiled the dead and set up a trophy. XI. After this all the allies gave Brasidas a public burial in the city at a spot facing what is now the
market-place, following his body in full armour. And the Amphipolitans fenced in his monument and have ever since made offerings to him as a hero, giving honours and instituting games and yearly sacrifices. They also adopted him as founder of the colony, pulling down the edifices of Hagnon and obliterating whatever was likely, if left standing, to be a reminder of his settlement, 1 for at the present moment they courted the alliance of the Lacedaemonians through fear of the Athenians, thinking Brasidas to have been
their saviour, whereas Hagnon, in consequence of their hostile attitude towards Athens, would not in
like
manner
witli benefit to
self.
1
receive their honours either themselves or with pleasure to himThe dead they gave back to the Athenians.
as before
iv. cii. 3, 4.
cf.
2
i.e.
as formerly,
when
their relations with Athens were " may be, bo advantageously for
*3
THUCYDIDES
y
Be
tlcov
A07]vai<DV fxev irepl e%aicoo~lovs, twv B* evaviirrd, Bia to firj etc irapaTa^ew*;, diro Be
3 yjqv jiev
TOiavTr)<; ^vvivyla*; ical irpoe/c(f)ol3yae(o<; ttjv fidpuaXXov yeveaOai. pueTa Be ttjv avaipeaiv ol
en ol/cov direirXevaav, ol Be fiera tov KXeaplBov ra irepl ttjv *Ap,(j)LiroXiv tcadlaTavTO. XII. Kat virb rov<z avrovs y^povovs tov Oepovs Te\evT(ovro<; Pa/x0ta? teal AvToyaptBa<; ical 'Ririf
(3oi]6ei,av
ra
eirl
Sparer]?
ical
ywpla
acfutco-
oitXltcov,
p,evoi
2 ti avTOis
fcaXoos eyeiv.
evBtaTptfSovTcov
Be
avTWV eTvyev
ereXevra. XIII. Tov 8* eiriyiyvopevov yeipuSyvo? evOv? fie%pL p,ev Uiepvov ttj<; eaaaXia? BirjXOov ol irepl tov 'PafiQiai't kcoXvovtwv Be twv SeacraXwv ical
6epo<;
dpea JSpaaidov T0vea)TO<;, aurep rjyov ttjv o~TpaTidv, direTpdirovTO eir* otrcov, vopLiaavTes ovBeva ' icaipov T(, elvai, twv t AOrjvalwv rjao-r) direXr]-
XvOotcov
2
ical
ovtc
p,dXiaTa Be dirrjXOov elBores tov? AaKeBaip,oviov$, ot e^fjaav, irpbs tt)v elprjvrjv piaXXov tt)v yvoopLrjv eypvTas. XIV. "Evveftrj t evOvs peTa Ti]V ev 'ApcfriiroXei
icd/ceivos eirevoei.
&V
p^dyiiv ical tt)v 'Fapicfrlov dvayo^pr^aiv etc SeaaaXla<; wcrT6 iroXepLOV piev puiiBev eTi d^aadat pbrjBeTepovsy 77-009 Be ttjv elprjvrjv pdXXov ttjv yvcopLTjv
elyov,
'AOiivaloi
irXijyevTe?
eirl
T tco
24
BOOK
About
V.
xi.
2-xiv.
six hundred of these had been killed, but of their adversaries only seven ; for the fight had been made, not as a regular battle, but as the result of such an accident and previous panic as has been
After taking up the dead the Athenians back home, but Clearidas and his followers remained and set in order the affairs of Amphipolis. XII. About the same time, towards the close of this summer, Rhamphias, Autocharidas, and Epicydidas, who were Lacedaemonians, were on their way with reinforcements, consisting of nine hundred hoplites, to the strongholds in Thrace, and arriving at Heracleia in Trachis they set in order whatever seemed to them amiss. It was while they were
described.
sailed
Brasidas, to whom they were bringing the army, was now dead, they turned back homeward. They thought the favourable moment was past, for the Athenians had gone away in consequence of their defeat, and they were not competent by themselves to carry out any of Brasidas' plans. But the chief reason for their return was that they knew that the Lacedaemonians, at the time when they set out, were more than ever inclined to peace. XIV. It so happened, too, that directly after the battle at Amphipolis and the withdrawal of Rhamphias from Thessaly neither side undertook any further military operations, and both were more inclined to peace. The Athenians were so inclined because they had been beaten at Delium, 1 and again
staying there that the battle at Amphipolis occurred and so the summer ended. XIII. As soon as winter came on Rhamphias and his followers advanced as far as Pierium in Thessaly but as the Thessalians hindered their progress and
*5
VOL.
III.
THUCYDIDES
oXiyov avdt? iv 'A/icfinroXei, Kal ovk e%o^T9 TTjv iXirlBa T?j? poofir}*; TTiarrjv en, fjirep ov nrpoaeBe^ovTO irporepov ra? anrovBas, BoKOvvres rfj irapovarj evTvyla Kadvireprepoi ye2 vrjaeaOai (real tou? ^/x/xa%ou? a/ia iBeBiaav
Bia ra a^aXfiara iiraipo/JLevoL iirl irXeov /jlt) airoo-raxTt, fierefieXovro re fiera ra iv TivXw 3 feaXtos irapaayov ov %vve(Br]aav), ol S' av Aa/cea(f}(bv
AtjXlq) Kal BC
on
haijJLovLOi
irapa
'
tov
7roXe/JLOV,
iv
AOrjvaLcov Bvvafiiv el ttjv yr\v re/ivoiev, Trepnreaovres Be rfj iv rfj vrfaa) gv/JL<f>opa,
ovttw iyeyevrjTo
rr}
^irdprrj, fealXrjaTevofjLevrjf;
t^5 TLvXov Kal Kvdrjpcov, avro/xoXovvrcov T tcov I&lXojtcov Kal alel irpoaBoKia? over)*; fit] tl Kal ol virofievovre? Tot? ef&) itigvvoi ra, irapovra acpLacv, wo-irep Kal irporepov, 7T/30? veajrepiacocnv' %vvefiaive Be Kal 7r/>09 tou? *Apyeiov? avrois ra<; TpiaKovrovreis cnrovBa? eV i%6Bw elva*, Kal aXXa<; ovk rjOeXov crirevBeadai ol 'Apyeioi, el p,rj ris avrois ttjv K.vvovpiav yrjv enrottjs %co/oa? i/c
'
elvai ifyaivero ^Apyelois koX AOrjvaioL^ a\xa iroXep-etv), rwv re iv UeXoiroviroXeoiv vironrievov Tivas airoaTrjcreaOai vr}o-(p tov<; 'Apyeiovs, oirep Kal iyivero. 7rpo? XV. TaOr' ovv a/jL(f)OTepoi<; avTols Xoyu^o pivot? iBoKei TroirjTea eivai rj ^vfi^aat?, Kal ovx rjacrov
Bcoaei
(aBvvara
8'
Stahl's
emendation
MSS.
i.e.
those
who had
The great
senian
War;
cf. I. ci.-ciii.
26
BOOK
at
V. xiv. i-xv.
Amphipolis a little later, and consequently had no longer that confidence in their strength in reliance upon which they had earlier refused to accept the truce, as they then thought that with their existing good luck they would prove superior. They were afraid, too, of their allies, lest, elated over
these failures of theirs, the revolt among them might spread, and they repented that they had not come to terms when a good opportunity offered after the affair The Lacedaemonians, on the other hand, at Pylos. favoured peace because the war was turning out conThey had expected that in trary to their hopes. a few years, if they should ravage their territory, they could pull down the power of the Athenians whereas they had met with the calamity on the island of Sphacteria, such an one as had never before befallen Sparta their territory was ravaged from Pylos and Cythera the Helots were deserting, and always there was apprehension that those who 1 remained, relying on those beyond the border, in the state of revolt as affairs, just present might 2 It happened also that the they had done before. thirty years' truce with the Argives was on the 3 point of expiring, and the Argives were unwilling to make another treaty unless the territory of 4 were restored to them and it seemed Cynuria impossible to carry on the war with the Argives and the Athenians at the same time. Besides, they suspected that some of the cities in the Peloponnesus would revolt to the Argives, as indeed did
; ;
happen.
thought
3 It expired the next year (rf. ch. xxviii. 4 dated from 457 b.o. cf. iv. lvi. 2.
and therefore
*1
THUCYD1DES
rots Aa/ceBaip,ovLoi<;, eiriOvp,ia rcov dvBpcov rcov
T779 vrjaou
e/c
ol
^rcapridrai
%vyyevel<$.
rrjv
ofxoiws
evOv<;
acplac
p.era
ciXwaiv
avrow
Trpacraeiv,
a\V
rfj Xarj
/caraXveaOai.
acpaXev-
rw AtjXlw
rrapaypijjjia ol Aa/ce-
ypovov fiovXever}o~aa
XVI.
y
^YmeiBr)
Be /ca\
r\
ev 'AficpiTroXei,
rot?
/cal
KXecov re
'BpaaiSas, olrrep dp(f>orepcoOev pudXiara r)vavriovvro rfj elprjvy, 6 fiev Bia rb evrvyelv re /cal
rifidaOai
i/c
rov
ra
p,dXio~r
avrrjv
HXeiaro-
dvat; re 6 Ylavaaviov, f3ao~iXev<; Aa/ceBai/novicov, ical Nt/c/a? 6 Nc/crjpdrov, rrXelara rcov rore ev
(pepo/ievo?
ev
6r)<;
1
ical
rjjfiovro,
BiaaooaaaOai
rrjv evrv)(lav,
the better MSS.; Hude reads 5^j. a The Stahl deletes vulgate has naXiara tV rjycfioviau The vulgate would Tiye^ioviau and corrects tV to avr-f^y. " mean then those who in either country were most de." sirous of taking the lead, namely
So
all
28
BOOK
V. xv. i-xvi.
especially the Lacedaemonians, because of their desire to recover the men captured at Sphacteria
;
Accordingly, they began negotiations directly after their capture, but the Athenians were not at all inclined, as long as they were getting on well, to make a settlement on fair terms. When, however, the Athenians were defeated at Delium, the Lacedaemonians knew immediately that they would now be more ready to accept offers, and they concluded the truce for a
year, during
for the Spartiates among these were rank and all alike kinsmen of theirs. 1
men
of high
which they were to come together and consult about a treaty for a longer period. XVI. But when the Athenians had met defeat at Amphipolis also and botli Clcon and Brasidas had been killed the men who on either side had been most opposed to peace, the one because of his success and the reputation he had derived from the
commands men who had most zealously supported the cause of peace each in the interest of his own state urged this course with greater zeal than ever. Nicias wished, while his record was still free from disaster and he was held in esteem, to pre-
war, the other because he thought if quiet were restored he would be more manifest in his villainies and less credited in his calumnies then it was that Pleistoanax son of Pausanias, king of the Lacedaemonians, and Nicias son of Niceratus, who had been of all the generals of his day most successful in his
The Spartiates descent, they were Or reading, with the closely connected by intermarriage. schol., -fiaav yap ot ^.irapTiarai avrwv ktA., "for there were among them some Spartiates of the first rank and related to the most distinguished families."
i.e.
of the
Lacedaemonians
;
in authority.
formed a clan
besides
their
common
29
THUCYDIDES
teal ? teal
teal
avT09
tovs ttoXitcls nravaai, /cal r& fiiXXovTi xpovq) /caraXnretv ovofia &>9 ovBev atyrjXas rrjv ttoXlv
Sieyevero, vo/xl^cov
(Baiveiv
/cal
etc
%v/j,-
oottls
BLBwai, to Be ciKivhvvov rr)v elprjvqv Trape^eiv UXeiarodva^ Be vtto tusv eyOp&v 8iaf3aXX6p,evo<;
irepl
tt)<z
xaOoSov
teal e?
evOvpiav
tol<$
Aa/ceBai-
avroov, Snore tl
2 firjOelcrav
rr)v
ravra
%vp,(3aivoi.
rr)v
yap
ev
AeX(f)OL<z
iTrrjTLWVTO
avrbv
'Kpio-TOfcXeovs rov dBeX(j)0v ware %pr\aai Aa/ceBat/ubovlois iirl ttoXv rdBe Oecopols dcfri/cvov/jLevoi*;,
rj/jLtOeov rb airepfxa etc rrj<; dXXorpia? e? eavrcov rrjv dvafyepeiv el Be fir), dpyvpea evXd/ca, 3 evXa^elv %p6v(p Be rrporpe-^rai rou? Ad/ceBac-
Aio? vlov
jjioviovs
cfrevyovra
avrbv
etc
ava^a)-
prjaiv Kal tf/juav rr)<$ oliclas rov lepov tots rov At09 ol/covvra <po/3(p tw Aa/ceBaijjLOVicov, eret evbs
ofto'iois
%o/oo9
/cal
dvcriais
Karayayelv
wo-irep ore
1 i.e. as the sehol. explains, there would be a pestilence, and they would buy food at a very high price, as it were
using silver tools. 2 427 B.C., since he had exiv. 2 and 11. xxi. 1.
left
cf. I.
30
BOOK
V. xvi. 1-3
serve nis good luck to the end, and not only at present both to rest from toil himself and to give his fellow-citizens a rest, but also to hand down to after times a name as of one who had lived his life
through without injuring the state and he thought that a man might achieve such a result by keeping out of danger and by least exposing himself to the caprices of fortune, and that it was peace only that offered freedom from danger. Pleistoanax, on the other hand, was for peace, because he was constantly maligned by his enemies about his return from exile, and because, whenever any reverses occurred, he was always spitefully recalled to their
;
thoughts by these persons as though these misfortunes were due to his illegal restoration. For they charged that he, along with his brother Aristocles, had bribed the priestess at Delphi constantly to answer the Lacedaemonians, whenever " they came to consult the oracle Bring back of seed of the the demigod, son Zeus, from the otherwise you shall foreign land to your own 1 and that in plough with a silver plough-share" course of time she had induced the Lacedaemonians to bring him back from banishment in the twentieth 2 year with like dances and sacrifices as when at the founding of Lacedaemon they had first enthroned their kings. For he had fled for refuge to Mt. 3 Lycaeum, on account of his retreat from Attica, that was thought to be due to bribery, and through fear of the Lacedaemonians had occupied at that time a house whereof the half was within the
:
sanctuary of Zeus.
8
of Zeus.
THUCYDIDES
XVII.
'A)d6/JLvo<;
ovv
T7j
8ia/3o\r}
Tavry
/cal
vo/jlI^cov iv elprjvr] puev ovhevhs acpdXfiaro^ yiyvofxevov /cal cipa rcov Aa/ceBaipLOvlcov tovs avhpas
fCO/jLL^OjjLePCOV KCLV
dUTO? TOLS e^#y009 dveiTlXrj'JTTOS he /caOearcoTo*; alel dvdy/cr]v elvai elvai, iroXe/iov
TOl/? TTpOVXOVTCLS OLTTO TO)V fjv/JLcfropCJP
hiaftaXXe-
T xeifiojva tovtov yaav 9 \6yovs, ical to eaptfhrj Trapaa/cevr) re irpoeiraveaeloQi] dirb 777309 tcov AarceSaifiovicov, rrepiayyeXXo/jLevrj /card iroXea
&)?
Kal top
e? iircreL^i-a/jLOv,
6Vft)?
i/c
ol
A6 qvalot
/mclXXov
^vveywpelTO
eayov dirohovTas ttjp S* Nlaacav iroielaOai, eyeiv 'AOrjvaiovs lp/]V7)v {dvTairaiTOvvTWV yap TlXdraiav ol r){3aiOL e(pae/cdrepoi,
ware d
iroXep^u)
aav ov
/3la,
'AdrjvaloL
eyeiv to ywp'iov, real ol rporrw rrju Niaaiav), rore hrj irapa/caXeaavTes tovs eavrcov ^vpLfid^ov^ ol Aa/cehaiptovioi /cal ^]rr)(f)ccrap,evcov ttXtjv Hohqtcov /cal
Tft)
Y^opivQiwv /cal 'IlXelcov /cal ISleyapeoov twv aXXcov ware /caraXveaOai (tovtois he ov/c ypea/ce rd
TTpaaaofJLeva), iroiovvTai rrjv ^vfjufBacnv /cal eairei-
aavro
1
'
7T/90?
tou?
AOrjvaiovs
iirl
rfixwpl* of MSS.
in.
lii.
cf.
~*. lxix.
cf.
2.
32
BOOK
V. xvii. 1-2
XVII. Vexed, therefore, by this calumny, and thinking that in time of peace, when no calamity would occur and, moreover, the Lacedaemonians would be recovering their men, he himself would not be exposed to the attack of his enemies, whereas so long as there was war it must always be that the leading men would be maligned in the event of any misfortunes, he became very ardent for the agreement. During this winter they kept attending conferences and toward spring there was a menace of warlike preparation on the part of the Lacedaemonians, orders being sent to the cities as though for the erection of a fortress to overawe the territory of the Athenians, that they might be more inclined to listen to terms and at the same time as the result of their conferences, in which each party had filed many claims against the other, an agreement was finally reached that they should make peace, each party to restore to the other the territories which they had gained by war, though the Athenians were
;
;
keep Nisaea. (For when they had demanded back Plataea, the Thebans protested that they had obtained possession of the place, not by force, but because the Plataeans had come over to them by 2 and the agreement and not through betrayal Athenians claimed to have obtained Nisaea in the same way.) At this time the Lacedaemonians summoned their own allies, and when all the rest had
to
1
;
voted
to stop hostilities, except the Boeotians, to whom the Corinthians, Eleans, and Megarians
agree-
ment, ratifying it by libations and oaths with the Athenians, and the Athenians with them, on the following terms
:
33
THUCYDIDES
XVIII. " %7rovSa<;
AaKeSac/xoviot
w/jLoaav
'*
'
iiroirjaavTO
^vfipba'yoi
AOrjvaioi,
zeal
teal
/cat
ol
Kara rdBe,
Kara
TroXeis.
l
Kal fxavreveadai Kal decopeiv Kara ra irdrpia rbv ftovXofievov Kal Kara, <yrjv Kal Kara OdXaaaav
abecos.
"To & lepbv Kal rbv veoov rbv ev AeX<j)oU tov 'AttoXXcovos /cal AeX^ou? clvtovo/jlovs elvav Kal avToreXels /cal avroBiKovs Kal aino)v Kal tt}? 7?}? t?)? eavroiv Kara, ra rrdrpia. ""Et?7 Be elvai ra9 airovBds irevTrjKovTa 'Adrjvaiois Kal to?9 ffyLtyu,a%Oi? Tot? 'AOrjvaicov Kal AaKeBaifioviois Kal rots fv iifidypvs to?? AaKeBaifiovicov dBoXov? Kal a/3\a/Set? Kal Kara yrjv
Kal Kara OdXacraav.
Be fir) e^earco eincfrepeiv eirl tttj/jlovt} AaKeBaip,ovlov<; Kal tovs ^vpL/jud^ov^ eV AOrjva'iovs Kal tou? ^vpLpLa^ov^ firjre AOrjvaLOvs
'
""OirXa
p,i)Te
'
Kal Tou?
r)v
^uyLtyLta%ou9 eirl
pbrjTe
%VjjL/JLd'Xov<;,
re^vrj
fj
dXXrjXovs, Sixain XpijcrOcov Kal opKOis, Ka6 6 tl av ^vvOayvrai. " AttoBovtcov Be AdrjvaioLs AaKeBaifiovioi Kal
Bcdcj)opov
'
Be
ti
7T/)o?
'
ol ^v/n/jLa^ot
Boaav
oiTOb
'
av
'
fiovXwvrai
t<X9
avrovs
Kal
ra,
eavrwv
<f>6pov
Be
TroXeis
'
<j)epovo-a<;
rbv
Apio~TiBov
fto"T&>
1
MSS.
34
BOOK
V.
xvm. 1-5
XVJII. "The Athenians and the Lacedaemonians and their respective allies have concluded a treaty and sworn to it state by state upon the following terms 1 1. "With regard to the common sanctuaries, whoever wishes may offer sacrifices and consult the oracles and attend as a deputy according to the customs of the fathers, both by land and sea, without fear. 2. "The precinct and the temple of Apollo at Delphi and the people of Delphi shall be independent, having their own system of taxation and their own courts of justice, both as regards themselves and their own territory, according to the customs of the fathers. " The truce shall be in force for 3. fifty years between the Athenians and their allies and the Lacedaemonians and their allies, without fraud or hurt, both by land and sea. " It shall not be lawful to bear arms with harm4. ful intent, either for the Lacedaemonians and their allies against the Athenians and their allies, or for the Athenians and their allies against the Lacedaemonians and their allies, by any art or device. And if there be any dispute with one another, they shall have recourse to courts and oaths, according as they shall agree. 5. "The Lacedaemonians and their allies shall restore Amphipolis to the Athenians. But in the case of cities delivered by the Lacedaemonians to the Athenians, their inhabitants shall be allowed to go away wherever they wish, having their own possessions and these cities, so long as they pay the tribute that was fixed in the time of Aristeides, shall be independent. And it shall not be lawful for the Athenians and their allies, after the ratification of the treaty,
:
With
35
THUCYDIDES
^vfjLfjbd^ow;
ewl
Ka/crp,
diroBiBovToov
rbv
<f)6pov,
elal Be "Apyteyevovro. v 1 \o?, Xrdyipos, A/cav0o<;, XtooXos, "OXvvOos, S' elvau ^irdprcoXos. gv/jL/jLaxovs fJbrjBerepoov, fArjre
eweiBr}
at
airovBal
'
AafceSai/jLOVicov
fjafjre
'Adrjvalcov
rjv
Be
Adr^vaioi
Tavras e^earoo
"
ol tyiLjiayoi
valoL
koi
Kv0r]pa
ev
Kal Kal
too
MeOava 3 Kal
tou?
civBpas
ra>
BrjfjLoaicp
YlreXebv
Kal
'AraXdvTrjv,
oaoi
elal
AaKeBaijxovioov
'AOrjvaloi
HtKicovrj
Kal tou? aXXovs 6a ol AaKeBaifiovloov ^vjiixayot ev v Xkicovt] elal Kal oaov? BpaaiBas eaeTrefjLyjre, Kal et
Tt? tcov \;vpLp,dywv tcov AaKeBaifiovloov ev *A0?jvai? earlv ev tw Brj/jLoalop rj ciXXoOi irov ^9 'AOrjdiroBovrcov Be Kal valou apyovaiv ev B>]fiooia).
AaKeBatfJiovLOL Kal ol ^vpL/na^ot ovarivas eyovaiv 'AOrjvaioov Kal tcov gv/jLfid%oov Kara ravrd.
8
" %Kioovaioov Be Kal Topoovaioov Kal HepfivXioov Kal et rcva aXXrjv ttoXlv eypvaiv 'AOrjvaloi, 'AQrjKirchhoff 8 correction after inscriptions MSS. 2wAos. 8 KirchhofFs correction for 2.iyyalnvs of the MSS. * Stahl's correction for Msflcij'Tj of MSS.
1
;
36
BOOK
to
V. xviii
5-8
as
bear arms against the cities to their hurt, so long 1 they pay the tribute. These cities are Argil us,
2
Acanthus, Stolus, Olynthus, Spartolus. 5 be allies neither of the Lacedaemonians but if the Athenians can nor of the Athenians persuade these cities it shall be lawful for the Athenians to make them, with their own free will and consent, allies to themselves. 8 and Sin6. "The Mecybernaeans and Sanaeans gians shall dwell in their own towns on the same terms as the Olynthians and Acanthians. " The Lacedaemonians and their allies shall 7.
4
Stagirus,
These
shall
restore Panactum 7 to the Athenians. The Athenians shall restore to the Lacedaemonians, Coryphasium, 8 10 11 9 Pteleum, and Atalante ; also Cythera, Methana,
they shall set at liberty the Lacedaemonian captives who are in the public prison at Athens or in public prison anywhere else that the Athenians hold sway, and the men of the Peloponnesus who are being
all besides who are allies of the Lacedaemonians in Scione, 12 and those whom Brasidas sent into the place, 13 as likewise any of the allies of the Lacedaemonians who are in the public prison in Athens, or in public prison anywhere else In like manner the that the Athenians have sway.
whom-
soever they have of the Athenians and their allies. " As to 14 8. Scione, Torone, Sermyle, or any other which the Athenians hold, the Athenians shall rity
1
cf
cf.
iv. ciii. 4.
*
1.
3 6
cf. iv.
lxxxviii.
4
7
cf
9
12
cf cf
10
iv.
cxxxi.
**
cf cf
iv. xlv. 2.
iv. cxxiii.4.
n
14
ch.
iii.
2.
37
THUCYDIDES
iroXecov 6 ri
9
aWtov
Aa/ce-
""Op/covs Be
8ai/JLOviov<;
7roi7](Ta(T0cu
AOrjvaiovs
7Tyoo?
/ecu
tou?
^vfifid^ov<i
Kara
7roXet?*
6/jlvvvtcov Be rbv eiriyoopiov op/cov etcdrepoi rbv l 6 eKaarrj<; 7roXea)?. fieyiarov, eirra Kal Beted 8' earco oBe' ''E/jL/xevco Tat? tjvvOtffcais /cal optcos
Tat? <77roySat? ralaBe Bitcaicos Kal dB6\co<;.' ecrrco Be Aa/ceBaifiovLOis kcu Tot? %vp,p.dyoi<; Kara ravra
op/cos 7rpo? 'AOrjvaiovs. rbv Be opicov fear iviavTOV a/jLtyorepovs.
10
dvaveovaOat
"
^T^Xa?
'I(t9/ulol
Be arrjaao 'OXuyLt7r/acr^ kcu YivOol kcu koX 'AOrjvrjaiv ev 7roXet Kal ev AaKe-
11
Baljxovi ev *Ap,VKkai(p. "El Be ti d/ivrijxovov<nv oirorepoiovv Kal orov eivai irepi, Xoyot? Blkcilois %/oaj/xe^ot? evopKov
ravrrj fieraOelvaL oirr) av Boktj dfiKal AaKeBai/jboviois. A9r)vaioi<s (porepoL?, " XIX. " Apyeu Be rwv airovBcov ecpopos IlXeta.fjL(f)OTepoL<;
''
o-ToXa?, 'Apre/juaLov fxrivb^ rerdprrj <J)0lvovto<;, ev Be 'AOrjvais dp^cov 'AX^ato?, 'EXa^^y^oXtwro? 2 firjvbs eKTrj (pOivovros. w/jlvvov Be o'iBe Kal eenrev-
Bovto'
"AKavOos,
Aat#o?, 'Icrxayopas, 4>iXo^a/3tSa?, ZefftSa?, "Avtittttos, TeXXt?, 'AX/et^aSa?, 'E/i,ireBLas, Mrjvas, Aa^tXo?* 'AOrjvaicov Be oIlBc
AdfiiTCOV,
1
*Ia0/ju6viKo<;,
Se'/ca,
Nt/tta?, Aa^)/?,
FjvdvBrji('
eirra
real
has
in-
MSS.
MSS., added from
nXeio-TodvatSAyis, wanting in
scriptions.
38
BOOK
may think best. " The Athenians 9.
V. xvm. 8-xix. 2
cities as
they
shall bind themselves by oaths with the Lacedaemonians and their allies, city by city and either party shall swear its customary oath in the form that is most binding, 1 seventeen men repre' 1 senting each city. The oath shall be as follows will abide by this agreement and this treaty, justly and without deceit' For the Lacedaemonians and their allies there shall be an oath, in the same terms, with the Athenians. And both parties shall renew the oath year by year.
; :
10. "They shall erect pillars at Olympia, Delphi, the Isthmus, and on the Acropolis at Athens, and at Lacedaemon in the temple of Apollo of Amyclae. 2 11. "If either party forgets anything about any matter whatsoever, it shall be consistent with their oath for both, by means of fair discussion, to make a change at any point where it may seem good to both parties, the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians. XIX. "The treaty begins at Lacedaemon in the ephorate of Pleistolas, on the fourth day from the end of the month Artemisium, and at Athens in the archonship of Alcaeus, on the sixth day from the end of the month Elaphebolion. The following persons took oaths and ratified the treaty on behalf of the
:
Lacedaemonians, Pleistoanax, Agis, Pleistolas, Damagetus, Chionis, Metagenes, Acanthus, Daithus, Ischagoras, Philocharidas, Zeuxidas, Antippus, Tel lis, Alcinadas, Empedias, Menas, Laphilus on behalf of the Athenians, Lampon, Isthmionicus, Nicias, Laches, 1 The Athenians, in ratifying treaties, swore by Zeus,
;
See
Friinkel,
Hermes,
xiii.
460.
Ullrich suggests for Sparta the Dioscuri. * Two or three miles from Sparta.
39
THUCYDIDES
fjbos,
TipoK\r)<$,
Aa/za^o?, Ar)p,oo-0evr)$. XX. Avrat at airovBal iyevovro reXevrcovro^ rov XLfjL(ovo<; dfia rjpu etc Aiovvalwv evOvs tcov
aarriKCJv, avroBe/ca ircov BieXOovreov teal rjfAepcov
oXlycov irapeveyKovawv
e? rrjv *Attlkt)v koI 2 eyevero.
r)
r)
oj?
to rrpwrov
r)
icr/SoXr)
GKoireiroa Be Tt?
rj
fir)
rSiv
eKaara^ov
ap^ovrcav
diro
Ti/Arjs
rivos e?
ra irpoyeyevrjfjiiva arj/xaivovrcov 1 rrjv dirapi6puY)aLv t&v ovofxdrcdv iriarevaa^ 2 puaXXov. ov yap dfcpi/3es
3
erv^e
idTLv, ol? teal ap%ofjLVOL<; real fiecrovai kcl\ 6Vcd? tg> eireyevero re. Kara, Qepi) Be tcai yei-
ficovas
apiOfiwv,
r)jjLiaeia^
kicarepov
x L l va S T*
JL
at^/zaX&>Tou? dcfiUcrav
teal irepi-^rav-
T69 e? rd errl pa/cr)<; TTpeafteis 'laxayopav /cat Mrjvdv teal QiXoxapiBav i/ceXevov rov K.XeaplBav
y
rrjv
eXpr^ro
eicdo-Tois,
is to,
suggestion
3
or)uaiv6vT<0Vy the order is according to Arnold's in MSS. these words come after bvofxaruv.
Hude oomotl
to
iraj'/jcros.
40
BOOK
Euthydemus,
tilus,
V. xix. 2-xxi. 2
Procles,
Thrasycles, Theagenes, Aristocrates, Iolcius, Timocrates, Leon, Lamachus, Demosthenes." XX. This treaty was concluded at the end of the winter and the opening of spring immediately after the City Dionysia. 1 Just ten years and a few days had passed since the first invasion of Attica and the beginning of this war. But one must reckon according to the natural divisions of the year, not according to the catalogue of the names of officials in each place, be they archons or others who in consequence of some office mark the dates for past events, in the for it belief that this method is more to be trusted is really inexact, since an event may have occurred in the beginning of their term of office, or in the But middle, or at any other point as it happened. reckoning by summers and winters, as has been done inasmuch as each of these divisions is in this history to be reckoned as half a year it will be found that there have been ten summers and as many winters in this first war. 2 XXI. Now since the lot fell to the Lacedaemonians to make restoration first of the positions
;
they held, they straightway set at liberty the prisoners of war that were in their hands, and sending Ischagoras, Menas, and Philocharidas as envoys to Thrace ordered Clearidas to give up Amphipolis to the Athenians, and the rest of the allies to accept the treaty, as it had been prescribed for each. But the latter were unwilling to do so, as they thought that the terms were unfavourable to them
;
or Greater Dionysia began before the vernal equinox and lasted several days. 2 Commonly referred to by the Attic orators as the
The City
Archidamian War.
i.,
xiii.
41
THUCYDIDES
rr)Bela<;
elvac
rrjv
Bvvarbs eir) fBiq itceivcov avrbs Kara Ta%o? fiera irpeaftewv avroQev diroXoyrj&ofievos re e? rrjv AaKeBalpiova, rjv fcarrjyopwaiv ol irepl rbv 'layayopav on ovk eireiOeTO,
teal
7]
en
p,eTaKivr)T?}
1
ecr)
opuoXoyia, 7reiBr) rjvpe KaTeiXrjpLpLevow;, avrbs p,ev ttclXiv irepiTTovTwv ra>v AaKeBaipbovicov /cal KeXevovrcov pbdXiara fiev /cal rb ywp'iov irapa-
Bovvai, el Be
purj,
XXII. Ot
avrol 2
en ervyov
Be^apuevov^ ol Be rfj avrfj irpo^daet, yirep pbvioi TroielaOai. ical rb TTpoirov direcoaavro, ov/c kfyaaav BegeaOai, 2 y)v pur} nvas BiKaiorepas rovrcov ttol&vtcu. go? S'
Be ^vpufxaypi ev rrj Aa/ceBaipLOvi avrwv tovs /jltj ovres, ical rets airovBas e/ceXevov ol AafceBcu-
avrwv ovk earJKOvov, eKetvovs piev direirepL-^rav, avrol Be 7r/oo? rovs 'AOrjvaLOvs ^vp^pLaylav eiroiovvto vopilovT<; rjKiara av acpicn, rou? re 'A^o}
ovk r)6eXov ApareXlBov kcl\ Aiyov eXOovrcov eiriairevBeaOai, vopicravre^ avrovs dvev
yeiovs,
'
'
eTreiBr)
tcqvv7]gov
1
pLaXcar
av rjavyd^ecv
irpbs
yap av
is
Kriiger's correction for KareiXri^fxhas of the MSS. avrov, Kriiger's correction for avrol of the MSS., adopted by Hude. en was added by Stahl. 3 Hude inserts liriTideireai after 'Apyeiovs, with Madvig.
2
The narrative
cf. ch. xvii.
(end).
42
BOOK
V. xxi. 2-xxn. 2
and Clearidas, to oblige the Chalcidians, did not give up Amphipolis, saying that he was unable to give it up against their will. And he hastened in person, with envoys from the place, to Lacedaemon, in order to defend himself in case Ischagoras and his colleagues should accuse him of disobedience and he wished also to learn whether the agreement could still be changed. But when he found that they were already bound by oath, he himself went back again in haste, with orders from the Lacedaemonians to give up
;
Amphipolis if possible, or at all events to fetch away whatsoever Peloponnesians were in it. XXII. The representatives of the allies 1 happened to be still present in person at Lacedaemon, and as many of them as had not accepted the treaty were ordered by the Lacedaemonians to adopt it. But they, on the same pretext for which they had
at first 2 rejected it, still refused to accept it unless a fairer treaty were made. Since, then, they would not hearken to them, the Lacedaemonians dismissed them, and proceeded to make an alliance with the Athenians by themselves, thinking that the Argives
would by no means make an alliance with Sparta since they had refused to renew the treaty with them when Ampelidas and Lichas went to Argos and believing that they would not be dangerous to them without the Athenians, and that the rest of the 3 Peloponnesians would be most likely to remain quiet for, had it been possible, they might have gone over
The text
is
The rendering above assumes ^vufxaxiav predicate of vo^ovt^s, and adds xal, before vofilas correlative to rt (ravTfs, or, possibly, vonlaavrts may be
causal.
43
THUCYDIDES
3
row
it
el
irapovreov ovv
teal
rcov
yevofievcov
teal
v/jl-
opteoi
*A6rj1 valoi teal AateeBai/iovioi 7revr?]teovra err)-. " "Hi> a rives icoaiv e? rrjv yrjv iroXepiioi rrjv AateeBaifiovicov teal tcatccos iroiwai AateeBaifioviovs, ooefre'
Xeiv
Bycoo-avre? oi^covrai, rroXefuav elvai ravrr/v rrjv ttoXiv AateeBai/Jboviots teal 'AOrjvaiois teal featecos
irafjyeiv viro dficporepeov, tearaXveiv Be dfia dp,<f>G) ravra B' elvai Bitealws ical wpoOv/jLoj^ to) ttoXci. teal dBoXcos. " Kal 2 rjv rives e? rt]V 'Adrjvaicov yrjv Xoaai rroXeteal tca/ccos iroicjaiv^AO^vaiovs, tofaXeiv Aavez Baipoviovs 'A0r]valov<; rpoirqy orq) dv Bvvcovrai rb Kara Bvvarov. rjv Be Bycoaavres lo"yypordr(p ravrtiv iroK.iv elvai rr)v rroXepiiav olywvrai,
fjiiot,
teal teatecos
irda^eiv
rco
vtt
tearaXveiv
elvai
Be
dfia
teal
a/KJxo
Biteaiws
irpoOvfiw^
eiriteovpelv
teal
aBoXcos.
Be
r)
"*Hv
"
BovXeia eiravLarrjrai,
rravrl
teal
'AOrjvaiovs to Bvvarov.
4
AateeBaifJioviois
oQkvei
Kara
'Opovvrai Be ravra
1
o'irrep
ras aXXas
'A8r)vcuoi xa\,
54, after tfv,
wanting
in
2
*
deleted by Boehine.
'Ae-qyaiovs
added by Ullrich.
44
BOOK
V. xxii. 2-xxiii. 4
to the Athenians. 1 Accordingly since envoys were present from the Athenians, a conference was held and they came to an agreement, and oaths were sworn and an alliance made on the following terms XXIII. " The Lacedaemonians and Athenians
:
shall
:
years on the following conditions "If any enemy invade the territory of the Lacedaemonians and be doing them harm, the Athenians shall help the Lacedaemonians in whatever way they can most effectively, with all their might but if the
be
enemy, after ravaging the country, shall have departed, that city shall be the enemy of the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, and shall suffer at the hands of both, and neither city shall make peace with it without the other. These conditions shall be observed honestly, zealously, and without fraud. 2. "If any enemy invade the territory of the Athenians and be doing them harm, the Lacedaemonians shall help the Athenians in whatever way they can most effectively, with all their might but if the enemy, after ravaging the country, shall have
;
departed, that city shall be the enemy of the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, and shall suffer at the hands of both, and neither city shall make peace with it without the other. These conditions shall be observed honestly, zealously, and without fraud. 3. " If there shall be an insurrection of slaves, the Athenians shall aid the Lacedaemonians with all their might, to the utmost of their power. " These articles shall 4. be sworn to by the same
i.e. if there should be no treaty between Athens and Sparta, any dissatisfied state in the Peloponnesus might join the Athenian alliance and cause trouble. This danger would be removed by entering into the treaty, and also Argos, whose
1
would be
isolated.
45
THUCYDIDES
(TirovSas oo/nvvov e/earepcov.
'
dvaveovaOai Be tear
iviavrbv Aa/ce8cu/jLovLov<; jxev I6vra<; e? ^AOrjvas TTpbs ra Acovvaia, AOrjvaiovs Be lovras 9 Aa/ce5
rd "Ta/eivOia.
e/earepovs
arrjaai, ttjv
'
p,ev
iv
"*Hv
ti av
''
Be Ti
irpoaOelvai
Bo/efj,
" Tbv Be op/eov cbfivvov Aa/eeBai/novLO)v olBe' fiev TiXetarodva^, *Ayi<;, TlXeLaroXas, Aap,dyr)TO<;, ILLovis, Merayevrjs, "AicavOos, AdiOos,
XXIV.
Be Ad/xircov, Adyrjs, 'YaO/JLiovi/eos, Nt/aa?, !Lv0vBr}p,o<;, Upo/eXfjs, UvOoBcopos, Ayvwv, M.vpTL\o$, pao~v/eXf}<;, eayevr]<;, 'Apiaro-
'AOrjvaleov
'
KpdrrjSy
2
*l<wA,/ao?,
Ti/juoxparrj^,
Aecov,
Adpuay^o^,
Ar]fj,ocr0evr)<z"
Avrr) 7) ^vjxpxiyia iyevero /juerd rd<; (nrovBd? ov itoXXw varepov, zeal tovs avBpas tou? iic ri)s vijaov direBoaav ol 'AOrjvaioi to<? AcueeBcu /jLovlois, /ecu to 6 epos VPX 6 ro ^ ivBe/edrov erovs. ravra
ra Be/ea err] 6 irpwros iroXefios %vvey^c*)<; yevofievos yey pairiai. XXV. MeTa Be rds airovBds zeal rrjv ^v/xpLayiav rcov Aa/eeBcupoviGdv /ecu rcov 'AOtjvcllcov, at iyeBe
vovro fierd ibv Be/eeT7j iroXep,ov iirl YiXeiaToXa fxev iv Aa/eeBai/jLovi i<fi6pov, 'AXtealov B* dpypvros
1
cf.
ch. xx. 1.
46
BOOK
persons
V.
xxiii.
4-xxv.
to the other treaty on both sides. be renewed every year, the Lacedaemonians going to Athens at the Dionysia, 1 the Athenians to Lacedaemon at the Hyacinthia. 2 " Each 5. party shall erect a pillar, that in Lacedaemon by the temple of Apollo of Amyclae, that at Athens on the Acropolis by the temple of Athena. " If it shall seem 6. good to the Lacedaemonians and Athenians to add or take away anything pertaining to the alliance, it shall be consistent with the oaths of both to do whatever may seem good
who swore
They
shall
to both.
" For the Lacedaemonians the following took the oath Pleistoanax, Agis, Pleistolas, persons Damagetus, Chionis, Metagenes, Acanthus, Daithus, Ischagoras, Philocharidas, Zeuxidas, Antippus, Alcinadas, Tellis, Empedias, Menas, Laphilus for the Athenians, Lampon, Isthmionicus, Laches, Nicias, Euthydemus, Procles, Pythodorus, Hagnon, Myrtilus, Thrasycles, Theagenes, Aristocrates, Iolcius, Timocrates, Leon, Lamachus, Demosthenes." This alliance was made not long after the treaty, and the Athenians restored to the Lacedaemonians the captives taken on the island and thus began the summer of the eleventh year. During these ten years the first war, of which the history has now been
XXIV.
written, was
waged
After the treaty and the alliance between the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, which were concluded at the end of the ten years' war, in the ephorate of Pleistolas at Lacedaemon and the archonship of Alcaeus at Athens, those who accepted these
*
j
XXV.
continuously.
The
festival of
47
THUCYDIDES
y
A6i]vr)(Ti, Tot? fiev Begapievois auras elprjvrj tjv, ol Be KopLvOcoi teal tcov iv UeXoTrovvrjcrcp iroXecov
ra ireirpayp^eva' /cal ev6v$ oXXtj 1 tcov ^vpLpuci^cov irpb? ttjv AaKetcaOiaraTO rapa^r]
rives Bicklvovv
2 Baip,ova, teal
Baip,6vioi TTpolovros tov xpovov vttotttoi iyevovTO ecrriv iv ols ov Troiovvres ifc tcov tjvyKi/j,ivcov Kal iirl ef cttj puev /cal 8e/ca p.r\va^ 3 a eiprjTO.
airko-yovTo pur) iirl tt)V eicarepcov yrjv o~TpaTvaai, e^coOev Be p.T dvoKco^rjs ov (Seftaiov eftXanTOV
/carecTTrjcrav.
XXVI.
Teypacf>e Be /cal
ravra
6 avrb<;
ovkv-
eyevero, Kara ov re Kal rrjv clpxv v tf<*TeOeprj xecpLcovas, p-e^pi iravcrav tcov 'Adr)valcov AaKeBaipboviot Kal ol
818775 'AOrjvaios
ef%,
a>5
e/cacrra
ra p.aKpa tcl^] Kal rbv Ueopaid KareXaftov. err) Be e'5 tovto ra ^vpLiravra eyeKal T7]V Bia VOVTO TCp TToXepLfp eiTTCL Kal eiKOCTC.
^vpbpLa^oL Kal
pje.Gov
%vpL(3acnv
et
Tf?
p,r]
d^icocrei
iroXepLOv
vopi&iv, ovk 6p0ws BiKaicoaei. tois re yap epyois C05 BtTjp-qraL dOpeirco Kal evpi]aei ovk lkos bv elprjV7)v avTtjv KpiOtjvai, iv fj ovre direBoaav irdvra ovr direBe^avro a ^vveOevro, eco re TOVTCOV 7T/305 TOV MaVTLVlKOV Kal 'EtTlBavpiOV
1
by Hude
after Stahl.
This chapter forms a kind of second introduction, and after the author enlarged his plan from a history of the first ten years to that of the whole war.
1
48
BOOK
;
V.
xxv. i-xxvi. 2
were at peace but the Corinthians and some of the the Peloponnesus attempted to disturb the agreements, and at once other trouble also began between Lacedaemon and her allies. At the same time, too, the Lacedaemonians, as time went on, incurred the suspicion of the Athenians, by not acting in some matters in accordance with the articles of the agreement. For six years and ten months the two powers abstained from invading each other's in other regions, however, there was only territory an unstable cessation of arms and they kept on But doing each other the greatest possible damage. at last they were forced to break the treaty which had been concluded after the first ten years, and again
cities in
;
engaged
in
open war.
history of these events, also, has been written by the same Thucydides, an Athenian, in the chronological order of events, by summers and winters, up to the time when the Lacedaemonians and their allies put an end to the dominion of the Athenians and took the Long Walls and Peiraeus. 2 Up to that event the war lasted twenty-seven years in all and if anyone shall not deem it proper to include the intervening truce in the war, he will not judge For let him but look at the question in the aright. 3 light of the facts as they have been set forth and he will find that that can not fitly be judged a state of peace in which neither party restored or received all that had been agreed upon. And, apart from that, there were violations of the treaty on both sides in
;
XXVI.
irrhe
15, this
took place in
April 404.
3
"For
Or, taking t; Zih fiiaov v/i/Scum as subject of 5i^pT/Ta<, if he will but observe how the truce was interrupted
49
THUCYDIDES
rroXepuov
Kal
Kal
e?
ol
aXXa
errl
rjcrav,
dpcfrorepoi? dpaprrjpbara
pdfcr]<;
eyevovro,
tjvp,p,axoi
ovBev
rjaaov
3 ra>
iroXepLioi
r)yov.
rfj
Bo^goto/
re
i/ce^eipiav
Bexvpepov
Kal
ru>
cocrre
BeKerec Kal
roaavra
r)p,epas
varepov ef avrrjs rroXepLw evprjcec Tt9 errj, Xoyi^opuevos Kara rovs ^oj/ou?, Kal ov rroXXds rrapeveyKOvaas, Kal to?? drrb
XpT)(jpjU)V
lo")(i)pL<Tap,6voi<;
puovov
Br)
TOVTO
e^fpw? %vp(3dv. yap eycoye pLepLvrjpat, Kal rov rroXepov Kal p<expL ov ereXevrr)cre apxppevov
alel
t
rrpo(pepopvov vrrb rroXX(ov on rpls ivvea errj 5 Beoi yeveadai avrov. erre/Siav Be Blo, rravrbs
avrov, alaOavopevb^ re
fyevyeiv rrjv
rfj
epuavrov
KptyirroXiv arparrjyuav, Kal yevopuevcp Trap dp,<f>orepois rocs rrpdypaat, Kal ovx fjo-aov rolf IleXo7rovvr)cri(av
Bid rrjv
<f>vyrjv,
ovv puerd rd BeKa err) Biacfropdv re Kal %vyxvcnv rcov arrovB&v Kal rd
paXXov alaOeadac.
rrjv
XXVII.
rrjs
'EiTretBr)
yap at
r)
rrevrrjKOvrovreiSi ctttov-
fjvppaxta,
alrcep
real
at drrb
rvpeafielai,
rrapeKXrj-
6r)aav e'9 avrd, dvex<*>povv ck 7-779 AaKeBalpiovos. Kal ol puev aXXoi err' olkov drrrjXOov, KopivOwi Be
9
50
BOOK
;
V. XXVI. 2-XXVII. 2
the Mantinean and Epidaurian wars, 1 as well as in other matters the allies in Thrace, too, were no less hostile to Athens than before, and the Boeotians observed a truce which had to be renewed every ten So that, including the first ten-years' war, days. the suspicious truce succeeding that, and the war which followed the truce, one will find that, reckoning according to natural seasons, there were
just so many years as I have stated, and some few will also find, in the case of those days over.
He
assertion
in
reliance
;
upon
for
alone proved true always, as I remember, from the beginning of war until its close, it was said by many that it fated to last thrice nine years. I lived through
this
that
fact
the
was
the
rate information.
my own
my command
at Amphipolis, 2 and being conversant with affairs on both sides, especially with those of the Peloponnesians by reason of banishment, to gain at
my
my
acquaintance with the course of events. The difference, then, which arose after the ten years, and the breaking of the truce and the
leisure
a better
subsequent
treaty
hostilities, I will
now proceed
to relate.
fifty
years'
and the subsequent alliance, the embassies from the Peloponnesus, which had been summoned for this business, withdrew from Lacedaemon. The rest went home but the Corinthians proceeded first to Argos and entered into communication with certain
;
chs. xxxiii.
f.
and
liii. f.
IV. civ. 4.
51
THUCYDIDES
irpos Tivas
tmv
67ret8^ AaKeBcufiovioi,
ovk
eir*
dyaOw dXX'
tVl
/caTaBovXcoaei
Ijv/jL/jLaxiav
7T7roir]VTCu,
t)
07ra>9 acoOrjaerai
ttjv
YleXoirovvrjaos, kcu
ttoXlv
^^iaaadai
tjti<;
fiovXo-
fiev7]v
'EU^wi/,
avTovopLOS
T ecrTi zeal BiKas laa^ teal bfioias Bl8(do~i,, 7T/90? 'Apyeiovs gv pu^a^lav iroieiaQai ware rfj dXXrjXayv
diroBel^ai Be dvBpas oXiyov? dp^rjv avrofcpdropas icai firj Trpos top Srjfiov rovs Xoyovs elvcu, tov fir) Kara<f>av6L^ ylyveadai tov? /xr) to ttXt)6o^. Treio-avTCLS e<pacrav Be 7roXXov<;
eTrifJLa'xelv,
3 irpocrywpr]o~eG6ai filaei
tcov Aa/ceBaifiovlcov.
/ecu
ol p,ev
enr
K.opii>0ioi
oIkov.
XXVIII. Ol
twv 'Apyeicov
a/3^a? /cal top Bf}/j,ov, eyjr7]<pLcravT0 'Apyeloi, /cat avBpas cTXovto BcoBexa irpb<i 01)9 top j3ouX6fievov
twv
egeivai dvev tov BrjpLov tov 'Apyeiwv o-TreiaaaOat. 2 iBe^avTo re TaOra ol Apyetot /ndXXov, opcovTes tov
t AatceBai/JLOViCdV acplai iroXefJuov eabfievov (eir e%6B(o yap 7rpo9 civtovs al cnrovBal rjcrav) teal
d/jua
eX-niaavTe^
ttj<;
a/cw? ijieovae
V7repu)d)0r]
Bid ra9
BOOK
V. xxyii. 2-xxvin. 2
of the Argive magistrates, saying that, since the Lacedaemonians had made a treaty and alliance with the Athenians, hitherto their bitterest enemies, not for the good of the Peloponnesus but for its enslavement, the Argives ought to be considering how the Peloponnesus could be saved ; and should pass a
decree, that any Hellenic city which is autonomous and offers settlement of disputes by fair and impartial trials, may, if it so wishes, make an alliance with the Argives for mutual defence of their territories and that they should appoint a few men with absolutely full powers, and not discuss matters before the people, so that any who may fail to persuade the popular assembly may not become known to the And they asserted that many Lacedaemonians. would join them through hatred of the Lacedae;
monians.
The
these things,
went home.
XXVIII. The Argive magistrates, on hearing the them to their government and people, and the Argives passed the decree and chose twelve men with whom any of the Hellenes who pleased might conclude an alliance, except the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians neither of these
proposals, reported
;
should be allowed to make a treaty with Argos without the express consent of the Argive people. These proposals the Argives accepted the more readily, in the first place because they saw that they should have war with the Lacedaemonians for the treaty with them was on the point of expiring and, moreover, because they had hoped to secure the hegemony of the Peloponnesus. For at this time
Lacedaemon had
fallen
into
its
53
THUCYDIDES
ifvfufropds,
01
^Apyelot,
apiara
eayov Tot?
iraaiv,
afi(f>oTpoi<;
adfJLevoi.
p,aylav
irpoaeBeypvTO
y[avTivrj<s
5'
tou?
eBeXovras
tcqv
XXIX.
avTcav
'
aurot? Kal
TTpcoroL
irpoae^diprjaav
AaKeBaipuoviovs.
tt)?
77730?
*
/ecu
evbpn^ov ov
AafceBaipLOVLOLS
alel
Bidcfropov
BrjpLOKparov-
2 p,vrjv re
wenep Kal
koX
ft)?
7)
clvtoL
diroaravTCdv Be rcov
M.avri,vQ)v
fca0Lo~TCLTO
o-avre<;
teal tol/?
'ATTiKals
iyeypairro evopKov elvat TrpoaOetvac Kal d(j>eXeiv 6 ti av dpi(f)ocv toIv iroXeotv Bo/cfj, Aafce8aip,ovLoi<;
y
3 Kal A0i]vaLoi<;.
tt]V
KaBlcTTT)
pur]
pbTa
AOrjvalcov
afyas
ftovXcovTai
AaKeBaipioviOL BovXcoaacrdar BUaiov yap elvat, Tract toI$ ^vpupud^o^ 77 pd<j)0ai ttjv fieTaOeaiv,
54
BOOK
all
V. xxviii. 2-xxix. 3
the Argives had attained an excellent position in respects, having had no part of the burden of the war with Athens, but rather, as they were at peace with both parties, having reaped a harvest from it. Thus the Argives were ready to receive into their alliance any of the Hellenes that were so
inclined.
their allies
were the
to join them, through fear of the LacedaemonFor a part of Arcadia had been reduced to ians.
subjection by the Mantineans, while the war with the Athenians was still going on, and they thought that the Lacedaemonians, now that they had leisure, would not suffer them to retain their sovereignty. So they turned gladly to Argos, regarding it as a powerful state, one always at variance with the Lacedaemonians, and under a democratic form of government like themselves. And when the Mantineans had revolted, the rest of the Peloponnesus also began to mutter that they must do the like, thinking that the Mantineans had changed sides because they
At the same possessed some superior knowledge. time they were angry with the Lacedaemonians on other grounds, and especially because it was written in the treaty with Athens that it would be consistent with their oaths to add or take away whatever shall seem good to both states, that is, to the Lacedaemonians and Athenians. For it was this article especially that was disturbing the Peloponnesus far and wide and causing suspicion that the Lacedaemonians wished in concert with the Athenians to reduce them all to slavery for it would have been just, they thought, that the clause should have given the power to alter the articles to all the allies. And
;
55
THUCYDIDES
4
'Apyelov?
ol irdXkol copfirjvro irpb? rovs avrol exaarot ^v/xpLa^iav iroieladai. XXX. AaiceBaipovioi Be alcrOopuevoL rbv Opovv rovrov ev rfj TieK.OTTOvvii(T(p KaOecrrwra teal rov$
a>o~re (j)o/3ovpevoi
/ecu
KopivOiovs Bt,8aafcd\ov<; re yevop,evov<; teal avrovs peXkovra<; a it electa 6 at 717)0? to "Apyos, ireparovaL
7T/9ecr/9et5 e? rrjv Koptvdov, fiov\6fievoL TrpotearaXafielv to fieWov, teal yritovro rrjv re iarjyrjaiv rod Travrbs teal el *Apyeiot<; acpcov diroardvre<;
avrov<;
ecfiacrav
ore
ov
Be^ovrai
elvav o ri
2 rjv
firj
ri
av to irXfjOos r&v i~u pnxdyoav ylnjcpiatjrai, dewv rj ijpwcov tccbXvpa rj. KopivOioi Be
rcov ^vfipd^cov, oaoi ovB' avrol a<f>i(Ti crirovBds Ta? eBe^avro (irapetcdXeaav Be avrovs avrol irporepov), dvrekeyov rots Aatce8aip,ovLois, a fJLev rjBt/covvro, ov BrjXovvre? avrucpvs, on ovre
irapovrcov
'
^EoXXtov afyiaiv direX aSov irap AOrjvaicov ovre ri aXXo re el evojju^ov eXaa coved ai, Avatcropiov,
1
'
p,r)
irpo-
Bu)o~eiv
ofjioaai
yap avrois
perd TloreiBearcov to irpwrov d(j>lo-ravro, real dXXovs varepov. ovtcovv irapaftaiveiv tou? t&v gvpLpd^cov optcov? ecpaaav ovtc ecnovres e? Ta? rwv
1
of the
first
year
BOOK
V. xxix. 4-xxx. 3
so most of them were afraid and were eager on their own part also to make a separate alliance with
the Argives.
XXX. The Lacedaemonians, aware of this murmuring that was going on in the Peloponnesus, and that the Corinthians had been the instigators in this matter and were themselves going to make a treaty
with Argos, sent envoys to Corinth, wishing to forewhat was about to happen. And they charged them with starting the whole movement, and said that if they should revolt from them and become allies of the Argives, they would be violating the explicit terms of their oaths, and indeed were already doing wrong in not accepting the treaty with the Athenians, inasmuch as it had been declared that whatever the majority of the allies decreed should be binding, unless there should be some hindrance on the But the Corinthians, in part of gods or heroes. the presence of all their allies who had not themfor they had on their selves accepted the treaty own responsibility summoned them beforehand in reply to the Lacedaemonians said in what respects they had been wronged, not stating outright that the Lacedaemonians had failed to recover from the Athenians for them Sollium * or Anactorium, 2 nor mentioning any other matter in which they thought they were getting less than their rights, but making a pretext that they could not give up their allies
stall
for they said they had given their ; to these people, both privately, when they had first revolted along with the Potidaeans, 3 and afterwards. They were therefore, they said, not violating their oaths to their allies by refusing to join in
in
Thrace
oaths
of. i. lviii. 1.
VOL.
III.
THUCYDIDES
'AOrjvalcov airovods' Oecov
iictzivoL*;
yap
Tricneis 6fJb6aavTe<i
ov/c
6"
elprjaOai
4
dv " ore
cpaLvecrOal ovv crcpLcrt kcoXv/jlcl Oelov rovro. kcll irepl puev rcov izaXaicov op/ccov rocravra elirov, irepl Be
rr)<;
'Apyeicov gvpLpaxla*;
fJLeT
^ TC0V
<$i>Xcov
rj.
fiovXevolkou.
5 crd/ievoi irocrjaeiv 6 re
dp
Sl/caiov
/ecu ol jiev
eir*
ervypv Be Trapovres iv K.opivdco Kal ^Apyelcov 7rpecrflei<;, oc eKeXevov toim? }Lopiv6lov<$ levai 69
rrjv
^vpLfjua^iav
Kal
fir)
fieXXeiv
ol
Be
e?
rov
vtrrepov
7]KIV.
^vXXoyov
*H.X6e
XXXI.
dvs
teal
Be
Kal
'HXeicov
it pea fieta
ev-
irpcorov,
Kopivdiov?
is
tjv/jifjLaxlav
"Apyo?
eXOovre^,
'ApxdBcov Tivds Aerrpedrais Kal 'HXeicov irapatcXrjOevTcov V7rb Aerrpearcov 9 fjvfifiaxlav eirl rfj
rjpLLcreia
rrjs
7^9
teal
Xvcrdvrcov
rov
ttoXc/jlov,
'HXetot
rr\v yrjv vepofievoi? avrols rols Aeirpedrais rdXavrov eragav rep Ail rco 'OXv/nrlcp dirocpepeiv.
Kal p>expi vov 'ArriKOv iroXe/iov direcpepov, eweira iravaafievcov Slo, rrpo^acriv rov rroXefxov ol 'HXeloi
eirr)vdyKa^ov t ol
'
irpdirovro
717309
tou9 Aa/ce-
BOOK
V. xxx. 3-xxxi. 3
;
the treaty with the Athenians for since they had bound themselves to those allies by pledges sworn in the name of the gods, it would not be consistent with their oaths to betray them. Besides, the words of the agreement were, " if there be no hindrance on " and it seemed to them the part of gods or heroes that this was a hindrance on the part of the gods. So much they said in regard to their ancient oaths, but as to the Argive alliance they would consult with So the their friends and do whatever was right. envoys of the Lacedaemonians returned home. But there happened to be at Corinth Argive envoys, who urged the Corinthians to come into the alliance without delay; the latter, however, told them to come to their next assembly. XXXI. Soon after there also came an embassy of the Eleans and first concluded an alliance with the
;
Corinthians, and then they proceeded to Argos, as they had been instructed, and made an alliance with It seems that at one time the Eleans the Argives. were at variance with the Lacedaemonians about
1 For when there had been a war beLepreum. tween the Lepreates and some of the Arcadians, and the Eleans had been invited by the Lepreates to make an alliance with them, with the offer
of half their
territory, on the conclusion of the war the Eleans left the Lepreates in possession of their land, but assessed upon them a tax of a talentto be paid to Olympian Zeus. Now up to the war with Athens they regularly paid the tribute then on the pretext of the war they ceased to pay the tribute, and the Eleans tried to enforce payment, whereupon they had recourse to the Lacedaemonians.
;
1 In Triphylia, not far from the boundaries of Elis and Laconia (ch. xxxiv. 1).
59
THUCYDIDES
Scu/bLoviovs.
Treiarr)?,
avevres
4 ol Be
rrjv i7nrpo7rr}v AeirpeaTwv ttjv yr\v erepuov. Aa/ceBaip,6vioi ovhev tjooov eBl/caaav avrovofiovs elvat Aeirpedras /cal dBi/cecv 'HXeiovs, /cal
a>9
ovk epup^eivavrcov
crepcov
rfj eiriTpoirri
5 ecr7T6/x^ai; e9 Aeirpeov.
ol Be
ttoXiv
8ai/jLOViov<;
/cal
ecpriro,
aravTo
rr)v
a e^ovres e'9 top 'Attlkov iroXefiov Kadlrives, Tavra e^ovras /ecu i^eXOelv, a>? ovk
777)09
rovs 'Apyeiovs, /ecu ^vpuxa^laVy coenrep iroeipiiro, /cal ovroi iiroci]6 aavro. iyevovro Be /cal ol KopivOioi, evOvs fier
i/ceivov$ /cal
fjvjjLfiaxot,.
ol iirl
BokotoI
Be
zeal
Meyapijs to avrb
1
XeyovTes r)o-v%aov,
Q-io~i
irepiopco/jLevoi
/cal vo/jliovt<;
tt\v
'Apyeicov
Brj^oKparlav,
^vp,(f)opov
avTols
T779
rfoaov
elvai
XXXII. TLepl Be tou? avrov<; xpovovs rov depov? rovrov X/cicovalovs pev 'AOrjvaioi, i/cnoXiopfcrfcravTes direKTeivav rov? fjficovTas, iralBas
Be Kal yvvac/cas r)vBpair6BLaav /cal rrjv yrjv VLXaratevo-tv eBoorav vepbeadar AtjXlovs Be /eartj-
yayov irakiv
1
9 ArjXov,
ivQvp.ovp.evoi rd<; re
iv
the MSS. after ireptopw/xcvui, The sense of the verb, "jealously deleted by Dobree. " watched ( Jowett), required with that reading, does not occur in Thucydides.
inrb
ru>p
AaKe^aifxouiuip, in
60
BOOK
The
for arbitration,
V. xxxi. 3-xxxn.
case having been referred to the Lacedaemonians the Eleans, suspecting that they would not receive fair treatment, renounced the arbitration and ravaged the land of the Lepreates. The Lace-
daemonians, nevertheless, gave judgment, to the effect that the Lepreates were independent and the Eleans the aggressors, and as the latter did not abide by the arbitration, sent a garrison of hoplites to But the Eleans, considering that the Lepreum. Lacedaemonians had taken under their protection a city of theirs that was in revolt, cited the agreement in which it was stipulated that whatever places any of the confederates had when they entered the war with Athens they should retain when they came out of it and on the ground that they had not received fair treatment went over to the Argives, their envoys making the alliance as they had been instructed to do. Immediately after them the Corinthians also and the Chalcidians in Thrace became allies of the Argives. But the Boeotians and Megarians, though holding the same views, kept quiet, awaiting events and thinking the Argive democracy not so advantageous for them, with their oligarchical form of government, as the political constitution of the Lacedaemonians. XXXII. About the same time during this summer, the Athenians reduced the Scionaeans by siege, slew the adult males, 1 made slaves of the women and children, and gave the land to the Plataeans to 2 occupy and they brought back the Delians to Delos, 3 taking to heart their mishaps in the battles and
; ;
before (iv. exxii. 6). At the conclusion of peace they been left at the mercy of the Athenians (ch. xviii. 8).
1
had
cf.
ch.
i.
THUCYDIDES
rat? /na^ai? gvpucpopa? zeal tov ev Ae\</><H9 Qeov 2 XptfaavTO*;. koX Oew/c?)? teal Aofcpol r/pgavro 3 iroXepelv. koX Koplvdioi zeal Apyeloi 77877 *^'
payoi
cr<f)i(Ti
ovt<z
Aa/ceBatpLovlcov,
i
ov,
teal
el
(j>t\ovLKia<i teal ayppcoBrjaav pur) ovBeh aefylaiv en 5 TOiV aXXcov TTpoa^aypfj. ofi(o<; Be eXOovres ? toi>?
real
/cal
raXXa
tcoivfj
8%r)/jLpov<;
eTrHTTrovhds, at r/aav
A07)vai,oi<;
teal
BotcoTot?
737)09
fievai avT&v rcov irevTr^KOVTOVTiBoav o-ttovBmv, eteeXevov ol KopivOiot, tov? Bootou? dteoXovOr)-
aavras
HoicoTol
^AOrjva^e
el'xpv,
teal
<jLo~i
iroirjaat,
a)o~7rep
Be 'AOrjvalcov Be^opievcov direiire'lv rr)v eteeyeipiav teal to Xolttov fxr) airev6 Beadat, avev avroiv. BotcoTOt Be Beopbivcov rcov
fir)
*Apyeiu>v %v p,[Manias iXOovre? Be *A6rjvae /xera K.opiv6l(ov ov% rjvpovro Ta? oY^/ze/oou? cnrovBds, d\\' direfcpLvavTO ol 'AOqraioi KopivOlois elvai airovBas, eltrep AatceBaipioviwv elo-l 7 gvpL/jLaxoi. Bofcorot piev ovv ovBev pbdXXov direltrov t<x9 BexrjpLepovs, dijiovvrcov teal alricopLevcov Kopiv-
It
in
62
BOOK
V. xxxii. 1-7
obeying an oracle of the god at Delphi. Meanwhile the Phocians and the Locrians began hostilities. And the Corinthians and the Argives, being now allies, came to Tegea, 1 hoping to induce it to revolt from the Lacedaemonians, seeing that it was an important part of the Peloponnesus, and thinking if it should be gained to their side they would soon have the whole Peloponnesus. But when the Tegeates refused to oppose the Lacedaemonians, the Corinthians, who up to that time had been working zealously, became slack in their ardour and full of dread that none of the other Peloponnesians would henceforth come over to them. Nevertheless they went to the Boeotians and requested them to become allies of themselves and the Argives, and to act generally in concert with them. And the Corinthians further requested the Boeotians
to
also the ten days' truce
accompany them to Athens and procure for them 2 which had been made between the Athenians and Boeotians not long after the conclusion of the fifty years' treaty, on the same terms as the Boeotians had obtained, and, if the Athenians did not agree, to renounce the armistice and for the future to make no truce without the Corinthians. The
Boeotians, when the Corinthians made these requests, desired them to wait awhile in regard to the Argive alliance, but they went with them to Athens, where however they failed to obtain the ten days' truce, the Athenians answering them that there was already a truce with the Corinthians, if they were allies of the Lacedaemonians. But the Boeotians did not any the more give up the ten days' truce, although the Corinthians demanded it and accused them of having
1
i.e.
or,
perhaps,
thinks,
63
THUCYDIDES
Olwv %vvBk<jQai
aairovBos
TravSrjfjbel
a<f>L(rr
'*
YLopivOioi,*}
8k
dvoxco^r}
tjv Trpo<z
XXXIII.
UavaavLov
rrj<;
avrov Oepov?
tov
iarpdrevaav,
U\eio-Todvafcro<;
ov$ ovras,
a/j,a
rjv
Kara ardaiv
7nfca\,<ra/j,iv(ov o-fyas,
(f)povpovv, iv t?7 Uappaaifcj) /celfievov eVl rrj 2 ^KLpLTlBl T?}<? AaKOdVLKTjS. KCll ol /JLV AafC6$aiflOvioi 7r)v yi)v tcov Uappaaicov iBrjovv, ol Be
"Mavrivfj? rrju ttoXlv 'Apyelois <f)vXa%i irapaBovT? avrol rrjv %v pufia^iav efypovpovv dBvvaroi 8' 6We? Biaacoaai to re iv K.vyjriXoi<; rel^o? teal 3 t<z? iv Ylappao-ioi^ iroXeig dirrjXOov. Aa/ceBaifiovloi
Be
to/;?
real
aavTes
iir
oikov.
XXXIV. Kai
rjBr)
rj/covrcov
avTOis tcov diro %paicr)<; fierd BpacrlBov igeXOovtcov aTpaTi(i)T(avj ou? 6 KXeapuBas /jterd to? airovBas i/co/Atcrev, ol AafceBcufioviot iyfrrj^Laavro
tov<z fiev fierd UpacriBov TLiXcoras /uaxeo-a/jLevovs iXevOepov? elvai koX ol/celv oirov av ftovXwvrai' /ecu varepov ov ttoXXw avrov? fierd t&v veoBaficoBtov 9 Aeirpeov Kareo-Trjaav, Keifievov iirl rr}? AaKwvLKrj<; /cal tt)<$ 'H\eta9> ovres rjBij Biafyopoi
1 The mountainous region between the upper Eurotas and the valley of the Oenus, one of the most important districts of the Perioeci.
64
BOOK
V. xxxii. 7-xxxiv.
agreed with themselves to do so. Between the Corinthians, however, and the Athenians there was a cessation of activities without an actual truce. XXXIII. The same summer the Lacedaemonians, under the command of Pleistoanax, son of Pausanias, king of the Lacedaemonians, made an expedition with all their forces into the territory of the Parrhasians of Arcadia, who were subjects of the Mantineans. They had been called in by the Parrhasians on account of a factional quarrel, and intended also to demolish, if possible, the fort at Cypsela, which, being situated in Parrhasian territory, the Mantineans had constructed and themselves garrisoned for the annoyance of the district Sciritis 1 in Laconia. The Lacedaemonians proceeded to ravage the land of the Parrhasians, and the Mantineans, giving over the custody of their city to the Argives, tried themselves to guard the territory of their Parrhasian allies. Being unable, however, to save the fort at Cypsela and the towns in Parrhasia, they withdrew. And the Lacedaemonians, after making the Parrhasians independent and pulling down the fort, then returned home. XXXIV. During the same summer, on the return from Thrace of the troops which had gone out with Brasidas 2 and which Clearidas 8 had brought back after the treaty was made, the Lacedaemonians voted that the Helots who had fought with Brasidas should be free and dwell wherever they preferred and not long afterwards they settled them with the Neodamodes 4 at Lepreum on the borders of Laconia and Elis, for they were by this time at variance with
;
* ; lxxx. 5. cf. xxi. 3. clans of new citizens formed of Helots emancipated for service in war.
a
4
The
65
THUCYDIDES
2 'HXetofs* tovs Bh K t>}?
fcal
^v/x^opav
ra<i
fjutfre
KOI tip^d?
TIVCL<$
%OV-
apyeiv
fiijre
/cvpLovs elvai.
iyevovTO.
XXXV.
gvfMfjLaxov.
Tot)
Kal to 6epo$ tovto irav eTTiixei^lai fiev rjaav TOi9 'AOrjvaiois Kal Yle\oTrovvr}o~loL$, viroaiTTevov Be dXXrjXov? ev6v<; fiCTa tcL? cnrovBa? ol re
'AOrjvatoi
Kal
AaKeBaifiovioi
KaTa
ttjv
tcov
ywpiwv dXXrjXoi,? ovk clttoBoctlv. t^ yap ^A/jl^ittoXlv irpoTepoi XaxpvTe? ol AaKeBai/jLovioi clttoBlBovai Kal tcl aX\a ovk direBeBciiKeaav, ovBe roi/?
eVi SpaK7}<; irapei^ov ljvfJLfj,dxov<; Ta? airovBa^ Bexopevovs ovBe Boicotovs ovBe KopivOiov?, XeyovTe? alel &>9 /act 'AOnqvaLCDv tovtovs, r)v fir)
y
6eXwat,, KOivfj
dvayKaaovcnv xpovovs Te
irpov-
OevTO dvev vyypa<f>r)<; ev ols %pr\v tov$ fir) eai4 6vTa$ ap.<f)OTepoL<; iroXepiiov^ elvai. tovtcov ovv y opcovTe? ol A6r)valoi ovBev epyco yiyvofievov,
vircoTTTevov
BiavoelaOai,
1
tou9 AaKeBat/AOViovs firjBev BtKawv wctc ovtc TlvXov airaiTOvvTcov avMeineke'e conjecture for
AiKTijSirjs of
'Akt$
Aifjs,
nearly
all
MBS.
66
BOOK
V. xxxiv. i-xxxv. 4
But as to their men who had been the Eleans. taken on the island and had given up their arms, fearing that these might expect to suffer some degradation because of their misfortune and if they continued in possession of the franchise might attempt a revolution, they disfranchised them, though some of them now held office, and with such a disfranchisement that they could neither hold office nor have the legal right to buy or sell anything. In the course of time, however, they were again
enfranchised.
XXXV. During the same summer also the Dians took Thyssus, a town on the promontory of Athos, which was in alliance with the Athenians. All this summer there was intercourse between the Athenians and Lacedaemonians, but both parties began to suspect one another directly after the conclusion of the treaty, owing to their failure to give back to one another the places specified. The Lacedaemonians, though they had drawn the lot to make restoration first, had not restored Amphipolis and the other places ; nor had they made their allies in Thrace accept the treaty, nor the Boeotians, nor the Corinthians, though they continually professed that they would join the Athenians in coercing these states, if they were unwilling; and they proposed dates, without making a written agreement, on which those who did not accede to the treaty were to be enemies of both. Seeing, then, that none of these things was actually being done, the Athenians suspected the Lacedaemonians of having no just intentions, and so not only did not restore Pylos when the Lacedaemonians demanded
67
THUCYDIDES
zo&v
dXka
teal
tou?
etc
tt)?
vrjo-ov
rd re
Be
aWa
/nev
o~<f)LcTL
tedtcetvoi ttoitj-
aeiav
ra
elpr}/j,eva.
AatceBaijJLovioi
ra
Bvvara
o~<\>L(ji
efiaaav
ireTTOii'jteevai'
'
tou?
yap rrapa
real
teal
Becrp^coras
tou?
eirl
el
rov
aWov
TreipdaeaOai
ecrayayetv
vaicov octol
6
Kopwdiov? e? ras airovBa^ HdvaKrov diroka^elv, real 'AOrjrjaav ev Bo^Tot? al^/jidXcoroL KOfiielv.
teal
tcai
UvXov
diroBovvar
el Be p,r] t
tou? FtiXcoras e^ayayelv, Meo~o-r)VLov<z ye dirb @ pater)?, 'AOrjvaiovs avrol teal tou? tbairep Be (ppovpelv rb ywpiov avrovs, el $ov\ovrai.
7
iroWdfcis Be
teal
ttoW&v
Xoycov yevofievwv ev
'
rco
were i^ayatou?
M.eo-o~r}v(,ov<;
/cal
aWovs
ete
ocroi
rjvTOpLoXrjteecrav
tt)?
8 t?)?
r)v teal
XXXVI. Tou
ypv
eyevovro
efyoBoi trap dXkrfXovs. Be 7r cyty vofievov ^eificovos (ervyap efyopoi erepoi teal ovk e$' wv at airovBal
apypvres
rjBr]
teal
rives
avratv
teal
u//y/.a%/8o? teal irapovrcov AOrjvaieov teal Botereov teal KopivOieov teal rroWa ev a\\i$Xot$ elirov-
68
BOOK
V. xxxv. 4-xxxvi.
even repented that they had restored the it, but prisoners taken on the island, and they continued to
hold the other places, waiting until the Lacedaemonhave fulfilled their part of the contract. The Lacedaemonians said that they had done what was possible ; for they had restored the prisoners of the Athenians that were in their hands, had brought
ians should
back their troops in Thrace, and had done whatever else had been in their power. As to Amphipolis, however, they said that they were not in control of it, so as to deliver it up but they would try to bring the Boeotians and Corinthians into the treaty and to get back Panactum, and would recover all Athenian prisoners that were in the hands of the Boeotians. Pylos, however, they insisted the Athenians should restore to them or at any rate, they should withdraw the Messenians and the Helots, as they themselves had withdrawn their troops from Thrace, and the Athenians themselves might garrison the
;
;
After many and frequent place if they wished. conferences had been held during this summer, they persuaded the Athenians to withdraw from Pylos the Messenians, the rest of the Helots, and all who had deserted from Laconia and these the Athenians settled at Cranii in Cephallenia. This summer, then, there was peace and mutual intercourse. XXXVI. The following winter the ephors who happened to be in office at Sparta were other than those under whom the treaty had been made, and some of them were even opposed to it. Embassies had come from their allies, and there were present also Athenians, Boeotians, and Corinthians ;
;
421-420
and after
much
discussion, without
coming
to
an
69
THUCYDIDES
rcov iea\ ovSev %v/jLf3dvT(ov, cu? airfjaav eir
olkov,
to??
Bo^ojTOt?
Kal
K.opiv$Loi<s
K\e6/3ou\o? KOI
ifiovXovro
B,evdpr)<;,
ovtoi
oXirep
rcov
i(f)6pcop
fidXiara SiaXvaai,
(TKeiv
/JL6VOVS
feed
t<x? o~TTOvhd<$,
\6yovs iroiovvrai
IElovs, irapaivovvres
on
/jtaXiara
ravrd re
yiyvco-
\xdyov<$
yap Aa/ceSaifioviovs
Kal
8ca\uo~ea)<;
irpo tt)?
<77rovBcov
A07jvaLG)v e%#oa<?
tcov
'Apyeiov?
acpitri
to yap "Apyos yeveaOat. alel r/TTLo-TavTo iirtdv[iovvTa^ tous AaKehaipioviovs KaXobs o~<f)L(Ti fyiXiov yeveaOai, r^yovfievov^ rov
(f)(\ov<;
Kal
gvjuLfjLaxovs
2 efo>
/levroi
to pdeo av elvai. YidvaKTOV iBeovro Bota>Toi)? oVa)? irapahd)(Tovcn AaKehai/JLOvlois, Tva dvr avrov UvXov, rjv Evvcovrat, diroXafiovTes paov KaOidTcovrai 'AOrjTlekoTTOvvrjo-ov irokefiov
vaiois e? TToXefMov.
jJLev
diro re rod
<f)i\oi
avrols
rcov
dirayyeVkai
eirl
ra kolvu,
'Apyeicov he hvo avhpes tt}? eKarepoi dve^jjapovv. T dpxv^ *fc p<eyi(TTr)<; eirerripovv diriowas avrovs Kad' 6Sbv Kal gvyyev 6 fievoi ? Xoyou? rfkOov, el
01 Boioorol acpicrt, ^vfifia^ot yevoivro, wairep Kopivflioi Kal 'HXetot Kal MavTivr)?- vo/u&iv yap
7TW?
7o
BOOK
V. xxxvi.
-xxxvii. 2
agreement, as the envoys were on the point of departing for home, Cleobulus and Xenares, the ephors who most desired to annul the treaty, made private proposals to the Boeotians and Corinthians, advising them to adopt as far as possible the same policy, and that the Boeotians should first become allies of the Argives and then try to make the Argives along with themselves allies of the Lacedaemonians. For in this way the Boeotians would be least likely to be forced to come into the treaty with Athens, since the Lacedaemonians would prefer gaining the friendship and alliance of the Argives, counting that more important than the enmity of the Athenians and the For they knew that the disruption of the treaty. Lacedaemonians were always desirous that Argos should be friendly to them on fair terms, thinking that war outside of the Peloponnesus would then be an easier matter for them. Panactum, however, they begged the Boeotians to give up to the Lacedaemonians, in order that they might, if possible, get back Pylos in exchange for it, and so be in a safer position for renewing the war with the Athenians. XXXVII. The Boeotians and Corinthians, being charged by Xenares and Cleobulus and the Lacedaemonians that were friendly to them with these
instructions,
governments,
cities.
now returned
to
their
respective
But two Argive men of highest official position, who were watching for them by the way as they went off, joined them and made a proposal to them, in the hope that the Boeotians might become allies to them, just as the Corinthians, Eleans, and Mantineans had done for they thought, if this
;
71
THUCYDIDES
av tovtov TTpoywpr)aavTO'i pa$i(t><; tjBtj teal iroXeel fitv teal cnrepheaOai teal Trpbs AateeSai/jLOPiovs,
fiovkoivro,
3 7T/D0?
fiecriv
Koivco
Seoi.
\6yq) xpwiiepovs,
teal
et
rtva
aXkov
Trpea-
dteovovatp rjpecrteep' Kara rv^v yap iSeovTO tovtcov oivirep teal ol etc t?)? AateeBalteal ol twv fiovos avTots <j)i\oL eireaTaXteeaap.
'Apyeioop avhpes &>9 jjadovro avrovs he^ofiivov^ top Xoyop, eliropres oti Trpecrfleis ireix-^rovaiv e? Se ol BotcoTOt 4 BoiO)TOu?, airrjXOov. ol(J)lk6/jLPOI> dir^yyeiXav Tot? fioicoTapxcus rd re etc T779 AaeSal/JLOPo? teal
ra
cltto tgjp
Ov/jLorepoL
rjaap,
ore
a/jLcfrorepcoOep
avrols tovs re ^>t\ou9 tcop Aatee8ai/j,opi(op r<ap y avrcop SelaOai real tou? ApyeLov<; e? ra ofiola ov 7roAAa> teal 5 GTrevheiP. varepop irpecrfteis
iraprjo-ap
teal
ol
'Apyeicop ra elprjfiepa TrpoteaXoufiepor avroix; direirey^ap eiraipeo-apres toi>9 \6yovs fioiatTcipyai fcal 7roecr/3ei9 b'noo")(p^epoi airott)9 f u/z/za%/a9 9 "Apyos. ebotcei trpwrop 'Ei/ he tout
areXelp irepl
XXXVIII.
Tot? dirb
toU
teal
fioMordpxaiS xal
pater]?
/jltj
K.opt,i>0Loi<;
teal
Meyapevat
\o9
rj
fi7)p
heofiepw teal
dpev koiptjs
teal
iroXep,rjaetP to> firjhe ^vfi^ijo-eadac ypco/mrjs, teal o#Tft>9 r)8r] tou9 Boi&)Toi>9
fioiwrapyat'
1
cf. ch.
72
BOOK
common
V. xxxvii. 2-xxxvm. 1
all
pursuing a
on war or make peace with the Lacedaemonians, if they should wish, or with anyone else with whom it might be necessary. The Boeotian envoys were pleased at hearing these things for by good luck these men were asking the same things as their friends at Lacedaemon had enjoined upon them. And the Argive men, seeing that they were inclined to accept the proposal, told them they would send envoys to the Boeotians and went away. On coming home the Boeotians reported to the boeotarchs the proposal made at Lacedaemon and also that of the Argives who had met them on the way; and the boeotarchs were pleased and were now far more eager for this arrangement, because matters had turned out to their liking in both directions their friends among the Lacedaemonians wanting the same things as they did, and the Argives striving for a like end. Not long after this envoys came from the Argives with the proposals that have been mentioned and the boeotarchs assented to their proposals and sent
;
them away with a promise to dispatch envoys to Argos to negotiate the alliance. XXXVIII. In the meantime it was determined by the boeotarchs and the Corinthians, the Megarians, and the envoys from Thrace, first, to bind themselves by oaths one to another, that assuredly when occasion offered they would assist the one that needed help and would not go to war with anyone or make peace without a common agreement and that then and only then the Boeotians and the l Megarians for they were acting in concert should make a treaty with the Argives. But before the oaths were sworn the boeotarchs communicated
;
73
THUCYDIDES
ffovXat?
rwv
BofWTwv ravra,
a'lrrep
dirav
to
iroXeaiv, oaai fiovXovrai iir wfyeXiq acplai %vvool B ev rals ffovXals twv H$ouoto)v ovres
1
fir)
evavrla
d^earwai
KopcvOlois
tjvvojjLvvvT<;'
ov yap
elrrov clvtols ol
fioiwrdpyai Ta etc ttJ9 Aa/ceSai/jLOvos, on rcov re i(j)6pcov K\eo/3ou\o? ical Hevdpr)? teal ol cpiXoi
irapaivovcriv
'Apyeicov
irptorov
/cal
Kav
4
fir)
elircoaiv,
ovk aXXa
^Jrrjcj)iLcrdai,
r)
a ofyiai
to
patcr]s
ical
irpoBiayvovres
irapaivovcnv.
co?
Be ol
dvrearr)
drrb
ical
fieXXovre? Trporepov,
ovieeri
ravra
7T/?o?
eireicrav,
rrjv
v fifiaxiav iretpdaeaOai
ecrrjveyfcav rrepl
XXXIX. Kal
M.r)fcv{3epvav
ev
rco
'
avrCo
yeificovi
rovrco
'OXvvdtot,
AOrjvaicov eppovpovvrcov
alel
Xoyot toZs
re
1
AOrjvaLOL?
fifr
ical
tup of MSS. as
Hude
reads.
74
BOOK
these resolutions Boeotians which recommended that cities as wished to
assistance.
V. xxxviii. 2- xxxix. 2
to
the
four
councils
of
the
supreme authority, and oaths be exchanged with such take oaths with them for mutual
have
the members of the Boeotian not accept the proposal, fearing that they might offend the Lacedaemonians by taking oaths with the Corinthians who had seceded from their confederacy. For the boeotarchs did not tell
But
council did
Lacedaemon that it Xenares, and their own friends who advised them first to become allies of the Argives and Corinthians, and then in conjunction with these to become allies of the Lacedaeat
1 they thought that the council, without would not such vote for statement, making any any other course than that which they had previously
monians
their
for
upon and now recommended. But now, when the Corinthians and the envoys from Thrace went away without accomplishing their purpose ; and the boeotarchs, who had before inresolved
this difficulty arose,
they carried these measures, to try to the alliance with the Argives, did not now bring before the councils the matter concerning the Argives, nor did they send to Argos the envoys they had promised ; and there was neglect and delay in the whole business. XXXIX. In the course of this same winter, the 2 Olynthians by a sudden attack captured Mecyberna which was garrisoned by the Athenians. After this, while conferences were continually going on between the Athenians and Lacedaetended,
if
effect also
The four councils here doubtless considered as one body. port town of Olynthus ; cf. ch. xviii. 7.
75
THUCYDIDES
aXX-nXcov) eXiri^ovje*;
ol
AatceBai/juovioi,
el
Ila-
vaKTOv
irapa Boicotwv diroXd/Boiev, Ko/JLiaaaOcLL av avrol TlvXov, rjXOov 9 tol"? T$oudtovs 7rpe(r/3v6/jL6P0i teal iBeovro cr^lat Tldvaterov
^AOrjvaloi,
teal
T6
3 iva
ovtc
rou9
'AOrjvaioov
Beo-jjLcbras
TrapaBovvai,
ol Be BolcotoI
IBiav
e<paaav diroBcoaeiv, r\v \xr\ <r(j)io~i, gv fijjba^iav it oi7] a covt a i cbaTrep 'AOijvaiois. AatceBaiBe elBores fxev
fjLovioi
on
dBiteijaovaiv 'AOyvaiovs,
firJTe
elprjfjbivov
firjre
avev
dXXrjXcov
airevBeadai to)
to
Tldvaterov
ko/jllov-
iroXepielv,
a>9
fiov\6p,evoi
rrjv
Be
irapaXaftelv
fievoi,
teal
TlvXov dvr
tjvyxeai
avrov
a/xa
tcov
airevBovToav
ra<;
teal 7r/?09
teal
petro.
XL. "Afia
Oepov?
tov iiuyiyvopLevov
ol 'Apyeloi, o>9 oX
re
tt
twv
ol9
ecpacrav irep^revv
ov%
to re Tld-
teal
777309
i^v^a^iav
tou9 AaveAateeBai-
real 69
2 /jlovlovs
tovs yap Romotovs (povro ireirelaQai virb AatceBaifiovlayv to t Tldvaterov teaOeXelv teal 69 ra<; *A6i)vaLwv
r)
iraaa
tjv/jL/ia%La
X w P^l a V
o-ttovBcls eatevai,
76
BOOK
V. XXXIX. 2-XL.
monians about places belonging to which they respectively held, the in the hope that, if the Athenians Panactum from the Boeotians,
might recover Pylos, sent envoys to the Boeotians and begged them to deliver up Panactum and the Athenian prisoners to themselves, in order that they might recover Pylos in exchange for these. But the
Boeotians refused
to
give
them
up,
unless
they
would make a separate alliance with them just as with the Athenians. Now the Lacedaemonians knew that they would thereby be wronging the Athenians, inasmuch as it was stipulated not to make either peace or war with anyone without mutual consent, yet they wished to obtain Panactum in order to recover Pylos in exchange for it. Besides, the party that was eager to break the treaty was zealous for the connection with the Boeotians. So they concluded the alliance, when the winter was closing and the spring at hand and the demolition of Panactum was immediately begun. So ended the
;
eleventh year of the war. XL. At the very beginning of the following March, 420BC summer, when the envoys whom the Boeotians did not the to send come, Argives, promised perceiving that Panactum was being demolished and a private alliance had been made by the Boeotians with the Lacedaemonians, began to fear that they would be left alone and the whole confederacy would go over to the Lacedaemonians. For they thought that the Boeotians had been persuaded by the Lacedaemonians to raze Panactum and to accede to the treaty with the Athenians, and that the Athenians knew these things, so that it was no
77
THUCYDIDES
cocrre
en
fia^lav TTOtrjcraaOai, irporepov iXirl^ovres i/c tcov Biacpopcov, el firj /neiveiav auTot? at irpb<; AafceBaifjioviovs airovBai, Tot?
yovv 'AOrjvcdois
^vpLfjua^ot,
3 ecreaQai.
diropovvres ovv ravra ol ^Apyelou koX AcucehaifiovLois /cat Teyedrats, /jLTj cj)of3ov/jLvoi Bota)TOt? koI A6rjvaioL<; dfia TroXepLcocrt, irporepov ov Bexopevot, ra9 Aa/ceBaipLOVLcov cnrov8d<s> dXX' iv <^povrjfJLaTL 6Vt9 tt}? TItkoTrovvrjcrov rfyqcrecrOai,
'
eirepLTTOv a>?
7rpeo-f3ei9
iBwavro Ta^iara
teal
EvcrTpofov
Acacova,
iTpo<T<f)L\e<JTaTOL
avrois elvai,
77790?
oTTTj
tcov
irapovrcov KpdricrTa,
Aa/ceBaipboviovs ltttovi;vyx<i>py>
Ba?
TT0i7)aaiA6V0i
av
^crv^iav
XLI. Kat
&7T0L0VVT0
2
crcj)iaiv
7T/0O?
al airovBal yiyvoiVTO. zeal to fiev irpcorov ol 'Apyeioi rj^lovv 8i/cr)<; iinrpoiT'qv crcpicri yeveaOai ttoKiv Tiva y) IBicbrrjv irepl t?;9 Kvvovpia? yr)?, 7] e? 775 alel irepi Biacpipovrcu pedopias ovcrr)? (e^ei Be
iv avTjj
vpeav
aXV el fiovXovrai crirevBeaQai coenrep irporepov, erolpioi elvai, ol 'Apyeioi Trpeafteis rdBe o/mco^ iirrjydyovTO tovs AafceBaLfiovlovs ^vy^coprjcrai, iv fiev rco irapovn
Baip,ovlcov fifJLvrjcrOat irepl avTrjs,
o~irov8a<$
ironfja acrOai
err}
irevrrjicovTa, igeivai 8*
fi7]T
i.e.
of the
78
BOOK
V. XL. 2-XLI. 2
longer possible for them to make an alliance even with the Athenians ; whereas they had formerly hoped that if their treaty with the Lacedaemonians should not continue they might at any rate, in 1 become allies of consequence of the differences, the Athenians. Being then in such perplexity and fearing lest they might have war at once with the Lacedaemonians and Tegeates, the Boeotians and the Athenians, the Argives, who before this had not accepted the treaty with the Lacedaemonians but proudly hoped to have the hegemony of the Peloponnesus, now sent to Lacedaemon in all haste
envoys, Eustrophus and Aeson, who seemed most acceptable to them, thinking it best under the present circumstances to make a treaty with the Lacedaemonians in whatever way
two
likely to be
might be feasible and to have quiet. XLI. On their arrival their envoys made proposals to the Lacedaemonians as to the terms on which the At first the Argives treaty should be concluded. claimed that they should be allowed to submit to the arbitration of some city or private person the matter
a district containing the of the Cynurian territory towns of Thyrea and Anthene and occupied by the Lacedaemonians which being border ground they were always disputing about. Afterwards, however, although the Lacedaemonians would not permit them to make mention of that district, but said that, if they wished to make a treaty on the same terms as before, they were ready to do so, the Argive envoys did induce the Lacedaemonians to agree to the following terms for the present that a treaty should be made for fifty years that, however, either Lacedaemon or Argos, provided there were at the time
79
THUCYDIDES
yeaBai
Se
fit}
3 AateeSal/mova
fiev
twv
7T/oo?
"Apyo?
teal
Aa/eeSai/jboviot,?
to
TrpwTOv
ficopia
elvai
ravra,
erreira
(erred vfjuovv
yap to "Apyos
<'
$jvvXa)pr)(Tav
^vveypd^avTo.
ri\o$ re avrwv
itceXevov
ol AateeBai/JLovioi, rrplv
eyeiv, e? to "Apyos rrpwTOv eirava^wprjaavTa^ auTOu? Bel^aL tg> irXrjOei, teal rjv dpeateovra rj, r\teeiv 5 ra *Tatdv0ia tou? opteovs irouqaopikvovs.
teal ol fiev
aveXG>pyo~av.
XLII. 'Ez> Be r& %povw tovtg) w ol *Apyeloi ravra err paacrov, ol irpeo-(Sei<$ rcop AateeSaifiovLcov
'AvBpofievr)? teal
ehei
<&a[8t,fjL0<;
teal
'AvTijAevlBas, ou?
to Udvaterov
teal
tol9
fxev
BoLCorcov rrapaXaftovras 'Adrjvaiots diroBovvat,, to TidvatCTov virb to>v JSoicotwv avrcov tcaOyprje/e
Biacfropas rrepl
avrov
opteot,
rraXaiol
vepueiv,
'
/jLrjSerepov<; olteeXv
to ywpiov
dXXd
tcoivrj
to 1)9 8* avBpas 01)9 el^ov al^fjuaXcoTov^ Boi&JTOt 'AOrjvaiav 7rapaXaf36vT<; ol rrepl tov AvBpOfievr) etcofitcav to?9 AO^vaioi^ teal dire'
Socrav,
tov re Tlavaterov
ttjv tea0aipo~tv
eXeyov
avTois, vofJLi^ovTes teal tovto diroBiBovar iroXey avrS> A0r]vaioi<; oltajaew fiLOv yap ovteeri iv
660
b.0.
cf.
Hdfc.
1.
lxxxii.
80
BOOK
V. XLI. 2-XLII.
neither pestilence nor war in either place, might challenge the other to decide by battle the question about this territory just as once before, 1 when each had claimed to be victorious but pursuit must not be made beyond the boundaries, between Argos and Lacedaemon. At first this seemed to the Lacedaemonians mere folly, but afterwards, as they desired under any circumstances to have Argos friendly to them, they accepted the conditions demanded and Hut the Lacedaejoined in a written agreement. monians urged the envoys first, before any of the provisions should be regarded as settled, to return to Argos and lay the matter before the people, and then, if it should be satisfactory to them, to come to the Hyacinthian festival and take the oaths. So they withdrew. XLI I. In the meantime, while the Argives were negotiating these matters, the Lacedaemonian envoys,
Andromenes, Phaedimus and Antimenidas, who were to take over Panactum and the prisoners from the Thebans and restore them to the Athenians, found that Panactum had been destroyed by the Boeotians themselves, on the pretext that once in former times, when there had been a quarrel about Panactum, oaths had been exchanged between the Athenians and Boeotians, that neither should inthey should graze it in of the Athenians, however, whom the Boeotians held as prisoners, Andromenes and his colleagues received these from them, and bringing them back restored them to the Athenhabit
district,
the
but
common.
As
for the
men
ians.
They
also
told
Panactum, claiming that this, too, was a restoration for thereafter no one hostile to the Athenians would
81
THUCYDIDES
2 ovBeva,
iirolovv, vofiuovT<i aBitceiadai, viro AaKeBaipLOvicov rov re TlavdfCTOv rfj KaOaipeaeL, o eSei opOov
zeal
Bojo>to9
tou?
purj
T779
%vvdi]K7)<;
7T/909
Kal
^aXe7rc5?
tou?
diroKpLvdpevoi
direTrepb-tyav.
hrj
y
tovs
A6r)valov<; ol iv
rah
o-irovSas evdvs
'AXKifSidBr]*; 6
<bv
veos
&>?
ctXXrj iroXei, a^icopari Se irpoyovcov repcopevo^ a> ihoKet, piev Kal apueivov elvai irpos tou? 'Apyeiovs
pdWov
Nj/aou
'Xjcopelv,
ov puevrot
oti
dXka
teal
(jypovjjpan
Sta.
(piXovifcoov
fcal
rjvavTtovro,
AafceBaipbovioi
t<x? airovhd^,
Aa^ro?
enrpa^av
eav-
rov Kara re
ttjv veorrjra
ttjv irakaiav irpo^eviav irore ovaav ov TipijaavT9, fy TOV ITaTTTTOV dlTUlTOVTO^ aVTOS TOVS K TTJ5
vrjaov avTcov
at%//,a\<wTOf 9
3 dvavecoaaaOai,.
1
cf.
ch. xxxv. 3.
B.C.,
age.
gf
BOOK
V.
xlii. i-xliii.
The moment this was said the dwell in it. Athenians were very indignant, thinking that they were wronged by the Lacedaemonians, both in the demolition of Panactum, which ought to have been restored to them intact, and because they heard that the Lacedaemonians had made a separate alliance with the Boeotians, although they had said before * that they would join in coercing any that did not And they took into consideration accept the treaty. the other matters wherein the Lacedaemonians had failed in their contract and in which they thought and so they gave the they had been deceived envoys an angry answer and sent them away. XLIII. As now the Lacedaemonians were thus at variance with the Athenians, the party at Athens that wished to annul the treaty at once became
;
longed,
To this party beothers, Alcibiades son of Cleinias, a man who, though as regards his age he would in any other city have been accounted even at that time as
urgent in pressing their views.
among
2 young, was held in honour on account of the worth of his ancestors. To him it seemed really to be better to side with the Argives; it was not that alone, however, for he also opposed the treaty because he was piqued in his pride because the Lacedaemonians had negotiated it through Nicias and Laches, overlooking him on account of his youth and not showing him the respect that was due him on account of the old proxeny that once existed 3 in his family. This relationship, though his grandfather had renounced it, he himself was by his attentions to their captives from Sphacteria now planning to renew. And so considering himself in
still
qf. vi.
83
THUCYDIDES
aovadcu to re
(f>d(TKcov elvai
(7(f)
irpcorov
avrelirev,
ov fieftaiov?
y
AatceBaifiovlov?,
dX\
iva 'Apyeiovs
lot i
eV
A0rj-
vaiov<;
rovrov
r)
evetea
airevBecrQat,
avTovSy
7re/JL7TL
Tore, erretBr}
Biafyopd eyeyevrjro,
evOvs 69 "Apyos
teal
rd^icrra
teal
eVl rrjv
i)k6iv jmerd
MavTLvicov
'HXeicop,
&)?
teaipov
0W09
TT79
rd
y
fidXio~ra.
Apyeloi
aKOvoravre^
dyyeXias
9
ov
p,er
A6r}valcov
,
irpa^Oelaav
tou?
v /jufia^lav
dXX'
rrpb<$
irpecTpecov,
r&v fiev iv AateeBai/j,ovi o-^iai irepl rcov airovBojv erv^ov dirovres, rjfieXovv, Trpbs Be tou9 'AOrjvaiovs fidXXov
rrjv yvco/jbrjv el^ov, vofil^ovres troXiv re afyiai fyiXiav dirb iraXaiov teal BrjfjuofcparovfievTjv coairep teal avrol teal Bvva/Jbiv fieydXrjv e^ovvav rrjv teard
^vp,7roXefirjcreiv
eire/JLirov
OdXaaaav
J
2 rat 69 nToke/JLOV.
a>9
tou9 A6r)vaiov<; rrepl 7-779 gv fjbfia^ia^' 3 fievovro Be teal 'HXeioi teal Mavrivr]?.
Be
teal
^vveirpecrd<f>lteovro
rd%o<;, Boteovvres eirirrfBecot, elvai rots 'AOrjvaLOis, <>iXo%aplBa<; re teal Aewv teal "EvBios, Beiaavres p,rj
nrpear(3ei<;
AatceBaijAovicov
teard
rr)V re
^v fifia^iav dpyi6/uevoi
teal
717)09
rovs* Apyeiovs
rroirjatevraL,
dfia
UvXov
dirairrjcrovres dvrl
84
BOOK
in
V.
xliii.
3-xliv. 3
every way slighted, he both spoke against the treaty the first instance, alleging that the Lacedaemonians were not to be trusted, but that their object in making the treaty was, that by concluding a treaty with the Athenians they might utterly overthrow the Argives and then proceed against the Athenians when thus isolated and at the present time, alter the difference had occurred, he promptly dispatched a
;
message to Argos privately, bidding them come as quickly as possible, along with the Mantineans and Eleans, and invite the Athenians to form an alliance, as the moment was favourable and he himself would
cooperate to the utmost. XLIV. When the Argives received this message and realized that the alliance with the Boeotians had been made without the consent of the Athenians, but that these were involved in a serious quarrel with the Lacedaemonians, they took no further thought about their envoys at Lacedaemon, who had gone thither on the matter of the treaty, and gave their attention rather to the Athenians, thinking that a city which had been of old friendly to them and was
governed by a democracy, just as they were, and possessed great power on sea, would enter the war along with them, should they be involved in war. Accordingly, they at once sent envoys to Athens to negotiate the alliance ; and there went with them also envoys of the Eleans and Mantineans. But thither came, too, in all haste, envoys of the Lacedaemonians
Philocharidas, Leon, and Endius, for there was fear that the Athenians in their anger might make the alliance with the Argives; and the envoys were also to demand the restoration of Pylos in place of
85
THUCYDIDES
Wavd/CTOV,
iiroirjaaPTO.
/cal irepl rrjs
co?
Xoyrjaofievoi
ov/c
iirl
/ca/cq>
tcop
AOripaLcop
XLV. Kal
tcop /cal
ct>?
XeyopTe? ip
rrj fiovXrj
irepi
T tov-
gvfiftrjpat, tcop
fiovp
fir)
icai,
e?
top
Brjfjiop
tclvtcl Xeycoaup,
'
iiraydyoapTai to
2 ^vfifiayia.
7r\rj0o<; /cal
dirwaOfj
r)
ApyeLwp
avTofc Sou?,
o/ioiXoyrjacocnp ip
tg>
Brjfup
avTO/epaTOpes rj/cetp, TivXop T auTOi? aTroBooaeiP (irelcreip yap auTO? ^AOrjpaLovs, cocrirep /cal pvp
3 aPTtXiyeip) teal gvpaWdgew. /3ov\6fiepo<; Be avTovs Ni/ciov T aTroaTrjcrcu TavTa eirpaaae real oVft)?, ip tg) Brjfiw 8ia/3a\o))P avrovs co? ovBep
TaWa
akrjOes ip
4
pq> eypvaip ovBe Xeyovatp ovBeiroTe tou? TavTa, 'ApyeLovs /cal 'H\eou? /cal Map-
Tipeas ^Vfifid^ovf;
i7TiBr)
iroirjarj.
/cal
iyepeTO ovtcos.
yap
T(Ofiepoc ov/c
top
r)aap evdvs iz a pay ay opt e^ tou? Apyeiovs tovs fieT avTtop %v fifid'xpvs TToiecadai' creio
8k
fiov
yevofiipov
T77
8*
irplp
ti
iTri/cvpcoOrjpai,
r)
XLVI.
86
vaTepaia
i/e/cXrjauj
Ni/aa?,
BOOK
for
V. xliv. 3-xlvi.
Panactum, and to say at the same time, in excuse the Boeotian alliance, that it had not been made with a view to injuring the Athenians. XLV. Speaking in the senate on these points, and saying that they had come with full power to settle all their differences, they filled Alcibiades with alarm lest, if they should say the same things to the assembly, they should win over the people and the Argive alliance might be rejected. So he adopted the followHe persuaded the Laceing device against them
:
daemonians, by pledging them his faith, that, if they would not admit before the assembly that they had come with full powers, he would restore Pylos to them for he himself would use his influence with the Athenians for them as now he opposed them He and would settle the other points at issue. resorted to such methods because he wished to detach them from Nicias, and in order that he might accuse them before the assembly of having no sincere intentions and of never saying the same things, and thereby might effect an alliance with the Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans. And so it turned out For when, on coming before the popular assembly and being asked whether they had come with full " powers, they answered No," contrary to what they had said in the senate, the Athenians could endure it no longer, but hearkened to Alcibiades, who inveighed against the Lacedaemonians far more than before, and were ready at once to bring in the Argives and their confederates and conclude an alliance. But before anything was ratified an
this
assembly was
ad-
THUCYDIDES
/caiirep,
Kal avrbs
irepl
tov
firj
avTO/cpd-
ropas opoXoyfjcrai
e(j)7)
rjfceiv, op,co<;
tois Aa/ceSai/jLOVLOis
eiri-
ayovTCL*;
ra
irpbs 'ApyeLovs
irep^ai en
go?
clvtovs
Kal elBevat 6
<r(j)Tpq)
n
}
Siavoovvrai,
ev 8e rep
\eywv
ev p,ev
tw
rbv
ev
Ka\S>
eKetvcov
o~(j>io~i
d'npeirel
p,ev
TTokepov
o-to)T(ov
dvafidWeaOar
rcov
yap
irpaypdrcov
a>?
eirl
TrXeZcrrov
apiGTOv
eKeivoi*;
eivai
BiaacoaaadaL
ttjv
evirpayiav,
Be
8vo-tv%ovo~iv
on
rd^icrra
evprjpa
2 eivai BtaKivBvvevaai.
fteis,
eireiae
rjv,
re irep^^ai irpea-
wi/
Kal
atrro?
KeXevaovras
AaKeKal ttjv
UdvaKrov
re
T$omot(ov
r\v
/jltj
e?
Ta?
o~7rov8d<;
Kaddirep etprjTO avev dWrfXayv pbrjBevl elirelv re eKeXevov on Kal o-<et?, el ^vpifSalveiv.
eaiwaiy
eftovXovTO dBtKelv,
ireiroLrjoSait
a>?
tjBtj
av
'
irapelval
tovtov eveKa*
et re
n aWo
eTUGTeikavjes direiTep.^fav tovs irepl rbv NiKLav Kal d<j)iKopevQ)V avrcov Kal dirayyeLirpeo-fieis.
XdvTcav id re
aWa
el
p>rj
88
BOOK
V. xlvi. 1-4
Nicias, although, as the Lacedaemonians had themselves been deceived, so he too had been deceived in the matter of their admission that they had not
come with
full powers, nevertheless still maintained that they ought to become friends with the Lacedaemonians rather than with the Argives; and ac-
cordingly he proposed that, deferring the question of the Argive alliance, they should again send envoys to the Lacedaemonians and find out what their inHe urged the view that the posttentions were. ponement of hostile operations was honourable for themselves but humiliating for the Lacedaemonians; for as matters stood well for themselves, it was best to preserve their good fortune as long as possible,
whereas for the Lacedaemonians, who were in hard luck, it would be clear gain to risk a decisive contest as quickly as possible. So he persuaded them to send envoys, himself being one, to urge the Lacedaethey had any just intentions, to restore and Amphipolis, and to give up the unless these should alliance with the Boeotians accede to the treaty in accordance with the stipulation which had been arrived at that neither should enter into an agreement with any third party without the consent of the other. The ambassadors were instructed also to say that, if the Athenians had wished to do wrong, they would already have made the Argives allies, as their envoys were present for that very purpose; and any other complaints which they had to make they included in their instructions to Nicias and his colleagues and then
monians,
if
Panactum
intact
When these had arrived and had finished reciting their other demands, they said in conclusion that, unless the Lacedaemonians
VOL. in.
89
THUCYDIDES
TT)V tjv/J,fJLa'%iaV OLVrjcTOVCTl BoCt)TOt9
fit}
ItTlOVCTlV 9
ras cnrovBds, iroojcrovTai ical avroi 'Apyeiov? ical tou? fier avrcov gv/ifidxovs, rrjv fiev ^v/ifia^Lav
ol Aa/ceBaifiovwi Bo^gjtoZ?, ov/c ecfracrav avtfcreiv,
iwiKpaTOVprcov tcov
irepl
ravra ylyveordai
r)aav,
ical
oaoi
aWoi tt}?
avTr)<; yvcofir)?
tou?
Be
op/covs Beofievov
Niklov dveveco-
aavTO' icpojSelro yap fir) irdvTa dreXr) eywv direkOrj real BiafiXrjOj), oirep ical iyevera, aiTtos Bo/ccov elvai tcov 7r/>o? AaiceBaip,ovLov<; trirovhcov. 5 dva^wpTqaavTO^ re avrov go? rjicovcrav ol AOrjvaloi
'
ovBev K
6pyr}<}
t?}? Aa/ceSaLfiovo*; ireirpayfievov, evOix; Bt, efyov, ical vo/jliovt<; dBucelcrdai (eru^ov
*
Apyeloi ical ol ^vfipba^oi, irapayayovro? 'AXKiftidBov) eiroirjaavTO airovBas ical ^vpupaylav 7rpo? avrovs Tr]vBe. XLVII. " ^irovBas k/carbv
yap
7rapovT<; ol
eiroir)cravTO
'A6r)vaioi
err)
ical
'Apyetoi
1
ical
MavTivrjs
ical
aW^Xof?,
tov
apxovcuv
dBoXovs
Kara yr)v ical icara OdXaacrav. ""OirXa Be p,rj etjecTTCo eirccpepeiv eirl irr)p,ovrj purJTe 'Apyeiovs ical 'HXe/oi/? ical Mavriveas ical tov?
gv ppLayovs
irrl
tou? fi^/za^ou? tou? 2 eVt tov *A0r)va?OL 'Apyelov? apyovaiv fu/zyza%ot'? ical 'HXeiof? ical Mavriveas ical tov? ^vpLpLa^ov^, T ^X V V fiyBe fir)X av V fiV^f11 ?' " rdBe i~vp,fidxov<; elvai 'AOijvaiovs Kal 3
'AOrjvaiovs
ical
'
tov
apxovaiv
Ram
npbs aWfaovs, restored from the inscription recording See note, p. 96. this treaty [C.I. A. iv. p. 15 f., No. 46 b). 3 S>v &pxovoiv 'AOrjvtuot reatored by Kirchhoff from the
1
inscription*
90
BOOK
V. xlvi. 4-xlvii. 3
should give up the alliance with the Boeotians, in case these would not accede to the treaty, they themselves would make an alliance with the Argives and their confederates. But the Lacedaemonians refused to give up the alliance with the Boeotians the party of Xenares the ephor and all the rest that were of that view carrying their point to this but the oaths they renewed on Nicias' reeffect quest for he was afraid that he would return with nothing accomplished and be exposed to calumny, as indeed happened, since he was generally regarded as having been responsible for the treaty with the Lacedaemonians. On his return, when the Athenians heard that nothing had been done at Lacedaemon, they flew into a rage, and thinking they had been wronged, when Alcibiades brought in the Argives
and their allies, who chanced to be present, they made an alliance with them on the following terms XLVII. 1. "The Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans have made a treaty with one another for a hundred years, on behalf of themselves and the allies over whom they have authority respectively, to be observed without fraud or hurt both by land and sea. 2. "It shall not be allowed to bear arms with
:
harmful
intent,
either
for
allies
whom
the
Athenians have
whom
allies over Athenians have authority against the Argives, Eleans, Mantineans and their allies, by any
and the
the
art or device.
3.
9i
THUCYDIDES
'Apyeiovs
T7J'
'
'
teal
'HXetou?
teal
fiorjdeiv
Apyeiovs
*A6r)va%e, kcl6* o ti av eirayyeXXoacrLV 'AOrjvaZoi, TpOTTtt) OTTOLG) CLV BvVCOVTai ICTyV pOT aT (p KCL7CL TO
Svvarov rjv Be BycocravTes ooxoyvTat, iroXefiiav elvai ravrrjv rrjv ttoXlv 'Apyeioi? teal MavTivevai teal 'HXetot? teal A6r)vaioi<; teal /carcebs izaayeiv viro diraacav twv iroXecov tovtcov /caraXveiv Be
''
pr) e^elvai tov iroXepuov 7T/oo? ravTtjv Trjv ttoXlv r)v pur) dirdaau^ Bo/cfj. p/qBepia rcov iroXecov, y " 1 V>or]6elv Be /cal A6r)vaiov<; is"Apyo<? ical e?
Mavriveiav
yeicov,
/cal 9
*H\/,
rj
rjv
rrjv
MavTivecov
ttjv 'A/j-
to Bvvarov
/cal
rjv Be Brjooaavres ol^oavTaL, iroXepiav elvai ravTTjv rrjv iroXiv AOrjvaiois /cal Apyeuois
' '
MavTivevai
ical
'HXetot?
/cal /ca/coos
TTavyeiv
/caraXveiv Be
igeivai tov troXepov TTpbs TavTrjv TrjviroXiv pur)z Bepia to)v ir6Xewv, rjv pur] dirdcrai^ Bo/cj}.* tir OirXa Be purj eav e%ovTa<; Buevai eirl iroXipiw Bid tt}<; yrjs t?}? crcf>eTepa<; avTtov /cal tcov vpLpdycov eav apypvaiv e/caaTOi, pr/Be /card OdXaaaav, rjv prj ^\rr]^iaapbV(tiv tojv iroXecov diraacov Trjv BloBov elvai, 'AOrjvaicov /cal ^Apyelwv /cal MavTivecov /cal 'HXeicov.
1
Added by
HTjtiefiiq.
Stahl.
Added by
Stahl.
by Kirchhoff according
92
BOOK
shall
V. xlvii. 3-5
a hundred years on the following an enemy invade the territory of the Athenians, the Argives, Eleans and Mantineaiis shall bring aid to Athens, according as the Athenians may send them word, in whatever way they can most but if the effectually, to the limit of their power invaders shall have ravaged the land and gone, that city shall be hostile to the Argives, Mantineans, Eleans, and Athenians, and shall suffer at the hands and to discontinue hostilities of all these states against that state shall not be allowed to any one of
be
:
allies for
terms
If
bring aid to
Elis, if
an enemy come
against the territory of the Eleans or that of the Mantineans or that of the Argives, according as these states send word, in whatever way they can
most
power
but
if
the invader shall have ravaged the land and gone, that city shall be hostile to the Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans, and shall suffer ill at the
hands of
tilities
all
these states
against that state shall not be allowed to any one of these states, unless all agree. " It shall not be 5. permitted to pass under arms
with hostile intent through their own territory or that of the allies over whom they severally have
authority, nor
by sea, unless passage shall have been voted by all of these states, Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans.
93
BOOK
,
V, turn.
t-o
rt\ievin% force the state which . farntfn pro rifions lor thirty qmj% after their *rrir*\ in the tt*U which tent ft* mecfmr,Mn6 to like manner on their return; but if they wish to use
lor
heary-armed or
light-armed troops or bowmen, three Aejpnetan cools 1 per dey, *l for a cavalryman one Aegmeten
" The state which sent for the troops shall here " whenever the war is to its territory. Bet if it shell seem good to ell the states to make e joint all the states shall shore the obere,all expedition anywhere,
7,
swear to the treaty for hot the Argrves, Mantineans, Eleans, and their allies shall swear to it individual! y by states* And they shall severally swear the oath that is most tending in their own country, oyer full-grown victims. And the oath shall be as wffl abide by the alliance follows: accordance with its stipulations, justly and without injury and without guile, and will not transgress it by any art or
shall
and
their
allies,
device/
senate and
oath shall be sworn at Athens by the the home 1 magistrates, the prytanes riminiatriiiie it; at Argus by the senate and the eighty and the ortynae, the eighty administering the oath; at Mantmea by the demiurgi and the senate and the other magistrates, the theori and the
9.
About && or li< * Abort la, id. or JB em*, i.t. taoos tactions
"The
whom
THUCYDIDES
TroXefiapxov ev 8k "H\i8i oi B^fiiovpyol
e^aicoaiot,
10
]
ical
oi
e^opicovvTcov Be oi Bi^fiiovpyol
ical oi
0a/JLO(pv\aK<;.
lovras ?
teal
Tpi&fcovTCL
7]jjLpai<$
irpb 'OXvfiTTicov,
Apyeiovs Be
Be/ca
'HXet'ou?
ical
Mavrivias lovTas'Adrjva^e
11
7}pApcu<$ irpb TIavaOrjvaLcov rcov fieydXcov. " Ta? Be tjvvOrf/eas ra? ire pi t&v arirovBwv
ical
fu/i/xa^ta? avaypdyp-ai ev aTrfkr) \iQlvrj 'AOrjvaiovs p.ev ev TroXei, 'Apyeiovs Be ev ayopa ev rod 'AttoXXwi/o? t<w ieptp, M.av-
twv
opKeov
teal
t^?
Be ev tov Ato? ra> iepco ev rfj ayopa' Karadevroyv Be ical 'OXvfnriacri, crrrjXrjv ^aXicfjv KOLvfj 'OXuyLt7TtOt9 TOt? VVvL
riveas
12
'Eai> Be ti Boktj afieivov elvai rats iroXevi TavTat,? irpoaQelvai 7T/30? tol<; ^vyfceijievoi,^, 6 ti av 2 86% 7j rat? iroXecnv dirdaa^ icoivf) j3ov\evo/jbevais,
"
XLVIII. At
airovBal
ical
f)
^vpbpayia
ical at tcov Aa/ceBai/iovucov ical ovtcos eyevovTO. 'AOrjvaicov ovk direlp'qvTO tovtov eveica ovB* vcj)' 2 erepcov. KopivOiot, 8k 'Apyeiwv ovre? ^v/i/na^oi ovk
earfkOov
e?
avTas,
aXka,
ical
yevofievrjs
ical
rrpb
MavTLvevac
ff/z^ta^ta?, to?? avroZs rroXefielv ical elptfvrjv ayeiv, ov gwoj/xoaav, dpicelv 8' ecpaaav o~<f>Lcn ttjv
1 ical oi rh. re\t) fx VT *> * n MSS. after by Kirchhoff as gloss on that word. * ti 5' 6.v MSS., 5' deleted by Bekker.
'6
Srj/xiovpyol,
deleted
A fragment of the official document recording this treaty was found by the Archaeological Society at Athena in the
1
96
BOOK
V.
xlvii. 9-XLV111. 2
polemarchs administering the oath at Elis by the demiurgi and the six hundred, the demiurgi and the thesmophylaces administering the oath. 10. " For renewal of the oath the Athenians shall
;
Elis, to Mantinea, and to Argos, thirty days before the Olympic games ; and the Argives, Eleans, and Mantineans shall go to Athens ten days before the great Panathenaea.
go to
11.
"The
and the alliance shall be inscribed on a stone column, by the Athenians on the Acropolis, by the Argives in the market-place, in the temple of Apollo, by the Mantineans in the market-place, in the temple of Zeus and a brazen pillar shall be set
oaths,
;
up by them
year.
12.
jointly at the
Olympic games of
this
" If it shall seem advisable to these states to add anything further to these agreements, whatever shall
to
all
seem good
be binding."
XLV1II. Thus the treaty and the alliance were completed but the treaty between the Lacedaemonians and Athenians was not on this account
;
The Corinthians, renounced by either party. however, although allies of the Argives, did not accede to the new treaty even before this when an
alliance,
and defensive, had been made between the Eleans, Argives, and Mantineans, they had not joined it but said they were content with the first defensive alliance that had been made,
offensive
spring of 1877 upon a marble slab on the southern slope of the Acropolis. The text of the inscription ha3 been restored by KirchhofF, Schone, Foucart, and Stahl in substantial
agreement.
97
THUCYDIDES
7Tpa>Tr)v yepopueprjp ifrifia^Cav,
3
dXXrjXoi? j3or)0elp, ol pep HLopupOioi ^vveTTiGrpareveiv Be prjBepL ovtcd? aTriarrjaap twp ^vpupd^cop /cal 77-/009 tou?
Aa/ceSaifioPLOv? ttclXlp tt)v ypcopurjp el%op. XLIX. 'OXvpuirua S' eyepero rod Oepovs tovtov,
ipl/ca*
ol$ 'ApBpoaOepr)? 'Ap/ca? iray/cpdruop to irpoyrop /cal AatceBaipuopioi rov lepov virb 'HXeucop
etpxdrjaap Scrre
popuco
G(f>a)P
pur)
Ovevp
/z.778*
dycopu^eaOai, ovrc
ip tg> 'OXvpuinicto
r)p
'HXetoj /careSifcdaaPTo
avrcop,
<j)do~/coPTe<;
ilU <&Vp/C0P T T?%09 OTtXcL ilTePey/CeiP KCLl ? Aeirpeop avr&p ottXLtcls ip rals 'OXvpuiri/cals
<TTTOP$ai$
ia-irefiyfrai.
r)
Be
/caTaBu/crj
Bio"xi,Xiau
Aa/ceBaipuopuou Be Trpeafteis
dpreXeyop pur) Biicaucos acfiwp /caTaBeBiKciaOai, Xeyopre? pur) eirrjyyeXd at ttco 9 Aa/ceBaipuopa ra9 cnropB&s, or eaiirep^ap rovs oirXlras.
3
rjBrj
e<pao~ap
yap
o~$Lo~ip avrou<;
iirayyeXXovai),
teal r)av)^a^6pT(i)P anficop /cal ov TrpocrBe^opuipcop a>9 4 ip airopBais, avrovs XaOeup dBi/crjo~aPTas. ol Be
iirayyelXaL en 9 AaiceBaupuopa, el dBt/celp ye r)Br) ipopuu^op avrovs, aXV oi>% a>9 POpuiopra<; rovro Bpacraiy /cal oirXa ovBapuoae cti avrol? iirepey/celp.
1 The month of the festival was sacred (Upo/xrjvia) and all warfare was stopped for that time. To enter the territory of Elis with an armed force during that month was sacrilegious.
98
BOOK
V. XLVIH. 2-XLIX. 4
namely to aid one another, but not to join in Thus, then, the Corinattacking any other party. thians held aloof from their allies and were turning their thoughts again to the Lacedaemonians. XLIX. This summer the Olympic games were
held, in
01.90,1;
which Androsthenes an Arcadian won his SSio, first victory in the pancratium. The Lacedaemonians were excluded from the sanctuary by the Eleans, and so could neither sacrifice nor contend in the games, as they refused to pay the fine which had been assessed against them according to Olympic law by the Eleans, who alleged that they had attacked the Elean fortress of Phyrcus, and sent a force of
Lepreum during the Olympic was two thousand minas, 2 two minas 3 for each hoplite, as the law ordains. The Lacedaemonians sent envoys and urged that the fine had been unfairly imposed upon them, claiming that the treaty had not been announced at Lacedaemon when they sent the hoplites into Elis. But the Eleans said that the truce was already in force in their
their
hoplites
into
truce. 1
The
fine
expecting any attack, as in time of truce, the Lacedaemonians had done the wrong, taking them by surprise. The Lacedaemonians replied that they should not have gone on and announced the truce at Lacedaemon if they were of the opinion that the Lacedaemonians were already wronging them, but they had done this as though they did not think so, and they themselves had not kept on bearing arms against them anywhere after the announcement of the truce.
2
they proclaim country among themselves and while they were keeping quiet and not
it
for
first
99
THUCYDIDES
5 'RXeloi Be
aBcKovat
rov avrov Xoyov elypvTo, o>9 fiev ovk av neio'dr\vai el Be (3ovXovrai o$L<ii iiT]
r
i
Aeirpeov diroBovvai, to t avT<av fiepos afyievai tov dpyvpCov teal b ray Oea> yiyverai avTol virep
ifcewcov etcTeiaeiv.
f
L.
fl9
S*
ovk
/jltj
eo-rjicovov,
Aeirpeov
p,ev
diroBovvai,
prj
/3ovXovrai,
avaftdvTas Be
ttiov,
eTreiBr)
eirl
rov
ftcofibv
irpoOvpovvrai y^pr\Gdai tu> iepw, tcov 'EXXrjvcov rj pjqv diroBoao-eiv evavTiov eTTop,bo~ai 2 varepov tt)v /caraBiKrjv. &)? Be ovBe ravra f)6eXov,
Aa/ceBatpbvioi puev etpyovro rov iepov Bvaias kcll 1 dycovcov /ecu olkoi eOvov, oi Be aXXoS'EXXrjves eOeoo3
povv
pur)
ttXtjv
Aeirpearaw.
t
o/xo)? Be oi 'HXeloi,
BeBtores
ftia
Ova wo-i vv
07r\oc<;
'
tmv
veojrepcov (frvXa/crjv
/cal MavTt,vr)<;,
o'l
kclI
'Apyeloc
/cal
'AOrjvaioov linrrj^,
Beo<;
6"
ev 'Ap-
eyevero ttj Travrjyvpet, fieya fir) gvv ottXois eXdcoaiv oi AaxeBcu/jloviol, aXXoo? re leal eTreiBr) icaX A^a? o
irivrj
'ApKeaiXdov, AcuceBaipbvios, ev t& dyebve virb tcov pa/3Bov%(DV 7rXr)yd<; eXaftev, on vikcovtos rod eav-
Kara
rov ^evyovs /cat dvaKr)pv)(6 kvTO$ Bouotwv Brjfioalov rrjv ovk e^ovaiav tt)<; dycovLaeax;, irpoeXdoov
dycova dveBrjae tov r)vlo%ov, /3ovXbfievo<;
bracketed by
e? tov
1
Hude
following Kruger.
MSS.
IOO
BOOK
V. xlix. 5-l. 4
But the Eleans persisted in the same statement, saying that they could never be persuaded that the Lacedaemonians were not guilty if, however, they
;
were willing to restore Lepreum to them, they would give up their own half of the fine, and what was due to the gods they would themselves pay on their
behalf.
L. When the Lacedaemonians refused this offer, the Eleans proposed that they should not restore Lepreum, if they objected to that, but, as they eagerly desired to have access to the sanctuary, that they should go up to the altar of Olympian Zeus and swear in the presence of the Hellenes that they would But as they were assuredly pay the fine later. unwilling to do even this, the Lacedaemonians were excluded from the temple, from the sacrifice and the contests, and sacrificed at home ; while the rest of the Hellenes, except the Lepreates, sent representatives to the festival. Still the Eleans, fearing that the Lacedaemonians would force their way and offer sacrifice, kept guard with the young men under arms; and there came to their aid also some Argives and Mantineans, a thousand of each, and some Athenian 1 cavalry that were at Arpina awaiting the festival. And great fear came upon the assembly that the Lacedaemonians might come with arms, especially as Lichas son of Arcesilaus, a Lacedaemonian, received blows from the umpires on the course, because, when
his
as belonging
on account of his having no right to contend, he had come upon the course and crowned the charioteer, wishing to show that the
to the Boeotian state
1
Alpheus,
Olympia
IOI
THUCYDIDES
axrre iroXXrp Brj eBo/cei ti veov fidXXov eTT6$6j3r)VTO ol /xivroi Aa/ceBaifibvioi rjav%aadv T ecreaOai. 5 /cal r) eoprrj avTOts ovtco BirjXOev. 9 Be KoptvOov fxera ra 'OXvfnua 'ApyeloL re /cal ol tjv/jLfiaxoi
rjv
to ap/icr
irdvTe<;
/ca\
dXXa
oIkov. LI.
teal
aeca/xov yevofievov BieXvOrjaav e/caoroi eir /cal to Oepos irekevra. Tov 8* einyiyvopLevov %/ag)i>09 'Hpa/cXecbrat? TOt9 ev Tpaylvi pidxn iyevero 7r/)o? Alvidvas
AoXo7ra9
/cal
M-^Xta?
/cal
SecraaXcov Tivar
iroXer)
tovtcov to
icai evdv<s re /caOiaTafievrj rfj yjjapiov iTet^iadr}. iroXei rjvavriovvTO, 69 ocrov iBvvavTO fyOeipovTes,
KCLL
TOT Tjj fld^TJ eVL/CrjCTaV T0V9 'H/?a/cX0)Ta9, KOI E,vdpr)<; 6 KvLBios, Aa/ceBaifAovios, apyjuv avrwv direOave, Bi<f>6dpr)o~av Be /cal aXXoi t&v 'HpatcXecoTcov.
/cal 6 yeip-oav
ireXevTa, icai BcoBe/carov eTeXevTa. iroXifiG) Till. Tov 8' eirtyiyvo/Jbevov Oepovs evOv? dp^pfxevov ttjv 'Hpd/cXeiav, a>9 fierd rr)v fid^rjv /ca/cm ecpOetpero, BolcotoI irapeXajBov, /cal ftyr)o~LinrLBav tov
T09
Tft)
Aa/ceBaijuLoviov BeiaavTes Be
fiovicov
tcl
o!)9
irapeXaftov
KaTa TleXoirovvrjaov
^Ad^valoi Xdficocriv AatceBaifiovioi fievTOi (opyl%opto avTOts. 2 Kal tov avTov Oepovs AXfcij3idBr}<i 6 KXewlov,
'
103
BOOK
chariot was his.
V.
l.
4-L11. 2
was much more some disturbance. The Lacedaemonians, however, kept quiet, and the festival went through in this way, as far as they were concerned. But after the Olympic games the Argivesand their allies came to Corinth, to ask them to join their league. Lacedaemonian happened to be present. Many envoys also proposals were made, but nothing was done for an earthquake occurred and they dispersed severally to
so everybody
afraid,
And
and
it
seemed that
there would be
was a battle and the Aenianians, Dolopians, Malians, and some of the Thessalians. For these were neighbouring tribes and between the people of Heracleia
in Trachis
And the summer ended. their homes. LI. During the following winter, there
hostile to the
city of Heracleia, since the fortress there was established as a menace to no other territory
Accordingly, as soon as the city was began to show opposition to it, harassing it as much as they could ; and at this time they defeated the Heracleotes, Xenares son of Cnidis, a Lacedaemonian and their commander, being And the killed, as well as some of the Heracleotes. winter ended, and with it the twelfth year of this war. LII. At the very beginning of the following summer, as Heracleia was in a grievous plight after the battle, the Boeotians took possession of it and dismissed Hegesippidas, the Lacedaemonian, for misgovernment. They occupied the place through fear that, while the Lacedaemonians were disturbed about matters in the Peloponnesus, the Athenians might take it ; the Lacedaemonians, however, were
but theirs.
founded,
they
419b.g
summer
Alcibiades
son
of
103
THUCYDIDES
<rTpa,Tr)ybs tov 'AOrjvalwv, 'Apyelcov /cal tcov jjvfifid-
ywv
fjuer
avToOev
^v/jL/jLa^cov
irapaXaftcbv
,
rd re
aWa
cnparia
/cal
TlaTpeas re Tei^rj
'
/caQelvai eireicrev e?
BievoelTo
K.oplv0ioi
/3\d/3r)
Tei^lo-ai
Be
/cal
Xi/cvcoviot
/cal
o?
tjv
ev
LIII.
Tot)
B*
ai/Tov
Oepovs 'QiriBavpLoL?
/cal
tov
tov
UvOaico?,
b Beov
2
dirayayelv
'E7Ti-
ahla^
tt)v ^JLiriBavpov
tw
rjv
i/c
fj
BvvwvTai,
tj}?
t?)? Alyivrj?
fipa-^VTepav eaeaOav
Tot?
H/cvWaiov 7repnr\etv
a/cevd^ovTO
1
A6r)vaL0i$.
ax;
irapee?
ttjv
ovv ol 'Apyelot
ai/Tol
TliOeas
AEFM,
B.
M SS.
1 A low point of land at the mouth of the Corinthian Gulf; on the opposite side of the strait was the Molycreian Rhium. The fort would have given the Athenians entire control of the entrance to the Gulf.
194
BOOK
V.
LII. 2-LIII.
Cleinias, who was then a general of the Athenians, acting in concert with the Argives and their allies
went
hoplites
the Peloponnesus with a few Athenian and bowmen, and taking with him some of the allies from that region helped to settle matters pertaining to the alliance as he passed through the Peloponnesus with his army coming to Patrae he
into
;
persuaded the inhabitants to carry their walls down to the sea, and intended himself to build another fort at the Achaean Rhium. 1 But the Corinthians, Sicyonians, and all those to whom the fortification of Rhium would have been a menace, went in force and
prevented it. LII I. During the same summer war broke out between the Epidaurians and Argives. The alleged ground for this was that the Epidaurians were not sending the sacrifice to Apollo Pythaeus, which it was incumbent on them to render in payment for pasturage, and the Argives exercised chief 2 but even apart from authority over the sanctuary this motive Alcibiades and the Argives deemed it
;
if they could, to bring Epidaurus into the Argive alliance, both for the sake of keeping Corinth quiet, and because they thought the Athenians would be able to bring aid to Argos by a shorter way, from Aegina as base, than by sailing round 8 Scyllaeum. The Argives, then, were preparing, as
advisable,
2 Probably the temple of Apollo Pythaeus referred to is that which alone of all the buildings in Asine the Argives spared when they destroyed that town ; cf. Paus. n. xxxvi. 5.
promontory between Hermione and. Troezene. The was from Aegina to the neighbouring coast of Epidaurus and thence to Argos if Epidaurus was hostile or neutral, reinforcements had to be carried round Scyllaeum to the Gulf of Nauplia and thence by land to Argos.
short route
;
05
THUCYDIDES
'FiTTiSavpov
Sia
rod
Ovfjuaro^
ttjv
eairpagi*
iaffaXovvTes.
LIV. 'Ei;(TTpdTV(TaV $6 Kal 01 AdKeSai/JLOVlOl Kara tovs avrov? xpovovs TravSrjfiel e? Aev/crpa t?)? eavrcbv fJLedopias Trpb<; to AvKaiov/AyiSo? tov fjSei Be ovBeU 'ApxiSa/jLov paaiXeay^ r/yovfievov
oiTOi o-Tparevovcriv, ovBe at irokeis e'f a>v eVe/x2 (pOrjaav. Co? 5' clvtoIs ra Siaftarrfpia dvofiivois ov irpov^wpeLt avTol re airrjXOov eir* oikov /ecu tols
Acopievai) irapao'Kevd3 %eo~9ai a>5 arparevaofievov^. 'Apyeloi B* dvatov tov avr&v, irpb K.apveCov firjvbs ywpiqo'dv'Twv
itjeXdovres TerpdBi <$9ivovto<; Kal ayovTe? ttjv i]fxkpav ravrrjv nrdvra tov %p6vov, io~4/3a\ov e? 4 ttjv 'EiTTihavpiav Kal iSjjovv. 'ULiuSavptoi, Be
a)v rives oi fiev tou? %v Mid'xpvs eiretccikovvTO' tov pbrjva 7rpov<f>ao-Lo-avTO, oi Be Kal e? fiedopiav
fjcrvxa&v. bv XP V0V * v T V ^TTLBavpw oi * Apyeloi rjaav, e? Mavrtvetav Trpecrfieiai dirb twv iroXeow %vvr)X6ov, 'AOrjvaLcov TrapaKa\eo~dvTG>v. Kal yevofjbevwv 1 Xoycov TLv<f)afil8a$ 6 Kopivdio? ovk afyels fiev ecf)7j tovs Xoyov$ TOt9 epyoi<; SfioXoyeiv
^vyKaOrjaOai, tovs 8" 'EiriBavpifjvjjL/jLdxovs Kal Tou? 'Apyeiovs fieO' BiaXvaai ovv irp&TOV XPV~ ottXcov avTiTerdxpaL'
yap
irepl elprjvqs
MSS.
yivontvwv,
Hude
yevo/xevcov.
The
sacrifices offered to
106
BOOK
V.
Liir.-Lv. i
of their own motion, to invade Epidaurus for the exaction of the offering.
LIV. About the same time the Lacedaemonians, marched out with all their forces to Leuctra, a place on their own borders opposite Mt. Lycaeum, command of under the King Agis son of Archidamus; and no one knew whither they were marching, not even the cities from which they were sent. But as the sacrifices for crossing the border 1 were not favourable, they went back home themselves, and sent word to their allies, after the coming month the Carneian month, 2 a holiday among the Dorians to prepare to take the field. When they withdrew, the Argives set out on the twenty-seventh of the month preceding the Carneian, and continuing to observe that day during the whole time, 8 invaded Epidaurus and proceeded to ravage it. The Epidaurians called
too,
upon their allies for help ; but some of these made the month an excuse, while the rest went merely to the borders of Epidauria and there remained quiet. LV. While the Argives were in Epidaurian envoys from the different cities came territory together at Mantinea, on the invitation of the Athenians. And in the course of the conference Euphamidas the Corinthian said that their words did not agree with their deeds ; for they were sitting in council on the question of peace, while the Epidaurians with their allies and the Argives were arrayed in arms against each other they ought to go
;
* They called every day the 27th as long as they were in Epidaurian territory and thus postponed the beginning of the following month until their work was done. Probably the Argives, on religious grounds (as Dorians), took holiday as soon as the Carneian month began.
107
THUCYDIDES
vat 4(f) e/carepcov iXdovra? ra (nparoireha, teal 2 ovtco TrdXiv \eyeiv 7Tpl ttjs elpijvr)?. koI ireia1
devres tpypVTO
y
teal
tt}9 ^EtTTLhavpias.
06vt<; ovB &>? 'Apyeloi iraKiv 69 ttjv 'ETuBavplav ecrefiaXov Ka\ 3 eBrjovv. e^ecrrpdrevaav Be zeal ol AatceBaifiovioi
69
Kapvas*
real &>?
ovB'
T9 tt?9 'EiinBavpias o>9 to Tplrov pepos dirrjXOov eV oifcov. koX AOrjvalcov avrois ^iXiot, efforjOrjcrav oirXlrat, ical *A\tci/3id8r)<; o-Tparrjyos, irvOopuevoi Br)
/cal
o>9
criovs /cal
irXevaar
teal el
fxr)
tcd/ceivoi
e<;
UvXov
teal
/copiovaiv
ElXcoras,
avroL
^Adrjvaloi
Be 'AXrciffidBov
ireiaavros
1
rfj p,ev Aafccovitcf} cnrjXrj vireypa^av ovtc evepueivav ol Aa/ceBaifiovioi tois opKOis, e'9 Be
2
on
8upra8cr. g 2 all other MSS. a</>\ Hude's correction for 5e of the MSS.
,
" 1 Or, reading irvB6^voi 5e, with the MSS., but learning that the Lacedaemonians had left the field" which the verb means nowhere else" and that there was no further need of them."
108
BOOK
first
V. lv. i-lvi. 3
to the camps of the two parties and disband them, and then they might come back and talk about Adopting this suggestion, they went and peace. induced the Argives to depart from Epidauria. Afterwards they came together again, but not even then were they able to agree, and the Argives again invaded Epidauria and began to ravage it. The but Lacedaemonians, too, marched out to Caryae as not even there the sacrifices for crossing the
;
And boundaries proved favourable, they returned. the Argives, having ravaged about a third part of Moreover, there Epidauria, also went back home. had come to their aid one thousand Athenian hoplites, under the command of Alcibiades, on learning that as now the Lacedaemonians had taken the field there was no longer any need of them these withdrew. 1 And so the summer ended. LVI. During the following winter, the Lacedaemonians, eluding the vigilance of the Athenians, sent a garrison of three hundred men, under the command of Agesippidas, by sea to Epidaurus. And the Argives, coming to Athens, made complaint that, although it was written in the treaty that they were not to allow enemies to go through their respective 2 territories, the Athenians had permitted the Lace;
daemonians to go past their territory 3 by sea unless, then, the Athenians should bring the Messenians and
;
Helots to Pylos to annoy the Lacedaemonians, they themselves would feel aggrieved. So the Athenians, on the advice of Alcibiades, inscribed at the bottom of the Laconian column that the Lacedaemonians had not kept their oaths, and they brought to Pylos
8
</.
ch. xlvii. 5.
e.
past Aegina,
now Athenian
territory.
109
THUCYDIDES
TJuXov fc6/M<rav tou?
4 ^eadat,
i/c
ra
S'
aXXa ^avyatyv.
Bh
/cal
/caraBpOfiai, iv
eap
tt)V
iirl
77877 /cXl/ia/cas e^ovre^ ol 'ApyeZot, rjXOov 'FiirlBavpov cw? ipijfiov over)? Bia rbv iro-
Xepbov j3lq alprjGOVTes' /cal dirpaicToi dirrjXOov. teal 6 ^eifjioov ireXevra, /cal rp'nov /cal BeicaTov
6T0?
tw
iroXefico
ireXevra.
LVII. Tou
Aa/ceBai/jLOViot,
Oepov? fiecrovvros
'JLiriBavpioi, gv/i-
a>9
avrol? ol re
ical
ixaypi
6We? iraXairrdipovv
ra
raXXa
8*
iv rfj IleXo-
irovvr)<T<p
fiev dcpeLo-Trj/cei,
ra
ov icaXco? eZ^e,
vofilcravres, el fiy irpOKaraXijyjrovrai iv ra^ei, iirl rrXeov xcoptfcreaOai aura, iarpdrevov avrol /cal ol 9 EtA-core? iravBrjjiel eV "Apyos' rjyelro Be Ayi<; 6
'ApXiBd/jbov, Aa/ceBaifiovlcov ftacLXevs. tjvvearpdy 2 revov 8' avrols Teyearal re /cal oaoi aXXoi Ap/cdBa)v Aa/ceBai/jLOVLOis
%v fifia^oi rjaav.
ol 8*
e/c tt}?
aXXr}<; TLeXoTrowrjaov %vpL}xaypi ical ol e^caOev e? <$>\eiovvTa ^vveXeyovro, BolcotoI fiev rrevraicia'^iX101 OTrXlrat ical roaovroi yjnXol /cal l7rirrj<; irev-
ra/cocnoL ical dpurnroi Xaoi, K.opLv6ioi Be Bia^iXioi, oirXlrao, ol 8' aXXoi a>9 e/cacrroi, <&Xeidcriot Be
iravo-rparia,
on
iv rrj i/celvcov
tjv
to arpdrevfia.
no
BOOK
in
V. lvi. 3-lvii. 2
the Helots from Cranii, 1 to plunder the country ; but other respects they kept quiet. During this winter,
although the Argives and Epidaurians were at war, there was no pitched battle, but there were ambuscades and forays, in which some perished on As winter was either side as the chance might be. closing and spring at hand, the Argives came with
scaling-ladders against Epidaurus, supposing, as it was stripped of its defenders by the war, that they could take it by assault; but they accomplished nothing
And the winter ended and with it the thirteenth year of the war. LVII. In the middle of the following summer, the
418b.c.
Lacedaemonians, seeing that their Epidaurian allies were in distress, and of the other states in the Peloponnesus some had revolted, while others were not well-disposed, and thinking that if measures of precaution were not taken quickly the evil would go yet further, marched against Argos with all their forces, themselves and their Helots, under the leadership of Agis son of Archidamus, king of the with Lacedaemonians. And them went the Tegeates and all the rest of the Arcadians that were allies of the Lacedaemonians. But the allies from the rest of the Peloponnesus and those from outside mustered at Phlius five thousand Boeotian hoplites and as many light-armed troops, with five hundred 2 two thousand cavalry each with his foot-soldier
Corinthian hoplites the rest of the allies in varying numbers, but the Phliasians with their whole
force, since
territory.
1
cf.
1
ch. xxxv. 7.
light-armed men, one with each horseman, running alongside or riding behind.
&fiiinroi,
Ill
THUCYDIDES
tt)V Trapaa/cevrjv
Apyeloi, Be irpoaiaOofievoi to re irpeorov twv Aa/ceBacfiovtcov /cal eirevBr) e'9 tov <&XeiovvTa ftovXofievoi tols aXXois Trpoo-fiei^ai eyjapovv, Tore 8rj i^earpdrevaav /cal avrou. efiori-
LVIII.
'
Orjaav
8'
avToh
ical
Mavrivr)? exovres
ical
tow
Tpia)(L\ioi a<f)6Tepov<; %vfXfidxov<; 2 oirXircu. ical Trpoiovres diravTaxTL to?? Aa/ceBat,ical KarafJLovloi<; ev M.e0vBpl<p TrJ9 'AprcaBla?.
'HXelwv
real ol fiev
'Apyetoi
Tot? AaKeBaifjioviois irapea/cevdovto fjidxeaOai, 6 Be *Ayi<; tt?9 vv/ct6$ dvaarrjaa^ tov arparbv /cal XaOcov eiropevero 9 <>XeiovvTa
3
/cal
ol 'Apyeioi
dpa ew
rj
eirena Be
fierct
irpoo~eBe)(pvTO tou?
Aa/ceBaifiovlovs
%v fAfjidycov KaTafttfaeadai, ttjv Kara NejAeav 6B6v. *Ayis Be Tavrrjv fiev fjv irpoaeBexpvro ovk erpdireTOy Trapayyeikas Be tols AatceBai/jLoviois /cal Apicdcri /cal 'EiriBavplots oXXtjv ex<*>pycre xaXeTrrjv /cal /caTefir) 69 to ^Apyeiwv
T(ov
'
KoplvOioi ical HeXXrjvfjs ical QXeido-ioi opQiov erepav eiropevovro' to?9 Be BotcoTot? fcal M.eyapevo~i /cal ^ucvcdvlois etprjTO ttjv eirl Ne/xea? 6Bbv KaTaftaLveiv, fj ol *Apyeloi e/cdOrjvro, ottcos, 1 el ol Apyelot eVl acfras lovra*; 9 to ireBiov
ireBiov' ical
y
5 fiorjOotev, e^eirofxevoL T0Z9 ittttois %pa)VTO. pLev ovrco Biardga? /cal eaj3aXd)v 9 to
/cal 6
ireBiov
eByov Za/jLLvOov re /cal aXXa. LIX. 0/ Be *Apyeloi yvovre? efiorfOovv fj/jbepas 7]8t) e/c T179 N/xea9, ical irepiTvxovTe? t& QXeiacrlcov
Badham's correction
for i6vrss of the
MSS.
112
BOOK
V.
lviii.
i-lix.
LVIII. The Argives had been aware of the preparations of the Lacedaemonians from the first, and when the latter were on the march to Phlius where they intended to join the rest, they now took the And the Mantineans came to field themselves. their aid with their own allies and three thousand
Elean hoplites. As they were going forward they came upon the Lacedaemonians at Methydrium in Each party took position on a hill, and Arcadia.
the Argives prepared to fight with the Lacedaemonians, thinking to find them still isolated but Agis, rousing up his force during the night and eluding detection, marched to Phlius to join the The Argives, perceiving this, rest of the allies. set out at daybreak, marching first to Argos and then taking the road to Nemea, where they expected the Lacedaemonians with their allies to come down. Agis, however, did not take the way they were expecting him to follow, but giving the word to the
;
Lacedaemonians, Arcadians, and Epidaurians, he advanced by a more difficult route and descended to the Argive plain. The Corinthians, Pellenians, and Phliasians advanced by another steep road while the Boeotians, Megarians and Sicyonians had been told to come down by the road to Nemea, where the Argives were posted, in order that if the Argives should attack their main force as it advanced into the plain, they might hang on their rear and use their cavalry against them. Having, then, so disposed his troops, Agis came down into the plain and proceeded to ravage Saminthus and other places. LIX. The Argives discovered this and, it being now day, came to the rescue from Nemea. and falling in with the force of the Phliasians and Corinthians
;
*3
THUCYDIDES
Kal KopivOicov crrparoTTeBcp tcov piev <&Xeiacricov oXiyovs direKjeivav, vtto Be tcov K.optv0icov aurol ov
2
ttoWco ttXclovs BietyOdprjaav. Kal ol JSoicorol Kal ol Meyaprf? ica\ ol %vkvcovlol e^copovv, coairep eiprjTo
avTo?<;, eirl
rrj<;
Ne/Ltea?,
KaTeXaftov,
aXXa /caTaftavTes,
eavTCov
Brjovpeva, ? iLayr\v iraperaaaoVTO. dvTiirape3 cTKevd^ovro Be Kal ol Aa/ce&aipLOVioi. ev pueaco Be arretXrjppbevoL rjaav ol 'Apyeloc i/c fiev yap rov
fier avTcov,
ireBlov ol AafceSaipLoviot, elpyov tt?9 iroXeco^ Kal ol KaOvirepOev Be KopuvOioi Kal QXeidaioi
Kal HeWrjvijs, to Be 777)0? Ne^ea? HoicotoI Kal ^lkvcovlol Kal Meyaprjs. L7T7TOI Be avTOL? ov irapov yap itco ol 'AOrjvaLOi,, pbvoi tcov %vprjcrav ' 4 pbd^cov, tJkov. to puev ovv Tr\rj6o<$ tcov Apyelcov Kal tcov ^vppd^cov ov^ ovtco Beivbv to irapov
r) p^d^i) eaeaOai, Kal tou? AaKeBacpoviov? aTreiXrjcfrevai iv rrj avTcov tcov Be 'Apyelcov Bvo T Kal 7rpbs rfj TroXei.
avBpes,
SpdavXXo?
y
cov, Kal AXKi(f)pcov, nrpb^evo? AaKeBaipovicov, rjBr] tcov CTparoireBcov oaov ov %vvlovtcov irpoaeXdovTe
"AyiBi BieXeyeaOrjv pur) iroielv pLd%r)v eroipLovs yap elvai 'Apyelovs BUa<i Bovvai Kal Be^aaOai
eTriKaXovcriv 'Apyetois Xaa<; Kal oyLtota?, et ti AaKeBaipiovioi, Kal to Xolttov elprjv)]v ayeiv gttov-
Sa?
TTOir)crape'vov<z.
LX. Kal
a<'
pev ravra elirovres tcov Apyeicov eavrcov Kal ov tov ttXtjOovs tceXevcravTOs elirov
ol
'
114
BOOK
V.
lix.
i-lx.
slew a few of the Phliasians, but had rather more of their own men slain by the Corinthians. Meanwhile the Boeotians, Megarians and Sicyonians advanced toward Nemea as they had been ordered, but found the Argives no longer there ; for these had
gone down and, seeing their country being ravaged, were forming for battle, while the Lacedaemonians were preparing to meet them. The Argives were hemmed in on all sides in the direction of the plain the Lacedaemonians and their associates shut them off from the city above were the Corinthians, Phliasians and Pellenians towards Nemea were the Boeotians, Sicyonians, and Megarians. They had no 1 cavalry at hand, for the Athenians alone of their allies had not yet arrived. The main body of the Argives and their allies thought their present situation was not so very dangerous, but that the battle was likely to be fought under favourable circumstances, and that the Lacedaemonians had been cut off in their country and close to the city of Argos. But two of the Argives Thrasyllus, one of the five generals, and Alciphron, proxenus of the Lacedaemonians when the two armies were all but in collision, went to Agis and urged him not to bring on a battle for the Argives were ready to offer as well as to accept a fair and impartial arbitration of any complaint which the Lacedaemonians had against the Argives, and for the future to make a treaty and keep the
:
peace.
spoke on their
1
LX. Those of the Argives who said these things own authority and not by order of
Upon
their cavalry the Argives
ch. lxi. 1.
had
relied.
Their coming
is
announced
"5
THUCYDIDES
icai
*Ayis
&e!;djJLvo<;
fiera
aX~)C
rwv
rj
irXeioveov
ovBe
kvl
dvBpl
teoivd>o-a<;
revofievcov, cnrevBerai riacrapas firjvas iv oh eBei iirireXeo-ai avrovs ra prjOevra. teal dirrfyaye rov arparov evOvs, ovBevl (fapderas rcov aXXcov l*v/j,ol Be~ AateeBaipLovioi teal ol ^vp,p,ayoi fid^ayv. eiirovTO fiev &>? r^yelro Bid rov vopuov, iv atria 8' eiypv /car aXXyXov*; rroXXy rov *Ayiv, vofii^ovres,
1
^vpu^aXelv
teal
teal
irav-
ra^odev avrwv
dirtevat.
a7rofCteXr)p,ev(ov
vrrb
'nnrewv
t?}?
rrapaaKevrj^
Be
yap
Br)
rovro tcdXXiarov
<o(f)0r)
'EiWrjvi/cbv
en
Boicorol teal Y^opivOioi teal Xikvmvlol teal UeXXrivrjs QXetdcTLoi teal Meyaprjs, teal ovroi rravres
defi
XoydBes
ov
iv
rfj
etedarcov,
dtyopaypi Boteovvre?
elvai
'ApyeLoov fiovov %v p,p,a%la, dXXd teav dXXjj erv irpoayevofxevrj. to fiev ovv arparorreBov outoj?
atria e%o^T9 rov *Ayiv dveyuapovv re teal BteXvOrjaav in* ot/eov eteao-ror *Apyeloi Be teal avrol en iv ttoXXw irXeiovi atria ei%ov tou? arreiaap,evov<$ avev
tcdteeivoi
fir)
av
crcpicri
dyaOwv ^vfifid^v
^vfj./xAX u> v
Hade
Il6
BOOK
V. lx. 1-5
the people ; and Agis, receiving the proposals for himself alone, not conferring with the majority, and without any deliberation on his own part further than to communicate the matter to a single one of the magistrates who accompanied the expedition, made a truce with the Argives for four months, within which time they were to fulfil their agreement. And so he led off his army at once, without explanation to any of the allies. The I^acedaemonians and their allies followed his guidance out of respect for the law, but among themselves they loudly blamed Agis, considering that when there
was opportunity for them to join battle under favourable conditions, and the Argives were cut off
on all sides both by cavalry and infantry, they were going back home without doing anything worthy of their preparations. For this was indeed the finest Hellenic force that had come together up to that time ; and this was seen especially while it was still united at Nemea, including the Lacedaemonians in full force, the Arcadians, Boeotians, Corinthians,
Sicyonians, Pellenians, Phliasians, and Megarians, all of them picked men from each nation, who felt themselves to be a match, not for the Argive confederacy only, but even for another such force in addition. The army, then, thus blaming Agis,
withdrew and dispersed severally to their homes. But the Argives also on their part held in far greater blame those who had made the truce without
consulting the people, as they too thought that the Lacedaemonians had escaped, though circumstances could never be more favourable for themselves ; for the contest would have been near their own city and
117
THUCYDIDES
6
tov
dywva av yiyveaOai.
tov re QpdavXXov
avaxMptf(TavT<; ev rat Xapdhpqy, ovirep ra<; diro GTpaTeias 8l/ca<; irplv eaievai tepivovaw, r\p^avTo Xeveiv. 6 he teaTa(f>vy(ov errl tov /3o)/jlov irepiylyve-
Tar rd fievToi xpVfJLCLTa ihtj/Jtevaav avTod. LXI. Me^a he tovto AOrjvaicov fiorjdrjadvTCDV ypdadv ottXltcov teal Tpiateoaitov linrecov, wv
'
io-TpaTTjyovv
(o/Aft)?
Aa^?
teal
Aa/cehcujJLOPLOvs)
77/jo?
dirievai
avrov<;
teal
eXeyov ol
T6 Tot? *Apyeloi<i koX %vp,/idiots ravra, on ovte 6p$co<; at airovhal dvev twv aXXwv %v pnxdywv teal
yevoivro,
teal
3 dirrecrOaL ^prjvat
vvv (ev teaipa> yap irapelvat a<f)ts) tov iroXefiov. teal TretaavTes etc
'
^v\xp,dyov^ evOvs eydspovv eirl tov Apreahitebv 7rdvT<; 7rXrjv 'Ap^Opyop-zvov yeiwv ovtol he 6/jlq)<; real iretaOevre^ vireXelirovTO
tcjv Xoycov tou?
4 irpwTov, eireiTa
koX
eiro-
TrpoateaOe^opevot
Xtopteovv teal 7rpocr/3oXd<; eiroiovvTO, ftovXo/utevot aXXcos tc irpoayeveaOat a^iai teal ojurjpot itc t^9
5 fievoi.
'Aptcahta? rjvav avTodt viro Aateehaifiovtcov teelol he ^Opyppzviot helaavTe^ Tr\v ts tov
T6t%ou? do~0eviav teal tov aTpaTOv to ttXtjOos, teal a>9 ovheh avTols ifiot'iOei, firj TrpoairoXeovTai,
III
BOOK
V. lx. 5-lxi. 5
And so in concert with numerous and brave allies. on their return they began to stone Thrasyll us in the bed of the Charadrus, 1 where before they enter the causes are tried that arise from an city all But he fled for refuge to the altar and expedition. was saved his property however was confiscated. LXI. After this, when Athenian reinforcements arrived, consisting of one thousand hoplites and three hundred cavalry, under the command of Laches and Nicostratus, the Argives for they shrunk in spite of all from breaking off the truce with the Lacedaemonians bade them go away, and would not comply with their wish to be brought before the people for negotiations, until the Mantineans and Eleans, who were still present, constrained them by their entreaties to do so. The Athenians, then, through Alcibiades, who was present as ambassador, protested before the Argives and their allies that it was not right even to have made the truce without the consent of the rest of the allies, and now, since they themselves were present opportunely, they ought to resume the war. Having persuaded the allies by their arguments, all of them except the Argives proceeded at once against Orchomenus in Arcadia; the Argives, though convinced, remained behind at first, then later came on too. Taking post before Orchomenus, they all proceeded to besiege it and to make assaults, being especially desirous of getting possession of it because hostages from Arcadia were But the deposited there by the Lacedaemonians. Orchomenians, fearing the weakness of the wall and the number of the enemy, and being apprehensive lest they might perish before relief came, capitulated on
;
119
THUCYDIDES
gvve/3r]o~av axrre u//,yua%o re elvai real o/i?;/9ou9
T avrojv Bovvai MavTivevai real 01)9 xareOevro AarceBai/jiovioi irapaBovvai. LXII. Mera Be tovto exovres rjBrj rbv 'O/t^oacfycov
jxevov
7TpS>Tov ievai
eftovXevovro ol ^v^yiaypi </>' 6 ri xph r&v Xolttcov. Kal 'HXeiot, fjuev eVt Aeirpeov eKeXevov, Mavrivfjs Bk eirl Teyeav Kal
'
irpoaeOevro ol 'Apyeloi, /cat AQ-qvaZoi toZs Mav2 Tivevaiv. Kal ol fiev 'HXeZoi 6pyia$evTe$ on ovk enl Aeirpeov e^rjcpiaavro, dvex<*>pv a av *ir olkov
'
^v/ubfia^oL
eirl
1
TrapecrKevd^ovTO
ev
rrj
Teyeav
iv
avrcov
t&v
irpdyfjuara.
LXIII. AaKeBaifxovioL Be iireiBr) aveyj>p7)o~av e'f "Apyov? t9 rer pafj,rjvov<; o~irovBa<; ttoitjo- dfievoi, L JLevov 'A74V ev /jueydXrj curia eiyov ov xeiP wcr ^ l o-tylaiv "A/5709, irapao-yov tcaXa><; 9 ovirco irporepov avrol evopui^ov aOpoovs yap Toaovrovs
^Vfi/Jbd^ovf;
Xevov evOvs
vtt
eavrwv
3
a>9
Kal
Berca
irapyreLTO
firjBep
tovtcov
alrlas arparevadfievo^y rj rore ol Be ttjv fiev 4 iroieZv avroix; 6 re fSovXovrai. ty/jblav real rrjv Karaa reacprjv eireo"Xpv, vo/jlov Be eOevro ev ra> irapovri, 09 ovttco irporepov eyevero
pvaeadai
ra9
of the
MSS.
120
BOOK
V. lxi. 5-lxiii. 4
condition that they should be received as allies, should give hostages for themselves to the Mantineans, and should deliver up those whom the Lacedaemonians
had deposited with them. LXI I. After this, being now in possession of Orchomenus, the allies deliberated which of the remaining places they should next proceed against. The Eleans were urging them to go against Lepreum, the Mantineans against Tegea and the Argives and Athenians sided with the Mantineans. The Eleans, then, becoming angry because they did
;
not vote to go against Lepreum, went off home but the rest of the allies began to make preparations at Mantinea to go against Tegea and there were even some of the inhabitants of the town who were in favour of yielding the place to them. LXIII. But the Lacedaemonians, on their return from Argos after making the four months' truce, blamed Agis severely for not subduing Argos, when, in their judgment, the happy opportunity was such as had never been offered before for it was not an easy matter to get together allies so many and so But when the tidings came about the capture good. of Orchomenus also, they were far more angry, and in their wrath, contrary to their habit, at once resolved to raze his house and to fine him in the sum of ten thousand drachmas. 1 But he besought them to do none of these things, promising that he would wipe out the charges by some brave deed when he took the field again if not, they might then do what they wished. So they refrained from the fine and the razing of his house, but for the present enacted a law which had no precedent
;
VOL.
III.
I2T
THUCYDIDES
avrols' Be/ca ydp dvBpa<; ^irapTiaroiv irpoaeiXovro avTG> tzvjjbftovXovs, avev wv fir) /cvpiov elvai
e/c rf}? 7ro\eew?. dirdyeiv arparidv y LXIV. Rv tovtoj 8* dfyucvelrai avrois dyyeXia
irapa rcov eTTirrjBeioyv e/c Teyeas on, el jurj Trapeaovrai iv idyei, diroarrjaerai avr&v Te7a TTpos * Apyeiovs /cal tovs ^V}xp,dyov<^ /ecu 6a ov ovk defre2 (TTrjfcev.
3
evravOa
Br)
yuyverai avrcov re /cal rcov TLiXoorcov 7ravBr)fiel b%ela /cal oia oviro) irporepov. eyu>povv Be 6? 'OpeaOeiov rrjs M.aivaXia$' ical to9 fiev 'Ap/cdBcov afyerepois oval ^vpu/jbd^oi^ irpoelirov ddpoiadelaiv levai Kara 7ro6\z9 avrcov e? Teyeav, avrol Be fie)(pi fiev rov 'OpeaOeiov irdvres eXdovres, e/ceWev Be to e/crov fiepos acfrwv avra>v aTToirepL^avre^ eir ot/cov, iv w to Trpeaftvrepov re /cal ro vecorepov
rjv,
coaTe
rd
ot/coi
(j)povpeiv,
tw Xonrqt arpa-
/cal ov ttoXXco revfiari dcpc/cvovvrai e? Teyeav. varepov oi ^v/jbfxaxoi air 'Ap/cdScov iraprjaav. 4 ireparovai Be /cal e? rr)v KopivOov ical Hokdtov? /cal t&co/eeas /cat Ao/cpovs, /3or]0eiv iceXevovTes /card
Ta^o?
e?
T eyiyvero
MavTiveiav. dXXa to?? fiev ef oklyov ical ov paBiov rjv fir) dOpoois /cal
irepifieivaai
BieXOelv rrjv iroXefiiav Bid fieaov), o/za>9 Be rjireiyovro, (^vve/cXrje yap 5 AatceBaifiovioi Be dvaXafiovres tovs irapovra^ *ApfcdBoov ljv/ji/j,dxov<; eaefiaXov 9 rrjv MavTivi-
dXXrjXovs
/crjv,
/cal
arparoireBevad/jLevoi
7T/90? ra>
Hpa/cXei<p
eByovv
1
rr)v yr)v.
Compare
xxxix.
similar proceedings in
II.
lxxxv.
in. lxix.
1 ;
viii.
2.
122
BOOK
among them;
as
V.
lxiii.
4-lxiv. 5
for they chose ten of the Spartiates counsellors l for him without whose consent it was not lawful for him to lead an army out of the
city.
in
LXIV. Meanwhile word came from their Tegea that, unless they should come
friends
quickly,
Tegea would go over to the Argives and their allies, and already had all but done so. Whereupon succour was sent, both of the Lacedaemonians themselves and of the Helots, in full force, promptly and on such a scale as never before. These advanced to Orestheum in Maenalia, and gave orders to their allies among the Arcadians to get together and come close upon their heels to Tegea. After going, all together, as far as the Orestheum, they sent home from there a sixth part of their force in which were included the older and younger men to keep guard at home, and with the remainder of their army reached Tegea, where not long afterwards the allies
and
from Arcadia arrived. They sent also to Corinth to the Boeotians, Phocians and Locrians, bidding them bring aid in all haste to Mantinea. But to some this was a sudden call, and it was not easy for them, except in a body and after waiting for one another, to go through the enemy's country for that closed the way, lying just between. Nevertheless they hurried on. But the Lacedaemonians, taking up the allies of the Arcadians that were present, invaded Mantinea, and encamping at the sanctuary of Heracles proceeded to ravage the
;
country.
*
As opposed to the
of
ch. Ixii
123
THUCYDIDES
*Apyeloi Kal oi ^vfifxa^oL &>? elBov avTOVs, Kara\a/36pT<; %(opiov ipvfivbv Kal BuaKal oi irpoaoBov iraperd^avTO o>? ? fjudj^rfv. AafceSaifjLoviot, evdvs avroLS eTrfjaav Kal p>eXP l fiev XiOov Kal clkovtiov $o\r\<$ i^coprja-av eirena
LXV. Oi
t&v
7T/30?
TTpeo-fivripcov
T9
"AyiBi eire^oiqaev,
a<f>a<;,
kclkov
/caicSi laeOai, BrjXoov T779 ef "Apyovs eiraiTLOU avaXC0p>'](7(0S TT)V TTCLpOVCTaV CLKCLlpOV irpo-
3 dvjjiiav
teal
dvdXrjyfriv /3ovXo/jLVtjv
elvai.
6 Be, etre
Bed to i7rt/36r]/ia etre /cal avra> aXXo ti rj 1 Kara to avrb B6%av eijaicpvrjs, irdXiv to arpd4 rev/Ad
Kal Teyedriv to vBcop e^erpeirev 69 T7]V MaVTLVlKTJP, 7Tpl OV7Tp ft>9 TCL ITOXXd fiXdirrovro*; oTTorepcoae av ecnr'nrTr) MavTt,vr)<; kcu Teyedrai iroXe/juovaiP' efiovXeTO Be tou9 dirb rod X6<pOV /3O7]0OVVTCL<; 7Tl T7]V TOV vBctTOS K7 pO 777)1) 2 eireiBdv irvOcovrai, Kara/3 ifido-ai, kcu ev tw ofiaXw
irplv gv/AfieZgat, dirrjyev.
dtyiKOfJLevo? 7rpo? Tr\v
'
Kara t<z%09
',
5 ttjv
fiaxv^ TTOieladcu.
kcu
fjuev
rr/v
rjfiepav
Tavrrjv fie'iva? aifTOV irepl to vBcop e^erpeirev oi y B 'ApyeZoc Kal oi ^vpupiayoi to fiev Trpcorov Kara-
rfj
elyov
dvaywpovvTes ckcZvol re direKpv^av Kal o-<f)eZ<; ^avya^ov Kal ovk eirr^KoXovOovv, evravOa row
eavrcov o-Tparrjyovs avdes ev airia el^pv to re 1 But Hude deletes fj, making the sense to be, M had altered his views in a like manner."
8
robs 'Apyclovs
ko.1
robs ^vfifidxovs, in
MSS.
after Kara&i&di-
aai,
124
BOOK
V. lxv. 1-5
LXV. But the Argives and their allies, on seeing them, took up a position that was steep and difficult of access, and drew up for battle. The Lacedaemonians went against them at once, advancing within a stone's throw or a javelin's cast then one of the older men, seeing that they were going against a strong place, called out to Agis that he thought to cure one ill with another, meaning that the motive of his present unseasonable eagerness was to make amends for the culpable retreat from 1 Argos. Agis, then, whether on account of this or because it suddenly struck him, too, that call, some other course was better than the one he was following, led his army back again in all haste without coming into conflict. Then when he had reached Tegean territory he set about diverting into Mantinean territory the stream of water about which the Mantineans and Tegeates are always warring, on account of the harm it commonly does to whichever country it empties into. He wished to make the troops on the hill 2 come down to prevent the diversion of the water as soon as they should hear about it, and thus force them to So he lingered for fight the battle in the plain. that day in the neighbourhood of the stream and set about diverting it but the Argives and their allies were at first amazed at their opponents' sudden withdrawal after coming close, and were at a loss what to make of it afterwards, however, when the enemy had withdrawn out of sight, while they themselves kept quiet and did not follow after them, they began again to find fault with their own generals
;
;
cf.
*
i.e.
ch. lxi. 1
lxiii. 2.
(t3
P<-* v
^pvfiv6v
mentioned above.
125
THUCYDIDES
irporepov tcaX&s Xr)(f)@evTa<; wpb? "Apyei AatceBaifioviovs atyeOrjvai teal vvv oti air oBiBpda /copra? ovBels 7r{,$id)Ki, dXXa tcaO* r)o~vyiav ol fiev
6
aw&VTai,
crfyels
Be irpoBLBovrai.
fiev
ol Be arparrjyol
iOopvfitfOrjaav
to
TrapavrUa, varepov
Bk
dirdyovaiv avTOvs dirb rovXofyov teal 7rpoeX06vre? ? to ofiaXbv earpaTOireBevaavTO a>9 lovres eirl
tow? iroXefiiovs.
LXVI. Tfj 6 varepaia, o'l T 'Apyetoi teal ol tyfifiaypi gvverdijavTO, a>? efieXXov puayeladaiy oi re AateeBaifiovioi, curb rov fjv irepiTV")((ii(Jiv
%
vBaro?
7T/909
arparoireBov lovres opwcri 6Y oXiyov rov? evavrlovs ev rd%ei re tfBr) iravra? zeal dirb rov Xocpov
2
it poeXrfkvO oras, fidXiara Be AatceBaifiovioi is o efiepuv^vro ev rovra) ra> Katpcp iijeirXayrjaav (Blcl
fipaxeias yap fieXXijo-eays rj 7rapaateevrj avrofc eylyvero), ical evOvs vnb o~7rovBf}<; teaOio-ravTO 69
Kocrpiov rbv eavrojVy
3
e^yovpuevov Kara
ayovros
U7r
irdvra ap^erai, zeal rots fiev 7ToXefidpxocs! avrbs (j)pdei to Beov, ol Be T049 Xoxayols, eteelvoc Be TOt9 irevrrjteovTrfpcriv, avOis
eteelvov
6
4 teal
ovtol TOt9 evco/jLorapxais, teal ovroi rrj eveofiorla. al TrapayyeXaets, r\v ri /SovXcovTai, Kara ra
%G>povo~i teal rayelai eTrep^ovrar
tl irav ttXtjv oXiyov
1
avra yap
126
to
xV
iAiyov, deleted
by Hude,
Badham.
BOOK
V. lxv. 5-lxvi. 4
because on a previous occasion the Lacedaemonians, when fairly caught near Argos, had been allowed to escape, and now when they were running away no on the contrary, the enemy one pursued them were quietly making good their safety, while they themselves were being betrayed. The generals were confounded for the moment by the outcry, but afterwards they moved the troops from the hill and going forward into the plain encamped there, with the intention of advancing against the enemy. LXVI. On the next day the Argives and their allies drew up in the order in which they intended to fight if they fell in with the enemy and the Lacedaemonians, going away from the stream and back to their old camp at the sanctuary of Heracles, suddenly saw the enemy close at hand, all by that time in order of battle and occupying an advanced position away from the hill. Never had the Lacedae; ;
monians, as far back as they remembered, been in such consternation as on this occasion. Their preand at paration had to be made on short notice once in haste they fell into their own array, king Agis directing each movement as the law prescribed. For when a king leads all orders are given by him he himself gives the necessary order to the pole1 marchs, they to the commanders of battalions, these to the captains of companies, these again to the commanders of platoons, and these to the So the special orders, if they wish to give platoons. any, proceed in the same way, and reach their for almost the whole army destination quickly of the Lacedaemonians consists of officers over
;
: ;
Commanders
iv.
of the six
Lac. xi.
127
THUCYDIDES
AaKeBaipuovLoyv ap^ovre? dpyovrwv
eicrl,
teal
to
eVi/xeXe? tov Bpcojxevov ttoWols irpocrrjKeL. LXVII. Tore Be rcepas fiev evGovv/iov ^Kiplrac
rrjv
rd^iv
fiovoi
Aa/ceSaifiovicov eirl a(f>cov avr&v e%ozn-e?' irapa $ avrols ol airo SpaKi]<; BpaalBeioc o-rparLwrai
Kal veoBap,coBet$ fier avT&v eireir 77877 Aa/ceBaifioviOL avrol ef% /caOiaracraL tou? \6%ov<; Kal
'
avTOv? Ap/cdScov Hpat,r}<;, fiera Be tovtovs MaivaXcoc, Kal eirl t& Be^Lw Kepa Teyearai Kal AaKehaijJLovlcov oklyoi rb ea^arov e'xpvre^, Kal ol AaKeBatItttttj^ aur&v e<' eKareptp rq> Kepa.
Trap
fioviot, fiev ovtco<;
erdjfavro*
B*
ol B*
evavrloi avrois
ev rrj eKelvwv
^vfjLfjLa^oi
on
avrols ol
'ApKaBcov rjaaVy eireira Wpyelcov ol %l\ioi XoydBes, oU f) TToXlS K 7T0X\,0V aCTK7]Cri,V T(0V 9 TOV TToXe/JLOV
BrjpLoala Trapelye> Kal
Wpyeloi, KXecovaioi KaYOpvearai, erreira ABrivaloieayaroi to evcovv/jLOV Kepas e^ovre^ Kal Iittttj^ puer avrayv
'
Kal fier
avrov?
aXXoi
avrwv,
ol OlKeiOL.
LXVIII.
repcov
rjv,
apiO/ibv Be ypdyjrai,
rj
KaG*
eKaaTOvs eKarepwv
a/>6/3a>9*
r)
to
fiev
yap
iroXirelas to Kpvirrbv rjyvoeiro, ra>v 8* av Bia rb dvOpcbiretov Ko/ATrojBes 9 ra olKeta ttXiJOtj 7]"ki-
128
BOOK
V.
lxvi. 4-LXV111. 2
officers, and the responsibility for the execution of orders devolves upon many. LXVI I. On this occasion there were posted on the left wing the Seiritae, 1 who alone of the Lacedaemonians always have that post by themselves next to them the soldiers who had served with Brasidas
;
Thrace, and with them the Neodamodes next the Lacedaemonians themselves, with their battalions posted one after another, and by them the Heraeans of Arcadia; after these the Maenalians; on the right wing the Tegeates, with a few of the Lacedaemonians holding the end of the line and on either wing the cavalry. The Lacedaemonians were thus On their enemy's side the Mantineans arrayed. had the right wing, because the action was to be
in
;
fought in their country ; by their side were their allies; then the thousand picked men of the Argives, for whom the state had for a long time furnished at public expense training in matters pertaining to war next to them the rest of the after these their allies, the Cleonaeans Argives and Orneates then the Athenians last, on the left wing, and with them their own cavalry. LXVI 1 1. Such was the order and the composition of the two sides. The army of the Lacedaemonians appeared the larger but the number, either of the separate contingents or of the total on either side, I could not possibly state accurately. For on account of the secrecy of their polity the number of the Lacedaemonians was unknown and that claimed for the others, on account of men's tendency to boast with regard to their own numbers, was discredited.
Arcadian
towards the
129
THUCYDIDES
(rrelro.
e/c
tt6lv
3
to AatceScufjLovicov rore irapayevofievov irXrj#0?* Xoftoc fiev yap ifid^ovTo 67rra dvev X/apircov
ovrcov etja/coaLwv, iv Be eKaaTtp Xox fp 7revT7jKoarve<; rjaav Tecraape?, teal iv tjj TrevrrjKoaTvt ivcofioriai
Tea a apes.
fiev
ttJ?
ov Trdvres
6/aolqx;,
dXX*
co?
\o%ay6<; eKcurros
irapd Bvolv
ifiovXero, iirl irav Be KaTo~Tr)o~av eVt oktco. Be CLTTCLV 7rXl]V ^KlplTOJV TTpaK0(TL0l KOL
r/
LXIX.
/cal
'Eirel Be
gwievai efieXXov
ivravOa
irapaiveaeis tcaO* etedo~TOv<; viro rcov oiiceiwv arparrjycov rotcdBe iyiyvovro, Mavnvevcrt, fiev on
virep re TTdTpLBo?
f)
fid^V earai
fit]
/cal virep
dpx>)$
a/jia zeal
pedrjvai,
Be
fir)
virep rrjs
Trovv7]o~(a
re waXaias -qyefiovias teal ti}9 iv IleXo7T0T iaofioipias fit) Bia 7ravT0<; aTepi-
o-fco/nevovs dvkyecrdai, ical avBpas dfia i^Opov^ fcal darvyeiTovas: virep 7roXXa>v dBi/crffidrcov dfivvacrOar rois Be 'AOrjvaiot,?, /caXbv elvai fierd ttoXX&v
koX dyaOcbv
XeiTreadai,
teal
ou?
vifcrio-avres
re
pur)
dpy)]v fiefiaiorepav
/cal
ov
wore
Tt9
avrois dXXo? 9
/cal
to 9 fiev 'Apyeiots
of the whole army x 8 = 3,581 + 600 = 4,184).
^Vfifidxpis
The sum-total
(7 x 4 x 4 x
4=448
130
BOOK
it is
V. lxyiii. 2-lxix. a
estimate
the number
of
the
There Lacedaemonians that were then present. were engaged in the battle seven battalions, without the Sciritae, who numbered six hundred, and in each battalion were four companies of fifty, in each comIn the first rank of each pany four platoons. company fought four men in depth, however, they were not all drawn up alike, but as each battalioncommander preferred on the average eight deep Along the whole line, then, exclusive of the Sciritae, the first rank consisted of four hundred and forty1 eight men. LXIX. When they were on the point of engaging, exhortations were made to the several contingents
;
by their own generals to the following effect The Mantineans were reminded that the battle would be for fatherland, and, moreover, for dominion or that they should not be deprived of the servitude one after having made trial of it, and should not
:
again experience the other; the Argives, that the contest would be both for their ancient hegemony 2 and for their old equality of influence 3 in the Peloponnese, that they must not brook being deprived of it forever, and at the same time must avenge themselves for many wrongs on men who were enemies and near neighbours at that the Athenians, that it was glorious, contending along with many and brave allies, to be inferior to none, and that if they should conquer the Lacedaemonians in the Peloponnese they would have a greater empire and hold it more securely, and no one would ever invade their country again. Such were the admonitions
;
Under Agamemnon.
I3 1
THUCYDIDES
ToiavTa
TOt>? re
Trapr)vi6r)'
TrapaKeXevatv Trj? fjLvrjfjLrjs dyaOoi? ovaiv iiroiovvro, elBores epycov i/c ttoXXov fieXerrjv irXelto <ra>ovcrav tj Xoycov Bi oXiyov /eaXco?
prjOelaav irapalveaiv.
avrols
LXX. Kal
fjuera
ravra
r\
%vvoBo<$
rjv,
Apyeloi
/uev Kal ol ^vjupLa^oi ivrovco? Kal opyfj xcopovvre?, AaKeBaifioviot Be fipaBews Kal vtto avXrjrcbv 7roXX(hv v6fM(p eyKaOearcoTcov, ov rov deiov yapiv, dXX* Xva o>a\co? fierd pvOfiov ftalvovre? irpoaeXQoiev 1 Kal pLT) Biacnraadeir) avroLS 77 rdgis, oirep <j)iXel rd fieydXa a-rparoireBa iv rals 7rpoa6BoL<;
iroielv.
LXXI. "Bwiovtcov 8' erSA.yis 6 fiaaiXevs roiovBe rd arparoireBa rroiel fiev efiovXevo-aro Bpdaac. Kal diravra tovto* iirl rd Be%id Kepa rd avrcov
iv Tat? %vv6Bol<; fiaXXov i%co9elrai t Kal Trepdaypvcri Kara to t&v ivavricov evoovvp,ov dpL^orepoi ra>
Be!;Lq),
jxaXiara rfj rov iv Betjia rraparerayKal vopi^eiv rrjv TTVKvorrjra t?}? Kal rjyelrai J~vyKXr)o~eoa$ evaKeiraarorarov elvar 6 atrial ravrr)? p,ev tt}? irpwroardrr]^ rov Be^cov
eKaarov
fievov
dairLBi
Kp(os, TrpoOvjAOVfAevos igaXXdo-aeiv alel roiv ivavricov T7]V eavrov yvfivwGiVy errovrai Be Bid rov
2 avrov
Kal Tore irepieaxov <f)6ftov Kal ol aXXoi. MavTivrjs 7roXv ra> Kepa rcbv XKiptrcbv, en Be rrXeov ol AaKeBai/xovioi Kal Teyearai t&v BelAOrjvatcov, 6o~w fiel^ov rb crpdrevp,a ei'Xpv. aa$ Be *A7*9 fir) <T(f)(bv kvkXcoOj} to evcovvfiov, Kal 1 With Gellius and the Schol. for npoekdoiey of the MSS.
jxev ol
'
132
BOOK
addressed
V. lxix. 2-lxxi. 3
to the Argives and their allies ; the Lacedaemonians, however, exhorted one another man by man, using also their war-songs as brave men to remember what they had learned, knowing that long-continued actual practice meant more for their salvation than any brief admonition, however
well spoken.
LXX.
After
this
the
conflict
commenced, the
Argives and their allies advancing eagerly and impetuously, but the Lacedaemonians slowly and to the music of many flute-players placed among them according to custom, not with any religious motive, but in order that they might march up with even step and keeping time without breaking their order, as large armies are apt to do in going into battle. LXXI. But while they were still closing, King Agis resolved to make the following manoeuvre. All armies are apt, on coming together, to thrust and both sides out their right wing too much extend with their right beyond their opponents' left wing, because in their fear each man brings his uncovered side as close as possible to the shield of the man stationed on his right, thinking that the closer the shields are locked together the better is And it is the first man on the right the protection.
;
wing who is primarily responsible for this, since he always wants to withdraw from the enemy his own uncovered side, and the rest, from a like fear, follow his on occasion the so this example. And Mantineans extended with their right wing far beyond the Sciritae and the Lacedaemonians and still Tegeates further beyond the Athenians, inasmuch as their army was larger. So Agis, in fear that his left might be encircled, and thinking that
;
133
THUCYDIDES
vo/uiaa?
ayav
Trspikye.iv
/jv
iire^ayayovXfcipuTais Ta9 airo acfxov i^tacoaai rot? Mavrivevaiv, e? Se to Bid/cevov tovto iraprjyyeXXev cltto tov Setjiov
/ckptos
'
iroXe/xapycov ^TTTrovotBa,
/cal
Ta?
KpicrToicXeZ eyovai irapekdelv teal icrffaXovTrXrjptocrai, vopui^cov tco &* kavTcov hefyep en
MavTivka?
ef oXiyov irapayyeiXavTL tov tg 'AptcrTO/cXia < tov l7r7rovotBav fir) ^OeXrjcrai TrapeXOelv, dXXa Sid
teal
tovto to aWiapba vcrTepov (pevyeiv in "ZirdpTr)?, ho%avTa<; fiaXa/aaOrjvai, ical tov? iroXe-
/nou? fyOdaai tjj Trpoa/iel^eL, teal /ceXevcravTo? avTOVy iirl tov? XtapiTas go? ov iraprfkOov ol Xoypi,
irdXiv av ctc\>Lcti TTpoafiel^ai, p.r) SvvrjOrjvat Ti 2 firjBe tovtov? %vyK\f}o~ai. dXXa fidXicrTa 8rj /caTa irdvTa T7j ifiireipta KarceSaifiovioi iXacrcrcoOkvTes
tot
3 iireihr)
p,v
dvBpeia eBei^av ovy r)aaov ireptyevofievoi. ev yepalv eyiyvovTO tch? ivavTiocs, to tcov MavTivkcov Segoov Tpiirei ai/Tcov tou?
tjj
yap
kv-
Kal
134
CTpeyfrav /cal igkcocrav e? t<z? a/xafa? tcov irpeo-fivTepcov tcov iinTeTaypikvcov dirk-
BOOK
gave
V. lxxi. 3-lxxii. 3
the Mantineans were extending too far beyond it, orders to the Sciritae and the soldiers of Brasidas to move out, away from his main body, and make the line equal to that of the Mantineans then he directed two polemarchs, Hipponoidas and Aristocles, to cross over with two companies from the right wing, throw themselves in and fill up the gap thus created, thinking that his own right wing would still have more than enough men, and that the line opposed to the Mantineans would be
;
strengthened.
turned out, then, as he gave this order of the attack and on a sudden, that Aristocles and Hipponoidas refused to move over for which offence they were afterwards exiled from Sparta, as they were considered to have acted as and that the enemy were too quick for cowards
It
LXXII.
at the very
moment
close quarters and then, when the companies did not move over to replace the Sciritae, and he gave orders to the Sciritae to join the main body again, even these were now no Yet in the most longer able to close up the line. striking way the Lacedaemonians, although they were in all respects proved inferior in point of tactical skill, did on this occasion show that they were none the less superior in courage. For when they came to close quarters with the foe, the right wing of the Mantineans routed, it is true, the Sciritae and the Brasideans, and then the Mantineans and their allies and the thousand picked men of the Argives, rushing into the gap that had not been closed, played havoc with the Lacedaemonians for they
him
in
coming to
surrounded and put them to rout, and drove them in among the wagons, slaying some of the older men
*3S
THUCYDIDES
4
tcreivav Tivas.
teal
Aae-
Baifiovior tg> Be
r(p fieaa),
fyirep
aXXcp
6
fidXicrTa
irepl
(SacnXevs
*Ayt<; teal
avrov
cf6vt<$
tcov
re 'Apyeicov
TrevTek6-%ot$
G>vop,ao-fievoL<;
KXecovalots
teal
'Opvedrais
teal
ttoWou?
virofieivavTas,
a\V
teal
eiryaav ol AateeBaifiovioi, evOvs ivBovras eariv ovs teal KaTatraTrjO evTas tov fir) (fjOfjvac
co?
f
ttjv iyfeaTdXrjyjnv.
LXXIII.
*Apye'uov
f2?
Be
ravrr)
eveBeBcateei
to
twv
to
teal
^vfifid^cov
teal
e<fi
arpdrevfia,
etedrepa,
teal
teal
irapepprj-
yvvvTO
Begibv
rjBr)
dfia
dfia
reov
AateeBatfioviwv
Teyearwv
etevteal
rfj
kXovto
ra> irepieyovTi
a/JLcf)OTep(o0ev
fiev
tev/eXov/nevovs,
Be
ijBrj
r)o~o-r}fjLevov<;,
teal
el
fidXio~T 2
fir/
teal
a<j)(bv
%vve/3r)
jjadeTO to evcovvfiov
'
Muvt ivias
teal
twv Apyeicov
tov? ^lXlov ?, irapayyelXav iravTi tu> arpaTevfiaTi teal yevofievov tovtov 3 ^coprjcrai eirl to v i ted) fiev ov.
ol fiev 'AOrfvaloi
tcXivev diro
a(pcov
to aTpaTevfia,
teaO'
rjav^uav
136
BOOK
stationed
there.
V. lxxii. 3-Lxxiii. 3
In
this
quarter,
;
then,
the
Lacedaemonians were worsted but in the rest of the army, and especially in the centre, where King Agis was, and about him the three hundred who were called knights, 1 they fell upon the older men of the Argives, the so-called five companies, and upon the Cleonaeans, the Orneates, and those of the Athenians that were arrayed with them, and routed them. Most of the enemy did not even wait to come to blows, but when the Lacedaemonians came on gave way at once, some of them being trodden underfoot
in their effort to get out of the way before hemmed in by the Lacedaemonians.
being
LXXIII. When the army of the Argives and had given way in this quarter, their line was on the point of being broken in both directions and at the same time the right wing of the Lacedaemonians and the Tegeates was beginning to
their allies
;
encircle the Athenians with the outflanking part of own line ; and so danger beset them on both sides, for they were being surrounded in one quarter and had been already defeated in the other. And
their
they would have suffered more than any part of the whole army if their cavalry had not been present and proved helpful to them. It happened, too, that Agis, perceiving that the left of his own forces, which was opposed to the Mantineans and the thousand Argives, was in distress, gave orders for the whole army to go to the assistance of the part When this was done, that was in danger of defeat. the Athenians, as the enemy's force passed on and moved away from them, quietly made their escape,
1 Chosen from the flower of the Spartan youth and serving as a royal body-guard, on foot as well as on horseback.
137
THUCYDIDES
icrcbOrjcrav /cal tcov 'Apyeicov fier avrcov to r)crcrr)0ev> oi Be Mavrivr}? /cal oi ^vfifia^oi /cal rcov
'Apyeicov oiXoydBe<; ov/ceri 777)0? to eytcelcrOairofc evavriois rr)v yvco/jbrjv el%ov, dXX* 6pcovre<; rovs re
acperepovs veviK7]jxevov^
/cal
tou? Aa/ceBaifiovLovs
4 eiricpepopLevovs e? /cal rcov fiev (f)vyr)v erpdirovro. Mavrtvecov /cal TrXelovs Biec\>6 d prjaav , rcov Be
'Apyeucov XoydBcov
to
7roXv
iacoOrj.
7)
fievroi
(pvyr) ical diToyjjip^cTi^ ov ftiaios ovBe fia/cpd r)v oi yap Aa/ceBai/iovioL peXP 1 /**" T0 ^ Tpeyjrai %po-
viov? Ta? /xa%a? /cal ftefiaiovs rco puevetv iroiovvrai, rpeyjravre? Be /3yoa%ei<z? /cal ov/c errl iroXv t9
Bico^ei^.
LXXIV. Kal
r)
fiev
fid^V roiavrr)
Br)
/cat
on
%povov
rcov ^XXr^vaccov /cal viro d%ioBr) fieyiarr) 2 Xoycordrcov iroXecov ^vveXOovaa. oi Be Aa/ceBaifJbovLov it pod e fiev ot, rcov iroXefiicov veicpcov rd
oirXa rpoiralov evOvs Xaraaav /cal rovs ve/cpovs ecr/cvXevov /cal tol>? avrcov dveiXovro /cal dirr)yayov ? Teyeav, ovrrep erdcpijo-av, /cal tou? rcov diriOavov Be iroXefiicov viroaTTOvBovs direBoaav. *Apyeicov fiev /cal 'Opvearcov ical KXecovaicov y eTrra/cocTLOC, Mavrivecov Be Bia/coaioi, /cal A0r)vaicov %vv Alyivrjrais Biafcocriot, /cal oi arparrfyol Aa/ceBacfiovicov Be oi fiev ^vfifia^oi ov/c eraXanrcoprjcrav (bare /cal dgioXoyov ri dirod/xcporepoi.
yeveaOar
r)v
rrjv
dXr]-
rpia/cocriovs
LXXV.
38
T?}? Be
/ia^9
BOOK
V. lxxiii. 3-lxxt.
and with them the part of the Argives that had been worsted. The Mantineans and their allies, on the other hand, and the picked men of the Argives, were no longer disposed to press home the attack on
their opponents, but seeing their
own
side defeated
and the Lacedaemonians bearing down upon them, turned to flight. On the part of the Mantineans the losses were more serious, but of the picked men of the Argives the greater part was saved. The flight, however, was not hotly pursued, nor did the
retreat
extend to any great distance for the Lacedaemonians fight their battles long and
;
being the greatest that possible to this description had occurred within a very long time between Hellenic
forces,
and fought by the most famous states. The Lacedaemonians, halting in front of their enemies' dead, straightway set up a trophy and stripped the slain, then took up their own dead and withdrew to Tegea, where they buried them, giving up under truce those of the enemy. There were slain, of the Argives, Orneates and Cleonaeans seven hundred, of the Mantineans two hundred, of the Athenians, 1 together with the Aeginetans, two hundred, and both their generals. On the side of the Lacedaemonians, the allies did not suffer so that any number worth mentioning was missing about themselves it was difficult to learn the truth, but near three hundred were said to have been killed. LXXV. As the battle was about to take place,
;
in
Aegina
cf.
n. xxvii.
1.
139
THUCYDIDES
YLXeiorodva^ 6
/JL6V
erepo<$
ftacriXevs
6%a>z>
rov<;
re
^%pi
ViK7)V
TeY6a?
d(j)LICerO,
TTv66lAVO<$
oltto
Be
T7)V
2 aTTexobprjaep.
lad/jiov
ical
tovs
Kopivdov
ical
eco
oi
teal
%vfAfxa'%ov<i
ical
direrpeyfrav
ire/x^ravre^
Aa/ceScufiovioi,
avrol
dvaytopr)o~avre<;
tovs
3
gv/ifAd-xovs
d(f>6VT<i
(Kapem
yap avrol?
/cal rrjv virb
ervyyavov ovra)
ra>v 'FtXXrjvcov
rore
aWiav
re
fiaXafciav
Bia,
tjv/j,(f)opav
ical e?
rrjv aXXrjv dftovXiav re fcal ftpaBvrrjra ivl epyep tovtco direXvaavro, rvxV t1 ? eBoicovv icatci-
rfjs
fJLd%rj<;
ravrrjs
69
rrjv
teal
*
rovs ^ULTuBavpLovs
a>?
epij/juov
'
iravBrjixel
eaj3aXelv
ical
ApyeLav
ovaav
roil?
Apyeiwv egeXOovrcov
ical
'RXeicov rpicryi-
evOvs
6 ical
eirl
veia rjyov,
oi
fiev
aXXoi
eJ~eiravcravro,
*A0rjva?oi
Be,
toanrep irpoaerd^OrjaaVy rrjv dicpav rb "Hpaiov ical ev rovrco tjvyicaraXievflus e^etpydaavro. rrovres arravres r<p reiyiviLari <f>povpav dveyfjapi)-
o~av
Kara
1
rroXets eKaarot.
cf.
ical
*
rb Oepos ereXevra,
ch. lxiv. 4.
ch. lxiv. 3.
cf.
140
BOOK
V. lxxv. 1-6
and younger men i to bring succour, and got as far as Tegea but learning there of the victory he The allies, too, from Corinth and from returned. outside the Isthmus 2 were turned back by messengers sent by the Lacedaemonians, who then likewise withdrew and, dismissing their allies, cele;
brated the festival of the Carneia for it happened fall at that time. And the charge brought against them at that time by the Hellenes, both of cowardice because of the calamity on the island of Sphacteria, and of general bad judgment and dilatoriness, they had wiped out by this one action they were thought to have incurred disgrace through ill-luck, but to be still the same in spirit. The day before this battle it happened also that the Epidaurians in full force invaded the territory of Argos, thinking to find it now undefended, and slew many of those who had been left behind as guards when the main body of the Argives had taken the And now, since three thousand Elean hoplites field. had come to the aid of the Mantineans after the battle, and also one thousand Athenians in addition to their former contingent, all these allies marched at once against Epidaurus, while the Lacedaemonians were celebrating the Carneia, and proceeded to build a wall round the city, dividing up the work. The rest indeed left off, but the Athenians soon finished the fortification of the promontory on which stood the Heraeum, which was the part that had been assigned to them. In this part of the fortification they left a garrison, to which all
;
to
contributed,
cities.
and
And
so the
THUCYDIDES
LXXVI. Toy
fjievov
8'
evOvs ol Aa/ceBaifiovLoi
%v/n/3arr]piov<;.
e^ecrrpdrevcrav,
teal afyucofievoL 9
Teyeav Xoyov?
2 rb
"Apyos
repbv re avBpe? imrrjBeioi teal /3ovX6p,evoi rbv Br)p,ov rbv ev "Apyet tcaraXvaat, teal eTrecBr) r) fidxq eyeyevrjTo, 7roXX& fiaXXov eBvvavro ireWeiv toi>? 7roAA,ou? e? tt)v bjxoXoyiav. iftovXovro Be TTpcorov airovBas iroirjaavres 7r/?o9 tol9 Aa/ceBat,lioviovs avdis varepov /cal f vpbyia^iavy /cal ovrods
3 rjBrj
/cal dcpi/evelrat too Brjp,w eirirWeaOai,. irpo%evos cbv ^Apyeiwv At^a? 6 'Ap/ceaiXdov rrapd rcov AatceBatfiovioov Bvo Xoyco <f>epa)v e? to "Apyos, rbv fiev tcaQort el ftovXovrai iroXefxelv, rbv & a>? teal yevofievr]<i rroXXr)^ avriel elpijvrjv dyeiv.
teal
6 'AX/ciftidBr)? rrapcov) ol
avBpes ol T0Z9 Aa/ceBai/xovioi? rrpdvGovres, rjBr) teal etc rod (f>avepov roXpuSivre^, erreiaav roh<$ * Apyeiovs 7rpoaBe];aa0ai rbv ^vp,j3art]ptov Xoyov. eari Be oBe. LXXVII. 2 " KarrdBe Boteei ra
tc/cXr)o~La rebv
AatceBaifioviGdv %vp,f3aXea6a(, irorro)^ 'Apyeia)?. " 'ArroBiBovra? to>9 TraiBas rocs ^Opxofievioi<i
teal Ttw? avBpas rols M.at,vaXloi<;, /cal t&>9 avBpa<; to>9 ev M.avriveia rol<; AafceBaifioviois diroBiBovras.
ete/ScovTas teal
fir)
rb
rel^o?
al Be tea
7roXe//ift)9 elfiev
iireibr)
MSS.
after
is
( /iaK^Sai/i6-
vioi, 3
The
m chs.
lxxvii.
ana
lxxix.
Doric
142
BOOK
V. LXXVI. I-LXXVII. 2
LXXVI. At the very beginning of the following m inter, the Lacedaemonians led out an army and came to Tegea, whence they sent on to Argos There had been before this proposals for peace. partisans of theirs at Argos who wished to put down the democracy there, and after the battle had been fought they were far better able to persuade the people to come to an agreement with Sparta. They wished, after they had first made a treaty with the Lacedaemonians, to conclude later an alliance also, and having done so to attack the democracy. And now there arrived at Argos Lichas son of Arcesilaus, proxenus of the Argives, bringing from the the one stating on Lacedaemonians two proposals what conditions they should make war, if they wished that; the other, how they should keep the
:
And after much peace, if they preferred that. opposition for Alcibiades chanced to be present
the
Lacedaemonians, venturing now to act openly, persuaded the Argives to accept the proposal for peace, which was as
follows
:
for the
LXXVII. " It seems good to the assembly of the Lacedaemonians to make an agreement with the
Argives on the following terms " The * 1 Argives shall restore to the Orchomenians their children and to the Maenalians 2 their men, and to the Lacedaemonians 3 the men they deposited
: .
at
Man tinea.
2.
" They shall evacuate Epidaurus and demolish And if the Athenians do the fortification there. not withdraw from Epidaurus, they shall be enemies
1
cf,
2
ch. lxi. 5.
lxi.
4,
cf ch.
mentioned there*
ch. lxi. 5.
143
THUCYDIDES
T0t9 Aa/ce8at/j,ovLOi<z Kal rot? t(ov AaKeBai/juovlcov
rcov gvfifjLcixoLS /cat rot?
3
''Apyelwv ^vyipAyoi^,
tols
'JLirihav piois op/cov Bopuev, ai he, avrcos ofioaai. " 5 Ta? Be iroXias rd<; ev Tle\o7rovvd(T(p, Kal
jiucpas
6
Kal fieyaXas,
avrovofxas
el/xev
irdaas
t*9 iirl
rav
ydv
trj
,
eVt
KaKQ),
ake%ep,evai
fiovXevaauevco? oira Ka BiKaioTara Boktj rot? HeXoTTovvaaLoLS. ""Oo-croi 8' /cto? UeXoirovvdaa) rcov AaKeBai7
^vpniaypl ivri, ev r<p avrq> eaaovvrai ev rol ra>v AaKeBaifioviwv Kal rol rcov Kal T&Trep evri, rav avrcov e^ovTes. lviL\ayoi 'Apyelcov
fiovioov
'E7rf Beigavras Be rols ^v/jufid^oi^ gvfi/SaXeadaiy at Ka auroZ? BoKfj. ai Be re BoKy toi$ %v/jl-
"
pudyois,
oXkoS aTTidWrjv.'
tov Xoyov wpoaeBe^avro
Trp&Tov ol 'Apyeloi, Kal rcov AaKeBai/jLoviwv to arpdrevfia dve%uipr]Gev Ik rrj<; Teyeas far ockov fierd Be tovto eiripbei^ia^ ovcrr}? r)Br) irap dXXrj\ou9, ov ttoXXw varepov eirpa^av avOi? ol avrol avBpes cbo~re rrjv M.avTt,veo)v Kal rrjv AOrjvaicov Kal
'
144
BOOK
to the Argives
V. LXXV1I. 2-LXXTIII.
of
3.
and Lacedaemonians, and to the allies the Lacedaemonians and to the allies of the
Argives.
If the Lacedaemonians have in custody any children, they shall restore these in all cases to their
cities.
4.
"As
impose an oath upon the Epidaurians but if swear it themselves. 5. "The cities in the Peloponnesus, both small and great, shall all be independent according to their
shall
hereditary usages.
from outside the Peloponnesus 6. "If anyone comes against Peloponnesian territory with evil
together, in
intent, they shall repel the invader, taking counsel whatever way shall seem to the
territory.
8.
"They
their allies
best.
shall communicate this agreement to and make terms with them, if it seem But if the allies prefer, they may send the
home for consideration." 2 LXXVIII. The Argives accepted this proposal at first, and the army of the Lacedaemonians returned home from Tegea. But not long after this, when there was now intercourse between them, the same men again brought it about that the Argives
treaty
Apollo Pythaeus
i.e.
may
refer
it
H5
THUCYDIDES
zeal ^vixjjLa^lav iroirjaacrOai 7rpo? AaiceBaifJboviovs.
real
LXXIX.
teal
KarrdBe eBoge
/ecu
rols Aa/ceBat,fj,ovLoL<;
'Apyeiois cnrovBas
6T7).
TTjKOVTa "'Eirl
T0t9
ictols
teal
ofjuoioi?
BUas
BiBovras
iv
icaX
/carra
rrdrpia'
He\o7rovvdaw
Ta<?
fu//yLta%ta?
avroiro\ie^ t rav
BlB6vr$ T?
IVa?
zeal ojioias-
v/JL{JLCl)(OL
zeal
rol
rojv 'Apyeicov
rcorrep /cat rol
^v/jLfxa^ot,
iv
rw avr<o iaaovvrai
'Apyecoi, rav avrcov e^ovres. " At Be iroi crrpareia^ Bey zeoivas, fiovXevecrOai * AcuceBcupLOvLtoS /ecu ApyeLws oira /ca Bizcaiorara
Al
Be rivi
rav iroXloiV
rj
d/n<f)iXoya f
rj
rav
ivrb?
r)
rav
ifcrb?
aire irepl
aXXov
al Be T19
ra>v ^vpiiidyuiv iroXis iroXi iploi, 69 ttoX.lv iXOelv, av riva lo~av d/jLcfroLV ral? TroXleacrc Bozeeloi.
"
Ta)9 Be era?
LXXX. Al
iyeyevrjro'
fiev
/cal
zcarra rrdrpia BiKa^eaQair airovBal zeal r) tjv/xfiaxia avrrj biroaa dXXijXcov iroXefKo rj el t*
zcoivjj
aXXo
1
elypv, BieXvcravro.
Be
rjBrj
ra irpdy-
146
BOOK
and
Athenians
alliance with the
V. lxxviii.-lxxx.
and concluded a treaty and an Lacedaemonians to this effect LXXIX. " It has seemed good to the Lacedaemonians and the Argives to conclude a treaty and an alliance for fifty years on the following terms 1. "They shall offer settlements by law under conditions that are fair and impartial, according to
:
:
The rest of the cities in the Peloponnesus shall share in the treaty and alliance, being independent and self-governed, retaining their own territory, and offering settlements by law that
hereditary usage.
and impartial according to hereditary usage. " Such states as are allies of the Lacedaemonians outside of the Peloponnesus shall stand upon the same footing as the Lacedaemonians and the allies of the Argives shall be upon the same footing as
are fair
2.
;
the Argives, all retaining their own territory. " If there be need to send a common 3. expedition to any quarter, the Lacedaemonians and the Argives shall consult and adjudge to the allies their allotments in whatever way is fairest. " If there be 4. any dispute on the part of any one of the cities, either of those within the Peloponnesus or without, whether about boundaries or anything But if else, the matter shall be judicially decided. any city of the allies quarrel with another, they shall
appeal to some city which both deem to be impartial. " Individual citizens shall conduct their suits 5.
according to hereditary usage." LXXX. Such was the treaty and alliance that was concluded ; and all the places which either side had acquired from the other in war they restored, or if there was any other ground of difference between them, they came to an agreement about it. Acting
147
THUCYDIDES
fjuaTCL
Tidefievoi iyjrTjcplaavTO
*
/ajpvtca
Kal
irpecrrjv fir)
fieLav irapd
AQr\vaiu>v
fir)
irpoaBexecrOai,
K UeXoTTOvvrjaov egicocri rh relxv ifcXi7r6vre<;, Kal fir) Ijvfifiaiveiv rco firjBe iroXefielv aXhJ r) dfia.
2 fcal
rd t aXXa Qvfiw efyepov Kal 9 ra eirl ywpla real d>? UepBU/cav eirepyfrav dficfroKal dvkireiaav UepBuKKav %vvoTepot TrpeafieLS. ov fievroi evOv<; ye aTriarr) r&v /jLoaai, a^laiv
Sparer}*;
on
'
/cat toi>?
to?
XaX/CL$V(Ti
ical
dpeveooaavro
ical
aXXov?
**
Be
to e 'EiriBavpov rety ol fceXevovre^ eicXiTrelv c? opcovres oXiyoi irpb^ irXeLovs ovre? rovs v/iabvXaicas eTrefi-yjrav ArjfxoaOevrj rovs crcperepovs
i^d^ovra.
trpofyaaiv
et>5
Be
d<f>ifc6fievo<;
eijco
yvpjviKOV egrjXde to aXXo Kal vcrrepov 'EiriBavpuois dvaveco&dfievoi 7rvXas. * Ta9 airovBd<i avrol ol AOrjvaloi direBoaav to
Ta%to-/xa.
eic tt)<;
Be ttjv rcov 'Apyeicov diroaraaiv ol Mavrivr}?, to fiev Trpcorov xal gvfifjLaxtas eireir ov Bvvdfievoi dvev t&v 'ApavTeyovres,
LXXXI. Merd
yeicov, ^vveftrjaav Kal avrol to?? AaKeBaifiovioi,^ 2 Kal T7]v dpyr]v dfy&lcrav twv iroXecov. Kal AaKe-
%vcnpa-
cf.
ch. lxxv. 6.
148
BOOK
V. lxxx. i-lxxxi. s
now in concert in their affairs, they voted not to receive herald or embassy from the Athenians, unless they evacuated their forts and withdrew from the Peloponnesus ; also not to make peace
on war with anyone except together. not only did they prosecute other matters with energy, but both of them sent envoys And to the places in Thrace and to Perdiccas. they persuaded Perdiccas to swear alliance with them. He, however, did not desert the Athenians at once, but was thinking of it, because he saw the Argives had done so for he was himself of Argive With the Chalcidians, too, they renewed descent. 1 their ancient oaths, and swore new ones. The Argives also sent envoys to the Athenians bidding them evacuate the fortress at Epidaurus 2 and
or carry
And
seeing that their contingent was small in comparison with the rest, sent Demosthenes to bring away their men. On his arrival he made a pretext oi some gymnastic contest outside the fort, and when the rest of the garrison had gone out closed the gates behind them. Afterwards the Athenians renewed the treaty with the Epidaurians and of their own accord gave up the fortress. LXXXI. After the withdrawal of the Argives from the alliance, the Mantineans also, although at
these,
to this course, afterwards, finding first opposed themselves unable to hold out without the Argives, likewise made an agreement with the Lacedaemonians and relinquished their sovereignty over the cities. 3 And now the Lacedaemonians and Argives, each a thousand strong, made a joint
* i.e.
cf.
ch.
xxix.
xxxiii. 1
lxii. 1.
149
THUCYDIDES
Tevcravres,
/career Trjcrav
fxer
ev Xi/cvcbvt, e? oXiyov? /jlclXXov avrol ol Aa/ceSaifjuovioc eXfiovres, /cal e/cetva ^vvafufiorepot. r/Br) /cal rbv ev "Apyet
ra r
Btj/jlov
Aa/ceBaifiovLOLs /carecm].
rjv
eap
77877
ravra
ical
rov ^ei/xw^o?
Xr'iyovTO?,
y
reraprov
LXXXII. Tov
ol ev
t)
7rpb<;
XaX/aSea?
6
ical Aafcehaijjboviov
ra
ev
*Ayada
ov/c eVtT^Setft)?
2 irporepov
$7]/jlo<;
eypvra KaOiaravTO.
/cal
'Apyeucov
avras
/cal
ra<;
yvpLVOiraihias Aa/ceSaLfiovicov. /i-a^Ti? yevo/jbivrj<; ev rfj nroXet eTre/cpdrrjcrev 6 Bfjfios, /cal ol Be 3 tou9 fiev aire/creive, rov? Be e^rfXacrev
Aa/ceBaifJLovioi, ea>? jxev
(piXoL,
ov/c
ra>v
auTou?
jxereirepbirovTO ol
rjXOov
e/c
nrXeiovo^, avafiaXofievoi Be
/cal ev
Teyect ttvOojxev
on
vevL/crjvrai
ol
oXiyoi,
irpoeXOetv
ov/ceri
i)6eXr]aav
Beo/xevcov
twv
BiairecfrevyoTcov,
avaxcopTjo-avTes Be
4 rjyov.
/cal
eV
oi/cov
ras yvfivoiraiBla^
1
tcov ev
ry iroXet
ayyeXcov
ical
r&v
e^co 'Apyeltov,
prjOevrcov
ttoXXwv
MSS.
150
BOOK
V. lxxxi. i-lxxxii. 4
expedition, the Lacedaemonians first going alone and setting up a more oligarchical form of govern-
ment in Sicyon, afterwards both together putting down the democracy at Argos and establishing
an oligarchy favourable to the Lacedaemonians. These things occurred when the winter was closing and spring was now near at hand and so ended the fourteenth year of the war. LXXXII. The next summer the people of Dium l *M on Mount Athos revolted from the Athenians and went over to the Chalcidians and the Lacedaemonians arranged matters in Achaea, which had before this not been favourable to their interests. And now the popular party at Argos, gradually
;
;
b.c.
its strength and recovering boldness, waited for the celebration of the Gymnopaediae * by the Lacedaemonians and attacked the oligarchs. A battle occurred in the city and the popular some of party got the better of it, slaying their enemies and xpelling others. The Lacedae-
consolidating
monians, although their friends kept sending for them, did not come for a long time but at last they put off the Gymnopaediae and went to their aid. But hearing at Tegea that the oligarchs had been
;
conquered, they refused to go further, in spite of the entreaties of the oligarchs who had escaped, and returning home proceeded with the celebration of the
Gymnopaediae.
Later,
the Argives in the city and messengers from those who had been driven out, and their allies were
present,
1
side,
they
While
chs. liv.
lasted the Lacedaemonians (as at the Carneia, and lxxr. ) abstained from war.
it
151
THUCYDIDES
exarepcop eypoocrap puep dBi/ceiP toi>9 eV rf) e8oep clvtoZ<; arpareveip e? *Apyo$, 5 SiaTpifial Be teal pLeXXTJaeis eycypoPTo. 6 Be
aft
7r6\ei /cal
BrjpLcx; tcop 'Apyeioop iv tovtg), (fcofiovpLevos rot)? AatceBaipLOPiov? /cal ttjp tcop 'AOrjpaicop ^Vfipua^iap irdXip TTpoaayopLevos re /cal po/il^cop fxeyiarov civ
acpas cocpeXrjo-ai, Tei^i^ei /jua/cpd Teiyr] e? OdXaaaav, oVa)?, f)V t% 77)9 etpycoPTai, rj Kara OdXaa-
aav crc^a? /xera tcop 'AOyvabcop eiraycoyr) tcop 6 i7riT7]8eicop co^eXfj. ^vprjBeaap Be top TeiyjLG p,bp
/cal
/cal
ol
fiep ^Apyeloi TrapBijpLel, /cal avrol /cal yvpal/ce? /cal olfcirai, eTeiyi^op' /cal itc tcop ^AQtjpcop auTot? ical to Oepos rjXOop reiCTOPes /cal Xidovpyoi.
ireXevra.
LXXXIII. Tov
8'
eTTLyiypofxepov ^eipicopo^
Aa-
tceSatfioPtoi <w? tjgOopto Teiyi,oPTcop, ecrTpdrevaap 5 to *Ap<yo? avToi re ical ol ^vfifia^ot irXrjp
"K.opipdiwp' vTTTjp'xe Be tl avTois /cal /C tov "Ap1 70U? avToOep Trpaaaofiepop. yye Be ttjp crTpaTidp *Ayi$ 6 'ApxtSdfiov, Aa/cedaifioPLcop ftacnXevs.
2 /cal to, fiep
e/c tt}? iroXecos Bo/covpra irpovirdpyeip ov Trpovyd>py]<jep ctc tcL Be ol/coBopovfiepa Tei^i/ eXoPTes /cal /caraflaXoPTe? ical 'Tova? ^coplop t?}? 'Apyeias XafioPTes /cal tol>? eXevdepovs airaPTas ou? eXaftop diro/CTelpaPTe^ dpexcoprfcrap /cal Bie-
Xv0y]aap /card TroXei?. ecrTpdrevaap Be fierd tovto /cal ^Apyeloi e? ttjp tpXeiaaiap, /cal BrjcoaraPTes aTrfjXOop, oti acpcop tou? (fiuydSas vireBeyopTO'
ol
/caTcp/crjPTo.
/caTe/cXrjcrap
1
Be tov ai/TOv xeipcovos xal Ma/ce4k rov "\pyovs deleted by Huker, followed by Hude.
52
BOOK
V. lxxxu. 4-lxxxiii. 4
decided that those in the city * were in the wrong and determined to make an expedition to Argos but
;
Meanwhile, delays and postponements occurred. the democracy at Argos, fearing the Lacedaemonians and again courting the alliance of the Athenians, because they believed that it would be of the greatest benefit to themselves, proceeded to build long walls down to the sea, in order that, should they be cut off from the land, they might with the help of the Athenians have the advantage of importing supplies by Some of the cities in the Peloponnesus, too, sea. were privy to their fortifying. The whole Argive
men, women, and slaves, set to work upon and from Athens also there came to them carpenters and stone masons. So the summer
people,
the walls
ended.
LXXXII I. The following winter, when the Lacedaemonians became aware that they were fortifying Argos, they made an expedition thither, themselves and their allies, except the Corinthians ; and there was also a party in Argos itself that was working in their interest. The commander of the army was Agissonof Archidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians. The support from the city which they expected to find ready tailed them, but they seized and demolished the walls that were being built and they also seized I Iysiae, a place in Argive territory, slew all the free men whom they caught, and then withdrew and dis;
persed to their several cities. After this the Argives invaded Phliasia and ravaged it before they returned home, because the Phliasians had received fugitives of theirs, most of whom had settled there. Also during the same winter the Athenians
in their turn
1
The popular
party.
VOL.
III.
53
THUCYDIDES
irpbs
'AfMpLTTOXlV NlKLOV TOV NlKlfpaTOV <T7paTrjyoVVTOS eyfrevaro rrjv %v/Ap,axiav /cat 17 arpand fidXiara 1 SceXvOrj ifcewov airapavTOS' TroXepioq ovv yjv
%
Kai
irepbirrov
Kai
LXXXIV. Tov
re
Oepov? 'AXkiet/coai
fiidSrjs
TrXevcras
"Apyos vavalv
en
rd
AafceSaipiovicov fypovelv eXafte, TpicucoaLovs avhpa<} t Kai KCLTedevro avrov? 'A6r)valoi e? rd<;
iyyvs
vrjo~ov<; a)v
rjpX 0V
'
KCil ^ 7rL
MtJXov
ttjv vrjaov
AOrjvaloL earpdrevaav vavalv eavrwv pev rpidKovra, Xtat? 8e e, Aecrfiiaiv 8e 8vo?v, kcu ottXltcus iavrcov pev BiaKoaioL? koX yiXiois kcu Toforai? TpictKoaLoi? kcu (7T7roTofoTat9 eiteocri, t&v 8e ^vpLpbd^cov kcu vrjcricoTOJV oTrXiTais pbdXiara 2 irevraicoo-iois kcu %i\loi$, oi 8e MijXioi ActKeScu-
poviwv
p,ev
elaiv clttoikoi,
'
to pev irpOiTov ovBerepcov ovres riavya^ov, eiretra a>9 avrovs rjvdyKa^ov oi 'AOijvatoi Byovvres ttjv 3 yfjv, e'9 iroXepov (pavepov Karearyaar. arparoTrecevadpevoL ovv e'9 ri]V yrjv avrcov rfj rrapaaKevf) ravry oi o-rparrjyol KXeoprfSi]? re 6 AvKop,ij8ov<; Kai Teiaia? 6 Teicnpd^pv, irplv dhiKelv tt?9
77)9,
/3ei<;.
Xoyov 9
01)9
airdpai'Tos is
probably corrupt.
'54
BOOK
V. lxxxiii. 4-Lxxxiv. 3
shut off the Macedonians from the sea, charging Perdiccas with the league which he had mcide with the Argives and the Lacedaemonians; also that when they had prepared to lead an army against the Chalcidians in Thrace and against Amphipolis, under the command of Nicias son of Niceratus, he had been false to the alliance, and the expedition had been broken up chiefly because of his defection.
So
this winter
Accordingly, he was regarded as an enemy. ended and with it the fifteenth year
March,
of the war.
LXXXIV. The next summer Alcibiades sailed to Argos with twenty ships and seized such Argives as seemed to be still open to suspicion and to favour the side of the Lacedaemonians, to the number of three hundred men; and these the Athenians deposited in the adjacent islands over which they had The Athenians also made an expedition sway. 1 with thirty ships of against the island of Melos their own, six Chian and two Lesbian, and twelve hundred Athenian hoplites, three hundred bowmen, and twenty mounted archers, and from their allies and the islanders about fifteen hundred hoplites. Now the Melians are colonists of the Lacedaemonians, and were unwilling to obey the Athenians like the rest of the islanders. At first they remained quiet as neutrals then when the Athenians tried to force them by ravaging their land, they went to war openly.
;
Accordingly, having encamped in their territory with the forces just mentioned, the Athenian commanders, Cleomedes son of Lycomedes and Teisias son of Teisimachus, before doing any harm to the land, sent envoys to make proposals to the Melians. These envoys the Melians did not bring before the popular
1
c/.
in. xci.
xciv. 2.
*55
THUCYDIDES
r)yayov, ev Be rats appals /cal to?? oAtyot? Xeyeiv ol Be roov A6i)vaioov e/ceXevov rrepl oov fj/covcriv.
''
Trped/Seis
eXeyov roidBe.
LXXXV.
ylyvovrai,
erraycoya
r)pL<bv
"
'l&rreiBr)
ottcos Br)
icai
dveXey/cra
dirarrjOcoai
(yiyvcoaxopiev
yap
d/covaavres on rovro
KaOrjfxevoL
(ppovei r)pL(bv r) e? tou? oXiyov? dyooyrj), v/iec? ol y ere da(j>aXearepov rroirjaare. ica6
e/caarov
yap
to
pbr)
Bokovv
rrpbs vrro-
LXXXVI. Ol
KplvavTO'
Bk
r&v MrjXicov
rod BiBda/ceiv /cad* r)o-yyiav dXXrjXovs ov yjreyerai, rd Be rod rroXepuov, rrapovra rjBr) ical ov pueXXovra, Bia^epovra avrov (palverai. opoo/ieu yap avrovs re tcpiras
fiev imel/ceia
" fH
^vveBpoi, drre-
ef avrov Kara ro
Bi/cai(p
/cal
el/cbs
pur)
rrepiyevopLevois
ptev
ra>
oY avrb
evBovai
rroXepLOV
rjpLtv
(fxEpovaav, TreiaOelai Be
LXXXVII. AO.
pLeXXovrcop Xoyiovptevot,
dXXo
ri gvv>'}/cere
i)
e/c
Xevaovres
rfj 7r6Xei,
rravoupbed'
dv
el B* eirl
rovro,
Xeyoipiev dp,
1
Probably
the
chief
governing
body,
chamber
of
oligarchs, to
(at ap\ct()
belonged.
.56
BOOK
V. lxxxiv. 3-1.XXXV11.
assembly, but bade them tell in the presence of the * magistrates and the few what they had come for. The Athenian envoys accordingly spoke as follows LXXXV. "Since our proposals are not to be made before the assembly, your purpose being, as it seems, that the people may not hear from us once for all, in an uninterrupted speech, arguments that are seductive and untested, 2 and so be deceived for we see that it is with this thought that you bring us before the few-^do you who sit here adopt a still safer Take up each point, and do not you either course. make a single speech, but conduct the inquiry by replying at once to any statement of ours that seems to be unsatisfactory. And first state whether our
:
answered:
fairness of the proposal, that we shall at our leisure instruct one another, is not open
commissioners
of
the
Melians
to objection, but these acts of war, which are not in the future, but already here at hand, are manifestly at variance with your suggestion. For we see that
you are come to be yourselves judges of what is to be said here, and that the outcome of the discussion will in all likelihood be, if we win the debate
by the righteousness of eur cause and for that very reason refuse to yield, war for us, whereas if we are persuaded, servitude." LXXXVII. Ath. " Well, if you have met to argue
from
suspicions about what may happen in the future, or for any other purpose than to consult for the safety of your city in the light of what is
;
present and before your eyes, we may as well stop but if you have this end in view, we may speak on."
1
i.e.
157
THUCYDIDES
LXXXVIII.
zeal
MHA.
iroXXa
zeal
XeyovTas
a>
BozeovvTa? rpeirevdar
r)
Xoyo?
irpotca-
XeiaOe t/ooVg),
yiyveadco. LXXXTX. A. f Hyuet? tolvvv ovt avrol p,er ovopbdrcov zeaXoov, o>9 rj hucaicos tov MySov /cararj dhizeovfievoi vvv iire^ep^oairiarov fxeOa, Xoywv [irjieos irape^ofiev, ovO' v/mas oti AafceSai/jLovicov clttolkol 6We? ov aiov/jLV fj
el Sozeet,
XvaravTe? apyppev
%vv6<TTpaTvaaT r) a)? fjfJLcis ovSev rjSiK^Kare XeyovTa? oXeaOai Trelaeiv, ra Sward S' ef a>v ezedrepoi
a\r)0co<; (ppovoufiev Stair pdcraecrdai, iiriaTa/ievov*;
7T/30?
elhoTCLS
cltto
OTl
Sl/CCLld
flP
T(p
dvOpCOTTeiW
Xoyw
Be
oi
tt}?
10-779
dvdyzerj?
zepiveraL,
zeal
Sward
daOeveU
7T/0ou%o^T?
wpdao-ovat
ol
%vyywpov(Tiv.
XC.
jjlov
MHA.
ydp,
i;V{X(f)epov
*Hi
/jLP St)
(dvdyzerj
iireiSr)
v/jll<;
ov to
vfjuas
Xeyeiv vireOeo-Qe)
zearaXvetv
to koivov dyaOov,
dXXa tw
alel ev zclvSwol*
l
yiyvofJLevqt elvai
rd
zeal ri
zeal
eWo? tov
zeal
7T/?05
1
ov^
rjacrov tovto,
off (a
zeal
errl
by Hude,
after G.
Hermann.
lit.
"short
of exactness."
BOOK
for
V. lxxxviii.-xc.
LXXXVIII. Mel. "It is natural and pardonable men in such a position as ours to resort to many arguments and many suppositions. This conference,
here to consider the question of our the discussion, if it please you, proceed in the way that you propose." LXXXIX. Ath. " Well, then, we on our part will make use of no fair phrases, saying either that we hold sway justly because we overthrew the Persians, 1 or that we now come against you because we are however,
is
safety; so
let
injured, offering in a lengthy speech arguments that would not be believed ; nor, on the other hand, do we presume that you will assert, either that the
reason why you did not join us in the war was because you were colonists of the Lacedaemonians, or that you have done us no wrong. Rather we presume that you aim at accomplishing what is possible in accordance with the real thoughts of both of us, since you know as well as we know that what is just is arrived at in human arguments only when the necessity on both sides is equal, and that the powerful exact what they can, while the weak yield what they must." at it is XC. Mel. " As we
(for
we
you have in this fashion, ignoring the principle of justice, suggested that we speak of what is advantageous) that you should not rule out the
principle of the common good, but that for him who is at the time in peril what is equitable should also be just, and though one has not entirely 2 proved his point he should still derive some benefit And this is not less for your interest therefrom.
if
you
shall
159
THUCYDIDES
pLeyiarrj rifjuoypla afyaXevTes
Beiyfia yevoiaQe.
XOI.
kcl\
A.
TravaOfj,
ol
reXevrijv
ov
yap
teal Aa/ceBai/jLovioi,
777)0?
Aa/ce-
haifiovLov*} rjjulv
dXX*
Kai
a>?
tovtov
rjfilv
a^eicrOco KLvBvveveo~6ar
Be
eV
(bcfreXia
Kai
eirl
re rrdpeafiev t?}? ^yttereyoa? a/o%% o-(DTr)pia vvv tou? Xoyovs epovfiev rrj<i
vfjuerepas 7r6Xeco<;,
ravra
apai,
BrjXwaofiev, ftovXojievoi
^ptfcrifia)^ 8* vfias dfi(f)0-
dirovw^
fiev vficov
repot? awdrjvai.
XCII.
-i]fjLtv
MHA.
Kai 7rw?
vjjlIv
"pr\o-ifiov
av
fjv/ifialri
vp.lv
XCIII.
A. "Ore
fiev
rara
Be
firj
XCIV.
r///,a?
MHA.
"Qo-Te
Be
rjavxiav
ayovras
cf)i\ov<;
Be firjBerepayv, ov/c av Be^aiaOe; XCV. A. Ol yap roaovTOv fj/ia? fiXdirret, V *X@P a vp&v oaov 7] (friXia pev dadeveias, to Be
fiiaos
Bwdfiecos
irapdBeiyfia
toi?
dpftOfievois
BrjXovfievov.
cruel conduct on your part would justify others in like punishment upon you should you ever be defeated.
1
i.e.
inflicting
160
BOOK
V. xc.-xcv.
ever meet with a reverse, would not only incur the greatest punishment, but would also become a warning example to others." l XCI. Ath. "But we on our part, so far as our empire is concerned, even if it should cease to be, do not look forward to the end with dismay. For it is not those who rule over others, as the Lacedaemonians also do though our quarrel is not now with the Lacedaemonians that are a terror to the
vanquished, but subject peoples who may perchance themselves attack and get the better of their rulers. And as far as that is concerned, you must permit us to take the risk. But that it is for the benefit of our empire that we are here, and also the safety of your city that we now propose
to speak, we desire
we
is
shall
make
what
dominion over you without trouble to ourselves, and that you should be saved to the advantage of both." XCI I. Mel. "And how could it prove as advanto have
it
is
for
you to
XCI 1 1. Ath. "Because it would be to your advantage to submit before suffering the most horrible fate, and we should gain by not destroying you." XCIV. Mel. "And so, you mean, you would not consent to our remaining at peace and being friends instead of enemies, but allies of neither " combatant ? XCV. Ath. " No for your hostility does not for in the injure us so much as your friendship eyes of our subjects that would be a proof of our weakness, whereas your hatred is a proof of our
; ;
power."
161
THUCYDIDES
XCVI.
MHA.
XfCOTTOV(Tl
8'
VflCOV
OVTCt)?
01
VTDJfCOOL TO elfCO?, W(TT6 TOU9 T fill] IT po O TjfCOVl <Z9 real ogol airoLKoi ovres ol woWol ical airodTavT^
XCVII. A.
ireiv
Atfcauo/jtCiTi
/cara,
yap ovBeTepovqiWeL-
hvvap.iv Be tovs puev irepiBe (bare ei;co yiyveaOai, r)p,a$ cj)6/3(p ov/c eirievai' teal rod irXeovcov dp^ai teal to dacpaXes rjpuv Bid
rjyovvrat,,
to Karaarpa^rjvai av Trapda^oire,
vr)<Jioijai
oUbs
kcli
vav/cparopcov,
p,rj
/cal
daOevio-repoi eTepcov
6We9,
el
nrepvyevoiaOe.
'Ey o i/cLV(p ov vop,l^ere aacpdXCVIII. Xetav; Bel yap av ical evravOa, wenrep vpuels T(ov
Bi/caicov
MHA.
Xoycov
r)p,a$
/c/3i/3do-avT<}
tw
/cat
vp,ereprp
%vp<f)6p(p viratcoveiv
ireLOere,
el
koX fjpas
to
rj/niv
Xprjaipov SiSdafcovras,
gvpLp,axovai,
rvy^dvec
ireiOetv.
7nw9
ov
iroXepuayaeo-Oe
avrovs, orav 69 rdBe (3XetyavTe<i rjytfo-covrau irore vp,d<; teal eirl acid's f)%eiv; /cdv tovto> tl aXXo r)
tovs
Be
puev
pirjBe
yeveaOat,
a/eovras eird-
yeaOe;
XCIX. A. Ov yap vopii^opev rjptv tovtovs BeivoTepov?, oaoi ^ireiponal irov 6Vt69 tcov eXev2
depcov
1
rjp,a<;
Reieke's correction, for fxcXA-fiaovTas of the MSS. For t 4\cv6epci> of the MSS., Stahl following the Sohol.
16?
BOOK
in sucli a
V. xcvi.-xcix.
your subjects regard equity put in the same category those that do not belong to you at all and those your own colonists in most cases and in others revolted who have been subdued by you ? " subjects XCVII. Ath. * As to pleas of justice, they think that neither the one nor the other lacks them, but that those who preserve their freedom owe it to their power, and that we do not attack them because we are afraid. So that, to say nothing of our enlarging our empire, you would afford us security by being subdued, especially if you, an insular power, and weaker than other islanders, should fail to show yourselves superior to a power which is master of
as to
"Do
the sea."
XCVIII. Mel.
there
is
x For here also it is security in the other course ? as force us to abandon all pleas of necessary, just you justice and seek to persuade us to give ear to what is to your own interests, that we, too, tell you what is to our advantage and try to persuade you to adopt it, if that happens to be to your advantage also.
shall
all
neutral,
conclude
also?
And
in this
what
else are
strengthening the enemies you already have, and bringing upon you, against their inclination, others who would never have thought of " becoming your enemies ? XCIX. Ath. " Not so, for we do not reckon those as the more dangerous to us who, dwelling somewhere on the mainland and being free men, will defer for a
1
i.e.
163
THUCYDIDES
(f>vXatcf}<; TroirjcrovTai,
dXXa
7/877 rrj<; dpxfjs ovtoi yap irXelar av rq> aXoyiarcp e7riTpiyjravT<; a<f)a<} re avrov<; teal kivBvvov Karaar^aeiav. r/^Lta? e? irpoviTTOV
dvayKaico nrapo^vvopevovs.
C.
MHA.
*H
ttjv
re
fi7]
aTraXXayfjvai
7)pXv
napaKivBvvevaiv
iroiovvrai,
ye to??
pi,})
en
BeiXla
CI.
A.
Ovk,
rjv
ye
acotypovciy? fiovXevrjade'
ala^yvqv
Xov
r)
fiovXr),
7Tpb<;
liij
dvOlaraaOai.
CII.
l
MHA. *AXX
/jlcov
r/
eanv
Kara to Biacpepov e/carepcov 7rXr)0o<;. /cal tj/jllv to p.ev el%ai ev6v$ dveXirio~TOv, puerd Be rov Bpcofievov eTi /cal crTrjvai eA-Trt? o/?#a>?.
'EX7rl<$ Be, KivBvvcp irapa/nvOiov dirb ovaa, tovs fiev irepiovaia^ xp(op,evov<; avTr), kolv (BXd-tyr), ov KaOelXe, to?? Be e? dirai' to virdp-
CUT.
A.
ev
0T(p
en
<f>vXd-
For noX^Uv
of the
MSS., with
Valla.
164
BOOK
V. xcix.-cih.
long time taking any precau tions against us, but rather those who dwell in some of the islands, both those who, like you, are subject to no control, and those who are already exasperated by the necessity of submission to our rule. For it is these who are most likely to give way to recklessness and bring both themselves and us into danger which they cannot but
foresee."
C.
if
brave so great a risk, you in order that you may not lose your empire, and they, who are already your slaves, in order that they may be rid of it, for us surely who still have our freedom it would be the height of baseness and cowardice not to resort to every expedient before submitting to servitude." CI. Ath. u No, not if you take a sensible view of the matter; for with you it is not a contest on equal terms to determine a point of manly honour, so as to avoid incurring disgrace; rather the question before you is one of self-preservation to avoid offering resistance to those who are far stronger than you." CII. Mel. " But we know that the fortune of war is sometimes impartial and not in accord with the
And for us, to yield is at difference in numbers. once to give up hope but if we make an effort, there is still hope that we may stand erect." CIII. Ath. " Hope is indeed a solace in danger, and for those who have other resources in abundance, though she may injure, she does not ruin them but for those who stake their all on a single throw hope being by nature prodigal it is only when disaster has befallen that her true nature is recognized, and when at last she is known, she leaves the victim no
;
165
THUCYDIDES
^erai t*9 avrrjv yvcopiadeto-av ovtc iWei,7rei,. eirl poTrrj? puia? ovt<; vfjiefc aaOevefc re teal
b
pur)
(3ov\ea6e iradelv,
purjBe opbOicoOrjvai,
toI$ iroWols,
irie-
oh
cti
(Mp&adcu, eireiBdv
%opL6vov<; clvtovs 7rtXi7r(oaiv at <pavepa\ eXiriBe^, eirl Ta? dcpavels KaOiaravTat,, pbavTiKrjV re Kal
Xprjo-fiovs teal
oaa ToiavTa
verai.
CIV.
MHA. XaXewbv
*
puev
kcu
rjpieh,
ev
io~t,
Kal
TTJV
rvxv v
aycovu^eaOar Be TTLO-revofxev rfj puev tvXV ^k tov Oelov pur) 6'yUft}? iXacradoaeaOai, oti oaioi irpos ov BiKauovs lo-rd>
airo
tov Xaov
eo-rai,
avdy/erjv
eypvoav, Kal el purj tov aXkov, t?}? ye gvyyevetas eve tea Kal alo-'\y v V fiorjOelv. Kal ov TravTairaatv
ovt(o dXoyco? OpaavvopeOa.
CV.
A.
ovBev yap
t^? dvO pasireias twv p,ev e? to Oelov vopiicrew; Twv 6" 6? acfras avTOV? fiov\rjo~e(D<; BiKaiovpuev rj
e^co
2 irpdcraopLev.
r/yovpueOa
yap to tc Oelov
Bid 7ravTO<;
xjito
Botjrj,
to
dvOpcoireiov
re
<ra(a>9
(frvoreay;
dvayKaias, ov av KpaTrj, dp%eiv. Kal rjpeh ovt 6evTe<; tov vop,ov ovtc Keipevcp irpcoToi xp^o-dp^evoiy
earopuevov e? alel
KaTa-
BOOK
in future.
V. cm.-cv. 2
resource wherewith to take precautions against her This fate, we beg of you, weak as you are and dependent on a single turn of the scale, do not willingly incur nor make yourselves like the common crowd who, when it is possible still to be saved
;
visible
by human means, as soon as distress comes and all grounds of hope fail them, betake themselves
to
divination, oracles,
and the
bring
men
to ruin."
CIV. Mel. " We, too, be well assured, think it difficult to contend both against your power and against fortune, unless she shall be impartial but
;
trust that, in point of fortune, we shall through the divine favour be at no disadvantage because we are god-fearing men standing our ground
nevertheless
we
against men who arc unjust; and as to the matter of power, that the alliance of the Lacedaemonians
aid us, if for
supply what we lack, since that alliance must no other reason, because of our kinship with them and for very shame. So our confidence is
will
not altogether so irrational as you may suppose." CV. Ath. " Well, as to the kindness of the divine favour, neither do we expect to fall short of you therein. For in no respect are we departing from men's observances regarding that which pertains to the divine or from their desires regarding that which pertains to themselves, in aught that we demand or do. For of the gods we hold the belief, and of men we know, that by a necessity of their nature wherever they have power they always rule. And so in our case since we neither enacted this law nor when it was enacted were the first to use it, but found it in existence and expect to leave it in existence for
.6,
THUCYDIDES
XeLyjrovTes %oa)//,e#a avra), elSores teal vficis
av
ical
aXXov?
3
iv
rfj
ra? av ravro.
tov el/coTO? ov
eXaaaayaeaOar
tt}? Be
to alay^pbv Br) fSorjQ fjo-eiv vfilv Trio-TV6Te avrovs, fiafcapio-avres ov r)Xovp,ev to aeppov. vfioov to aireipoKaKov Aa/ceBaifiovioi yap Trpbs a<pd<; puev avTovs teal to,
e? Aafce&aifiovlov? Sogrj*;, fjv Bia
7roo?
&)?
aWovs
iroXXa av
ti<z
e%cov
elirelv
iirKpaveaTaTa wv
KaXa
vojil-
/cauTOL
r)
ov Trpbs
TOiavTrj
aXoyov
o~(DTr)pia$
OVI.
teal
MHA.
'H/xei? Be /caT
T<b
avTo tovto
r)Brj
pbaXiaTa iriaTevopLev
v/jL<f>epovTL
aincov
MrjXiovs airoiicovs ovras /jli] fiovXr]o~eo~6ai irpoBovTas to? fiev evvow t&v 'EXXrjvcov diriaTov^;
KaTaaTijvai,
to?<?
Be TroXep,Loi<; GDcpeXtpov?.
CVII.
pueTCi jjueTa
oj?
A.
ao~<f>aXeia<;
kwBvvov BpaaOar
CVIII.
t)/jl(ov
MHA.
'AXXa
teal
tol?
kivBvvovs re
eve/ca
168
BOOK
all
V. cv. 2-cvui.
time, so we make use of it, well aware that both you and others, if clothed with the same power And so with as we are, would do the same thing. regard to the divine favour, we have good reason not to be afraid that we shall be at a disadvantage. But as to your expectation regarding the Lacedaemonians, your confident trust that out of shame forwhile we admire your sooth they will aid you We must simplicity, we do not envy you your folly. indeed acknowledge that with respect to themselves and the institutions of their own country, the Lacedaemonians practise virtue in a very high degree but with respect to their conduct towards the rest of mankind, while one might speak at great length, in briefest summary one may declare that of all men with whom we are acquainted they, most conspicuously, consider what is agreeable to be honourable, and what is expedient just. And yet such an attitude is not favourable to your present unreason-
CVI. Mel.
" But we
CVII. Ath.
"
Do you
not think,
then,
that
hand in hand with security, while a justice and honour are practised with danger are in general the least danger the Lacedaemonians "
self-interest goes
disposed to risk
CVUI. Mel.
"
Nay, but even the dangers we more ready to incur for our
169
THUCYDIDES
avrovs
ocrco
teal
(3ef3aiOTepov<$
rj
e?
aXXov?
vo/uelv,
7r/)o? fiev
ra epya
tt}? YleXoirovvrjcrov
iyyvs
tceifieOa, t?}? Be
yvcbp,7]<; tco
%vyyevel TricnoTepoi
Tp(ov icTfiiv.
CIX. A.
aX\'
(t?j?
yovv ol/eela? Trapaateevrjs diricTTiq teal fiera ^vfifid^cov iroXXcov Tot? 7reA,a9 iirep^ovra^y cocne
ovte et/eo? e? vr)o~6v
ye avrovs
Be
teal
r)ficov
vavtepaTopcov
ovtcov 7repaico0rjvai,
CX.
rcov
MHA.
iroXit
0/
a Wot/9
7re fjuyfrai-
fyoiev treXayos, oV ov
Xrjyjns
teal
rj
av
KparovvTcov
tcov
2 XaOelv
ftovXofievcov
crcoTTjpia.
el
TOvBe
crcpdWoiVTO, TpdiroiVT av teal e? ttjv yr\v v/icov teal eirl tou? Xoittovs tcov ^v pbpbd^cov ocrou? yjq HpacriBas eTrrjXOe, teal ov irepl tt}? firj irpocry
rj/eovcrrjs
paXXov
r)
CXI. A.
Tovtcov
1
fjuev
teal
it etrei
pa pivots av
ovk
dirb puds ircorroTe iroXiopKias 'AOrjvaloi Be aXXa.)v 2 <J)6/3ov dire^coprjaav, ev6vpovp,e6a Be oti cprj1
Kal in
MSS.
170
BOOK
sakes,
V. cviii.-cxi. 2
and that they would consider them less hazardous than if incurred for others, inasmuch as we lie close to the Peloponnesus when anything is to be undertaken there and on account of affinity of sentiment are more to be trusted than any others." CIX. Ath. "But for men who are about to take part in a struggle, that which inspires their confidence is clearly not the good will of those who call them to their aid, but such marked superiority in actual power of achievement as they may possess and to this superiority the Lacedaemonians give heed rather more than do the rest of mankind. At any rate, they so mistrust their own resources that they always associate themselves with many allies when they attack their neighbours so that it is not likely they will ever cross over to an island while we are masters of the sea." CX. Mel. " But there are others whom they might send ; besides, the Cretan sea is wide, so that upon it the capture of a hostile squadron by the masters of the sea will be more difficult than it would be to cross over in security for those who wish to elude them. And if they should fail in this attempt they could turn against your territory and against any of the rest of your allies whom Brasidas did not reach and then you would have to exert yourselves, not for the acquisition of territory that never belonged to you, but for the preservation of your own con;
and your own country." CXI. Ath. " Of these contingencies one or another might indeed happen but they would not be new to our experience, and you yourselves are not unaware that the Athenians have never in a single instance withdrawn from a siege through fear of any foe.
federacy, aye,
;
'7'
THUCYDIDES
aavres
irepl
acorripia*;
<p
fiovXevcreiv
ovBev
ev
av9pwrroi av Triarev<ravT<? vofiLaeiav acodrjcreadai, dXX* v/nwv ra p,ev IvXyporcLTCL i\TTL%6fiva fxeXXerai, rd 6 virapToaovro) Xoyrp elprj/care
ypvTCL fipayea
irpo<$
ra
re
-37877
ylyveaOai.
3 ti
ttoXXyjv
aXoyiav
aXXo
Brj
ov yap
eiri
ye rrjv ev Tot? alcr^poL^ real irpovTTTois kivBvvoi$ irXelara 8ia(pdeipovcrav avOpcoTrovs ala^vvrjv
rpeyfreade.
7roXXot?
yap
TrpoopcopuevoL^
en
e?
ola
prjjuaros,
pyrp
gv/Mfropais
dvr)tce<JTOLs
e/covras
r)
tu^?;?
TrpoaXaftelv.
b vfieis,
r)i>
ev ftovXevrjade,
iroXe^ re
yaadadai
fierpia TTpofcaXov/jLevr)*;,
trepi
Ka\ da^aXelas
ocTives roi9 p>ev
1
/jltj
ra yeipw cf)i,Xovifcrj<jar a>? caoa /jlt) ec/covcri, tol$ Be Kpelareads tvxt?. after Schol.
Hude
See chs. lxxxvii., lxxxviii. men who expect to be saved by divine intervention cj. ch. civ. f.
8
i.e.
;
human means,
not by
172
BOOK
said
V. cxi. 2-4
However, we cannot but reflect that, although you * that you would take counsel concerning your deliverance, you have not in this long discussion advanced a single argument that ordinary men 2 would put their confidence in if they expected to be On the contrary, your strongest grounds delivered. for confidence are merely cherished hopes whose fulfilment is in the future, whereas your present
resources are too slight, compared with those already And arrayed against you, for any chance of success. you exhibit a quite unreasonable attitude of mind if you do not even now, after permitting us to withdraw, come to some decision that is wiser than your present purpose. For surely you will not take refuge in that feeling which most often brings men to ruin when they are confronted by dangers that are clearly foreseen and therefore disgraceful the fear of such
disgrace. many men, though they can still clearly foresee the dangers into which they are drifting, are lured on by the power of a seductive word the thing called disgrace until, the victims
For
of a phrase, they are indeed plunged, of their own act, into irretrievable calamities, and thus incur in addition a disgrace that is more disgraceful, because
associated with folly rather than with misfortune. Such a course you will avoid, if you take wise counsel, and you will not consider it degrading to acknowledge yourselves inferior to the most powerful state when
it
offers you moderate terms to become allies, keeping your own territory but paying tribute and, when a choice is given you of war or safety, not to hold out stubbornly for the worse alternative. Since those who, while refusing to submit to their equals, yet comport themselves wisely towards their superiors
*73
THUCYDIDES
5 fiirptol elai, TrXetar
gogi KaXco? irpoafyepovTai, irpo*; Be tov$ riacrovs av opOoivro. GKOirelre ovv Kal juLeTacrravrcov r)/na)V nai ivOvfielaOe iroXXaKL?
otl irepl TrarpbSos fiovXeveaOe,
9
l
97?
/ua?
fJLTJ
irepi
Kal
pLcLV
KaTopOoa-
aaaav
t(ov
earai.
fieTeyjjdp^aav ex Kara, <7<a9 avrovs
CXII. Kal
Xoycov
a)?
ol
Be
1S/[ij\ioi
yevo/nevoi,
eBotjev
auTot?
co
ev
oXlyw %pov(p
fievT)*;
oIkov-
eXevOepiav dcpaiprjcrofieOa, dXXa rfj re rovBe aqy^ovo-rj tv^jj e/c rod Oelov avrrjv fieXP Kal rfj diro tcov dvOpooircov Kal 2 AaKeBaifiovicov
rrjv
L
Tificopla
3
TTLa-TevovTes
ireipaaSfieOa
acpteaOat,.
irpoKaXovfieda Be vjids <f)LXoi fiev elvai, iroXifiiot Be firjBerepois, Kal ck Trjs yf}<; rjficbv dvaxcoprjaai
GTTOvBds
7roir}(rajjLevov<i
arrives
BoKovaiv eimr)-
CXIII. Ol
vavTO'
ol
fiev
Br)
Be ^AOrjvatoi BiaXvofievoi
eK tcov
"
Xoycov ecfraaav
'AW*
Xovra
tcov jSovXevfiaTcov, a>? rjfiiv BoKelre, ra fiev fieXtcov bpcofievcov aacpecrTepa Kplveie, to, Be OedcrOe' dcpavrj tw fiovXeaOai a>9 yiyvofieva r)Br)
fa for fy, as the Schol. seems to have read. koI Aa/ceSot/xovtwv deleted by Hude, after StahL
174
BOOK
V. cxi. 4-cxiii.
and are moderate towards their inferiors these, we say, are most likely to prosper. Consider, then, once more after our withdrawal, and reflect many times
in your deliberations that your fatherland is at stake, your one and only fatherland, and that upon one decision only will depend her fate for weal or woe." CXII. So the Athenians retired from the conference and the Melians, after consulting together in private, finding themselves of much the same opinion as they had expressed before, answered as follows " Men of Athens, our opinion is no other than it was at first, nor will we in a short moment rob of its liberty a city which has been inhabited already seven hundred years 1 but trusting to the fortune which by divine favour has preserved her hitherto, and to such help as men, even the Lacedaemonians, can But we give, we shall try to win our deliverance. propose to you that we be your friends, but enemies to neither combatant, and that you withdraw from our territory, after making such a truce as may seem suitable for both of us."' CX11I. Such was the answer of the Melians; and the Athenians, as they were quitting the conference, " said Then, as it seems to us, judging by the result of these deliberations of yours, you are the
;
: ; :
only
than what
regard future events as more certain before your eyes, and who look upon that which is out of sight, merely because you wish You have staked your all, it, as already realized. putting your trust in the Lacedaemonians, in fortune
lies
men who
us back Evidently a merely general statement, carrying v the Dorian invasion. Con on, Narrat. 36, mentions the Spartan Philonomus as founder of Melos, soon after the Dorians settled at Sparta. See Muller, Orchomenos,
to the time of
p. 317.
175
THUCYDIDES
Br)
7rapa/3e/3\r)/_ievoi
/cal
o-^aXrjaecrOe.^
CXIV. Kal ol /xev 'AOijvaiwv irpeafieis aveyu>prjaav e? to aTpdrev/ia' ol Be arparrjyol avr&v, o>? ovBev VTTTj/covov ol MrjXioi, irpo? troXefiov evOv? irpiirovro real BieXofievot Kara iroXeis 2 irepLeTelyiaav kvkXw tou? M?7\tov?. teal varepov real rcov ^vfjbfidycov cf)v\afcr)V acf)(ov re avrcjv
'
AOrjvaloL
teal
Kara
dvexcoprjcrav
rat
yrjv irXelovL
teal
rov
arparov. ol Be Xenr6p,evoi irapafievovre^ eiroXioptcovv to ywplov. CXV. Kal *Apyeloi teara top ypbvov top avrov
eVySaXcWe?
e?
tt)v
QXeiaaiav Kal
tu>v
ol
Xo%io~6evT<;
(f>vydB(ov
afyerepcov
oyBo^KOvra. Kal
ex
tt)?
UvXov
Kal AaKehatfiovLOL Bi avrb Ta? fiev airovBas ovB' co? depevres iiroXepLOW avrol<;, eKrjpv^av Be, et tj? Kal ftovXerai irapcu acf)(ov, A6rjvaiov<s Xrj^eaOai. Kopivdwi e7roXefir)aav IBicov tlvcov Biafyopwv eveKa
'*
'
Tot?
4
Adrjvalow
ol 8*
ya^ov. elXov Be Kal ol MrjXiot, tcov AOrjvaiwv tou it e p it eiyicr pharos to Kara rrjv dyopav irpoafiaXovre? vvktos, Kal avBpas re direKTeivav Kal eaeveytcdfxevoi atrov re Kal oca irXelaja iBvvavro
yp?]OLfia dvaycopijaavre^ i]orvya^ov Kal ol *A6t)valoi apieivov t?)^ cftvXaKrjv to eireira irapecrKevdovto.
CXVI.
ToO
Bai/xovioi
/jLeXXijoavTes
AaKearpa-
176
BOOK
and
in
V. cxiir.-cxvi.
all
fond hopes
you
will
come
to ruin."
CXIV. So the Athenian envoys returned to the army and their generals, as the Melians would not yield, immediately commenced hostilities, and drew
;
a wall round about the city of Melos, distributing the work among the several states. Afterwards, leaving
some of their own troops and of their allies to keep guard both by land and by sea, they withdrew with the greater part of the army, while the rest remained behind and besieged the place. CXV. About the same time the Argives invaded but being ambushed by the Phliasians and Phliasia the Argive exiles they lost about eighty men. Also the Athenians at Pylos took much booty from the Lacedaemonians; but even this did not move the Lacedaemonians to renounce the treaty and make war upon
;
them. They made proclamation, however, that any one of their own people who wished might make reprisals upon the Athenians. The Corinthians also went to war with the Athenians on account of some private
but the rest of the Peloponnesians kept Melians, too, took the part of the Athenian wall over against the market-place by a night assault ; then having slain some of the men and brought in grain and as many other necessaries as
differences
quiet.
;
The
they could, they withdrew and kept quiet. After that the Athenians maintained a better watch. So the summer ended.
CXVI. The following winter the Lacedaemonians were on the point of invading Argive territory, but
177
THUCYDIDES
reveiv, &>?
avTofc ra Sia/Barr/pia
ov/c eyiyvero,
zeal 'Apyeloi 8ia ttjv i/cetveov fie\avexcoprjcrav. 2 \r)aiv t&v iv rfj iroXei Tivas V7ro7TTvcravT<; tou? 2 fjuev %vve\af3ov, ol 8' civtovs /cal 8i<j)uyov. /cal ol
clvtov?
xpovov? avOis
/caO"
erepov TTepiTU\io-}xa'TO<$ el\ov twv *A0rj3 vaicov, 7rapovrcov ov ttoWcov twv (f>v\d/ccov. /cal
tov
i\0ovar)<;
ak\r)<; } &>?
6 Arjfieov,
yevo/Jiivr]*;
varepov i/c twv 'AOtjvcov ravra iyoyvero, ^? VPX e QiXo/cpdrr)*; /cal Kara /cpdros rjhr) iroXioptcovjievoL, /cal 7rpo8o(ria<i two? d(f> eavT&v, %vveo~Tparia<;
'
^(oprjaav ro2<; 'Adrjvabois oj(tt i/celvovs nrepl avrcov ol Be direicTeivav MrjXicov ocrou? j3ov\evaai. r)J3)VTa<; ekajSov, ireuhas 8e /cal yvval/cas rjvhpairohiaav.
VOTpOV
1
Upa h rots bplois, in MSS. after 5ta#aT^/na, deleted by Cobet as a gloss on that word. cj. ch. liv. 2, lv. 3. 3 Meineke's conjecture for viroTOTr-fjaavres of the MSS. 3 tpKiffay, several good MSS. for the Vulgate $Krt(rav.
1*3
BOOK
V. cxvi. 1-4
as the sacrifices for crossing the boundaries were not favourable they returned home. On account of this intention on the part of the Lacedaemonians, the Argives, suspecting certain men in their city, seized some of them, but the rest escaped. About the same time the Melians again at another point took a part of the Athenian encompassing wall, the garrison not being numerous. But later, in consequence of these occurrences, another force came from Athens, of which Philocrates son of Demeas was commander,
some
treachery, too, having made its appearance among them capitulated to the Athenians on the condition that these should determine their fate. The Athenians thereupon slew all the adult males whom they had taken and made slaves of the children and women.
But the place they then peopled with new settlers from Athens, sending thither at a later time five
hundred
colonists.
179
BOOK VI
9
I.
ToO
^i/ceXiav
(npi^jraaOai,
tov pueyedovs
t?}?
ov
i)
iroXe/uiov
dvypovvTo
Xi/ceX[a<;
ov ttoXXS) tivi
yap irepieXaaaov r)
l
ovaa
ev el/coo~io~TaBLq)
fidXiara [tirpcD
rj'rreipos
r?}?
OaXdacrrjs BieipyeTai to
p,rj
elvai*
Be a)Be to
TI.
^fliKiaOrj
dpyalov
/cal
ToadBe
Xeyov^oopa? Kv/cXames /cal AaicrTpvyoves olfcijaai, oiv eyco ovt yevos e^co elirelv 0VT6 6ir66ev earjXOov rj oitoi aTreyjuop^crav* dp/ceiT(0 Be ft)? TTOPITaiS T Lp7]Tai KoX ft)? 6/faCTTO? ITT)
fxev
t?}?
irakaiTaToi
Xt/cavol Be
/jlt
qvtovs
For the usual eftcotn (rrabioov (CF corrected, f2 ) adopted after M and Schol. Patm., elKoai arahiois AB. 8 Hude as not read by Schol. Patm. /jLerpca deleted by
*
man.
182
ehai, so nearly all recent editors following (suprasrr. jrr.), Demetrius and Procopius, for olaa of the MSS.
Shilleto,
rixtipovoSai.
BOOK
I.
VI
416B.0.
sail
During the same winter the Athenians wished to again to Sicily with a larger armament than that
if
conducted by Laches and Eurymedon, 1 and subdue it, they could, most of them being ignorant of the great size of the island and of the large number of its inhabitants, Hellenic as well as Barbarian, and that they were undertaking a war not very much For the inferior to that against the Peloponnesians. voyage round Sicily, for a merchantman, is one of not much less than eight days and although it is so large only a distance of about twenty stadia of the sea divides the island from the mainland. II. Sicily was settled originally in the following manner, and the whole number of the nations that occupied it were these. Most ancient of all those who are reported to have settled in any part of the island were the Cyclopes and Laestrygonians,as to whom, however, I am able to tell neither their stock nor whence they came nor whither they went let it suffice as the story has been told by the poets, 2 and as each man has formed his opinion about them. The Sicanians appear to have been the first to settle
;
Two separate earlier expeditions, one under Laches and Charoeades, 427 B.C. (in. lxxxvi. 1), the other under Pythodorus. Sophocles and Eurymedon, 424 B.C. (iv. ii.), are here comprised under the one formula 2 Homer, no doubt, especially, as also in 1. x. 1 ; xi. 3 ;
1
xxi.
1.
183
THUCYDIDES
irpcoToi
(pacrt,,
<j>a(,vovrat
ivoiKiadpevoi,
co?
piev
avrou
irporepoi Bia to avrox^oves elvai. ws Be r) dXrjdeia evpiaKerai, "lftrjpes ovres r.al airb rov XiKavov rrorapiov rov iv 'Iftr/pia virb Aiyvcov
zeal
dvaardvres.
r\
vrjcros
eKaXelro, irpbrepov TpivaKpia KaXov/nevr)' oIkov<tl Be en kcl\ vvv ra irpbs eairepav rrjv HiKeXiav.
3 'IXlov
Be
yovres 'A^a/ou? irXoiois d^iKvovvrai nrpbs rrjv XiKeXiav, fcal ofiopoi rois XiKavois oiKijaavres %vpurravres jiev "EiXvpoi iKXrjdrjcrav, 7r6Xeis B* avrcov "Epuf re fcaVEyeara. irpoa^vvay/crjcrav Be avrols Kai <l>a)fcea)v rives rwv drrb Tpoias rore %ifi(ovt
is Aifivrjv nrpwrov, eireira is 'EifceXiav air avrr/s 4 Karevex^evres. %i/ce\ol Be ef 'IraXias (ivravOa yap o)kovv) Bieffrjaav is ^iKeXlav, <f>evy ovres *Ottia>9 fiev cikos /cal Xeyerai, irrl a^Bicov, rrjprjaavres rbv rropOpbv Karibvros rov dvepov, ra%a av Be real aXXws ttcos iairXev o~ avres. elo~l Be Kai Kai r) yo*pa curb vvv en iv rfj 'IraXia %iKeXor 'lraXoO, /3aaiXi(os rivbs XikXmv, rovvofia rovro
kovs,
iXdovres Bt HiKeXiav arparbs rroXvs rovs re XiKavovs Kparovvres pdxy dveareiXav irpbs ra p,ar)p,f3pivd Kai karrepia avrrjs Kai dvrl lixavias ^iKeXiav rrjv vrjaov iiroirjaav KaXeiaOai, Kai ra Kpdriara
is rr)v
rijs yrjs (pKrjaav exovres, eirel Bie/3rjo-av, errj iyyvs rpiaKoaia irplv" KXXrjvas is ^iKeXiav eXOeiv en Be Ka\ vvv ra fxeaa Kai ra irpbs ftoppav rrjs vrjaov h'xovaiv. (pKovv Be Kai <&olviks irepl rraaav pev rrjv XtKeXiav aKpas re eirl rfj OaXdaarj aTroXaftovres Kai ra eiriKeifieva vrjalBia iprropias eveKa rij<i
184
BOOK
VI.
ii.
2-6
there after thern, indeed, as they themselves assert, even before them, as being indigenous, but as the truth is found to be, they were Iberians and were driven by the Ligurians from the River Sicanus in From them the island was then called Iberia. Sicania, having been called Trinacria before ; and they still inhabit the western parts of Sicily. But on the capture of Ilium some of the Trojans, who had escaped the Achaeans, came in boats to Sicily, and settling on the borders of the Sicanians were called, as a people, Elymi, while their cities were named Eryx and Egesta. And there settled with them also some of the Phocians, who on their return at that time from Troy were driven by a storm first to Libya and thence to Sicily. The Sicels, again, crossed over from Italy, where they dwelt, to Sicily, fleeing from the Opicans as is probable and indeed is reported on rafts, having waited for their passage till the wind was from the shore or perhaps they sailed thither in
some other way also. Even now there are Sicels still in Italy and the country was named Italy after Italus, a king of the Sicels who had this name. These crossed over to Sicily in a vast horde and conquering the Sicanians in battle forced them back to the southern and western parts of the island, causing it
;
be called Sicily instead of Sicania. They settled there after they had crossed and held the best parts of the land for nearly three hundred years before the Hellenes came to Sicily ; and even now they still hold the central and northern parts of the island. Phoenicians, too, had settlements all round Sicily, on promontories along the sea coast, which they walled off, and on the adjacent islets, for the sake
to
VOL.
III.
c8 5
THUCYDIDES
ewecS}) 8k oi "EXXiyves 7roX7r/)05 tow? Xt/ceXovs' Xol Kara ddXaacrav iireaeTrXeov, eicknrovTes ra irXeiw fylorvrjv koX XoXoevra koX Ylavopfxov iyyvs
rtov 'QXv/jlcdv ^vvoiKiaavre^ eve/jbovro, ^v/n/j,a^La T iriavvoi rfj roiv 'KXv/jlwv /cal on ivreuOev iXd-
yicrtov itXovv
ftapoi, fjuev
Kapxv^ v
XitceXias cnrixei.
ftdp-
(p/crjaav.
III. 'HLXXrjvcov Be TrpcoTot, XaA/aS?}? ef Eivftoias TrXevaavres fiera ov/c\eov<; oIkiotov Ndljov (Skiaav real AttoXXcovos 'Apxvy&Tov ftcoftov, oari? vvv
'
efo) rrjs TroXecb? icrriv, iBpvaavTO, icj)' a>, orav etc Xt/eeXta? Oecopol irXecoai, irpwrov Ovovaiv. %vpaf
/covaas Be tov exo/nevov erovs 'A/r^/a9 tcov H/)akXelBwv ifc Kopivdov w/ciae, St/ceXou? igeXdaas irpcoTov etc t?}? vrjcrov, iv rj vvv ovk6ti irepiKXvl
o/nevr)
/cal
r)
r)
7ro\t?
h'^co
vero.
ov/cXf}<; Be ica\ oi XaX/ciBrj? i/c Nafov 6pfir)0VT6<; erei irkprnTw fiera Xvpa/covaras oiki-
XdcravTes, oiKi^ovai
adeicras Acovtlvov? re, iroXejuay tov$ *ZiKeXov$ efe/cal fier avrovs K.ardvr]V' oIkktttjv Be avrol Karavaiot eiroirjaavTO Rvapxov IV. Kara Be tov avrbv xP v0V Kai Aa/it? Ik
e?
1 On the little island of S. Pantaleon near the promontory of Lilybaeum. 2 8 East of Palermo, now Salanto. Palermo. 4 735 B.C. The site was the best point for landing from
Now
Hellas, near Tauromenium (Taormina). 6 leader appointed by a state to conduct the people sent out to establish a colony. He probably received material
186
BOOK
also
VI.
ii.
6-rv.
But when the Hellenes began to come in by sea in large numbers, the Phoenicians left most of these places and settling 1 2 3 together lived in Motya, Soloeis and Panormus
near the Elymi, partly because they trusted in their Elymi and partly because from there the voyage from Sicily to Carthage is shortest. These, then, were the barbarians and such was the
alliance with the
which they settled in Sicily. Hellenes, on the other hand, the first to sail over were some Chalcidians from Euboea who settled Naxos 4 with Thucles as founder, 6 and built an altar in honour of Apollo Archegetes. 6 This is now outside of the city, and on it the sacred deputies, 7 when they sail from Sicily, first offer sacrifice. The 8 following year Syracuse was founded by Archias, one of the Heracleidae from Corinth, after he had first expelled the Sicels from the island, no longer surrounded by water, on which now stands the inner and at a later period also the outer city was city connected with it by walls and became populous.
in
III.
manner
Of the
In the fifth year after the settlement of Syracuse, Thucles and the Chalcidians, setting forth from Naxos, drove out the Sicels in war and settled
it Catana. 9 The Catanaeans, chose for themselves Evarchus as founder. however, IV. About the same time Lamis also came to Sicily with a colony from Megara and settled in a
privileges and grants while alive, and certainly was paid divine honours sacrifices and games after death. If a
colony afterwards founded another colony, it was customary to ask a leader from the mother city. 8 So called as ''founder" or protector of a new settlement. 7 On missions to games or oracles.
8
734 B.O.
729
B.C.
187
THUCYDIDES
virep Tlavrafcvov re irorapiov TpcoriXov ri ovopua Xcopiov olKiaa? Kal varepov avroOev TOi? Xa\fciBevaiv 69 AeovrLvovs okiyov y^pbvov ^vpuroXirevaa^ Kal vrrb avrcov i/CTreacov Kal d\]rov olrelaa? avrbs
dXXoi i/c rrjs Sdyjrov dvaardvres, "T/3\covo<; jSaaiXea)*; StKeXov irapaBovros rrjv yozpav /cal KaO^yrjaajuLevov, M.eyapea<; (oKiaav 2 rov$ *T/3\cllov<; /cXrjOevTas. Kal err) olKijaavre*;
puev airodvrjCTKei, ol 8'
f
irevre /cal
reaaapaKovra /cal BiaKoaia virb TeXcovos rvpdvvov%vpaKoa[wv dvearrjaav i/c rrj? 7ro\ea)? /cal
j((t)pa<;.
f)
irplv Be dvaarfjvat, ereaiv varepov e/carbv avrovs oi/ciaai, TLdpbpiXov nrep/^ravre^ XeXivovvra Krltpvaiy /cal i/c M.eydpcov rrj^ prjrpoirbXew^
3 ovarj<;
'AvTicfyrjfjLOS
i7roiKov<;
dyayovres
dirb
/coivf)
e/criaav erei
tt
epuirrcp
puev rroXei
earl Kal o r) irbXis vopuip^a Be rrpcarov irei^iaO-q ALvBioi /caXelrar ereai Be eyyvrara 6/cro) 4 Acopi/cd ereOr] avroi?.
/cal
e/carbv
perd
rr)v
'A/cpdyavra wKiaav, rr)v puev ttoXiv dirb rov' A/cpdyavros worapiov ovopudaavres, ol/ciara? Be iroir]aavres Apiarbvovv /cal YivarlXov, vbp,ipa Be rd
''
5 YeXojcov B6vre<$.
Kvp,r]<;
rr)<;
Zdy/cXrj Be rr)v puev dpyyv dirb y iv 07ri/cLaXaX/ciBi/crj<; nroXeca^Xrjarcdv Kal drrb XaX/aSo? d(f)LKOpi6va)V (p/claOr), varepov Be
Kal
tt)?
188
BOOK
VI.
iv.
1-5
Pantaeyas there and
;
place called Trotilus, beyond the river but afterwards, having removed from joined the settlement of the Chalcidians he was a little later driven out by
at Leontini,
them, and then after colonizing Thapsus x met his death. His followers were expelled from Thapsus and settled then at a place called Megara Hyblaea, 2 since Hyblon, a Sicel king, gave up the land to them and After dwelling there two led them to the site. hundred and forty-five years, they were driven out of the town and country by Gelon, tyrant of SyraBut before they were driven out, a hundred cuse. years after they had settled there, they founded 8 Selinus, sending thither Pammilus, who came from the mother-city Megara and joined in the settlement. In the forty-fifth year after the settlement of Syracuse Gela 4 was founded by Antiphemus from Rhodes and Entimus from Crete, who together led out the colonj The city got its name from the river Gela, but the place where the acropolis now is and which was the first to be fortified is called Lindii. 6 The institutions given it were Dorian. Just about one hundred and eight years after their own foundation, the Geloans colonized Acragas 6 and they named the city after the river Acragas, making Aristonous and Pystilus founders, and giving it the institutions of the Geloans. Zancle was settled, in the beginning, by pirates who came from Cyme, the Chalcidian city in Opicia but afterwards a large number of colonists came from Chalcis and the rest of Euboea and shared the land with them,
; ;
8
6
728
B.C.
028
B.C.
689
B.C.
;
cf.
Hdt
189
vn.
5S1 b.o.
THUCYDIDES
fiavTO t)/p yr)v
Taifj,ev7]<;
Kal oIkmttcll
avrr)<;, 6
iyevovro
CLTTO Xa\.KL8o<;.
yjv virb
OVOjJLCL
8pe7ravoeiBe<;
IBeav to ^copiov iarri (to Be Bpeiravov ol XitceXol dyfc\ov KaXov&iv), vcrrepov 8' avrol p,ev virb Xapblcov Kal aXXwv 'loovcov itciri'Tnovo-Lv, ol M.ij8ov<s
tijv
'AmftXa?
TrpoaeftaXov ^ZiKeXiq, tow Be lapiov? rvpavvos ov 7ro\\a> varepov ifcftaXcbv Kal ttjv ttoXlv auTO? ^yppueuKroov dvOpcoirwv olfciaa? Meo~o-r)vr)v dirb rrjs eavrov to dpxalov
<j)6vyopT<;
'Prjylvcov
iraTpihos avToovopuaaev. V. Kat *lp,epa dirb Zdy/c\rj<; (pKiadr) virb EiitfcXeiBov real %ip,ov Kal XaKcovo?, Kal XaXKi8f]<; pev ol TrXecaroi rjXOov e? ttjv diroLKiav, %vvo)Kio~av Be avTOis Kal ck SvpaKovawv (fivydBes ardaei
viKrfievTes, ol MvXrjTiBaL
p,ev
KaXovpevor
Kal
epeovr)
peratjv ttj? re XaXKLBecov Kal AcoptBos Kpd0r), voptpua Be ra XaXKiBiKa, eKpdrrjaev. 2 "AKpai Be Kal KaapLevat, virb ^vpaKoaioav aWo-Orjaav, "A.Kpai fiev eftBoprjKovTa ereai p,erd %vpaKOvo~a<z, Kacrpivai 8' 6771)? eiKoai p,era
3
"AKpa?.
Kal Kapdptva to TrpwTov virb XvpaKOaiwv (pKio-dr], ereaiv iyyvrara irevre Kal rptdKovra Kal eKarbv perd IvpaKOva&v ktlglv oiKio"val Be iyevovro avrr\s AdaKcov Kal Mevedvaardrcov Be Kapapivalayv yevopiivcov kcoXos.
7roXep(p virb 2,vpaKOo~i(ov oV diroaraciVy ^pov(p l7nroKpaT7]<? varepov TeXa? rvpavvos, Xvrpa dvBpfov
^vpaKoaiwv al^paXcorcov
oikio~tt)<;
Kapaptvalwv, avrbs
190
yevop&vo<; KarcpKiae
BOOK
VI.
iv.
5-v. 3
the founders being Perieres and Crataemenes, the one from Cyme, the other from Chalcis. Its name at first was Zancle, and it was so called by the Sicels because the place is sickle-shaped for th^ Sicels call Afterwards these settlers were a sickle "zanclon." driven out by Samians and other Ionians, who in their flight before the Persians landed in Sicily 1 but the Samians were expelled not long afterwards
:
by Anaxilas, tyrant of Rhegium, who colonized the place with a mixed population and changed its name to Messene 2 after his own original fatherland.
Himera 3 was colonized from Zancle by EuMost of the colonists cleides, Simus and Sacon. were Chalcidians but there settled with them also
V.
;
fugitives from Syracuse who had been vanquished in a factional quarrel, the Myletidae as they were
called. Their language was a mixture of Chalcidic and Doric, but Chalcidic institutions prevailed. Acrae and Casmenae were colonized by the Syracusans Acrae 4 seventy years after Syracuse, Casmenae 5 nearly twenty years after Acrae. Camarina 6 was first colonized by the Syracusans, just about one hundred and thirty-five years after the foundation of Syracuse, its founders being Dascon and Menecolus. But the Camarinaeans were driven out by the Syracusans in a war which arose from a revolt, and some time later Hippocrates, tyrant of Gela, 7 receiving the territory of the Camarinaeans as ransom for some Syracusan prisoners of war, himself became founder and recolonized Camarina.
:
730 644
b.o.
B.C.
Dates 498-491.
191
THUCYDIDES
Ka/mdpivav.
/cal
avdararo^
VI. Toaavra
^.i/ceXiav a)Ki,
eOvrj
/cal
'EXXtfvcov
iirl
ToarfvSe
'AOrjvalot (TTpareveiv obp/jLTjvro, i^iep-evoi /jlIv rfj dXrjOeardrr} Trpocpdaei t?}<? Trdarjs ap^ai, ftoyOelv Be dfMa 6V7rpe7T(x)<; ftovXofievoi to? eavroiv %vyyevecri
2
fieis
/cal
fidXicna
to?
irapovres /cal TTpodvjjLorepov iTUtcaXov/ievoi,. OfMopoi yap oj/T? to?? XeXivovvTioii; ? iroXepiov /caOearao-av irepi re yaixucwv tlvcov koX irepl yrj<; dfufiHTfirjTiJTOV, /cal oi XeXivovvrioi Xvpa/coalovs
eirayayofievoL
^vjjLfid^ov^
yi)v ical
/careipyov
avrovs
ra>
iroXe/ia) /cal
t^i>
Kara
Kara daXaaoaw
(bare
iirl Aa^TO? ical rov irporepov Aeovrivcov* oi ^EyearaloL %vfifiaxiav dvaiMfivrjo-icovTes tou? 'AOrjvaiovs iBeovro g$igi vavs 7T6fi\jravTa ; eirafAvvai, "Xeyovres aXXa re iroXXa /cal /cecfrdXaiov, el Xvpa/coo~ioi Aeovrlvovs re dvao~Trjo~avTe^ drificoprjTOt, yevrjaovrai /cal toi>? 5 Xonrovs en gvfi/jLdxovs avrcov BiafyOeipovres avrol rrjv diraaav Bvva/miv tt)? ^U/ceAxa? o"X^aovcri, Kivhvvov elvai jjltj nroje [xeydXrj 7rapaa/cevfj Acopirj*; re Acopievcn Kara to %vyyeve<; /cal dp.a
yevofievrjv
iroXe/jLOV
UeXoTrovvrjaLOi,^
fior]-
Dod well's conjecture for re\ovos of the MSS. With EGM and Valla; Hude reads Trpo<ryeyevri/i4vois wilh the other MSS. 3 re after 'Eyeo-raluv omitted with three inferior MSS. 4 Afovrhwy, Hude deletes, following Classen. 8 8ia<f>delpovTts, Hude reads SiacpOttpaPTes with Cod. Clarend. 8 U\otrovvTt<riois Hude deletes, following Cobet.
2
t
192
BOOK
VI.
v.
3-vi. 2
And again the place was depopulated by Gelon, and was then colonized for the third time by the
Geloans. VI. Such were the nations, Hellenic and barbarian, 416b.c that inhabited Sicily ; and such was the magnitude of the island which the Athenians were bent upon invading. To give the truest explanation, they were eager to attain to empire of the whole of it, but they wished at the same time to have the fair pretext of 1 succouring their own kinsmen and their old allies. all But most of they were instigated by envoys of the Egestaeans who were present and invoked their
more earnestly than ever. For bordering as they did on the Selinuntians they had got into war with
aid
them about
certain marriage rights and about disputed territory and the Selinuntians, bringing in the Syracusans as allies, were pressing them hard in the war both by land and by sea. And so the Egestaeans, reminding the Athenians of their alliance which had been made with the Leontines in the time of Laches and the former war, 2 begged them to send ships to their relief; saying many other things but chiefly this, that if the Syracusans should go
;
for depopulating Leontini, and by destroying those of their allies that were still left should get the whole of Sicily into their power, there was danger that some time, lending aid with a great force, both as Dorians to Dorians on account of kinship, and at the same time as colonists to the Peloponnesians that had sent them out, they might
unpunished
1 "the allies they had acOr, reading irpoffyeyewnfUvots, " the Camarinaeans and Agrigentines (v. iv. quired besides and some of the Sicels 6) (in. ciii. 1).
cf.
in. bcxxvi.
1.
193
THUCYDIDES
BrjaavTes Kal ttjv eKeivcov hvvapnv gvy/caOekwo-cv
acocppov
8*
elvai
perd
tcov
vitoXolttcov
en
re
fjvp,-
fidxcop
avrixew
to?? %vpaKoo~LOi$,
aWcos
teal
XprjjjLara crcpcov irape^ovrcov 9 tov iroXepLOV iicava. 3 oiv a/covovT<; ol 'AOrjvaloi iv rah iKKkrjcriais tcov
T 'Eyearauov 7roX\d/ci<; \eyovrcov Kal tcov gvvayopevovTcov avrocs iyfrrjcfrlo-avTo Trpea(3eL<$ Trepuyjrai TTpCOTOV 69 TTJV "RyeCTTaV TTpL T T03V Xp7]p,aTCOV
a/ceyjrofLevovs el virdpyei^ cocnrep cpaaiv, iv tw KOIVCO KCLI V T049 lpOLS, KOU TO, TOV TToXepLOV dfia
717)09
tou9 XeXivovvTiov? iv otco iarlv elcropLevovs. VII. Kal ol jjlv irpeafteLS tcov 'AOrjvaicov aireardXyaav e'9 ttjv %LKeXiav. AaKeBaipovLOi Se tov avTov %et/xft)^09 Kal ol ^vpLfiaxoL ttXtjv Ko!
t 9 ttjv 'ApyeLav 7779 T yij? T6/iov ov ttoXXtjv Kal ctItov dveKopicravTO riva Zevyrj KopicravTe*;, Kal 9 'Opveas KarotKlcravre? tou9 Apyeicov cpvydSa? Kal tt}9 aXXr]? o-Tparia<; irapaKaiaXiirovTe^ avTols oXiyovs, Kal aireicrdpLevoi riva XP^ V0V wctt firj dSi/celv 'QpvedTa9 Kal 'ApyeCov? ttjv dXXrjXcov, dTrexcoprjaav rep 2 arrpara) iir olkov. iXOovTcov 8e AOrjvaLcov ov 7roXXco varepov vaval rpiaKovra Kal e^aKocrLoLS
pivdicov o~TpaTvcravT<;
'
'
'ApyeloL fierd tcov 'AOrjvaLcov iravfiev iv 'Opveals piav rjftepav iiroXtopKovv vtto Be vvKra, avXiaapLevov tov a-TparevfiaTOS aircodev, iKhihpdcrKovcriv ol ix Kal ry varepaia ol Apyelou cos tcov 'Opvecov.
07r\iTflU9, ol
'
dveyj^p^av
iir*
olkov.
Kal
194
e'9
BOOK
help to pull
VI.
vi. 2-vii.
3
It
of the Athenians.
would be wise, therefore, with their allies that were still left, to oppose the Syracusans, especially as the Egestaeans would furnish money sufficient for
the war.
And the
arguments of the Egestaeans and their supporters, who constantly repeated them, voted first to send envoys to Egesta to see whether the money was on hand, as they said, in the treasury and in the temples, and at the same time to ascertain how matters stood with reference to the war with the
blies these
the
the Lacedaemonians
Athenian envoys were But during the same winter and their allies, except the
Corinthians, invaded the Argive territory, ravaged a small part of the land and carried off some corn in
then having settled the Argive fugitives at Orneae, leaving with them also a small body of troops, after they had made a truce for a certain time, on condition that the Orneates and Argives were not to injure one another's land, they went home with the When the Athenians came not rest of their force. long afterwards with thirty ships and six hundred hoplites, the Argives, in company with the Athenians, went out in full force and besieged the garrison at Orneae for a single day but under cover of night, when the besieging army had bivouacked at a disThe next tance, the garrison of Orneae escaped. day the Argives, on learning this, razed Orneae to the ground and withdrew, and later the Athenians also went home with their ships. The Athenians also conveyed by sea some of their
; ;
195
THUCYDIDES
Kara dakaaaav KopicravTes
4
*A6r]vaZoi afywv tc
avToov Kal MaKeBovcov tovs irapa a^lai (pvydBas i/ca/covpyovv tt)v WepBiKKOv. AaKeBaifioviOL Be TrefiyjravTes irapa XaX/aSea? tovs eVt paKrjs, ayovra? 7rpo? AOrjvalovs 8e)(r}p,epov<; o-irovBds,
'
%vpL7ro\{ieiv iicekevov YiepBiKKa' ol 8' ovk r}6ekov. Kal 6 yeijitov erekevTa, Kal ktov /cal Bi/carov to? to) 7roX4jjLa> iTeXevTa T&Be ov SovkvBlBt}^
tjvveypayjrev.
7riyiyvo/jLevov 6epov<; a/ia r)pi ol tcov 'AOrjvaieov it peer pecs tjkov e/c t?}? XifceXias /cal ol 'Eyeo-raloi fier avrcov ayovres e^tcovra raXavra ao-rffiov apyvpiov a>9 ? eifijKovra vavs
fi7]vb$ puadov, a? epbeWov Ber)<reo6ai irepuireiv. 2 KaX ol 'A6r)valoi eKfcXrjaLav TTonqaavTe^ /cal a/covcravres tojv re 'YLyearaioiv ical rcoi> acperepcov
VIII. Tov B
irpeo-fteodv
rd re iiraycoya /cal ovk akrjOrj, Kal irepl tcov ^prj^drcov <w? elr) erolpia ev re Tot?
aWa
lepols
TroWa Kal
e^rjKovra
Trepureiv
avTOKparopas ^AXKi^idBrjv re tov KXeivtov Kal NiKLav tov NiKrjpdrov Kal Adpaypv tov B.evocpdvovs, fior)9ov<$ puev 'Eyea-ratot? irpbs ^eXivovvl ti Ttou9, ^vyKaTOiKiaai Be Kal Aeovrlvovs, r\v
ireptyiyvr)TaL auTot? tov 7ro\ep,ov, Kal raAAa tcl ev tt} XiKeXia Trpatjat otttj av yiyvcocrKcoatv dpiGTa 3 ^AOrjvaiois. fxeTa Be tovto r\\iepa ireprnTrf eK-
K\r}aia avOis eyiyveTO, Ka6* 6 ti xph T V V ^ctpaCKevrjv rat? vaval Ta^iara yiyveaOai, Kal tol<;
GTpaTrjyol*;, el
1
tov irpocrBeoiVTO,
yjrrjcpiaOrjvai
e?
Hude
inserts t after
4Jv.
196
BOOK
own
VI.
vii.
3-vm.
cavalry and the Macedonian exiles that were with them to Methone, which borders on Macedonia, and ravaged the country of Perdiccas. And the
Lacedaemonians sent to the Chalcidians in Thrace, a truce renewable every ten days with the Athenians, and urged them to join Perdiccas in the war but they were unwilling. So the winter ended, and with it the sixteenth year of this war of which Thucydides wrote the history. VIII. The next year at the opening of spring the JJj^ Athenian envoys returned from Sicily, and with them the Egestaeans, bringing sixty talents l of uncoined silver as a month's pay for sixty ships, which they were to ask the Athenians to send. And the Athenians, calling an assembly and hearing from the Egestaeans and their own envoys other things that were enticing but not true, and that the money was ready in large quantity in the temples and in the treasury, voted to send to Sicily sixty ships, with
and Lamachus son of Xenophanes as generals with full powers, to aid the Egestaeans against the Selinuntians, and also to join in restoring Leontini, in case they should have any success in the war ; and further to settle all other matters in Sicily as they might deem best for the Athenians. But on
the
fifth day after this a meeting of the assembly was again held, to determine in what way the ships could be equipped most speedily, and in case the generals should need anything further for the
1
12,000, $67,360.
197
THUCYDIDES
4
rbv eKirXovv.
fievo?
real
fteftovXevcrOai,,
irpeirel
T779
dXXa
XifceXta?
fieydXov epyou,
efiovXero
kcl\
efyieaOai,
irapeXOcov
dirorpk^ai
irapyvei
roU
'AOrjvaioiq ToidBe.
fiev
IX. "*H
TJ79
r)/jLTepa<; r/Se
^vveXeyrj, icaQ* 6 ti
XPV
is
XixeXiav
ecrriv
avrov tovtov
en
xpfjvcu
crfceyjracrOai,
el
ical
afieivov
e/CTrefJLTreiv t<Z9
vavs, teal
firj
iroXe/iov
erepcov irepl ra> ifiavTov crwfiaTL 6ppa)Sa>, vofxl^oov 6fioico$ dyaObv iroXiryv elvai 09 av teal
/cal Trjs
tov aoo/xaros tl
Xiara yap av
6 tolovtos ical
ra
rrj<;
iroXecos 81
o/j,g)$
Be ovre iv T(p
rj
av 1 yiyvcoa/eco (SeXrLcrTa
3 epco.
tovs rpoirovs
*y> el
firj
row
vfierepov?
dcrdevrjs
av
fiov
\0709
rd re virdpxovra
fieXXovrcov rcivBvvevetv
1 A\Ai # fcv, with the MSS., Hucle adopts &\\' Retake and Madvig.
tv from
198
BOOK
expedition, to vote it for them. And Nicias, who had been elected to the command against his will, and thought the city had not come to a right decision, but that, with a slight and specious pretext, it was the conquest of all Sicily, a great undertaking, at
which they aimed, came forward with the purpose of averting this, and advised the Athenians as
follows
:
IX. "This assembly was convoked with reference to our armament, to consider in what way we should make the expedition to Sicily ; to me, however, it seems that we ought to consider yet again this very question, whether it is best to send the ships at all, and that we ought not, on such slight deliberation about matters of great importance, at the instigation of men of alien race, to undertake a war that does not concern us. And yet from such an enterprise I for my part get honour, and have less dread than others about my life, 1 although I consider that he is quite as good a citizen who takes some forethought for his
life
and property; for such an one would, for his sake, be most desirous that the affairs of the But nevertheless neither city should prosper. in the past have I, for the sake of being preferred in
own
my judgment, nor shall speak just as I deem best. Against tempers, indeed, like yours my words would be unavailing, if I should exhort you to preserve what you have already and not to hazard present possessions for things that are unseen and in the future ; that, however, neither is your haste timely,
honour, spoken contrary to
I
do so now, but
shall
He may have been suffering already from the kidney trouble of which he complained the next summer in his letter to the Athenians (vu. xv. 1).
1
199
THUCYDIDES
KaipCd (TTrevSere ovre pdBid earv /carao-^elv
copjjLTjaOe,
icfS a ravra BiBd^w. X. " <>7]fjU yap u/xa? 7ro\e/j,Lov$ ttoWovs evOdBe
koX oXeaOe
ri
t'cra)?
rd<;
airovBas
e'yeiv
/3e/3aiov
at
7]avya^,ovT^v fxev v/jlcjv (ovto) yap evOevBe re avBpes eirpa^av avra koX
etc
rcov
Bvvdfxei ra^elav
iroiijaovrai,
gvfJL/3aaL<z
t^
etc
0I9
irpcorov
zeal
rov
alaylovos
elal
S' 01
rj
r)plv
/car
iroWa rd
tt)v
ofioXoyiav
iSetjavTO, /cal
araror
teal
aW*
4 fiepois
rd^a
8'
dv
t<7&)?, el
Bl%a
tjficov ttjv
vvv cnrevSofiev, koX irdvv av ^vveirlQoivio fxerd %iK\iG)TO)v, ovs irpb ttoWcov dv irifiTJaavro vjj,5 /jLd)ov<;
yeveadai iv
ware XPV
dgiovv
i)v
acoirelv riva
avrd
/cal
KivBvvevew
e^o/jiev
/cal
a/>%/?9
a\\i]<:
el
opeyeaOai irplv
ye
ol
f3ej3aiQicrzi)fjLe0a,
Xa\tciSf]$
r)p.cov,
iwl
ptta]<;, erij
roaavra
Kal
d(j>ecrT(oTes
en a^ar/irelpovs
pcoTol elai
dWoi
rives
Kara
rd<;
*oo
BOOK
nor
is
I
VI.
ix.
3-x. 5
this
easy to attain what you are striving for, show. X. " I say, then, that you, leaving behind you many enemies here, are bent upon sailing there and bringing upon you here still other enemies. And you think perhaps that the treaty which has been made a treaty which indeed, as affords you some security long as you are quiet, will be a treaty in name (for so certain men here and among our enemies have managed these matters) ; but should you perchance suffer defeat with a considerable force, our foes will For the be quick to make their attack upon us. compact in the first place was concluded by them under compulsion through stress of misfortune and with less credit to them than to us and, besides, in the compact itself there are many disputed points. There are also some states which have not as yet accepted even this agreement, and these not the weakest ; on the contrary, some of them are at open war with us, while others again, merely because the
it
shall
Lacedaemonians still keep quiet, are themselves also kept in restraint by a truce renewable every ten But very probably, if they should find our days. power divided the very thing we are now so anxious to bring about they would eagerly join in an attack upon us along with the Siceliots, whose alliance they would heretofore have given
And so we must consider these to obtain. matters and resolve not to run into danger while the state is still amid the waves, and reach out after another empire before we have secured that which we have, seeing that the Chalcidians in Thrace, after so many years of revolt from us, are still unsubdued, while others at various points on
much
201
THUCYDIDES
evSoiaaTcos aKpocovTai.
r)fxel<;
Be 'EyeoTaiois
Br)
ovai %v fAfid'Xpis
v(f)'
(bv
B*
en
fieXXofiev dfivvecrdai.
XL
/ecu
" KaiTOi
cr^oifiev' tcov
S' el
dvoTjrov
toiovtov? levai
cov
KpaTrjcras re
fir)
Karao")(rjo-ei Tt? Kal fir) KaTopOcoaa<; fir) ev ra> 2 Kal irplv eiri^eiprjcrai earai. XtKeXtcoTai
fioi So/cover iv, a)?
ofioico
o civ
Beivol
r)fxiv
oirep ol '{Lyecrraioi
3 vvv fiev
K(f)o/3ovcriv.
yap
ovk
el/cbq
dp^rjv
eirl
dp^rjv
aTparevcrai'
co
yap av Tpoirco
Kal
ttjv
y
crcperepav
4 rjfids
av ol Kel EXXr)ve<; fiaXiaTa fiev eKireTrXrjyfjievoi elev, el fir) dcptKoifieOa, eweira Be Kal
B
el
ciXiyov
r?)?
8b%r)<i
BovTa)'
el
Be
Tdyicf av
202
BOOK
VI.
x. 5-X1.
But the mainland render us a dubious allegiance. we, it seems, must rush to bring aid to Egestaeans, being, forsooth, our allies, on the ground that they are wronged, while on those by whose revolt we ourselves have long been wronged we still delay to
inflict
punishment.
;
"And yet these, if once brought under control, we might also keep under control but the Siceliots, even if we should get the better of them, we should
XI.
find it hard to govern, far off as they are and formidable in numbers. But it is folly to go against men when victory will not bring control over them and failure will not leave matters in the same condition as before the attack was made. The Siceliots, moreover, it seems to me, at least as things now stand, would be even less dangerous to us if the Syracusans should acquire rule over them that prospect with which the Egestaeans especially try to terrify us. For now they might perhaps come against us singly out of regard for the Lacedae1 monians, but in the other case, it is not likely that an imperial city would make war against an imfor by whatsoever means they, in conperial city cert with the Peloponnesians, might despoil us of our sway, by the same means very likely would their own empire be pulled down by these same And as to us, the Hellenes there Peloponnesians. would be most in awe, first, if we should not come at all ; next, if after showing our power we should after a brief interval depart. For it is, as we all know, things that are farthest off and least allow a test of their reputation which excite wonder ; but
if
we should
1 i.e.
suffer a defeat,
203
THUCYDIDES
5
ev9dhe iirldoLVTo.
'AOrjvatoi, e?
/ecu
tovs
irpoiTOV TrepLyeyevrjaOai, fcaTCKppovyo-avTes i]hrj Kal 1 efyleaOe. %pr) Be fir) 7rpo? Ta? Ti^a?
T(ov
ivavTiwv
iiratpecrdaiy
dXXd tuq
Biavotas
KpaTTjcravTas Oapaelv, fir)8e AaKeBaijioviov<; dXXo tl rjyijaarrdai r) 8ia to ala^pov CKOirelv otgj
TpOTTCp Tl KCLl VVV, TJV BvVOJVTCll, CT(f)7)XaVT<;
r) fJLClS
to acjyeTepov airpeires ev OrjaovTCU, 6a (p kcu irepl irXeiaTov teal Bed irXeiaTOv Bo^av dpeTr}<; fieXe7 TWCTLV.
Tfjuv,
dXX*
oea>5 <pvXa^6fie$a.
fie/nvrjcrOai,
XPV Vpfc on
veoaaTi
ware Kal
Kal TavTa virep r)ficov BiKaiov evddBe dvaXovv, Kal fir) virep dvBpcov (frvydBcov tmvBc eTTiKOvpia? Beo/nevayv, oh to tc yjrevaraaOai KaXco?
rjvgrjcrOai'
XprjaifjLov,
avTovs
\6yov$ fiovov irapaayofievows, f) KaTopOaycravTa? ydpw fir) dj~iav elBevai. f) irTaiaavTas ttov tov<;
2 (fyCXovq
eX tc tj?
For tyhffOat of the MSS., after Schol. For twairoKiodat of the MSS., Reiske'a correctiou.
204
BOOK
VI.
xi.
4-X11. 2
despise us and join our enemies here in attacking And just this has been your experience, men us. of Athens, with regard to the Lacedaemonians and their allies because you have got the better of them
:
beyond your expectation in comparison with what you feared at first you despise them now and aim even at the conquest of Sicily. You have no right,
however, to be elated at the misfortunes of your opponents, but only when you have mastered their nor must you spirits should you feel confidence believe that the Lacedaemonians, on account of their humiliation, have anything else in view than to discover in what way they may even yet defeat us and retrieve their own dishonour the more so as they have been in the highest degree and for the longest time courting a reputation for valour. And so the issue before us, if we are prudent, is not the fate of the Egestaeans, a barbaric people in Sicily, but how we shall keep a sharp watch upon a state which is intriguing against us with the devices
;
of oligarchy. XII. "And we should remember that we have but lately recovered somewhat from a great pestilence and war, so as to recruit our strength both in money and in men and these resources it is but right to expend for ourselves here, and not for these fugitives that are begging our aid, whose interest it is to lie cleverly, and, at their neighbour's cost, supplying nothing but words themselves, either, in case of success, to show no proper gratitude, or, in the event of failure, to involve their friends in ruin. And if there be anyone here who, elated at being chosen to command, exhorts you to sail, considering especially as he is too
;
205
THUCYDIDES
cncoTT&v,
dp-^eiv,
aXXeo*;
07Tft)?
re
real
Bid Be iroXvTeXeiav
firiBe
apx^,
t%
7roXea)? zeivBvva)
IBla iWafnrpvveo-Oai, vofiiaare Be tovs tolovtovs tcl fiev Brjfiocria dBizcelv, ra Be IBia dvaXovv, zeal
to irpayfia fieya elvcu zeal fir) olov vewrepw l fSovXevo-aaOai re zeal ofjecos fiera^ecpicrai. XIII. "Ov? iyco 6pS)v vvv evOdBe tc5 avT& dvBpl
TTapcifee\evo~Tovs zeadrj/ievov? <pof3ovfj,cu, /eat T019
7rpeo~/3vTepoi<i avTiirapazceXevofiai fir) zeaTaio-%vv. Orjvai, L to) T^9 Trapa/cdOrjrai rcbvBe, oVo)? fir)
Bogei,
av
fir)
aTTOvrcov,
yvovras
2
on
iiriOvfiCa
fiev
eKd^iara
dXX* virep
zearopOovvrai,
irpovola Be
irXelara,
dvappL7TTOvo~r)<;,
avTix^pOTOveZv
/cal i!rr)<f>L%o~dai
vvv opois ^pwfievov^ J ov uefiiTToZs, rq> re \ovl<p zcoXttg), 717)0? r)fia$, Bid irapct yi)v r)v Tt? irXerj, zeal tG> ^izceXizco), zeal zcaO' ret avT&v avrov? vefiofievov? ireXdyovs,
rov<; fiev %izceXid)Ta$ olairep
2 fjvfMfrepeaOar to*9 Be 'HsyearaLois iBia elireZv, eireiBr) ctvev 'AOrjvaicov zeal gvvrj-frav irpbs 2e-
Xivovvtiovs to irpoiTOV TTokefiov, fiera o~<j)CQV avrcov zeal /earaXvecjOai' /cat to Xoirrbv %u fifid^pv^ fir)
iroielaOai, coenrep elwOafiev,
1
oh
zeazeeo? fiev
nrpd-
MSS.
Hude
veccripovs.
KaropBovvrai
MSS.
206
BOOK
young
VI.
xii.
2-xm.
to command only his own interest, how he get admiration for his raising of fine horses, and then, because that is very expensive, how he may also get some profit from his command, do not afford this man, at the cost of the state, opportunity to make a personal display, but rather consider that such men damage the public interest while they waste their own property, and that the matter is one of great seriousness, and not such as a youth and rashly take iu hand. may decide XIII. " It is of such youths, when I see them sitting here in answer to the appeal of this same man, that I am afraid ; and I make a counterappeal to the older men, if any of you sit by one of these, not to be shamed into fear lest he may seem to be a coward if he do not vote for war, and not, though that may be their feeling, to have a morbid craving for what is out of reach, knowing that few successes are won by greed, but very many by foresight ; on the contrary, on behalf of our country, which is now running the greatest risk it has ever run, hold up your hands in opposition and vote that the Siceliots, keeping the same boundaries with respect to us as at present boundaries no one can find fault with namely, the Ionian Sea, if one sail along the coast, and the Sicilian, if one shall enjoy their own possescross the open deep
may
and settle their own quarrels among themBut tell the Egestaeans in particular that, selves. as they went to war with the Selinuntians in the first place without the Athenians, so they must bring it to an end by themselves; and for the future let us not make allies, as we are wont to do, whom we must assist when they fare ill, but from whom
sions
207
THUCYDIDES
acriv afxyvovfieVy &)</>e\ia9
8'
avrol BerjOevres ov
XIV.
"
Kat
av,
a>
yeveadai rroXirr]^ dya86s, eV^T^ife teal yvcofxas Trporidei avOis 'Aflrjvaiois, vo/iiaa^, el oppcoBet^ rb l fiev Xveiv rovs vo/jlovs pur) puerd dvayjrr](j)icrai, rb rocrcovB' av jJLCLpTvpcov alriav a^elv, T779 Be 7ro\e&)? 2 larpbs av yeveaOai, /cal rb tcaXa><; /3ov\Vo-afievT)<; dp^ai rovr elvaiy 09 av rr)v irarpiBa wcpeXtfo-r) co?
rrXelara
r)
r
etccov
XV.
'
fiev
reov he
Adrjvalcov TTapiovres ol fiev irXelaroi arparevetv iraprjvovv /cal ra eyjrrj(f)Lafieva /jltj Xveiv, ol Be rives
2 ical dvreXeyov.
'
evfjye Be irpoOvpubrara rrjv arpareiav 'AX/ci/3idBr)<; 6 KXeiviov, ftovXopbevos tg3 re Nt/aa evavriovaOai, cov teal 9 ra aXXa Bidefropos ra iToXiri/cd teal ore avrov BiaftoXcos ifivijadrj, teal fxaXiarra arpartly r)a a i re eiriBvpiwv teal eXiri^eov
%iteeXlav re Bi* avrov teal Kapxv& va XrjyfreaOai teal ra iBia dfia evrv^rjaas ^prjiiaal re teal Botjj] &>v yap ev d^idifiaru vivo rcov daroov, GoefreXijaeiv. rats eiridvpLiai<; piet^oaiv r) teard rrjv virdpypvaav
ovalav ixprjro
re ras lirrrorpo^las
teal
ras
oirep teal teaOelXev varepov rr)v 4 roiv 'AOrjvaicov iroXiv ov% ijteiara. </>o/3?/#eWe9 yap ol iroXXol ro pueyeOos tt/9 re teard rb eavrov
aXXas Bairdvas'
acopa TrapavojAias 9
1
rr)v
Blairav
teal Tf/9
Biavoias
rb
/xev \6etv,
Hude
werden.
2
0ov\ev(rafx4yr)s,
inferior
Scholiast nanus
&ov\cv<ra/Acviis,
2G$
BOOK
we
shall
VI.
xiii.
2-xv. 4
get no help
when we
are ourselves
in
need.
"And do you, Mr. President, if you think to care for the state and you wish to duty your prove yourself a good citizen, bring these matters again to a vote and lay the question once more If you fear to put the issue to before the Athenians. vote again, reflect that it would involve no guilt to break the law in the presence of so many witnesses, but that you would thus become a physician for the and remember state when it has taken evil counsel
XIV.
it
;
that this
his
is
to benefit
country as
much
to
do
it
no harm."
XV. Thus Nicias spoke. Most of the Athenians that came forward advised the people to make the expedition and not to rescind the vote, while some
spoke against it. But most zealous in urging the expedition was Alcibiades son of Cleinias, wishing as he did to oppose Nicias, because, along with their
general
political disagreement, Nicias had made invidious reference to him, 1 and above all he was eager to be made general and hoped thereby to subdue both Sicily and Carthage, and in case of success to promote at the same time his private interests in wealth as well as in glory. For being
desires
held in high esteem by his townsmen, he indulged beyond his actual means, in keeping horses as well as in his other expenses. And it was precisely this sort of thing that most of all later For the masses, destroyed the Athenian state. afraid of the greatness of his lawless and sensual self-indulgence in his manner of living, as also of his
1
cf.
ch. xii. 2.
209
THUCYDIDES
dov KaO' ev fca<TTOV iv otg) ylyvoiro hirpaaaev, a>9 rvpavvlBo? iindv/jLOvvTi TroXifiioi KaOearaaav, /cat Brjfioata Kpartara BcaOevn rd tov noXifiov IBia
e/caaroi to??
zeal
iirtT'qhev^aaLv avrov
dyBeaOevTes
aWois
TT)V 7T0\lV.
T0T6
B'
iraprjvei ToidBe.
irpo<TTjKL
jjlol
Nt/aa? /caOij^aro), teal agios a/xa wv yap irepi eVi^o^To? eljM, rot? fiev TTpoybvois fiov teal ifiol Bogav (f>epei ravra, rrj ol yap "EWrjves Kal Be TTarpiBt, Kal oxfreXiav.
vofiL^co elvai.
rjficov ttjv
ttoXiv ivofiiaav
tw
ifiat
Biairpeirel t?}?
ra
eXiri^ovTes avrrjv KaTaTreTroXefirjo-flai, Bioti apfiaoaa ovBeis ttco IBicoTrjs irpofjbev eirra KaOfj/ca,
Kal
vo/jlw fiev
to,
rotavra,
i/c
Be tov Bpcojaevov
rfj
Kal oaa av iv
nroXei %oprjy[ai$
tj
dWtp tw
cfrvcrei,
aarol? (fyOovelrai
1 Probably 416 B.C. ; though Thirl wall assumes 424, Grote 420. 2 i.e. at the public festivals and especially at dramatic Choruses were provided by well-to-do publicexhibitions. spirited citizens, called Choregi, appointed to this duty by the state, these securing the choristers and their trainers
2IO
BOOK
designs as revealed in every single intrigue in which he was involved, became hostile to him on the ground that he was aiming at a tyranny; and, though publicly he managed the affairs of the war
most excellently, in his private life every man had been offended at his practices, and so entrusting the city to other hands after no long time they brought He now came forward and advised the it to ruin. Athenians as follows XVI. "It belongs to me more than to others, Athenians, to have command for I must needs begin with this, since Nicias has attacked me and I think, too, that I am worthy to command. For those things for which I am railed at bring glory to my ancestors and myself, as well as advantage to my For the Hellenes, who had previously country. hoped that our state had been exhausted by the war, conceived an idea of its greatness that even
:
power by reason of the magsacred deputy at Olympia, 1 because I entered seven chariots, a number that no private citizen had ever entered before, and won the first prize and the second and the fourth, and provided everything else in a style worthy of my victory. For by general custom such things do indeed mean honour, and from what is done men also infer power.
its
transcended
nificence of
actual
my display as
And
city,
again, although whatever display I made in the 2 by providing choruses or in any other way,
naturally causes jealousy among my townsmen, yet in the eyes of strangers this too gives an impression of
and defraying
training.
all their
211
THUCYDIDES
/cal ovk fyaiverai. axprjaro? rjB' r) av re\eo~i purj eavrbv ptovov, IBtois o? Tot? avoia,
avrrj
l<j%v<;
dXXa
/cal
ovBi ye aBi/cov
icj)
eavrw pueya (ppovovvra pur) i'aov elvai, eirel /cal 6 /ca/co)<; irpdaawv tt/jo? ovBeva rrjs %vpL<f)opa<; laoo\V wairep Bvarv^ovvres ov irpoaayopioipel' psvofieOa, ev tw opuoifp Ti? dveykaQcd /cal viro rwv evirpayovvrcov vTrepfypovovpuevos, rj ra %o~a vificov Ta 6/JLoca dvra^iovrco. olBa Be rov<; roiovrovs, /cal oaoi ev rivos XapLTrporrjn rrpoecyov, ev puev tw
/car avroix; j3i<p \v7rrjpovs ovras, rot? 6p,oioL<$ p,ev pudXiara, eireira Be koX roc? aXXois gvvovras, roiv
Be eireira dvOpooircov irpoairoirjcrlv re %vyyevela<; rial koX pur) ovaav /caraXiirovra^, koX ??? av axri irarpiBos, ravrrj avxrl a tv > c!>? ov irepl dXXorpicov ovB' apLapTovrcov, dXX* a>? irepl acperepcov re /cal <av eyoo dpeyopuevo*; /cal Bid 6 /caXa irpa^dvrcov.
'
ravra ra
et
IBia iirifiocbpLevos
ra
BrjpLoaia cr/coirelre
rov yeipov pbera^eLpl^aj. UeXoirovvijaov yap ra Bvvaroarara ^vcrrrjaaf; avev pieydXov vpuv
/ca\
/civBvvov
Bairdvrjs
Aa/ceBaipioviovs
e?
p,Lav
rjfiepav /carearrjaa ev Mavriveia irepl rwv dirdvrcov dyayviaaaOar cf ov /cal irepiyevopievoi rj}
fiaxy ovBeirco /cal vvv fiefiaicos Oapaovaiv. XVII. M Kal ravra r) epurj veorrjt; /cal avoia irapa (pvaiv Bo/covcra eivai e? rrjv XleXoirovvrjaiMV Bvvap.iv Xoyois re irpeirovaiv a}pLiXr)o- /cal opyj)
ft 2
BOOK
strength.
And
that
no useless
folly,
when
man by
his private expenditures benefits not himNor is it unfair, either, self only but also his state.
that one who has a high opinion of himself should refuse to be on an equality with others, since he who fares ill finds no one to be an equal
participator in his evil plight. just as in misfortune we receive
;
On
the contrary,
no greetings, in like manner let a man submit even though despised by those who prosper or else, let him mete out equal measure to all, and then claim the like in turn. I know, however, that men of this stamp, and all others who have in any way stood out as illustrious, are indeed in their own lifetime an offence, most of all to their equals, then also to others, while still among them, but that they leave behind to those who come after the claiming of kinship even where there is none and, whatever their fatherland, to it they leave exultant pride in them, as men who are not aliens or offenders, but who are their own and have done well. And such being my ambition and these the grounds on which I am decried in my private life, look at my public acts and see whether I execute them worse
;
than another. I brought together the greatest 1 powers of the Peloponnesus without great danger to you or expense and forced the Lacedaemonians to
stake
2 and in upon a single day at Mantinea of in victorious the field, this, though consequence
all
even yet they have not firm confidence. XVII. "Thus did my youthfulness and my seemingly abnormal folly cope with the power of the Peloponnesians in fitting words and with a spirit that
1
cf. v.
xlvi., Hi.
213
THUCYDIDES
iriariv irapaa^ofiivrj eireuje'
ftr)(rde avrrjv,
kcu vvv
re
firj
ire<^6-
aXX*
ea>9 eyco
en
avTrjs Kal 6
2
elvai, airoyjpr)zeal
aaade
rfj
e/carepov
firj
wtyeXlq.
tov e?
ttjv
^itceklav nfkovv
fieTayiyvcoaKeTe a>9 7rl pueydXrjv Svvafjiiv icrofievov. o%\oi<; re yap %vfi/jLeifCTOL<; iroXvavBpovo-vv at 7roXei<; Kal pqBLa? eypwi t&v
ttoXitwv l ras fiTa/3o\a<; Kal eiriBo^d^' Kal ovBels Be avrb cu? irepl oliceias TrarpiSo? ovre ra irepl to
aw/na oVXot? e^rjprvTai ovre to, ev ttj yozpq povi2 tcaTaaicevaZ*;, 6 ti Be efcaaros ?} i/c tov fiois
Xeycov ireldeiv oXerai
Xaficbv aXXrjv ytfv,
4 eroLfid^eTaL.
fjurj
rj
GTavid^wv
eltcb?
a-rro
tov koivov
xaropdcoaa^;, oiKTJaeiv,
ravra
o/jllXov
Kal ovk
yvcofirj
tov toiovtov
e'9
ovre Xoyov
Koivcbs
read* fjBovrjv
fjuioi
aKpoacrdai ovre
8'
ra epya
rpeireaOar
ra)(v
av
co9
eicaaTOi, el ti
5 el
Kal
firjv
ov&
eKeivois
oaonrep KOfiirovPTai,
ovre oi aXXoL 'EXXr)ve<; Bie<f>dvr]o-av too~ovtol oVre? oaovs Kao~TOi o-(f>d<; avTOvs ypiOfiovv, dXXa fieG
yiarov Brj avrov? eyfreva/jbevrj r) 'EX\a? p,oXi$ ev iwBe tw iro\efi<p tVai>co9 oDTrXiadrj. ra re ovv eKel ef oiv eyoa aKofj alcrOdvofiai roiavra Kal ere eviroWith E, the rest of the MSS. iroXtreiwy. Hade adopts vo^i/xots, Dukas' conjecture, which is oh ported by the Schol., who explains vo^d^ois by
1
suprais
yo/jaCofj.4iais,
Uavhv
Kal
/col
ySfxifioy
tfropa rov
214
BOOK
it,
And now be not afraid of but while I am still in the flower of youth, and Nicias has the reputation of good luck, make the And as to the most of the services of us both. voyage to Sicily, do not change your minds on the ground that you are going against a formidable power. For it is only with a mixed rabble that the cities there l are populous, and changes and accesAnd sions in the body of their citizens 2 are easy. for this reason no one is equipped, as he would be in behalf of his own country, either with arms for personal protection or with permanent improvements but whatever each for the cultivation of his land one thinks he can obtain from the common stock by persuasive oratory or by sedition, in the expectation that if he fails he will settle in some other land, this he provides himself with. And it is not likely that a rabble of this kind would either listen to counsel with one mind or turn to action with a common purpose ; but quickly, if anything were said to please them, 8 they would each for himself come over to our side, especially if they are in a state of revolution as we hear. Further, as regards hoplites neither have they as many as they boast nor have the rest of the Hellenes proved to have such numbers as they each reckon on the contrary, Hellas has been very greatly deceived in its estimates of hoplites and in this war has with difficulty been adequately equipped with them. Such, then, is the situation in Sicily, to judge from what I learn by report, and it is likely to be
;
Referring to Syracuse and its dependencies. Or, reading iroXireiwy, "changes in old forms of govern-
215
THUCYDIDES
1 yap ttoXXovs e%opev pcorepa earai (ftapftdpovs o'l pitrei clvtols), koX ^vveirt6r)aovTai ^vpaKoaiwv tcl ivddSe ov/c eirt/coiXvaei, rjv {/pels dpOoos ftovXevoi jap Trarepes rjpcov rovs avrovs tovtovs 7 7]aOe. ovcrirep vvv (fiacre iroXepiovs viroXiTrovTas av rjpas irXelv /cal irpoaeri tov hlrjBov e-^Opov e^ovTe^ ttjv
dpxv v
8
iro)
etcrrjcravTO, ov/c
paXXov YieXoirovv^cnoi e? rjpa? iyivovro, ei re /cal irdvv eppwvrai, to pev e? ttjv yrjv rjpcov eafidXXeiv, icclv pi] e/drXevacopev, l/cavou elert, tw he vavTUcw ov/c av hvvaivTO fiXdirTeiv vitoXoiitov
i)
avTol
7rpo? tou9
pevoi pur} {3o7]6olp,ev ; tjvvwpoarapev, eirapvveiv /cat pr) dvTiTiftevai otl ov yap Tva hevpo clvt i$or\6 coo~i ovhe ifceivoL rjplv. irpoaedepeOa avTOvs, dXX* wa toIs i/cel eyfipols rjpcov Xvirrjpol ovres hevpo kcoXvcdctiv avTOvs eV2 tevai. ttjv T dpyrjv ovtcds e/CTrjadpeQa /cat rjpels
>
]
aXXot
rjpljav,
r)
to?? alel
eirel, ec
rj
/3ap/3dpoi<;
ye rjcrvyd^oipev irdvTe^ 7) qbvXo/cpivoLpLev 0I9 xpewv ftorjOelv, (Spa^y av ti irpoa/CTcopevoi avTfj irepl avTrj? av TavTrjs paXXov /civSvvevoipev. tov yap ivpovyovTa ov povov emiovTa Tt? dpvveTai, dXXci teal 07ra)9 prj 3 eireiai tt po/caTaXap/3dvei.
1
re of the
TrdvTf?,
2
1
MSS. after $ap$dpovs bracketed by Haacke. Hude emends the MSS. reading to irdvTws.
Sttojs
Transposing m^
of the
216
BOOK
still
VI. xvn.
6-xvm.
more easy to deal with for we shall have many barbarians, who from hatred of the Syracusans will join us in attacking them ; and matters here will be
no actual hindrance, if you are rightly advised. For our fathers had as enemies these same men whom, as they say, you would be leaving behind if you should sail thither, and the Persian besides as a foe,
yet acquired their empire without being strong in anything else than in the superiority of their fleet. As for the present, never were the Peloponnesians more hopeless against us ; and let them be never so and that confident, they can invade us only by land they can do even if we do not make this expedition but with their fleet they cannot hurt us, for we have in reserve a fleet that is a match for them. XVIII. "On what reasonable plea, then, can we hold back ourselves, or make excuse to our allies there for refusing to aid them ? We ought to assist
them, especially as we have actually sworn to do so, and may not object that they did not help us, either. For we took them into our alliance, not that they might bring aid here, but in order that by annoying our enemies there they might hinder them from
way that others that by coming zealously to the aid of those, whether barbarians or Hellenes, who have at any time appealed to us; whereas, if we should all keep quiet or draw distinctions of race as to whom we ought to assist, we should add but little to our empire and should rather run a risk of losing that empire itself. For against a superior one does not merely defend oneself when he attacks, but even takes precaution that he shall not attack at all.
us.
both we and
It
was
in this
all
VOL.
III.
217
THUCYDIDES
3 /cal
ovk
eo~Tiv rjfilv
dp%eiv,
<ttcl/ji,V,
aXka
dvtevai,
Bid to dp%6f}vai av v<$ eripcov auTOtc kivBvvov Kal ovk etc elvai, el firj avTol aXkcov dp^oifiev.
tov avrov eiriaKeirTeov vplv to?? aWois to rjcrv^ov, el /jLt) /ecu rd eTnT^hevfiara e? to ofiolov /jLeraki]yjreo-Oe.
"
irovvr)al(ov re
aropeawfiev to
(ppovrj/ia, el Bo^o/iev
irapovTi qav%Cav Kal eirl r ^itceXiav irXevaai, Kal dfia r) rfjs EWd8os, toov creel irpoayevojjievwv, irdar)^ tw cikoti dp^cofiev, r)
hirepiSovre? rr)v ev
/ca/cdoacofiev
t&
5 oi ^v/xfia^oi oocpeXrjcrofieOa,
irape-
govaiv
/cal ^vpuiravToov
6 XiKeXicoTcav.
fir) vfid? r) Ni/ciov tcov Xoycov Kal 8idaTao~i<; to? veoa e? tou? dirpayfioavvrj
7Tpeo~/3vTpov<; diroTpey^rr),
tg>
he
elwQmi
/cal
Koafico,
&o~irep
/cal oi
iraTepes
fjficov
1 The other Hellenic states, it would seem, were preaching the doctrine of non-interference or self-determination ; Athens, according to Alcibiades, cannot accept this doctrine
2lS
BOOK
And it is not possible for us to exercise a careful stewardship of the limits we would set to our empire; but, since we are placed in this position, it is necessary to plot against some and not let go our hold upon others, because there is a danger of coming ourselves under the empire of others, should we not And you ourselves hold empire over other peoples. cannot regard a pacific policy in the same light as other states might, unless you will change your practices also to correspond with theirs. 1 " Calculating, then, that we shall rather strengthen our power here if we go over there, let us make the voyage, that we may lay low the haughty spirit of the
Peloponnesians, as
;
we
shall if
we
let
men
see that in
2 contempt of our present peaceful condition we even sail against Sicily and that we may, at the same
time, either acquire empire over all Hellas, as in all probability we shall, when the Hellenes there have been added to us, or may at least cripple the Syracusans, whereby both ourselves and our allies will be benefited. And as to safety both to remain, if things go well, and to come away our ships will provide that ; for we shall be masters of the sea even
And let not the against all the Siceliots combined. policy of inaction that Nicias proposes, or his putting the younger at variance with the older men, divert you from your purpose; but in our usual good order, just as our fathers, young men taking counsel with older men, raised our power to its present height, do you now also in the same way strive to
without accepting the consequences and relinquishing her
empire.
2
Which was
in reality an
ten days.
219
THUCYDIDES
(rare veorrjra fiev Kal yfjpas dvev aXXrjXwv firjBev Bvvaadai, 6fiov Be to re (pavXov Kal rb fieaov Kal
ro irdvv vLKpifies av %vyKpa6ev fiaXiar av lo~xveiv, Kal Tt)v ttoKiv, av fiev V" V X^V Tpu\jreaOal re avrrjv irepl avrrjv t^airep Kal dXXo ri, Kal 7rdvrcov
rr)v eino-Ti)fJL'qv eyyr)pdaea6aL y dycovi^ofievr)v Be alel Trpoo-X^yjreaOai re rrjv efiireipiav Kal rb cl/jlv-
veaBai ov Xoyqy
a\V
epyw pdXXov
fir)
tjvinjBes egeiv.
dirpdy/iova rdfieraffoXf)
X io"^ & v
pot
BoKetv
aTTpay/jLOo-vvr)^
Kal reov dvB pdnrwv dacpaXearara TOUTOf? oIkciv 01 av rols irapovaiv r)deai Kal vofiois, i)v Kal yeipas rj, rjKiara Biacpopws iroXiBia(f)0apr}vat,,
revcoo-iv."
XIX. Toiavra Be 6 'AXKiftidBrjs elirev. ol 6 'AOrjvatoi aKovaavres eKeivov re Kal rwv 'E-ye(rraicov Kal Aeovrtvoyv cpvydBcov, o'c irapeXdovres iBeovro re Kal rwv opKicov virofiifivrjaKovre^ iKerevov ftorjQrjaai c^iai, iroXXa) fidXXov r) nrporepov &p2 firjvro arpareveiv. Kal o Nj/aa? yvoi><; on dirb fiev rwv avTwv Xoycov ovk av en dirorpeyfreie, irapao~Kvr}<;
rd^ av
XX.
"'YLireiBrj
Trdvrm
'
6pa> vfids,
&>
A6r)valoi,
arpareveiv, gvveveyKOi fiev ravra a>9 fSov\6fie9a, eirl Be tg) irapovri a ytyvcoaKco arjfiavco. 2 eVt yap 7ro\e*?, a>? iyco aKofj aladdvopat, fieXXoovO vtttjkoovs dXXrjXcov fiev levai fieyaXas Kal ovBe Beofieva? fieraftoXr)s, rj av K fiiaiov tk BovGopfirjfievow;
Xeta?
rr)v
ao~fivo<; e? paco fierdaraaiv vapour), ovr av dpyr)V ttjv r)fierepav etVoT&>? avr eXevOepias
220
BOOK
advance the state. And consider that youth and age without one another avail nothing, but that the simple, the mediocre, and the very subtle tempered together will have most strength and that the state, if she remain at peace, will, like anything else, wear herself out upon herself, and her skill in all pursuits will grow old whereas, if she is continually at conflict, she will always be adding to her experience, and will acquire more, not in word but in deed, the
;
;
In short,
declare that a
accustomed to activity would very quickly be ruined by a change to inactivity; and that those men live most securely whose political action is least at variance with existing habits and institutions, even when these are not the best."
which
is
XIX. Thus Alcibiades spoke. After hearing him and the Egestaeans and some Leontine exiles, who coming forward, besought them and implored them for succour, reminding them of their oaths, the Athenians were far more eager for the expedition than And Nicias, seeing that he could no longer before. deter them with the same arguments, but thinking that by the magnitude of the armament, if he insisted upon a large one, he might possibly change their minds, came forward and spoke as follows: XX. "Since I see, men of Athens, that you are wholly bent upon the expedition, I pray that these
may turn out as we wish for the present junchowever, I will show what my judgment is. The cities we are about to attack are, as I learn by report, large, and neither subject to one another nor in need of any such change as a person might be happy to accept in order to escape from enforced servitude to an easier condition, nor likely to accept our rule in
matters
ture,
;
221
THUCYDIDES
irpoaBe^aixeva^, to t
3
7rXr)6o<$,
&>?
ev pua
vrjo~(p,
iroWas t?
'JLXXrjvlBas.
irXr)v
Kardpr)?, a 9 eXTri^w r)p2v Kara to Aeovrivcov %vyyeves irpotjeaeaOai, aXXai elalv eirrdy koX irapeatcevaafiivcu tols iraatv 6/jLoioTp67ro)<i pdXtara rfj
r)fiTepa Bwdfiei, kcu ov% rj/cio-ra eVt a? fiaXXov 4 irXeofiev, ^eXivovs /ecu Xvpd/covaai. ttoXXoI p,ev yap oirXlrat eveiai kcu ro^orac /cal d/covriarai,
iroXXal Be rpirfpeis /ecu 0^X09 6 TrXrjpcoacov avrds. Xptffiard r exovai, ra p,ev iBia, ra Be zeal ev Tot?
iepols
ear 1 ^eXivovvTiow
1 /3ap/3dp(ov nvodv air ap%?}9 (peperai. <& Be fidXio-ra TJfJLWV TTpOVyOVdlVy liriTOV^ T 7T0XX0V<; KeKTT]VTai
kcu
oiKelw kcu ovk eVa/cTft) %p(OPTai. IIpo? ovv Toiavrrjv Bvva/uuv ov vavkoX tiktjs (f)avXov arpancts jxovov Bei, dXXa kcu iroXvv ire^bv ^v/jLirXetv, elirep /3ovXo/jLe0a agiov rr)<;
XXI. "
<iiT(p
adac
Buxvouas Bpav koX pur) vtto liriTecov iroXXcov eipyerfjs yrjs, aXXcos re koX el ^varcbaiv al ir6Xei<;
<f>oj3r)deLaai
koX
pr)
avTHrapdaxcoaiv
r)puv (f>iXoi
Tives yevopuevov dXXot, rj ^yearaloi a* dfivvovfieOa 2 Ittttlkov ala^pov Be /3iaa0evTa$ direXOelv rj vare-
pov
7nfi6Ta7re/uL7recrdai,
\evo~ap,evov<$.
avroOev Be
TrapacrKevf) af*o^oe&)
t?}9
einevaiy yvovras
1
on
iroXv re diro
rjfierepas
Air' apxvs <peperat, the reading of G (adopted by some of the best editors), for aTrapxvs (peperat ABCEFM, knapxh
4ff(p4p(rai vulg.
2 Understanding SeT from van Herwerden and Madvig.
1,
222
BOOK
place of liberty ; and the number is large, for a single island, of cities of Hellenic origin. For except Naxos and Catana, which I expect will side with us
on account of their kinship to the Leontines, there are seven others; 1 and these are equipped with
everything in a style very like to our own armament, least those against which our expedition is more immediately directed, Selinus and Syracuse. For they can supply many hoplites, archers and javelin-men, and possess many triremes and a multitude of men to man them. They have wealth, too, partly in private possession and partly in the temples at Selinus and to the Syracusans tribute has come in from time immemorial from certain barbarians also but their chief advantage over us is in the fact that they have many horses, and use grain that is homegrown and not imported. XXI. " To cope with such a power we need not only a naval armament of such insignificant size, but also that a large force for use on land should accompany the expedition, if we would accomplish anything worthy of our design and not be shut out from the land by their numerous cavalry especially if the cities become terrified and stand together, and some of the others, besides Egesta, do not become our friends and supply us cavalry with which to defend ourselves against that of the enemy. And it would be shameful to be forced to return home, or later to send for fresh supplies, because we had made our plans at first without due consideration. So we must start from home with an adequate armament, realizing that we are about to sail, not only far from our
and not
Camarina
223
THUCYDIDES
avTcov p,eXXopuev ttXclv real ovk ev tco ojxolw arpa1 el toi<; rfjBe v7rt]K00L<i f revaofxevoi koX vpLpLa^oc
rfxOeTe eirl Tiva, 06 ev paoiai al KO/iiSal
<f)i\la<;
etc
tt)?
cov
7TpO(ri$t,
2
dXXa
e?
dXXoTpiav iraaav
aTrapTTjaavre^,
yeip,epivcov
ef
17?
/jltjvcov
XXII.
Xprjvai
"'OttXitcis
17/xa?
ayeiv
avrcov
KaX tcov
kcl\ tjv
t)
riva k IleXo-
irelaaL
piaOco Trpocraya-
yeaOai,
kcli
ro^ora? ttoXXovs
TO
07TO)9 7T/90?
T KaX TToXv 7TpL6LVaL, Ivd KCXl TCL 7TLTr)$La paOV icTKOpLlXcOjJLedcty TOV Be Kdl a\)ToQeV CTLTOV V 6\KacrL,
Trvpovs KaX Treifipvyfievas KpLOds, dyeiv koX ctltottolovs 6K rcov puvXcovcov irphs jJbepos r)vayKaa fievov?
epLpLiadovs,
Xva,
r
rfv
17
rrov
virb
tcl
dirXoias
diroXapL-
f3avcofi0a,
e^y
cTpaTLa,
eirLTrjSeLa (ttoXXt)
yap
enX T6pOL<; yiyvecrOai, pLaXicrTa Be ')(P llJLaTa clvtoOev a>9 rrXelcTTa e"^eLV. tcl Be Trap 'EyeaTaLcov, a XeyeTau eKel eTolpLa, vopuiaaTe KaX Xoyco av
eXOcopbev evdevBe
p,r)
dvTLTraXov p,6vov rrapaa Kevaadp,evoi, rrXrjv ye 777309 to pudyLpov avTcov to ottXltlkov, dXXa KaX vnrep1
Ka\
h of the
JV1SS.,
with Classen.
rov AirapT7j0VTj,
&7rapTTj<ravTes,
aireXQ6rrts),
224
BOOK
own
land, but also on a campaign that will be carried on under no such conditions as if you had gone against an enemy as allies of your subject-states over here, where it would be easy to get whatever further supplies you needed from the friendly territory nay, you will have removed into an utterly alien land, from which during the winter it is not easy for a messenger to come even in four months. XXII. "And so it seems to me that we ought to take hoplites in large numbers, both of our own and of our allies, and from our subjects, as well as any from the Peloponnesus that we can attract by pay or persuade many bowmen, and also slingers, in order that they may withstand the cavalry of the enemy. And in ships we must have a decided superiority, in order that we may bring in our supplies more easily. And we must also take with us in merchantmen the grain in our stores here, wheat and parched barley, together with bakers requisitioned for pay from the mills in proportion to their size, in order that, if perchance we be detained by stress of weather, the army may have supplies. For the force will be large, and it will not be every city that can receive it. And all other things so far as possible we must get ready for ourselves, and not come to be at the mercy of the Siceliots but we must especially have from here as much money as possible for as to that of the Egestaeans, which is reported to be ready there, you may assume that it is indeed chiefly by report that it will ever be ready. XXIII. "For if we go from here provided with an equipment of our own that is not only equal to theirs except indeed as regards their fighting troops of heavy-armed men but that even surpasses it in all
;
225
THUCYDIDES
2
fidWovres rols Traai, /jl6\l$ ovrcos oloL re eaofieda r&v fxev Kparelv, ra Be teal Biaaaxrai. ttoXlv re
vopiaai %p?) ev aWo<fiv\oi<; Kal iroXepiioL^ oIkl-
ovvras
3
jj
av
Karaayjaaiv evOvs KpcneZv 7-779 7779 77 elBevai on, rjv atydWwvrai, irdvra rro\ep,ia e^ovcriv. orrep
eyu> <po/3ov/j,evo<; Kal elBoa? iroWd puev rjpias Biov ev f3ov\evaaa0ai, en Be irXelay evTvxfjaai, a ^ e7rop
Be avOpGoirovs ovras,
on ekd^iara
etcirXelv,
rfj
rvxjj 7ra P a
rrapaaKevf)
Be
1 ravra yap rfj re rcov elfcorcov dacfraXr)?. iroXei Kal tj/juv rol<; /3e/3aiorara r)yovp,ai ^vpLirdar)
el
Be ra>
aWco?
elire,
Botcel,
XXIV. O
f
fiev
NiKLas roaavra
vop,l%wv
r)
el
i^rjpeOyaav
virb
rov
pudXXov coppL7)vro real rovvavriov rrepiicrrrj avray ev re yap irapaivea-ai eBotje Kal dacfidXeia vvv Br) Kal ttoXXt) Kal e/)a>9 eveiTeae roc? rrdaiv 6/j.olox; eaeaBai.
eKwXevaai, rots
(TTpetyofievoi*;
puev
a>9
r)
Kara-
iKirhevaai
of
the
MSS.,
after
aacpaK-ns,
deleted
by
Kriiger.
226
BOOK
Sicily or
fact, as
respects, scarcely even so shall we be able to conquer indeed to preserve our own army. It is, in
you must believe, a city that we are going amid alien and hostile peoples, and it behooves men in such an enterprise to be at once,
forth to found
on the very day they land, masters of the soil, or know that, if they fail in this, everything will be hostile to them. Fearing, then, this very result, and knowing that to succeed we must have been wise in planning to a large extent, but to a a difficult still larger extent must have good fortune I wish, when I set sail, thing, as we are but men to have committed myself as little as possible to fortune, but so far as preparation is concerned to be, in all human probability, safe. For these precautions I regard as not only surest for the whole state but also as safeguards for us who are to go on the But if it seem otherwise to anyone, I expedition. yield the command to him." XXIV. So much Nicias said, thinking that he would deter the Athenians by the multitude of his requirements, or, if he should be forced to make the expedition, he would in this way set out most safely. They, however, were not diverted from their eagerness for the voyage by reason of the burdensomeness of the equipment, but were far more bent upon it; and the result was just the opposite of what he had
at least to
expected for it seemed to them that he had given good advice, and that now certainly there would be abundant security. And upon all alike there fell an eager desire to sail upon the elders, from a belief that they would either subdue the places they were sailing against, or that at any rate a great force could suffer no disaster ; upon those in the flower of their
;
227
THUCYDIDES
0-77?
TToOrp
o^/reft)9 fcal
ptta6o(f)Opav virdp^etv.
apa
/cat
ptrj
Tjpecrice,
BeBtoos
777
ptrj
avriyeipo-TOv&v
XXV. Kal
teal
TTapaKaXeaas rbv NtKi'av ovk ecf)rj ^pr)vat dXX* ivavrtov TTpocfraaL^eo-Oai, ovBe BiapteXXetv,
diravrcov
rjBrj
2 ^AOrjvaloL yfrrj^to-ayvraL.
r)Gvyiav ptdXXov
t]Bt]
(avrcov
av
BoKOioriy
aXXas
vaicov Kal
t&v
eXdaaoaiv,
rjv Be
Be dXXrjv TrapaaKevrjv a)? Kara Xoyov Kal rotjorcov twv avroOev Kal eK K/n/T??? Kal acf)evBovr]Ta)v Kal 7)v 71 aXXo TTpenrov Boktj elvat erotp-aadptevot ct^etv. XXVI. AKOvaavres 8' 01 'AOrjvatot eyjrrj^taavro
'
'
evOvs avTOKpajopas elvat Kal irepl arpancts itXtjOovs Kal irepl rov Travrbs ttXov tou? o-rparrjyov^
1
ti
S'
inserts
wv after 'AdTqvalwv, on
Kriiger's suggestion.
228
BOOK
age, through a longing for far-off sights and scenes, in good hopes as they were of a safe return and upon
who the great multitude that is, the soldiers 1 hoped not only to get money for the present, but also to acquire additional dominion which would always be an inexhaustible source of pay. And so, on account of the exceeding eagerness of the majority, even if anyone was not satisfied, he held his peace, in the fear that if he voted in opposition he might seem to be disloyal to the state. XXV. Finally a certain Athenian came forward and, calling upon Nicias, said he ought not to be making excuses and causing delays, but should say at once before them all what force the Athenians should vote him. He then, though reluctantly, said that he would prefer to deliberate with his colleagues more at their leisure so far, however, as he could see at present, they must sail with not fewer than one hundred triremes there would also have to be as many transports as should be determined upon, furnished by the Athenians themselves and others they must call upon their allies to supply and with hoplites, both of the Athenians and their allies, in all not fewer than five thousand, and more if possible and the rest of the armament which they must get ready and take with them must be in proportion
;
both
Taking sr par iwrt] s as predicate or, "the great multitude and the soldiery were hoping to get money for the present,"
etc.
229
THUCYDIDES
rrpdacreiv
2 ot?.
rj
av avroU
eirepLTrov
B*
\6yov<;
dpn
ttoXis
kaVT7]V dlTO T?}? V0CT0V KOI TOV i^VVeXOVS 7T0\ifJb0V 6? re rjXiKLa? irXrjOos eiriyeyevrj/jbevr]^ Kal e? xprjfid-
iav > wcttg paov irdvra rcov dBpoicnv Bid rrfv 6Kex ei p' ev ol Kal jxev irapaaKevfj rjaav. irropi^ero.
XXVII.
ev rfj rroXei
'Ei/ Be rovrcp,ocroL
'
rfj
AOrjvaicov
(elcrl
l
piov
r)
2 irepieKoirrjaav
ovBeis,
ra
rrpoo-corra.
rjBei [xeydXois fj,rjvvrpoi<; Brjfj,oaia ovroi re e^r/rovvro Kal irpocreri e^rjcplaavro, Kal
dXXa
aXXo ri olBev do~e$r\p,a yeyevrjfievov, /xrjvveLv dBecb? rbv /3ov\6fievov Kal dcrrcov Kal %evcov Kal 3 BovXcov. Kal to irpaypua puet^ovcos iXdjuftavov rov
el rt?
re yap ckttXov oleovbs eBoKet elvai, Kal eVl vvcofxoaia d\xa vecorepcov rrpaypidrcov Kal Bt]p,ov Kara-
Xvaeco? yeyevrjadat,. XXVIII. p,rjvverai ovv dirb jxeToiKoav re rivcov Kal aKoXovOcov irepl fiev rcov
'Epficov ovBev, aXXcov Be dyaXp,drcov rrepiKoiral rives vporepov virb vecorepcov fierd iracBids Kal
dpa
cos iroiel-
cov Kal rov 'A\Ki/3idBr)V Tai ev oiKiais ecp' vftpei' 2 irrrjrLcovro. Kal avrd v7roXap,/3dvovr<; ol pLaXicrra
1
tj
Schol.
Patm.
230
BOOK
and to the whole expedition, to act in whatever way might seem to them best for Athens. After and they sent this the preparation was begun Now notice to their allies and made levies at home. the city had just recovered from the plague and from the continuous war, both in point of the multitude of young men who had grown up and of the money that had accumulated in consequence of the truce, so that everything was provided more easily. So the Athenians were engaged in preparation. XXVII. But in the meantime the stone statues of Hermes in the city of Athens they are the pillars of square construction which according to local custom stand in great numbers both in the doorways of private houses and in sacred places nearly all had No one their faces mutilated on the same night. knew the perpetrators, but great rewards were publicly offered for their detection and it was voted,
;
knew
of any other profanation that had been done, whoever would might fearlessly give information. The matter was taken very seriously for it seemed to be ominous for the expedition and to have been done withal in furtherance of a conspiracy with a view to a revolution and the overthrow of the democracy. XXVIII. Accordingly, information was given by certain metics and serving-men, not indeed about the statues of Hermes, but to the effect that before this there had been certain mutilations of other statues perpetrated by younger men in drunken sport, and also that the mysteries were being performed in private houses in mockery and Alcibiades, among others, was implicated in the charges. They
; ;
231
THUCYDIDES
J
tco
vop'i-
avTov e^eXdaeiav,
irpcoTOL
av elvac, epeyd-
Xvvov
ovBev
rd re
{iVGTi/cd teal
etrj
XXIX. 'O
id
fiijvv-
erolfio^ rjv irplv eterrXelv fxara aTreXoyetTo rt el tovtcov elpyaap,evo<z rjv {tjBt] yap tepivecrBai,
teal
rd
rr}<;
tovtcov tl elpyao~TO, Blktjv Bovvai, el S' diroXvOeirj, 2 dpyeiv. teal iirepuapTvpeTO pur) dirovTOS irepl avTOv
rjBr)
dtroKTeiveiv, el
aWia^y
Trplv
Biayvcocri,
oi IV e^Opol BeBiOTes to ToaovTfp cTTpaTevpuaTi. t cTTpdrevpa pA] evvovv eyy, rjv rjBrf aycovi^rjTaL, 6 T Br}p,o<; pur) paXa/el^rjTaL, Oepairevcov oti Bi
eteeivov ol
t 'Apyeloi ^vvecrTpaTevov
teal tcov
Mav-
Tivecov Tives, direTpeirov teal direcriTevBov, aXXovs p>]Topas ivievTe? ot eXeyov vvv p,ev wXelv avTov
teal
p.*}
tcaTaaryelv
tt)V
dvaycoyijv,
eXOovTa Be
ite puel-
lxv.
2)
cf.
Plut.
Alcib. 19.
232
BOOK
as
were taken up by those who were most jealous of him J an obstacle in the way of their secure preeminence among the people and these men, thinking that if they could get rid of him they would have first place, magnified the matter and shouted that both the mockery of the mysteries and the mutilation of the Hermae had been committed with a view to the overthrow of the democracy, and that there was none of these things but had been done in collusion with
;
him, citing as further proofs other instances of his undemocratic lawlessness of conduct. XXIX. He defended himself at the time against the informers' charges, and was ready before sailing for already the preparations had been completed to be tried on the question of his having done any of these things, and if he had been guilty of any of them to pay the penalty, but demanded that if he were And he acquitted he should keep his command. protested that they should not accept slanderous charges against him in his absence, but should put him to death at once if he were guilty, and that it was wiser not to send him at the head of so great an army, under such an imputation, until they had decided the question. But his enemies, fearing that the army might be favourable to him if he were brought to trial at once and that the populace might be lenient, inasmuch as it favoured him because it was through his influence that the Argives and some of the Mantineans were taking part in the campaign, were eager to postpone the trial, suborning other orators who insisted that he should sail now and not delay the departure of the expedition, but that he should come back and be tried at an appointed time. Their purpose was to have a more slanderous charge
233
THUCYDIDES
ovo<;
Biaf3oXf}<;, r/v
iropielv,
fieTaTrefJUTTTOV
kcl\
uaadai.
XXX.
dvaywyr) eyiyvero e?
oXfcdai
teal
twv
/iev
ovv
tcu?
(Tiraycoyots
aXXrj Trapaafcevr)
^VV6L7TTO TTpOTCpOV Cp7]TO ? KepKUpdV %vXXeyeaOai, &>? e/ceWev aOpoois iirl d/cpav ^\airvyiav rbv 'loviov BiapaXovaiv* avrol 5' 'AdrjvacoL teal el rives t<ov %v fi/jLa'Xcov iraprjcrav 6? rbv TLeipaia
(carapavTes iv
eirX^povv Ta?
^vyxare^rj Be teal 6
aXXos
row
fiev
acperepovs
avrwv
e/caaroi
7rp07re/x7rovTs,
ol
gvyyeveis, ol Be vlets, ical fier lovres zeal oXocpvp/xwv, rd fjuev &>? KrtfcroiVTO, rovs
B*
et
oaov irXovv
etc
real ev tg>
irapovn
/eaip<p,
e/xeXXov fierd kivBvvcqv dXXyXovs diroXnrelv, /xaXXov avrovs eorjei rd Beivd rj ore
ft)?
t]Btj
eyjrr](j)L^ovTO
irXelv
Ofxcos Be rfj
irapovarj
poo/jurj
1
Bid
to TrXrjOos e/ed(TT(ov &v eoopcov rfj otyet, dveOdpaovv. ol Be evoi koX 6 aXXo<s 6%Xo<; /card Oeav kcu aTnarov Bidvoiav. rj/cev a>? eVl dfyoxpetov
1
ry
ttyej,
Hude
inserts
iv.
2 34
BOOK
absence
in his
should
XXX. After that, when it was already midsummer, Orders had been the departure for Sicily was made. given beforehand for most of the allies, as well as for the provision-ships and smaller boats and all the rest of the armament that went with them, to assemble at Corcyra, with the intention that from there they should all cross the Ionian Gulf to the promontory of But the Athenians themselves lapygia in one body. and the allies that were present went down to the Peiraeus at dawn on a day appointed and proceeded to man the ships for the purpose of putting to sea. And with them went down also all the general throng, everyone, we may almost say, that was in the city, both citizens and strangers, the natives to send off each their own, whether friends or kinsmen or sons, going at once in hope and with lamentations hope that they would make conquests in Sicily, lamentations that they might never see their friends again, considering how long was the voyage from their own land on which they were being sent.
And at this crisis, when under impending dangers they were now about to take leave of one another, the risks came home to them more than when they were voting for the expedition ; but still their courage revived at the sight of their present strength because of the abundance of everything they saw before their The strangers on the other hand and the rest eyes. of the multitude had come for a spectacle, in the feeling that the enterprise was noteworthy and surpassing belief.
235
THUCYDIDES
irpoyrrj ckIJapaaKevrj yap avrrj 77 2 /ua? iroXectx; Bvvdfiei 'EXXrjviKr) TroXvreXeo-TaTr) Br) teal evirpeir eGTaTt] twv e? 2 etcetvov rbv ypovov eyevero. dpiOfxw Be vecov Kal ottXitwv Kal r) e? ^JLirlBavpov fiera Uepi/cXeovs Kal r) avrr) e? UorelBaiav fiera, "Ayvcovos ov/c eXdaacov r)v rerpaKis yap ^tAtoj 6tt\lrai avrcov 'Adrjvaicov Kal TpiaKoaioi iTrirris Kal rpirjpei^ eKarbv Kal Aeafilcov Kal Xtcov irevrrjKovra Kal ^vfi/jba^OL en ttoXXoI %vveirXevaav 3 dXXa eiri re /3paxec irXa> (hp/nrjdrjaav Kal irapa(TKevf) (pavXrj, outo? Be 6 cttoXos go? %p6vLo<; re iaofxevo^ Kal Kar djjbfyorepa, ov av Bey, Kal vaval Kal 7refco a/jua e^aprvOeis, to fxev vavTiKov fieydXat? Baivdvais rwv re Tpir\pdpy(wv Kal t% iroXews eKTrovvjOev, rov juuev Brjfjboaiov Bpaxi^rjv tt}? r)fxepa^ tco vavrrj eKacrrcp BiBovros Kal ravs Trapao-ypvros Keva? e^rjKovra /nev Ta^eta?, reaaapaKOvra Be OTrXiraycoyov? Kal VTnipeauas Tavrais Ta? Kpari-
XXXI.
TrXevaaaa
crTa?,
roiv
Be
r&
eK
Brj/bbocTLOv
irpbs
vlraL<;
tosv
6paKal
GMfia (TKevoiV
1
fjueydXr)
crirovBf)
777)0?
dXXrjXovs
2
8
4
added by Dobree.
rah
Haacke.
virripeolais
is
by the
Scholiast.
236
BOOK
XXXI. For
this
first
armament that
sailed for
Sicily was the costliest and most splendid, belonging to a single city and with a purely Hellenic force,
that had ever up to that time set sail. In number of ships, however, and of hoplites the expedition against Epidaurus under Pericles, and the same one afterwards under Hagnon against Potidaea, was not inferior ; for in that voyage four thousand Athenian
hoplites and three hundred knights and one hundred triremes had participated, and from Lesbos and Chios fifty triremes, and allied troops besides in large numBut they had set off for a short voyage with bers.
whereas this expedition, as one be of long duration, was fitted out for both kinds of service, according as there might be need of either, with ships and also with land-forces. The fleet was built up at great expense on the part both of the trierarchs and of the city the state giving a drachma per day for each sailor and furnishing sixty l empty warships and forty transports, with crews to man them of the very best; the trierarchs giving bounties to the thranitae 2 or uppermost bench of the sailors in addition to the pay from the state, and
a poor
equipment
likely to
figure-heads and equipments that were very expensive for each one strove to the utmost that his own ship should excel all others both in fine appearance and in swiftness of sailing. The land-forces were picked out of the best lists, and there was keen rivalry among the men in the
using, besides,
;
i.e.
empty
furnish.
was to
2
In the trireme there were three ranks of oars the thranites rowed with the longest oars ; the z}'gites occupied the middle row; the thalamites the lowest row, using the shortest oars and drawing least pay.
237
THUCYDIDES
4 dfiiXXrjOev.
epiv yeveadat,,
puaXXov
elica-
iirl TroXefiiov?
irapaaKevrjv.
yap
tj?
iXoyiaaro
Kal
tcov
Tr)v
re t?)?
arparevore
r}8r)
rr)V
ihiav,
t?}?
Cb
/jlV
TroXecos
oVa
7TpOVTT\6KL
Kal
S*
et/eo? r)v
Kal dvev
tivcl
irapaaKevd-
aaaOai
oaa
crTpaTicQTr)<;
rj
e/jL7ropo<;
rr)<;
e^cov
eirXei, iroXXa,
6
av rdXavra
r/vpedrj K
iroXecos
ra iravra
T0X/Z77?
fioijTos
itjayofieva.
re Od/jufiei Kal
XafnrporrjTi irepi77-00?
rj8rj
eyivero
rj
arparia^
/jLeyiaros
fJLylaTT)
01)9
iiryaav
virepftoXf},
T7??
Kal
on
BtdirXovs diro
tcov
OLKLa$
7T/0O?
Kal
iffl
iXiriSi
peX-
Xovtcov
rd virdpxovra
iirexstp^Orj.
XXXII.
^ea6ai,
rfj
^FtireiSrj
rj8rj
iaeKeiTO iravra
fiev
oaa
%ovt<;
aicoirrj
e/xeXXov
dvd-
adXinyyt,
birea^ynivOi),
BOOK
matter of arms and personal equipment. And so it came about that among themselves there was emulation, wherever each was assigned to duty, and the whole thing seemed more like a display of wealth and power before the rest of the Hellenes than an undertaking against enemies. For if one had reckoned the public expenditure on the part of the state and the
private outlay of those who the part of the city, both
made the
what
it
generals,
vanced and what it was sending in and on the part of private individuals whatever a man had expended on his own person or, if trierarch, on his ship, and what they were going to spend still, and, besides, the money we may suppose that everyone, even apart from the pay he received from the state, provided for himself as travelling expenses, counting upon an expedition of long duration, and all the articles for barter and sale merchant or soldier took with him on the voyage it would have been found that many talents in all were taken from the city. And the fame of the armament was noised abroad, not less because of amazement at its boldness and the splendour of the spectacle than on account of its overwhelming force as compared with those whom they were going against and also because it was the longest voyage from home as yet attempted and undertaken with the highest hopes for the future as compared with their present
resources.
XXXII. When the ships had been manned and everything had at last been put aboard which they were to take with them on the voyage, the trumpeter proclaimed silence, and they offered the prayers that were customary before putting out to sea, not
39
THUCYDIDES
/car a
vavv e/cdaTrjv, ^vpuiravre^ Be virb Ki)pvieo<; eiroiovvTO, /cparfjpds re /cepdcravTes irap dirav to arpdrevpia /cal i /circa paai %pvcro2s re /cal dpyv/cal
pols oi re iTTiftdrcu
ol
ap^opre? airevBovTes.
2 ^uv67rrjv^ovro Be real 6 aXXos opiXo? 6 e/c rf}<; yfjs T<av re ttoXitmv /cal el T? aXXos evvovs iraprjv
crtyicjiv.
TraiavLaavTes
dvijyovro,
/cal ol
airovBds
ovvto.
teal
/cepcos
to
irpcorov
e/cirXevo-avres
dpaXXav
pev
pexP
Atyti/175 eiroi-
to
r)ireiyovTO d(j)L/ceaOai.
3
*E9 Be Ta? ^vpa/covaas rjyyeXXeTO puev iroXXayodev to, 7Tpl rod eiTLTrXov, ov puevToi emo-revero
iirl
i/c/cXrjalas
eXe^dqaav
TOiV
pev TTiarevovrcov rd
arparelas
tt}?
'AOrjvatcov, T(bv Be rd evavria XeyovTcov, /cal f 'EppLO/cpaTrjs 6 'Eipp,covo<; irapeXOonv avrois a>?
t&v
da(/)6j9
/cal
iraprjvei roidBe.
XXXIII.
""A7rio-Ta puev iacos, oienrep /cal aXXoi rov eniTrXov t/)<? dXrjOeia^ yiyva)o~/ca) on ol rd //,?) rnard Bo/cuvvra
rj
cnrayyeXXovres ov p.bvov ov
d(f)pove<;
e r7ricrxv
~
dXXd
/cal
Bo/covaiv
(0
elvar
opcos Be ov /caTacfroftridels
rr)<;
7roX,ea)9,
rreidoov
ye epavrbv
'AOrjvaloi
KivBvvevovar]^ aacfrearepov ri
eft vp,d<i t
2 erepov elBco*;
Xeyeiv.
yap
240
BOOK
ship by ship but all together, led by a herald, the manners as well as the officers throughout the
silver
whole army making libations with golden and cups from wine they had mixed. And the rest of the throng of people on the shore, both the citizens and all others present who wished the Athenians well, also joined in the prayers. And when they had sung the paean and had finished the
libations, they put off, and sailing out at first in single column they then raced as far as Aegina. The Athenian fleet, then, was pressing on to reach Corey ra, where the rest of the armament of the allies was assembling. But meanwhile reports of the expedition were coming to Syracuse from many quarters, but were not believed at all for a long time. Nay, even when an assembly was held speeches to the following effect l were made on the part of others, some crediting the reports about the expedition of the Athenians, others contradicting them, and Hermo-
crates son of
tion
that he
Hermon came forward, in the convicknew the truth of the matter, and
:
spoke, exhorting
I
to you that what and certain others say about the reality of the expedition against us is incredible, and I am aware
that those who either make or repeat statements that seem not credible not only do not carry conviction but are also regarded as foolish ; but nevertheless I will not be frightened into holding my tongue when the state is in danger, persuaded as I am that I speak with more certain knowledge than my
opponents.
'
For
it
is
much
241
i.e.
like those of
THUCYDIDES
irdvv davfid%T, ttoXXj) arparia topfirjvTai feed pavTi/cr} Kai Trefyfcf), irpbfyaaiv fiev 'EyetrTaucov
^vfjbjjba^ia zeal
ZitceXias
eiriOvfiia,
fidXiara
Be
t?}<?
r)fieTepas
teal
7ro\ft)9, rjyovfievoi, el
raXXa
enro
rdxei
orqy
7rapecrofievcov,
Spare
fir)T tcaTatppovrjaavres air i<JTr)(j awes tov fnjre acfiap/crtu XrjcpOrjcrecrOe 4 %v/nravTO<; djieXrjaeTe. el Be ra> koX iricrrd, rrjv
tcov
rpoira)
/cdXXio~Ta
roXfiav avrcov
teal Bvvafitv fir) eKirXayf). oure yap fiXaTrreiv 97/xa? 7r\ebo) oloi r etrovrai r) irdayeLv, ovQ* otl fieydXw aroXw eirepypvTai, dvuapeXe*;} dXXa 7T/90? re tou? aXXov<; ^L/ceXicoTas ttoXv
dfieivov
i)fuv
(fiaXXov yap
iOeXrjtrovtriv
e/C7rXayevTes
avToi)<z
dirpd/CTOVs
&v
dpa
yap
5
Br) fir)
Tvywcri ye
Br)
icdXXiGTov
epycov
^vfiftrjaerai,
Ka\
ovtc
dveXiriarov efiotye.
rj
*EXXi)vcop
r)
oXiyoi
yap
Br)
dirdpavTes /carcopOcocrav.
evoiKOvvrcov
real
yap
ev aXXorpia yfj acpaXcoat, rot? eiriftovXevdeicriv ovojia, kclv irep\ acpLcrip aurot? tcl
eiTiTr)Bei(i)V
1
which Hude
142
BOOK
as
Athenians have use on land as well as on the sea, on the pretext of an alliance with the Egestaeans and the restoration of the Leontines, but in truth with a covetous desire for Sicily, and above all for our city, thinking that once in possession of it they would easily get possession of the rest also. With the certainty, then, that they will soon be here, consider in what way with your present resources you can best ward them off, and may neither by despising them be caught off your guard nor through incredulity neglect the whole matter. If, however, anyone does find my words credible, let him not be dismayed at their daring and power. For neither will they be able to inflict more injury upon us than they will suffer, nor is it without advantage for us that they are coming with a great armament on the contrary, it is far better so as regards the rest of the Siceliots, for in their consternation they will be more inclined to join our alliance and if in the end we either overpower them or drive them off baffled in their designs for I certainly have no fear as to their attaining the success they anticipate it will prove the most glorious of achievements for us, and one which I at least do not despair of. For few great armaments, whether of Hellenes or of barbarians, when sent far from their own land, have been successful. The reason is that they are not, in the first place, superior in numbers to the people
at
you wonder
a
that
the
large
armament
for
against
go and the neighbours of these always brings about union; and if, in the second place, they fail on account of lack of supplies in a foreign land, they leave a proud name to those whom they plotted against, even though their failure
for fear
whom they
243
THUCYDIDES
6 irXeiw
irraicrcodiv,
o/jlcos
KanrakeiTrovaiv.
oirep
Kal *Kdj]valoL l avrol ovtoi, tov MrjBov irapd Xoyov TroXXa acfraXevTOs, eVt ra> ovofiari &>? eirl ^Kdrjva^
rjei 7]v^?]0rj<jav,
Kal
r)fxtv
tov
i;v/JL/3r)vai.
XXXIV.
tol? fiev
"
GKva^(i)fie6a
/naXXov
,
fieftaicocrco/jLeOa, rot?
Be tyiXlav
e<?
Kal
%vfLfJLa )(iav
iretpco/jieOa
Te ttjv
aXXrjv XiKeXuav
t9
rj
2 'Adrjvaiovs.
^v/xfia^iBa irotco/xeOa rj/ntv rj /nr) Be^covrat Bokcl Be pot, Kal e? Kap)7)S6va dfxetov yap dveKiriGTov avrois, vov eivai irep^ai. aU' alel Bid cfroftov elal /jlij irore 'AOrjvatot, avrols
eirl
eXOwaiv, ware rd% av iaco<; vofiirdBe Trporjaovrai, Kal av er<et? iv irovw eivai, eOeXiqaeiav rj/juiv tjtol Kpv<j)a ye rj fyavepm tov rpoirov apuvvai. Bvvarol Be elai rj ef evos ye
rrjv ttoXiv
cravT<s> el
fidXiara twv vvv, ftovXrjdevTes' xpvaov yap Kal dpyvpov irXelarov KeKTrjvrai, oQev 6 re TroXe/ios Kal raXXa eviropel. ireixirco/iev Be Kal e? rr)v
AaKeBal/jLova
Kara Ta^os
4 o
(BorjOelv
iravres,
1
el
Be
on
irXelaroL
fieO
rj/xcov,
'AflTjraioi,
Hude
deletes with
Badham.
244
BOOK
for
be due chiefly to themselves. These very Athenians, example, when the Persians contrary to expectation signally failed, grew great on the repute that it was Athens they went against so in our case a like issue is not beyond hope. XXXIV. "With confidence, then, let us make our preparations here, but also send envoys to the Sicels, to confirm the allegiance of some and to endeavour to make friendship and alliance with others and let us despatch envoys to the rest of Sicily, to show that the danger is a common one, and to Italy, that we may either secure their alliance for ourselves or else prevent their receiving the Athenians. And to me For the it seems best to send also to Carthage. Carthaginians are not without expectation, or rather they are always in fear, that some time the Athen;
;
may come against their city ; and so they will probably feel that if they shall leave things here to their fate, they may be in trouble themselves, and therefore will be inclined to assist us, secretly perhaps, or openly, or by some means or other. And they, of all men of the present day, are the most able to do for they have an abundance of gold so, if they will
ians
;
by which war and everything else is And let us send also to Lacedaemon expedited. and to Corinth, begging them to bring aid here with all speed, and to stir up the war over there. And now the measure which I think would be most opportune, but which you on account of your habitual love of ease would be least likely to adopt If we promptly, shall nevertheless be proposed
and
silver,
Siceliots
all
together,
many
as will join us
or,
in
default
245
THUCYDIDES
Ka6e\Kv<ravT6<; airav to virdpypv vavTi/cbv fiTa Svocv purjvolv Tpo(f>rj<; diravTrjo~ai 'AOrjvaiois ?
Tdpavra
6
/cal
r) tov i/ceivovs Trepacaydrjvai rbv 'loviov, av avrovs e/criXrj%aip.ev /cal e? Xoyi.o-p.bv fiaXiar
KaTaa-TTjaaifiev
on
6pp.cop.e6a
fiev
i/c
cpiXlas
(pvXa/ceq (vTroSexerai yap r)p,a<; Ta/ja?), to Be nreXayos clvtols 7to\v irepaiovaOai jxeTa, irdcrrj^
X^pas
tt)$ nrapao-tcevrjs,
Ta^ei
6 T /cal /car
oXiyov
u poairiirTOvaa.
xptjcraLVTO,
el 8*
av ra
av
TaxwavTOVVTi dOpocoTepco
Xoiev, el p.ev
/ce/cpbrj/cocriv, el
/covcpLcravTes irpoaftdeTri.doip.ed'
/ccbirais
he
p.rj
rjp.lv
e?
TdpavTa*
ol Be p.T
iirl
vavp,a)(La irepaicoOevres
r)
ovB*
rj
8iaf3ov\ev-
0-ap.evov? /cal /caTaa/coTTals %/>G>/Aewu? ottoctoi t ecrp.lv /cal ev co ywp l( ?> e^coaOrjvai av t7j copa e?
1
irtpl rrjs
2u<e\las,
irepl
tjj
2j/ca/o
of the
MSS.
1 The Athenians would naturally expect to cross from Corcyra to Tarentum, then follow the coast to Messene. By
246
BOOK
available naval force
and with two months' provisions go to meet the Athenians at Tarentum and the promontory of Iapygia, and make plain to them that the contest will not be first for Sicily, but before that for their passage across the Ionian Sea, we should mightily astound them and force them to reflect that we have as our base a friendly country from which to keep watch and ward for Tarentum whereas for them the open is ready to receive us sea is a wide one to cross with all their armament, 1 and it is difficult on account of the length of the voyage to keep in formation consequently, coming up slowly and few at a time, they would be at the mercy of our attack. But if on the other hand they should lighten their ships and attack with the
swift-sailing part of their fleet in a more compact body, then, in case they used their oars, we should
upon them when weary with rowing or if it seem wise to attack them, we could retire to Tarentum again. They, however, having crossed
set
;
did not
with slender supplies in the prospect of a naval engagement, would be in distress in uninhabited
regions, and either would remain and be blockaded, or trying to sail along the coast would leave behind
as to the
the rest of their equipment, and, having no certainty temper of the cities, whether they would receive them or not, would be discouraged. And so I for my part am of opinion that, deterred by
consideration, they would not even put out Corcyra, but either, after taking time for deliberation and spying out how many we are and in what position, would be driven into winter-quarters
this
from
making Tarentum their base the Siceliots would force the Athenians to cross the open sea a hazardous undertaking.
247
THUCYDIDES
yeipowa, r) KCLTCLTrXcvyevTas tco dBoKrjTco fcaraXvcrai av tov ttXovv, aXXct)? re koX tov e/xTreipoTOLTOv
tcov
ctt paTrjycov,
<w?
iyco
dfCOVCO,
a/covros
rjyov/jLSVov
et
/cal
aafxevov
y
av
irpocpacnv
XaftovTOS,
7
ri
S'
ayyeXXolfieOa
S'
dv6 pcoircov
teal
it
irpb^;
to,
Xeyofieva
tca\
al yvco/jiai
r)
idTavTaiy
tovs TrpoeTTiyeipovvTas
tch<?
eirep^ovTai yap tj/jliv C09 ov/c afivvovfjuevois, Bacaicos KaTeyvcoicoTes otl ai>TOi/s ov
fieTa AaKeBaifiovicov icpOetpofiev el 8' iBoiev
yvco/nrjv
it apex
ToXfjLrjaavTas,
r)
tco
dhotcrjTtp
/naXXov av
Trj
curb
ovv,
/jltj,
fidXccrTa fiev
otl
TayjLCJTa
TavTa
toX/jltj-
Be
TaXXa
e?
tov
to
eToipd^eiVy tca\
irapao~Tr)vai
iravrl
fiev /caTacppovelv tov? iiriovTas ev tcov epycov ttj Bei/cvvcrOai, to cV r/S?? tcl<; jjueTa cpofiov dX/cr}
irapao~Kevd<$
dcr^aXeaTaTa^ vopLiaavTas
a>9
eirl
%Vfi/3))vai.
otl
oaov
ovirco Ttdpeioiv.
248
BOOK
by the lateness of the season, or in dismay at the unexpected turn of events would abandon the expedition, especially as the most experienced of their
generals takes
command,
as
and would gladly seize upon an excuse to abandon it if any considerable opposition on our part were
And reports of our strength would, I convinced, be exaggerated ; the opinions of men are apt to veer according to what they are told and those who are first to attack, or those at any rate who in advance make it clear to the aggressors that they will defend themselves, inspire the greater fear in the foe, who thinks them And precisely this would equal to the emergency. be the effect at this time upon the Athenians. For they are coming against us in the belief that we shall not defend ourselves, rightly contemning us because we did not join the Lacedaemonians in the effort to destroy them. But if they should see us unexpectedly displaying courage, they would be more
observed.
am
dismayed by
this
unlooked
for
resistance than by
our real power. "Be persuaded, then, as best of all to take this bold step, but if not that, to make all other preparations for the war with all speed ; and let it come home to everyone that contempt of invaders is shown 1 by valour in actual conflict, but that at this present that time, realizing preparations made with fear are safest, it would prove most advantageous so to act as though in imminent danger. For the Athenians are surely coming against us ; they are, I am quite certain, already under sail, and all but here."
1
Or,
"by an
energetic defence.
"
VOL.
III.
2 49
THUCYDIDES
XXXV. Kgu o
fiV Rp/jLO/cpdrr)*;
roaavra
eltrev.
tg>v Be Xvpateocricov 6 77/^09 ev troXXfj 777309 dXXrjXovs epiBi tjgclv, oi fiev G09 ovBevl av rpoirw eXOoiev oi 'AOrjvaloi ovB' dXr)6r) Igtiv a XeyeTai,
oi Be, el teal eXOoiev, tl
ovte
av
puel^ov
b"
KaTacfipovovvTes
yeXcoTa erpeirov to
irpay/jLa.
teal
oXiyov
r)v
rb
iTLGTevov
t&
'Eip/AOKpaTei
2 <f>o{3ov/JLVOv to pbiXXov.
TrapeXdojv B* avTol? 'AOrjre 09 Brjfiov vayopas, TrpoGTaTi)^ rjv teal iv t& irapovTL TriOavdiTaTos tols iroXXoh, eXeye TOidBe. XXXVI. " Tou9 fiev 'AOrjvaiovs octtis pur) j3ovXeTai ovtcds teatecos (f>povr)aai teal v7ro)(eipiov<; r)pZv yeveaOac evOdBe eXOovTas, r) BetXos Igtiv rj tt) 7roXei ovte evvovq- tovs Be dyyeXXovTas to. TOtavTa teal TrepHpoftovs vfxa? iroiovvTa? tt}9 fiev ov Oavpid^a), t?}9 Be d^wec'ias, el firj toX/jlt)*;
evBrjXoL
tt)v
2 oXovTai
elvai.
oi
yap BeBioTe?
eteirXri^iv
IBia
tl
fiovXovTai
teal
ttoXiv
teaOiaTavai,
to o~cf)eTpov eirrfXvyd^odVTaL. vvv avTai ai ayyeXiau tovto BvvavTai, at 1 ovte airo TavTOfiaTOV, lie Be dvBpcov o'ltrep alel rdBe teivovai gvyteeivTai. v/xeh Be rjv ev ftovXevrjaOe, ovte ef &v ovtoi dyyeXXovai ateoirovvTes XoyielaOe tcl eiteoTa, dXX* eg oov av avOpcorroi Beivol teal ttoXX&v epsireipoi, a>cnrep AOrivalov? eyco
07Tft)9 tco teoivS) (j)6/3<p
'
4 d%ia),
vv)o~iov<$
/nrjiTco
ov yap avTOvs t/co9 IIe\o7roi/Bpdcreiav. re vTtoXiirovTas teal tov eteel troXe/xov /3e/3aLoo<; tcaTaXeXv/jLevovs eV aXXov iroXeeXdo~o~a)
fjiov
ovte
e/covTas
eXOetv,
eVel
eya>7e
ol
added by Classen,
a 50
BOOK
XXXV. Such was the speech of Hermocrates. But the Syracusan people were at great strife among themselves: some maintained that the Athenians would not come at all and that the reports were not true others asked, even if they did come, what could they do to them that they would not them;
others quite contemptuously still more turned the matter into ridicule. There were, however, a few who believed Hermocrates and feared
selves suffer
;
what was coming. But Athenagoras, who was a popular leader and at the present time most influential with the masses, came forward and addressed
them
wish
fall
as follows
XXXVI.
"
them to into our hands, is either a coward or not loyal to the state ; as to the men, however, who tell such stories and fill you with fear, I do not wonder at their audacity so much as at their simplicity, if they
As to the Athenians, whoever does not be so ill witted as to come here and
we do not see through them. For men who have some private grounds of fear wish to plunge the city into consternation, in order that in the common fear their own may be overshadowed. So now this is the meaning of these reports, which are not spontaneous, but have been concocted by men
fancy
who are always stirring up trouble here. But you, if you are well advised, will examine and form your estimate of what is probable, not from what these men report, but from what shrewd men of much experience, such as I deem the Athenians to be, would be likely to do. For it is not probable that they would leave the Peloponnesians behind them before they have yet brought the war there surely to an end, and voluntarily come here to prosecute
251
THUCYDIDES
ayairav olopai avroix; ore ov% yp<eh eV i/ceivovs epyopeda, 7roAet9 roaavrai, Kal ovt<o peydXai. XXXVII. " Et Be Br], cbairep Xeyovrat, eXdoiev,
LKavcorepav r)yovpai XiKeXiav TieXoirovvrjaov BiairoXepTJaac ootp Kara iravra apeivov ifjijprvTai, ttjv Be r)perepav ttoXlv clvtijv rrj<i vvv arpaTias,
(fraaiv, i-mov(T7)<;, teal el Bis roaavrrj eXOoi, r ttoXv Kpelacrco elvar 0Z9 7' eiriaTapbai ovO* i7nrov<; a,KoXov0i](TOPTa<; ovB* avroOev Tropio-Orjcropevovs el
fjLr)
W9
oXiyovs
tlvcl<;
yap to Kal avrals Tat? vaval Kov$ai<$ roaovTov ttXovv Bevpo Kop iaOr\vai), rrjv re aXX^v m apaa Kevrjv oar)v Bel eirl ttoXlv roarjvBe iropi(/meya
>,
2 aOr/vat,
ovk oXiyrjv ovoav. coare {irapa roaovrov yLyv(*)(TKu>) poXis av fxoi Bokovctiv, el ttoXlv erepav Toaavr^v oaai ^vpaKOvaau elaiv eXOotev e^ovTes
Kal opopoL oltcrjaavres top iroXepuov ttoioIvto, ovk av iravTVLiraaL 8iacf)0apr}vai, rj ttov ye Br) ev irdo-rj
iroXe/jLia XifceXta
re
etc
vewv
IBpvdevrt,
avay/caias Trapaa/cevrj*;, ovk eirl 7roXv virb TOiu to re gvpirav ovB* av rjperepcov luirewv e%i6vTe<;.
Kparfjaai avrovs
XXXVIII.
o'i
re 'AOrjvaioi yiyvdnc kovtcs ra a^erepa avrcbv ev olB' oil aco^ovai, Kal evOevBe avBpes ovre ovra ovre
iy<*>
ov vvv wpooTOv,
BOOK
another war quite as great; for I myself think that they are content that we do not come against them,
being so numerous and so powerful. XXXVII. " If, however, they should come, as it is reported, I think Sicily more competent to carry the war through than the Peloponnesus, inasmuch as it is better provided in all respects, and that our city by itself is much stronger than this army which now, as they say, is coming on aye, even if it should come in twice the number. For I know that neither horses will accompany them and from here also none will be provided, except a few from Egesta nor hoplites equal in number to ours, since they have to come on ships for it is a great thing to make the long voyage to Sicily even with their ships alone, And the rest of the equipment which lightly laden. must be provided against so large a city as ours is not
So much, then, do I differ in my judgment men that it seems to me, if they brought with them another city as large as Syracuse and settling here on our borders should wage the war, they would hardly fail to be utterly destroyed much
small.
from these
for it will be then, when all Sicily is hostile united and they are in a camp pitched just after landing from the ships and cannot venture far from their wretched tents and meagre supplies by reason of our cavalry. In short, I think they would not even get a foothold on the land ; so much do I judge our forces to be superior. XXXVIII. " But of these things, as I maintain, the Athenians are aware and they are, I am quite sure, taking care of their own interests, and men from here are fabricating stories neither true nor possible, men whom not now for the first time but always I have
less,
S3
THUCYDIDES
2
iitol
Xoyois ye roiolo-Be
rj
icai
en
tovtcov tcafcovpyorepois
epyous /3ov\ofJLVOV<;
KarairXrj^avTa^ to vfierepov TrXrjOos avrovs rr}<; 7roXe&)9 dp^etv. kcli BeBoi/ca fievroi fir] irore iroXXa
r)fiet<s Be kclkoi, Treipwvres ical /caropOaxrcoaLv' irp\v ev Tft) iraOelv Mfiev, irpo^vKd^aaOai re teal
3 alo~66fievoi
rj/jLwv
eire^eXOelv.
oXiydicis fiev
kcl\
irXeiova<;
rj
Be eaiiv ore icai irpb<$ avrrjv dvaipelrai, TvpavvLBas 4 BwaaTeias dBiKOVS. wv eyco ireipdaofiai, f)v ye
rjficov
ti irepi-
iBetv yeveaOai, vfids fiev tovs 7roXXov<; irelOoyv tou? Be 1 rd TOiavra firj^avo)fievov<; fcoXd^cov, fir]
dXXa
yap
teal oyv
e*)(9pov
dXXa
y
teal
t?)?
Biavoia? irpoafivveaOat, %pr], elnrep teal fir) wpoepvXadfiev6<; tv? ^poire'io-erai), rovs B av oXiyov<;
rd {lev eXeyx^v, rd Be (pvXdaawv, rd Be ical BiBdcfkwv fidXiara yap Bo/ccb av (xoi outoj? diro5
Tpeweiv
tt}?
Katcovpyias.
vecoTepoi; irorepov
dpyeiv
fir)
dXX* ovk. evvofiov. 6 Be v6fio<; ex rov BvvaaQai vfid<; fidXXov rj Bvvajievovs eTeOri
rjBrj;
drtfid^etv.
1
dXXa
Br) fir)
fierd
rwv
ttoXXcov
lo~o~
Hude follows Weil in bracketing 5e and changing ko\<Lfav to Ko\aeiv. 3 twv added by Hude as probably read by the Scholiast.
254
BOOK
known
and
still
to be wishing, either
more mischievous than these, or by overt acts, to frighten the mass of you and themselves dominate the city. And I fear, moreover, that some day, by dint of repeated attempts, they may actually
we are poor hands at taking precautions are at their mercy, and, if we have discovered their plots, at dealing conclusively with the Therefore it is on this very account that plotters. our city is seldom quiet, but is subject to frequent feuds and conflicts not so much with the enemy and sometimes to tyrannies and as with itself wicked oligarchies. But if you will only follow me, I will try to see to it that never in our time shall any of these things come to pass, persuading you who are the mass of the people, but chastising the men who devise such things, not only when they as it is difficult to come upon are caught in the act them but even for what they would but cannot do.
succeed
before
;
for
we
For an enemy one must forestall, not only in what he does, but even in his designs, since indeed a man who is not first to safeguard himself will be As to the oligarchs, on the other first to suffer.
I shall sometimes expose them, and sometimes watch them, but sometimes also I shall instruct them, for in this way I think I could best deter them from And now a question which I have often evil-doing. asked myself what do you want, you young men ? To hold office already ? But that is not lawful and the law was enacted in consequence of your incompetency, rather than to keep you from office when competent. Well, then, you do not want to be on an
hand,
*55
THUCYDIDES
vopelaOai; teal 7r&>9 hiicaiov touv avrovs p,rj tcov avrcbv d^iovaOai; XXXIX. " <$>r')(Ti t*? SrjfjLO/cpaTiav ovre ^vverbv ovt Xctov elvai, toi>9 8e e%ovra<; ra xprjpara teal
apyeiv apiara /3eXriov<;. iyco 8e cprjpii, irpcora pukv Brjpov ^vpurav GDVO/idaOai, bXiyapyiav he. p^epo*;, eireira cpvXateas puev apiarovs elvai ^pypbdrcov rovs irkovalovs, ftovXevcrai 8' av /3eXrio-Ta to 1)9 %vvetov<;, KpZvai S' avdteovcravTas apicfia tou? ttoXXoik;,
teal
Tavra 6/Wa>9
teal
Kara pep
2 ev SrjfjLOKparta Icropoipelv.
teal
8'
(h(f)-
^vpuiravT a vpucov ol re hvvdp,evoi teal ol dcpeXopLevrj e^et* veot irpodvpbovvrai, dSvvara ev pbeydXrj iroXei
feaTacr^elv.
tcltol,
dXXd
teal
co
irdvTcov d^vverco-
ol8a 'EXXtfvcov,
r)
teated cnrevhovTes,
pare, a\X'
tjtoi
pLaOovre? ye
puerayvbvres to
tijs
7roXeft)9 %vpiracri koivov av^ere, r)yr/crdp,evoi rouro pev av teal I'crov teal irXeov ol dyaOol vpcov ijTrep el S' aXXa to T/79 TroXecos ttXtjOo? 2
pberacr^eLv,
ftovXijaeade, teav rod iravrb^ tavhwevaai cTrep-qOtjvar teal tcov Toicovhe dyyeXicov &>9 Trpbs alada2 vopevov?
teal pur}
etriTpe^rovTa^ diraXXdyrjTe.
'
r)
yap
avrous
ep^ovrat
1 i.uad(<TTarol 4<rre, before 1) kZiKutrarot in the MSS., f) deleted by Dobree and Madvig. 2 vkrjdos, Hudo deletes, following ffirfp rb rrjs iroKews
Kriiger.
a 56
BOOK
VI.
xxxvm 5-xu
And how is it right that equality with the many ? the same folk should not be deemed worthy of the
same privileges
?
say that a democracy is neither wise nor equitable, and that those that have property are more competent to rule best. But I say, first, that democracy is a name for all, oligarchy for only a part next, that while the wealthy are the best guardians of property, the wise would be the best counsellors, and the many, after hearing matters and that these discussed, would be the best judges classes, whether severally or collectively, enjoy a like equality in a democracy. An oligarchy, on the other hand, gives the many a share of the dangers, but of the advantages it not merely claims the lion's share, but even takes and keeps all. And this is what the powerful among you and the young men are bent upon a thing impossible to attain in a great city. XL. " Still, even now, ye most senseless of all Hellenes that I know, if you do not see that your designs are wicked, or most criminal, if you know and yet dare to persist in them, even now, I say, either learn wisdom or repent of your folly and strive to advance the common interests of the state for the good of all, reflecting that the good among you would share this in equal or larger measure than the mass of the people, whereas if you have other aims you will run the risk of losing all. So have done with such reports, understanding that you are dealing with men who are aware of your designs and will not put up with them. For this city, even if the Athenians come, will ward them off in a manner worthy of herself; and we have generals who will
; ;
257
THUCYDIDES
a-KeyfrovTat
avrd.
OV/C
teal
el
p,rj
ti
7T/30?
avT&v dXr)6h
T<Z9
VfJLTpa<;
y
(TTLV, WO~7Tp
olo/Xai,
OX)
dyyeXias KaTairXayelora teal eXofievrj u/xa? dpyovTa? avdatperov BovXeiav eTTiftaXelTai, avrrj B e</>' auTr)? <TK07rov<ra tovs re Xoyow; acfS vficov go? epya ftouXofievovs tcpivei ica\ ri)V virdpyovaav eXevOepiav ov)(l etc tov dicovetv daipeQ))creTai> etc Be tov epyw (f>v\a(7(T0/j,evr) fjurj eitiTpeireiv Treipaaeiai
<T(>L,eiV.
t&v Be A0r)vay6pa<; elirev. avaaras dXXov fiev ovBeva en elaae irapeXOelv, avrbs Be irpb<; ra irapovra eXetje
Be
(TTparrjyctyv
XLI. ToiavTa
el?
2 rouiBe.
rivets
o~co<f)pov ovre Xeyeuv ovre tov? a/covovras airoBeaXXyXovs Be ra eaayyeXXopueva fiaXXov opav, 77730? yeaOaiy
"
ALaf3oXa<$ p,ev ov
e?
f)
%v[jLTTa(jci
ttoXl? fcaXcos
tou? einovTas irapaGtcevao-o/JLeOa a^vveadai. icai tjv dpa ixrjBev Berjar), ovBt/nia ftXdfa] tov re to KOLVOV KO(TfMrj0T]VaL KCtX ITTTTOIS KCll OTtA-OJ? KCtX TO?
j,
aXXoi? ol? 6 7roX-6/Lto? ayaXXerai (ttjv B* eTTifxeXeiav icai e^eracrvv aurcou ^fiel<; etjo/Aev) teal tcjv
re tcaraa/coirrjv 77700? tcl Be teal teal r\v Ti aXXo (fiaivrjTai eTTLTrjBeiov. 7nfjL/jLeXi]fxeda tjBvj real 6 ti av alcrdd)p,eOa e? vfia?
Ta? 7ro\ei5
BiaTrojjLTrcbv dfia e?
oiaofiev"
Xvpa/coacoL ToaavTa elirovTOs tov etc tov jfvXXoyov. aTpaTTjyov BieXvdijaav * XLII. 0*' kOrjvuloL rjBrf ev Tjj KepKvpa avTOL
Kal
ol
p.ei>
teal ol %vfi/jLaxoi
diravTes rjcrav
teal
jrpcoTov
S8
BOOK
look
And if none of these think they are not the state will not, through terror at your reports and by choosing you as rulers, place on her neck, of her own choice, the yoke of slavery, but looking at the matter for herself she will pass judgment on your words as if they were deeds and will not by listening to such reports be deprived of her present liberty, but
after these matters. as indeed things be true
it by taking active precautions so your designs." XLI. Such was the speech of Athenagoras. Whereupon one of the generals rose up and forbade any one else to come forward, but himself spoke as " Perfollows with reference to the matter in hand sonal imputations it is not wise either for any speaker to utter against another or for those who hear to tolerate but in view of the reports that are coming in, we should rather see how we, each person and the city as a whole, shall prepare to defend ourAnd if after selves effectively against the invaders. all there shall be no need of it, there is no harm in the commonwealth being equipped with horses and arms and all other things wherein war takes the provision and inspection of such equippride ment we shall have in charge and in sending men round to the cities for observation as well as for any
will try to
preserve
as to frustrate
may seem
expedient.
These
provisions we have in part already made, and whatever we find out we will bring before you."
And the Syracusans, when the general had said thus much, dispersed from the assembly.
XLI I. Meanwhile
their allies also
all
259
THUCYDIDES
fikv
eire^eiaaiv rod arparevparo^ /cal ^vvra^tv ioairep epbeXXov bppieladai re /cal o-TparoireSev-
ol arparrjyol eiroirjGavTO, teal rpia p,eprj peipavra ev e/cdo~T<p e/cXrjpwaav, 'iva pijre apa
7r\eovT<?
aeaOai
diropwaiv i/Baro?
/cal
Xip^evwv
/cal
tmv
67r iniheiwv
u/coo-p,6repoi /cal
2 arparr]yq> irpoo-reTaypevoi'
yjrav /cal
eireira Be
rpeh vav$ irokewv Be^ovrai. crcfras elaopevas /cal etprjTO avrais irpoairavrav, ottcos eiriGTapevoi
arrives
ratv
/caTairXkcdcriv.
XLTII.
a/cevfj
MeTa
Be
ravra
rocrfjBe
i/c
r)$rj
rfj
irapae?
'AOrjvaloi
apavres
t?J?
Kep/cvpas
p,ev
tt)v
Xi/ceXiav
eirepaiovvTo,
rpiijpeo-i
rats
irdaai<z reaaapo-c ical rpid/covra /cal e/carbv /cal Bvolv 'FoSloiv TTevTT)/covTepoLV (tovtcov *Arri/cal
p,ev
rjcrav
8'
etcarbv,
a)v
Be aXXo vavn/cbv aXXcov ^vpp,d^cov), oirXiTais Be rots %vp,7racnv e/carbv /cal 7revTaKW%iXioi<$ {/cal rovrcov
at
aXXai aTpanooTiBes, rb
'
'A07)vaia)v p,ev avrcov rjaav irevraKocnoi puev /cal yiXioi i/c /caraXoyov, eTna/cbcnoi Be drjres iiri
tcov
vecov,
ftdrai
%vppayoi
Be
ol
aXXoi vve-
o-rpdrevov, ol puev tusv vTrrj/cboov, ol S' 'Apyelcov irevTa/cbcrioi /cal Mavriveayv /cal piaOocpopoov irev-
TtjKovra
ol
/cal Bia/cbaioi),
Tofrorai'} Be
to? Trciviv
byBorjKovra
rovrcov Kpr/re?
260
BOOK
first
VI.
xlii. i-xliii.
final
and made disposition in what order the forces were to anchor and to encamp. Making three divisions they allotted one to each general, in order that they
might not, by sailing together, be at a loss for water and ports and provisions when they put in to shore, and that they might in general be more orderly and
easy to control, being thus assigned in divisions to And next they sent forward separate commanders. to Italy and Sicily three ships, to ascertain which of the cities would receive them. And orders were given to these ships to come back to meet them, that they might know before putting to shore. XLII I. After this the Athenians weighed anchor and crossed over from Corcyra to Sicily with a force that was now of this strength Of triremes there
:
were in all one hundred and thirty-four, and two Rhodian fifty-oared galleys one hundred of these Attic, sixty of which were swift vessels, the others
transports for soldiers, the rest of the fleet being furnished by the Chians and the other allies. Of hoplites there were all together five thousand one hundred and of these, fifteen hundred were Athenians from the muster-roll and seven hundred Thetes l serving as marines on the ships, and the rest allies who shared in the expedition, some from the subjectstates, others from the Argives to the number of five hundred, and of Mantineans and other mercenaries two hundred and fifty. Of bowmen there were in all four hundred and eighty, and eighty of these were Cretans ; of slingers, seven hundred Rhodians one
Citizens of the lowest property-class, who served usually as oarsmen, but in extraordinary cases, as here, served as
1
261
THUCYDIDES
eirraKO aloes, Kal Meyapevac -^riXol<; cpvydaw ecKoai teal etcciTov, Kal liriraycoyw pna rpiaKovra dyovarj
XLTV. Toaavrrj rj irpwrr) irapaa/cevrj 777)09 Toy irokefMov SieirXet,, tovtols Be tcl iiriTifieia dyovaai oX/caSes fxev rpiaicovTa airaycoyoL, Kal tovs airoiroiovs eypvaai, Kal XiOoXoyov? Kal T/cTova<; Kal oaa e? reiyiafibv epyaXela, irXola Be Karov, a, e' avdy/cr)? /xera tcov oXKaBcov ^vveirXei' iroXXa Be ical dXXa irXola /cal oX/cdBe<;
gvvrjKoXovdovv ttj arparca e/JLiropias iravra i/c rrjs Kep/cvpas %vvy Kal irpoafia\bviov koXttov. 2 BieftaXXe rbv Xovaa 7) iraaa irapaaicevr) irpbs re anpav 'lairvyiav Kal rrpbs Tdpavra Kal a>? eKaarot, rjVTroprjaav, irapeKOfii^ovTo ri]v 'IraXiav, tcov fiev iroXecov ov Be^pfievcov avTOVS dyopa ovBe daret, t vBari Be Kal Be Kal AoKpcov ovBe tovtois, ea>9 bp/jicp, Tdpavros 3 dcj)LKOVTO e? *r)yiov 7-7)9 'lraXias aKpcoTi]piov. Kal evravOa r)Br) rjOpoL&vTO, Kal e^co 7-^9 TroXecos, 009 avrovs eaco ovk iBexovTO, arparoireBov re KareaKevdaavro ev tw rffi 'AprepuBos lepep, ov avrols Kal dyopdv nrapelxov, Kal ra9 vav$ dveXKvaavTes Kal 717309 1 tol>9 'Prjyivovs Xoyovs T)avyaaav. eiroLTjaavro, dfyovvTes XaXKiBea? ovras XaX/aol Be ovBe fieO* Bevaiv ovai AeovTivois fiorjOeiv dXX* o tl av Kal to?9 eaeaOai, ecfyaaav erepwv ol 4 aXXois 'IraXidiTais %vvBokt}, tovto iroir)aeiv. Be 7T/?09 rd ev rrj SiKeXla irpdyfiaja eaKoirovv otco rpoiTcp dpiara nrpoaoiaovrar Kal Ta9 irpoeveica'
etcovaioi
a Tore
t of the
MSS.,
by Krvigr.
6i
BOOK
VI. xliii.-xliv. 4
;
hundred and twenty light-armed Megarian exiles and one horse-transport carrying thirty cavalry. XLIV. Such was the strength of the first arma-
ment
thirty
And
for these,
food-bearing transports brought supplies, having also bakers, stone-masons, carpenters, and all tools for wall-building ; and there sailed also one hundred boats that were pressed into service, along with the transports. But many boats besides, as well as transports, voluntarily accompanied the expedition, for the sake of trade. All these, at that time, sailed together from Corcyra across the Ionian Gulf. And when the whole armament reached the Iapygian
promontory, or Tarentum, or wherever they severally found opportunity to make land, they sailed along the coast of Italy some of the cities not receiving them with a market nor into the town, though furnishing them with water and anchorage, and Tarentum and Locri not even with these until they came to
Rhegium, a promontory of Italy. There they now assembled, and, as the Rhegians did not admit them within the walls, they pitched a camp outside of the town in the precinct of Artemis, where a market also was provided for them ; and so drawing up their And they also held ships on shore they took a rest. a conference with the Rhegians, claiming that they as Chalcidians 2 should aid the Leontines who were Chalcidians. They, however, said that they would be neutral, but would do whatever the rest of the Italiots should decide. The Athenians now considered what would be the best course to take with reference to affairs in Sicily ; and at the same time
1
cf.
ch. xxxi.
vi.
1.
cf Strabo
257
o,
/crU^a
1<tt\
rh
'F-fiytop Xa,\/a5e'v.
263
THUCYDIDES
ttXovs
WJ?
e/e
rcov ^prj/jbdrcop el
ecriv a
XLV.
yoQev re
teal
airo
tojv
Karaa/coirayv aa(pfj
fc>?
yyyeXXeTO
tovtols
<m
eirl
Trapea/cevd^oPTO Tracy rfj yvco/ir) teal OVICeTL 7]1TI(JT0VV. KCU ? T TOU? Xt/e\0U9 7T6/0ieTrefJLTTov,
evda
tov$
irpecr-
fieLS, teal ?
iae/cofii^ov,
ittttcov
raXXa
<w?
eirl
oaov ov Trapovri
tcaOl-
XLVI. At
nrpOTrXoL
'Pijyiov,
Xprj/jLCtTa
'
etc
tt}?
at
a vireayovro, rpid/eovra
teal oi
Be
rdXavra
2 fjLova (paiverac.
rjaav
teal
on
oi 'Prjylvot
ovk
iOeX^aavre^ gvcrTpareveiv,
ovs TrpcjTOV Tjp^avro ireideiv teal et/co? rjv /idXio-ra, Aeovriveov re %vyyevels ovras teal a(pio-iv alel eVtNt/a'a irpoaBexop^evw rjv to, irapa ra>v 'EyearaicDV, tolv Be erepoiv teal dXoyco3 re pa. oi Be 'Eyeo-Tatot roiovBe rt, eZerexv/jaavTO TqBeLovs.
teal
/jlcv
tw
Tore ore
264
'Adqvaicov rjXOov
BOOK
they were awaiting the arrival from Egesta of the ships that had been sent ahead, wishing to know about the money, whether there actually was what the messengers had reported at Athens. XLV. Meanwhile, through spies, as well as from many other sources, positive information was already coming in to the Syracusans that the Athenian fleet was at Rhegium and under these conditions they began to make preparations with all zeal, and were no longer incredulous. They sent around also to the Sicels, to some places guards, to others envoys they brought garrisons into the forts in the outlying districts as to affairs in the city, they made an in;
and all other everything was up to full strength matters they were arranging with a view to a war that was imminent and all but upon them. XLVI. The three ships that had gone ahead to Egesta met the Athenians at Rhegium, announcing that the rest of the money which the Egestaeans had promised was not there, but only thirty talents were to be found. And the generals were at once out of spirits, both because this had turned out contrary at the start, and because the Rhegians, the
first people whom they had tried to persuade to join the expedition and with whom it was most likely they should succeed, seeing that they were kinsmen of the Leontines and always friendly to the AthenNicias, indeed, was ians, refused their consent. expecting this news from the Egestaeans, but for the other two it was actually somewhat of a surprise. The fact was that the Egestaeans had resorted to the following device at the time when the first envoys of the Athenians came to them to see about
165
THUCYDIDES
avTOi? e*9 rrjv KaraaK0Trr)v roiv Xpr)p,dr(ov. 9 re to ev "Epv/ci lepov 7-779 'A(f)poBi,Ti)<; dyayovres auToi'9 eireBei^av rd dvaOrjpara, (f>idXa<; re Kal olvo%6a<; Kal Qvpnarripia teal aXXrjv /caraa/cevrjv ovk oXiyrjv, a ovra dpyvpa iroXXa> irXeiw
T7]V oyjnv air
%ero *<&
t
^a
rd re e'f avrf)<; 'Ey eo~rr}$ e kit a> par a Kal Xpvad teal dpyvpa ^vXXe^avre<; Kal rd i/c rcov iyyvs wokewv Kal Qolvikikcov Kal 'EXXrjviBcov alrr)4 eKaarot.
adpevoi eaefyepov 9 ras earidaeLS &>9 OLKeta Kal irdvrwv &>9 eirl rb iroXv T0Z9 avrol<z Xp(op,ivcov Kal irav^aypy ttoXXwv (j>aivop,evcov
p,eyd\t]v rrjv fc7rXr]tjiv T0Z9 K rwv rpirjpcov 'AOrjvaiois 7rapeixe, Kal d$iKop,evoi 69 rds 'AOi'ivas
5 SieOporjo-av a>9
xptfpara 7roXXa tBoiev. Kal 01 p,ev avroi re dirarr)devre<; Kal tovs aXXov? Tore ireiaavres, 7ret,Br) BtrjXOev 6 X0709 on ovk etrj ev rj}
*Eyecrrr) rd xprffiara, ttoXXtjv rrjv airlav eI%o*> virb to)v arpartwrthv 01 Be arparrjyol irpos rd rra-
povra efiovXevovro.
XLVII. Kal
^eXtvovvra
t
Nt/a'ou puev
rjv
yvcopur)
irXelv eirl
crrpana, i<f>' oirep pudXiara Kal i)v pev irapkywo-i xpijpara 7rep.(f)07iaav iravrl ra> arparevp,ari *Eyeo~raZoi, 777)09 lavra
rrdarj rj}
el
ftovXeveadai,
Be
purj,
rats
^7]KOvra
vavalv,
oaaairep yrrjaavro, dgiovv BiBovcu avrovs rpo(j)i]v Kal TTapapeivavras XeXtvovvrlovs rj /3la rj %vp,fidaet, BtaXXd^au avTOts, Kal ovra), TTapairXevaavTa? ra<; a/\Aa9 7r6Xei<; Kal eiTLBet^avra<; p,ev
rrjv
Bvvapav
7779
266
BOOK
the
:
money they brought them into the temple ol Aphrodite at Eryx and showed them the dedicatory bowls, wine-ladles, censers, and not a little offerings
other table-furniture, which being of silver made, though of small value in money, a much greater And in giving private entertainments for display. the crews of the triremes, they not only collected the gold and silver drinking-cups from Egesta itself, but borrowed those from the neighbouring cities, both Phoenician and Hellenic, and brought them each to the banquets as though they were their own. And as all used for the mo6t part the same vessels and there was a great display of them everywhere, it caused great astonishment to the Athenians from the triremes, and they on returning to Athens spread the report of how much treasure they had seen. And these men who had been themselves deceived and had at the time persuaded the rest, later, when the story got out that the money was not at Egesta, were much blamed by the soldiers. The generals, however, took counsel in view of the present situation. XLVI I. It was the judgment of Nicias that they should sail with their whole armament against Selinus, which was the object for which they had chiefly been sent out, and if the Egestaeans should furnish money for the whole army, they should then determine accordingly otherwise, they should demand that they give maintenance for sixty ships, the number they had asked for, and remaining there they should reconcile the Selinuntians to the Egestae;
by force or by agreement. This being accomplished, the Athenians should sail along by the other cities, displaying the power of the city of Athens and making manifest their zeal towards their
ans, either
267
THUCYDIDES
Be Tr)v e\ tou?
(j)i\ov<;
kcli
diroirXelv ottcaBe,
rjv p>r) ri Bl
aBoKrjTOV
r)
Aeovrivovs
olol re
aofaXfjaai
r)
toop aXXcov rtva iroXecov irpoo-ayayeaQai, real rrj iroXeL BairavayvTCLS ra olfcela pur) tcivBvveveiv.
XLVIII. 'AXfaPidBris Be ovtc ecfrr) ^prjvai roaavTTf Bvvdaei etcirXevo-avTa*; ala^poi^ ical dirpdicTOU9 direXOelv, dXX! 9 re ra<; 7r6Xei<; iiri/cr}pvKeveaOcu ra9 aXXas,
fiev
nrXr)v
teal
XeXivovvros
teal
iretpaadai
diro
dfyiardvai
t&v
'Zvpatcoalayv,
rov?
Be
Xva alrov teal crrpaTiav irape(friXovs TroieiaOai, Be ireiOeiv MecrarjVLovs (ev iropw Xtooi, TTpcorov
yap fidXiara
XiteeXias, teal
IfcavcordrTjv
teal
TTpoarfioXf}
elvai
avrovs
t/}<?
Xtpueva
arparta
Ta?
i)Br]
eaecrOai),
7rpoaayayopevov<; Be
tis TroXepLyaei, ovtcos
wv
Xvpafeovacus
fjuev
eoicri
KaroiKi^etv.
Be dvriKpvq e(f>rj %pi)vai irXelv ry iroXei 009 Ta%*<7Ta
ea>9
XLIX. AdpLa%o$
eirl
%vpaicovaa<;
teal 7T/909
rr)v
pdyr\v TroielaOai,
en dirapdaKevol
yap
rjv
re
Trpco-
Be yjpo-
dvaOapaovvras
dvBpooirovs Kal
1
Ttj
oyfrei
kclv
xaracppovelv piaXXov.
Herwerden,
Kai,
Hude
reads
after van
268
BOOK
VI. xlvii.-xux.
friends and allies, and then should sail back home unless perchance they should be able quickly and unexpectedly either to aid the Leontines, or to bring
over some of the other cities and not imperil the safety of the state at the expense of their own
resources. 1
XLVIII. Alcibiades insisted that they ought not, after sailing out with so great an armament, to go back in disgrace without effecting anything but urged rather that they send heralds to the other cities, except
;
Selinus and Syracuse, and try to detach some of the Sicels from the Syracusans, and to make friends of others, in order that these might furnish grain and troops, but first of all that they try to persuade the Messenians ; for their city, he urged, was most con2 and at the veniently situated on a line of traffic a and would be harbour and a to approach Sicily most suitable watch-station for the armament. Then, after they had brought over these cities and knew with whose assistance they would carry on the war, they should proceed to attack Syracuse and Selinus, unless the latter came to terms with the Egestaeans, and the former permitted them to restore the Leontines. XL1X. Lamachus maintained that they ought to sail direct for Syracuse and as soon as possible make the fight near the city, while the Syracusans were still unprepared and their consternation was at its height. For every army, he argued, is always most formidable at first, but if it delay before coming into sight, men recover their spirit and even at the sight of it are more inclined to despise than to fear it. But
1
As opposed
4v ir6pcp ia
269
THUCYDIDES
al<f>viBioi Bk
tjv
Trpcxnreacocnv, eco?
en
TrepiBeet^
irpocrBeyovrai, pakurT av (7^et? irepiyeveo~6ai teal Kara, irdvTa av avrovs i/c<fiof3r)o-ai, rfj re oyjrei (irXecaTot, yap av vvv <f>avr}vai) /cal rfj Trpoo-Bo/cia wv ireiarovTai, fidXcara S' av to> avri/ca /civBvva)
3
d/ebs Be elvat /col iv tois dypols t?}9 fxaXHS. 7roXXou? d jTo\y)(^6r)vaL h^co Bia to airiaTelv crtyas fcal ia/co/ii^ofievcov avroov rrjv arparidv fir) r)^iv, ovk a7roprjo~iv xprj/MiTCDV, rjv 7rpo9 rf} iroXei /cparovaa KaOe&Tac. tou? re aXXou? Hi/cekccoras ovtg)$ rjBrj fiaWov teal i/ceivoi? ov ^vfifia^o-eiv teal <t$L<ti TTpOGikvai ko\ ov BiafieWrjcreiv irept,
yjpr)vai iroieladai, a rjv epfjfia, aireyovTa Xvpa/covacov oure ifkovv ttoXvv ovre 6B6v. L. Aa/xa%o? fiev ravra elircov ojicos irpoaeOero
'
'
auTO?
arjvrjv
7T/0O9
rf)
AX/ciftidBov
yvcofirj.
vrji
'A\/a/3idBr)<; rfj
/cal
aurov
aVTOVS,
e'9
rrrokei fiev
\6yovs iroirjadfievo^ irepl tyfifiayias ft)9 OVK 67T10V, aXX,' dlTKpLVaVTO av ov Be^aodai, dyopdv 8* efa> irape^eiv,
to 'Vrjyiov.
ere
2 djreTrXei
T9 etjrjfcovra vavs
iirirrfBeia
3
\aj36vTes
aWrjv a-rpartdv
a(j)(ov
avrcbv.
e'9
irapeirXeov 9 Ndov, ttjv iv ^Prjyup /caraXnrovTes /cal eva Naftft>i> Be Begafievcov rfj iroXei
/cal a>9
irapeirXeov
1
Kardvrjv.
avrovs
oi
KaTa-
4 <p Spuria iv
MSS.
sense.
rd, Boehnie's correction for i<popixr\B(vras of the iSchaefer's conjecture, i<popnia8ivrai t gives the same
270
BOOK
if it
enemy
are
still
in
have the best chance for way will strike fear into them, both by the sight of it for at this moment it would appear most numerous and by the expectation of the fate in store for them, but most of all by the immediate peril of the battle. And, he added, probably many people have been left behind on their farms outside the city on account of the disbelief that the Athenians will come, and while they are bringing in their property the army will not lack supplies, if it once controls the land and invests the
terror of its coming, victory and in every
will
city.
And
this course
as for the rest of the Siceliots, if we follow they will at once be more likely, not to
alliance with the enemy, but to come over and not to make delays, looking about to And he said, see which side will be the stronger. finally, that they should return and make a naval base and a watch-station at Megara, since it was uninhabited, and not far from Syracuse either by
to us,
make an
sea or by land.
L.
Lamachus, though
speaking
to
this
effect,
nevertheless gave his support to the opinion of After this Alcibiades sailed in his own Alcibiades. ship over to Messene and made proposals to the Messenians for an alliance but as they could not be persuaded, answering that they would not receive him within the city, but would furnish a market outside, he sailed back to Rhegium. Then the generals straightway manned sixty ships out of their whole number, and taking provisions sailed along the coast to Naxos, leaving at Rhegium the rest of the army and one of the generals. The Naxians received them into their city, and they sailed on then to Catana. When
;
271
THUCYDIDES
XvpaKocrLcov
Trjpi'av
eirl
valoi ovk iSexovro (evrjo~av yap avrodi avBpe? ra ftovXofievoi), e/co/iiadrjaav iirl rbv
Trorafiov, teal avXiadfievoi rfj varepaia Xvpafcovaas eirXeov, eiii xepax; e^ovre^ Ta? BeKa Be row ve&v irpovrrepr^rav e? 4 aXkas vavs' rbv pueyav Xtpueva irXevaai re /cal KaraaKe^acOai el ri vavTLKov eari KaQeikKvapievov, teal /cypv^ai
airb roiv veo)V irpoo-irXevaavra^ on ^AOrjvalot, rjKovai AeovTLVOV? e? rrjv eavroyv KaroiKiovvre^
rovs ovv ovras ^v/jLixa^iav teal %vyy eveiav ev XvpaKovo-ai$ Aeovrlvcov oj? irapa $iXov<s koX 5 evepyera^ AOrjvaiovs aSeco? dirievai. eirel ' i/erj''
Kara
pvX@V Ka ^ KareaKe-^ravro rt]v re ttoXlv /cal rovs Xiptevas /cal ra irepl rrjv xobpav, if; ^? avroU
oppLcopuevois 7ro\ep,r)Tea
JJLardvrjv.
rjv,
direirXevcyav irdXiv e?
LI.
Kat
arpanav
ical
ovk iSexovro
ol
'
KaravaloL, tou? Be
/cal
eiirelv.
ra>v ev rfj rroXei 7T/D0? tt]V e/ctcXijo'Lav rerpapLpuevwv ol arpancorai nrvXiBa nvd ev(p/co8o/jLT)p,ev7]v /ca/ews eXaOov Bie2
Xovres
/cal
icreXOovres rjyopa&v.
reov he
Kara-
va'uov ol puev ra rfhv 'EvpaKocrlcov efypovovvres o>? elBov to errpdrevp,a evBov> evOvs TrepiBeeis yevopbevot
vire^rfkdov ov TToXXot nves, ol Be aXXot iyjrrjcf)Leravrb re gvpLpuaxlav to? 'AOrjvaioi? /cal to aXXo 3 arpdrevpua e/ceXevov e/c 'Vrjyiov Kopi^eiv. pierd Be
'
tovto irXevaavre^
1
4s
tV
Herweiden.
272
BOOK
VI.
l.
3-L1. 3
for there the Catanaeans would not receive them were in that place men who favoured the cause of the Syracusans they moved on to the river Terias, and having bivouacked there sailed next day to Syracuse
with
all
file,
number they had sent forward to sail into the Great Harbour and observe whether any fleet was launched. After sailing up the commanders of these were to proclaim from the ships that the Athenians had come
to reinstate the Leontines in their own country on the ground of alliance and kinship any Leontines therefore who were in Syracuse should come over without fear to the Athenians as friends and bene;
had been made and the harbours and the features of the country which they would have to make their base for warlike operations, they sailed back to Catana. LI. An assembly being held there, the Catanaeans would not receive the army but bade the generals come in and say what they wanted. While, then, Alcibiades was speaking, and the attention of the people in the city was wholly directed to the assembly, the soldiers, breaking unobserved through a posterngate that had been badly built into the wall, entered and were walking about in the market-place. Those Catanaeans who were partisans of the Syracusans, seeing the soldiers inside, at once became much frightened and slipped away, not in any large numbers; the others voted alliance with the Athenians and bade them bring the rest of their army from Iihegium. After this the Athenians sailed back to Rhegium, then putting out from there with their whole
factors.
When
this proclamation
city
273
THUCYDIDES
rjBr)
rff
arparia apavre?
e? ttjv
Kardvrjv,
iireiBrj
TrXrjpovai
real irapeirXevcrav irpcoTOV fiev eirl Xvpafcovcras' a>9 ovBev rjvpov vavri/cbv 7rXr)povp,Vov, irapeKO-
fii^ovro avOis eirl Ka/xaplpT)? Kal <T%6vTe<; e'<? top alyiaXbv iTreKrjpvKevovTo. oi 8' ovk iBe^ovTO,
Xeyovre<; crcpLcn rd opKia eivai pna y tcov A.6r)vaL(0v Be^ecrOai, rjv /irj
2 peTarrepLircocnv.
/cat
vr\l
KarairXeov-
avrol 7tXlov<;
airofidvTes
LIII.
Kal
ttjv
y
SaXaptviav
cov
r)
vavv
a>?
i/c
tceXevaovras
1
airoXoyiav
ticotcov, tcov pLev pier tcov juvarrjplayv &)? daeftovvTcov, tcov Be teal ire pi 2 tcov 'JLppcov. ol ydp 'AOrjvaloi, 7reiBr) r] crTparid
direTrXevaev, ovBev
irepl
fjcrcrov ^rjTrjaiv
eiroiovvTO tcov
rd
Kal
tcov
/uiv
added by Hude.
274
BOOK
armament
VI.
li. 3-liii. 2
for Catana, on their arrival they set about arranging their camp. LI I. Meanwhile news came from Camarina that if the Athenians would go thither the Camarinaeans would join them, and also that the Syracusans were manning a fleet. Accordingly they proceeded with their whole army along the coast, first to Syracuse ; and when they found no fleet was being manned, they again continued along the coast to Camarina and The putting to shore sent forward a herald. Camarinaeans, however, would not receive them, saying that the terms of their oath were to receive the Athenians only if they put in with a single So the ship, unless they themselves sent for more. Athenians sailed away without accomplishing any-
and after landing at a point in Syracusan territory and making raids, when the Syracusan cavalry had come to the rescue and killed some of their light-armed troops that were straggling they went back to Catana. LIII. There they found that the galley Salaminia had come from Athens for Alcibiades to order him to come home and make his defence against the charges which the city was bringing and for certain of the soldiers also, some of them having been denounced with him as guilty of profanation with regard to the mysteries, and some also with regard to the Hermae. For after the armament sailed, the Athenians had been pursuing with no less zeal than before their investigation of what had been done in
thing
;
the matter of the mysteries as well as the Hermae ; and as they did not test the witnesses, but in their
One of the two swift Athenian state triremes kept always manned ready for extraordinary occasions and purposes.
1
275
THUCYDIDES
aWa
av9 pCdTTWV
fxevoi elvai
TCOV
TToXlTCOV
i*uXXa{i/3dvovT<;
/careBovv,
xpriai/AcoTepov rjyou-
p,r)vvTov
3
irovqpiav
fievo?
alnaOivra dveXeyKrov Bia<pvyeiv. eTriardyap 6 Bf/fios a/coy rr)v Tieicrio-TpaTov kclItojv iraiBoov rvpavvlBa %a\7rr]V reXevrwaav yevoelvai
fiivrjv fcal
KarakvOelaav, dXX! vtto toov AaKeBai/novlcov, i(f>o/3eiTO alel Kal irdvra u7ro7TTG)9 iXdfiftavev.
LIV. To yap
roXfirj/na
'
ApiaToyeiTovos
teal
ApfioBiov
oY
ipcoriKTjp
^vvrvxiav
eTrexeiprjOr], rjp
aXXovs ovre
eyco iirl irXeov Birjyrjad/uLevos dirocpavco ovre tou? avroi)<; *A0r]vaiov<; irepl toov acfie-
iroXXol olovTaiy
dpxrfv.
dXXa
eo"%e tt]v
T)\iKia<i
yevo/ievov Be 'Ap/xoBlov
y
wpa
Be
Kal ov TrecaOeU /carayopevsi ra> 'Apio-ToyetTOvi. 6 ipcoTiK<o$ TrepLaXyijcras Kal (f>o/3r)0eU tijv
BvvajJLiv
fit}
'Yinrdpxov
f3la
irpoaaydyyjrat aurov,
eiriffovXeueL eudu? a>9 diro rr}? v-rrapyovar)*; agiooKal iv tovtoo o 4 o-ew? KardXvaip rrj TVpavviBi.
276
BOOK
VI.
LIII.
2-LIV. 4
state of suspicion accepted everything, on the credit of bad men they arrested and threw into prison very
excellent citizens, thinking it more expedient to sift the matter to the bottom and find out the truth, than that anybody, even one reputed to be good and accused only through the villainy of an informer, should escape without close investigation. For the people, knowing by tradition that the tyranny of Peisistratus and his sons had become galling at the last, and moreover had been put down, not by themselves and Harmodius, but by the Lacedaemonians, 1 were in constant fear and regarded everything
with suspicion. LIV. Now the daring deed of Aristogeiton 2 and Harmodius was undertaken on account of a love
and by relating this at some length I shall prove that neither the Hellenes at large nor even the Athenians themselves give an accurate account about their own tyrants or about this incident. For when Peisistratus died, 3 as an old man, in possession of the
affair,
tyranny, it was not Hipparchus, as most suppose, but Hippias, as eldest son, that succeeded to the And Harmodius, being then in the sovereignty. flower of youthful beauty, had as his lover AristoAn attempt to geiton, a citizen of the middle class. seduce him having been made by Hipparchus son of Peisistratus without success, Harmodius denounced
And he, lover-like, deeply to Aristogeiton. it, and fearing the power of Hipparchus, lest he might take Harmodius by force, at once plotted, with such influence as he possessed, to
him
resented
Meanwhile
B.C.
Hipparchus,
277
THUCYDIDES
"iTnrapxos d>? avOis ireipdcras ovBev (xaWov eireiOe tov 'ApfioBiov, fiiaiov fiev ovBev ifiovXero Bpdv, iv 1 Be tlvl dcfravel a)? ov Bid tovto Br) irapeT/007TG)
5 a/cevd^eTo
TTpoTrrjXaKiwv
avrov.
ovBe
yap
tt)v
dXkrjv apxv v ifrax^V^ V v 6 ? T0V<* iroWovs, a\V aveiricpOovcDS Karearrja-aro' /cal iiTTr)Bevaav iirl irXelaTOV Br) TVpavvoi ovtol dperrjv /cat, gvveaiv,
/cal
AOrjvalovs el/coaTr)v uovov irpaaaopievoi twv yiyvopLevoav rrjv re iroXiv avrcov /ca\ay$ Bie/coo-p,r)'
aav
/cal
tou?
Be
6 eOvov.
ra
aXka
avrr)
r)
acpcov
oaov alei riva iirefieXovTO /cal dXXoi re avrcov iv rais appals elvai.
rr)v
avrcov rjp^av
ULeiaiarpaTOS 6 'Ittttlov rov rvpavvevaavros vlos, tov rrdmrov excov Tovvofia, o? rcov BcoBe/ca decov ficofAOP rbv iv rfj dyopa apx^v dvedrj/ce /cal rov
7
/cal
tw
/aev iv rfj
dyopa
7rpoo~oi/coBofMrjo-a<;
l
vcrrepov 6
Btj/jlos
'AOtj-
vaicov /xel^ov fifj/cos r)(f)dviae rovrrlypa^jxa' rov Be iv HvOlov en /cal vvv BrjKov iariv dfivBpois
Orj/cev
JjV/'Otl Be TTpeo-ftvTaros
fiev
1
elBm
t
/cal
d/cof) d/cpifteo-repov
Levesque 's correction for T^iry rov &a>nov, in the MSS. after /xtikos, deleted by Kriiger.
1 This seems to point to a near relationship of the historian with the family of the Peisistratidae, so that more
278
BOOK
VI.
liv.
4-lv.
people, but maintained it without giving offence. And indeed the Peisistratidae carried the practice of virtue and discretion to a very high degree, considering that they were tyrants, and although
they exacted from the Athenians only five per cent, of their incomes, not only had they embellished their city, but they also carried on its wars and provided sacrifices for the temples. In other respects the city itself enjoyed the laws before established, except in so far that the tyrants took precaution that one of their own family should always be in office. Amongst others of them who held the annual archonship at Athens was Peisistratus, a son of the Hippias who had been tyrant. He was named after his grandfather and, when he was archon, dedicated the altar of the twelve gods in the Agora and that of Apollo in the Pythian precinct. The people of Athens afterwards, in extending the length of the altar in the Agora, effaced the inscription but that on the altar of the Pythian Apollo can still be seen in in;
distinct letters,
reading as follows
"This memorial of
LV. That it was Hippias who, as eldest son, succeeded to the sovereignty I positively affirm because I know it even by tradition more accurately than others, 1
exact knowledge had come to him by word of i.Koy) ; cf. Marcellinus, 18, and Schol. on I. xx.
mouth
2.
(ol
279
THUCYDIDES
yvoir) 8' av t*9 Kal avrq> tovtm* TraiBes yap avrw fiovov (paivovrai tS)v yv)]aicov dBeXcftwv yevop,evoi,
Co?
r)
'
rwv rvpdvvcov
iroXet
o~ra6elo~a,
iv
fj
iv
'Ittttlov Be rrevre,
avrcp
i/c
Mvpatvr)?
rrj<;
KaXXiov rov
^Tireporjv
rfj
^IBov
2
rbv
avrjj
yeypairrau puerd rov 7rarepa, ovBe rovro drreiKorcos Bid to irpeafieveiv re air avrov
arrjXr} 7rpa)T09
3
Bo/cei
p,oi
rrjv
rvpavvtBa, el "lirTrapxo^ p-ev iv rfj dp^fj cov drreOaveVy avrbs Be avdr)p,epbv KaOiararo' dXXa Bid
to rrpbrepov %vvr)des rots p,ev TroXirais fyofiepov, 9 Be tou? iirtfcovpovs dfcpifies, iroXXw tw rrepiovri
oj? dBeX(f>bs
ri]v B6%av rvpavvlBos 69 rd erreira irpoaXafielv. LVI. Tbv S* ovv 'AppLoBiov drrapvrflkvra
rfj
dovs
rrjV
it povirrfXaKLcev
dBeX-
avrov Koprjv irrayyeiXavres r]Keiv Kavovv (j>i]v yap otaovaav iv iropurrj revi, dirtjXaaav Xeyovres ovBe
2 iirayyeTXai rrjv dp^rjv Bid to p,r) d^iav elvai. %a\e7ra>9 Be iveyKOVTO? rov 'AppoBlov iroXXtp Br) p,dXXov
So
BOOK
and anyone might be convinced of it also by this simple he alone of the legitimate brothers appears to fact have had children, as not only the altar signifies, but also the column commemorating the wrong-doing of the tyrants that was set up on the acropolis of Athens, on which no child of Thessalus or of Hipparchus is inscribed, but of Hippias five, who were borne to him
by Myrrhine daughter of Callias son of Hyperochifor it was natural for the eldest to marry first. And on this same column his name is written first after his father's, this also not unnaturally, as he was Nor yet the eldest after him and had been tyrant. again would Hippias, as it seems to me, have obtained the tyranny at once with ease, if Hipparchus had been in power when killed, and had had to establish himself therein on the same da}'. Nay, it was owing to the habitual fear which before that he had inspired in the citizens, and the strict discipline he had maintained in the bodyguard, that he got the upper hand with superabundant security and was at no loss, as a younger brother would have been, since in that case he would not previously have been regularly used to power. Hipparchus, however, as it fell out, having become famous by his tragic fate, obtained in aftertime the credit also of having been tyrant. LVI. So, then, when Harmodius had repulsed his For suit, Hipparchus insulted him, as he intended.
das
;
after
summoning
l
some procession, they rejected her, declaring they had never summoned her at all, because she was unworthy. As Harmodius was indignant at
basket-bearer
in
1 This service of carrying at festivals baskets containing the requisites for religious ceremonies was a great distinction, so that the rejection of the maiden was regarded as a bitter insult to the family.
VOL.
III.
2gl
THUCYDIDES
<V eKelvov
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airepuTKeirTa)*;
Bi 007*79,
pkv
8'
added by Pontus.
182
BOOK
this,
And now the details had been arranged by them with those who were to take part in the execution of their
but they were waiting for the great Panathenaea, for on that day only it excited no suspicion for the citizens who were to take part in the procession to be assembled in arms. They were themselves to begin the attack, but the others were to join them at once in dealing with the bodyguard. The conspirators were not many, for better security ; for they hoped that, if ever so few made the bold attempt, at once even those who were not before privy to it, having arms in their hands, would be inclined to bear a part in winning their own freedom. LVII. And when the festival came on, Hippias with his bodyguard was outside the walls, in the place called the Cerameicus, arranging the order in which the several parts of the procession were to go forward ; and Harmodius and Aristogeiton, who
;
scheme
were ready with their daggers, stepped forward to put their scheme in effect. But when they saw one of their accomplices talking familiarly with Hippias, who was accessible to all, they took fright, thinking that they had been informed upon and would in a moment be arrested. So wishing first to take vengeance, if they cou.ld, upon the one who had aggrieved them and because of whom they were risking all, they rushed, just as they were, within the gates and came upon Hipparchus at the place called Leocorium. 1 And at once falling upon him recklessly and as men will in extreme wrath, the one
1 The sanctuary of the daughters of Leos, an ancient Attic It was king, who in a famine were sacrificed for the state. in the Inner Cerameicus, near the temple of Patrous.
Apollo
*3
THUCYDIDES
4
VOVGIV aVTOV.
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rov o^Xov, Kal vcnepov XrjtyOels ov paBloo? BiereOiy avrov Trapa^prj/jua diroXXvrat,.
LVIII. 'AyyeXOevro? Be \inria e? rov KepaTO yev6fJLVOV dXX* 67U TOU9 /JLlKOV, OVK 7rl
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'ApxeBiKTjv, 'Adrjvaio? <ov Aapb^raKrjvip, eBwKW,
8 4
BOOK
VI.
lvii.
3-lix. 3
inflamed by jealousy, the other by insult, they smote and slew him. Aristogeiton, indeed, escaped the guards for the moment, as the crowd ran together, but afterwards was caught and handled in no
gentle
spot.
manner
but
LVIII. When the news was brought to Hippias in the Cerameicus, he went at once, not to the scene of action, but to the hoplites in the procession, before they, being some distance away, had become aware of what had happened, and, disguising his looks so as to betray nothing in regard to the calamity, pointed to a certain place and ordered them to go thither without their arms. So they withdrew, thinking that he had something to say to them while he, ordering the mercenaries to take up the arms of the others, immediately picked out those whom he held guilty, and anyone besides who was found with a dagger for it was customary to march in the processions armed with shield and spear only.
;
LIX.
first
It
was
in
Harmodius and Aristogeiton was conceived and their reckless attempt made under the influence of their momentary alarm. After this the tyranny became harsher for the Athenians, and Hippias, being now in greater apprehension, not only put to death many of the citizens, but also began to look abroad, to see if in any quarter he might find any door of safety open to him in case
that the
plot of
of a revolution.
son of Hippocles, tyrant of Lampsacus an Athenian to a Lampsacene perceiving that this family had
285
THUCYDIDES
alcrdavofxevos avrovs pueya irapa (3aakel Aapeucp BvvaaOai. zeal avrrj<; crrj/ia iv Aa^yjraKcp etrrlv
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r ovk
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Kal
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rep Beo-ficorrjpCcp rjaav
dXXd Kaff
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69
to
re
Kal 7rXe/ou9
en
i;vXXapLj3dviv,
eh
rcov
Be&efievcov,
oenrep
i.
9).
16
BOOK
at
And there is great influence with King Darius. Lampsacus a monument of her bearing this in1
scription
"This dust covers Archedice daughter of Hippias, Who was foremost in Hellas among the men of his
time
:
and husband, her brothers and children were tyrants, Yet was not her mind lifted up to vainglory."
father
Her
Hippias, however, after being tyrant for three years at Athens, was then deposed 2 in the fourth year by the Lacedaemonians and the exiled Alcmaeonidae, and retired under truce to Sigeium, from there to Aeantides at Lampsacus, and thence to the whence twenty years later, court of King Darius being already an old man, he went with the Persians on the expedition to Marathon. LX. With these events in mind and recalling all that they knew of them by report, the Athenian
more
people
were
in
had incurred blame in and the whole thing seemed to them to have been done in connection with a conspiracy that aimed at an oligarchy or a So when, in consequence of their anger tyranny. on this account, many noteworthy men were already imprisoned and there seemed to be no end of the matter, but day by day they were growing more savage and still more men were being arrested, then at last one of the men in confinement, 8 the one in fact who
* The orator Andocides, who gives his account of the matter in his speech De Mysttriia. The man who persuaded him was, according to Andocides, his cousin Charmides; according to Plutarch (Alci^. ii), it was Timaeus.
8 7
THUCYDIDES
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err
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/cal 6 fiev
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ev
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(Zero, to
irporepov,
fir)
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ra>
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elaovrai^
fier
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fiev
firjvvrrjv
evdvs koX
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fiev
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tw
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r)
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aBrjXov
dBUcos
irerificoprjvro,
fievroi aXXrj
rroXis ev ra> irapbvri 7repi(f)av(bs a)(f)iXr)ro. LXI. Hepl Be rod *AX/cl/3uiBov evayovrcov r>v
fydpcbv, oXrrep
/cal
irplv e/cTrXelv
avrov eireOevro,
eXdfi/3avov /cal eTretBr) rb ^aXewcbs rSiv 'Epjicbv wovro o~a<f>es e%et^, ttoXv Br) fidXXov /cal ra fivari/cd, u>v eirairios r)v, fiera rov avrov
ol *A0r)valoi
1
BOOK
was regarded as the most guilty, was persuaded by one of his fellow-prisoners to make a confession, which may have been true or not for there are conjectures both ways, but no one has been able, either then or afterwards, to tell the truth with reference to those who did the deed. At any rate, the other prisoner persuaded this man that, even if he had not done the deed, he ought, having first secured immunity, 1 to save himself and free the state from the prevailing suspicion for, he said, he had a surer chance of saving his life by confessing, with the promise of immunity, than by denying the charge and undergoing trial. Accordingly he informed against himself and others in the affair of
;
;
the the
people, delighted at getting they thought, and already making much ado that they should not discover those who were plotting against the democracy, at once set free the informer and with him all the rest whom he had not denounced but with regard to those who were accused they instituted trials and put to death all
truth,
arrested, while on those who had fled they passed sentence of death, offering a reward in money to anyone who killed them. And in all this it was uncertain whether those who suffered had not been punished unjustly; the city at large, however, at the time was clearly benefited. LXI. With regard to Alcibiades, the Athenians took the matter seriously, being urged on by his enemies, the men who had attacked him before he sailed. And thinking now that they had the truth about the Hermae, they were far more convinced that the profanation of the mysteries also, in which he was implicated,
i.e.
289
THUCYDIDES
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(SovXofievoi,
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^varpareveiv,
teal ol fjvvBia-
eavrov vavv
290
BOOK
is
had been committed by him with the same intent, that of conspiring against the people. For it so happened that a small Lacedaemonian force, at the moment when they were in commotion about these matters, had come as far as the Isthmus in pursuance of some arrangement with the Boeotians. The opinion prevailed, therefore, that it had come on agreement at his instigation, and not in the interest of the Boeoand that, if they had not themselves been tians beforehand in arresting the men on the strength of the information given, the city would have been And once for a whole night they lay betrayed. under arms in the precinct of Theseus within the walls. Furthermore, the friends of Alcibiades at Argos were at the same time suspected of a design to attack the people; and on this account the Argive hostages who had been deposited in the islands 1 were at that time delivered by the Athenians Thus from to the Argive people to be put to death. all sides suspicion had gathered about Alcibiades. And so, wishing to bring him to trial and put him to death, they had sent the Salaminia to Sicily for him and for the others who had been informed upon. And the orders were to give him formal summons to follow, that he might make his defence, but not to arrest him for they were solicitous about both their own soldiers in Sicily and the enemy, not wishing to stir up excitement among them, and they were especially desirous that the Mantineans and Argives should remain with them, thinking that it was through him that they had been persuaded So he, in his own ship, to join in the expedition. and those who were accused with him, sailed off in
; ;
cj.
lxxxiv.
1.
291
THUCYDIDES
fiefiXrjfievoi
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LXII. Mera
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Ml
BOOK
company with the Salaminia from Sicily, as if for Athens. When, however, they reached the territory of the Thurians, they followed no further, but left their ship and disappeared, being afraid to sail home
for trial in the face of the existing prejudice. The crew of the Salaminia sought for Alcibiades and his
but when these were companions for some time nowhere to be found, they sailed home. Alcibiades, however, being now an outlaw, not long afterwards crossed over by boat from Thurii to the Peloponand the Athenians through a judgment by nesus default 1 sentenced him and his companions to
;
;
death.
two generals who were left in army and each taking one by lot, sailed with the whole force for Selinus and Egesta, wishing to know whether the Egestaeans would give the promised money, and to look into the affairs of the Selinuntians and learn their points of contention with the Egestaeans. So
LXII. After
this the
Sicily,
making two
divisions of the
of
which faces the Tyrrhenian gulf on their left hand, they put into Himera, which is the only Hellenic city in that part of Sicily; and as Himera would not receive them, they proceeded along the
it
that
is,
the part
their passage they took Hyccara, a petty seaside, which, though Sicanian, was yet hostile to the Egestaeans. They enslaved the inhabitants, and turned the town over to the Egestaeans, some of whose cavalry had joined them, but themselves went back with their land-force through
coast.
On
town by the
failed to
appear
for trial.
293
THUCYDIDES
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'
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o%\o$
LXIV.
1 1
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yiyvdiorKovres
ol
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rwv
MSS.
*94
BOOK
captives.
VI.
lxii.
3-lxiv.
Hyccara
1 Nicias, however, had sailed at once from for Egesta, and after transacting his other
business and receiving thirty talents had rejoined the army. Their slaves they sold, receiving for them one hundred and twenty talents. They sent round also to their allies among the Sicels, bidding them send troops ; and with half of their own force went against Hybla Geleatis, a hostile town, but failed to And so the summer ended. take it. LXIII. The following winter the Athenians began at once to prepare for the advance upon Syracuse, and the Syracusans also, on their side, to go against them. For when the Athenians did not, in accordance with their first alarm and expectation, at once attack them, with each successive day their courage revived ; and when the Athenians sailed along the opposite coast of Sicily and showed themselves only at a distance
from Syracuse, and going against Hybla failed in the attempt to take it by storm, the Syracusans had still greater contempt for them, and, as a crowd is wont to do when it has become elated, demanded that their generals should lead them against Catana, since the Athenians would not come against them. Moreover, mounted Syracusan scouts constantly rode up to the Athenian army and amongst other insults asked them: "Are you come to settle yourselves here with us, on land which belongs to other people, instead of resettling the Leontines on their
"
all
and purposed to draw the whole of the Syrawithout waiting for Hyccara to be reduced and
of.
i.e.
its
inhabitants disposed
295
THUCYDIDES
etc tt}?
7roXe&)?
on
virb vv/cra TrapaTrXevaavre^ arparo1 rreBbv fcara\afif3dveiv ev eirir^Beiw /caO f)<rv)(lav 1 eiSoVe? ovk av 6/jlolcos Bvvrjdevres, el e/c rwv vecov
ev
roaovrw
7T/30?
irapeafcevacixevov^ eK^ifid^oiev
rj
Kara
yi}v
16VT<? ryVG)(T0LV
/cal
(tOU?
jap
6
CLV -tylXOVS
TOU?
<T<j)(t)V
Xvpafcoaiwv
01)
Toy?
t7T7rea?
ITTTreWV,
TTOWOVS
<T<f)i<Tl
TTCLpOVTCOV
jSXdrrreiv av fieydXa'
ovrco Be XifaeaOai, ywplov odev virb rcov irnreasv ov ftXdtyovrai afya \6yov eBLBacncov 8' avrovs irepl rod irpbs ru> 'OXv/jLTrieico
valo?
dvtjp, seal
fjfceiv ecprj
wv
etcelvoi
rjiricrravro ev rfj
3 cr(j)iaiv evvcov.
dvBpwv etc t?}? KaTaz/?;? rd ovofiara eyiyvwaicov zeal 7roXei en vTroXoiirovs oWa? twv
'
air
eXeye Be Toy? 'AdTjvauovs avXi%eo-0ai dirb rcov ottXwv ev rfj iroXei, koX el /3ovXovrac i/ceivoc it avBrj fiel ev i]fiepa prjrfj dfia ecp
to arpdrevfia eXOetv, avrol fiev diro/cXyaeiv tou? irapd acplai xal rd? vavs i^TTpijaeiv, etceivov<; Be paBLcos to crrpdrev/jua TTpoafiaXovras rfo crraveirl
pco/juari
alprjaecv
e\vai Be
ravra
toi/?
%vvhpdijBr],
rjrotfidaOai,
k1,
before
tl
in
Scholiast.
296
BOOK
cusan force as far as possible away from the city, and themselves meanwhile to sail down under cover of night and undisturbed to occupy a camp at a suitable place, knowing that they would not be able to do this so well if they should disembark from their ships in the face of an enemy prepared to meet them, or should be detected going by land. For being without horsemen themselves, their own lightarmed troops and their mob of camp-followers would, they thought, suffer great harm at the hands of the numerous Syracusan cavalry but in the way proposed they would take a position where they would not suffer any harm worth mentioning from the
;
and certain Syracusan exiles who were with them gave them information as to the position close to the Olympieium, which in fact they subsequently occupied. So then, in furtherance of their plan, the generals devised some, such scheme as this They sent a man loyal to themselves, but in the opinion of the Syracusan generals no less a friend of theirs. The man was a Catanaean, and said that he had come from men at Catana whose names they recognized and whom they knew to be the remnant of those who were still loyal to them in the city. He said that the Athenians were in the habit of passing the night in the city away from their arms, and if the Syracusans would come in full force
cavalry
;
:
dawn on an appointed day against their army, they would close the gates on the Athenians in their city and set fire to the ships, and the Syracusans could attack the stockade and easily take the whole army for there were many Catanaeans who would help them in this undertaking, and the men from whom he himself had come were ready now.
at
;
297
THUCYDIDES
LXV. Ol
rov
ray
kclL
e<?
Be o-Tparrjyol
iivCll
1
rwv ^vpcucoalwv,
teal
ra dXXa Oapcretv
7rl
KaTaV7JV, 6TTl<JT6V(TaV T
yjpepav ^vvOefievoL y irapeaovrcu aireareikav avrov, Kal avroL (tfSr) jap Kal twv ^vpipud^wv ILeXivovvtioi Kal aXXot rives iraprjcrav) irpoelirov TravSrjpel iraaiv i^ievai l&vpaKoaiois. iirel he krolpa avroU Kal ra t?)? irapaaKevrj^ rjv Kal al rjp,epai iv ah %vvi0VTO rj^eiv iyyvs r\aav> iropevopbevov eVl
Kardvrjs rjvXiaavro
2 rfj Aeovrivrj.
iirl
ra>
%vpai6(p
irorapiSi iv
rjaOovro avrov? re to dvaXa/36vT$ irpoa-Lovra^, arpdrevpua dirav to iavrcov Kal oo~oi SlkeXcov avrols rj aXXos Tt9
ol S' 'AOrjvalot, &>9
irpoaeXyXvOei Kal iiri/Si^do-avres iirl Ta9 vavs Kal ra irXola, vtto vvKra eirXeov eirl tcl<; "^vpa3 Kovcras. Kal oi re 'Adrjvaloi ap,a e&> ijjeftaivov 2 Kara to 'OXv p,ir telov co? arparoirehov Is to /caraXrjtyopevoi,, Kal ol lirirrjs ol ^vpatcocricov 2 Kal irpcoroL TTpoaeXdo-avTes 9 rrjv Kardvrjv alaOopuevot on rb arpdrevpa dirav dvrJKrai, diroo-TpetyavT<; dyyeXXovat roh 7Tcfo?9, Kal vp,7ravT<;
'
rjSr)
LXVI.
T779
dirorpeiTopevoL i/3oi]9ovv eirl ri)V iroXiv. 'Ei> tovto) 8' ol 'AOrjvaloi, pbaKpas oi/a-779
rjcrv)(lav Kadlaav to arpd%wplov 7rnrj$6iov Kal iv o5 /*a^9 re ap^etv epueXXov onore ftovXoivro Kal ol lrnrrj<; tS)v 4 avrovs Kal iv ra> epyep Kal ^LvpaKoaLwv tJkktt
Tevpa
irape<r/cc vdadat,
in
"
3
With
4s
E,
all
other
Uvai, deleted
-rp
by Dobree.
tV
KaTdu-qy,
Hude
corrects to
4
ttv,
KoTovp.
after faier' in
398
BOOK
LXV. And the Syracusan generals, who were already confident as to the general situation, and intended even without this help to go against Catana, trusted the fellow much too incautiously, and
at once, agreeing
upon a day on which they would him back; and themselves the Selinuntians and some others of their allies being
be there,
sent
already present made proclamation for the whole force of the Syracusans to take the field. And when their preparations were made and the days were
near on which they had agreed to come, they proceeded towards Catana and bivouacked at the River But the Simaethus in the territory of Leontini. Athenians, when they learned of their approach, took all their own army and such of the Sicels or others as had joined them, and embarking on their ships and boats sailed under cover of night against And they disembarked at daybreak at a Syracuse. the Olympieium, where they proopposite point posed to occupy a camping place; but the Syracusan horsemen, who were the first to reach Catana and found there that the whole army was gone, turned about and announced this to the infantry, and all then turned back at once and hastened to bring aid to the city. LXVI. Meanwhile the Athenians, undisturbed, as the Syracusans had a long way to go, settled their army in a suitable position, where they could begin a battle whenever they wished and the Syracusan horsemen would annoy them the least either in the
299
THUCYDIDES
irpo
avrov Xvir^aeiv*
koiX
rh,
eirl
ttj
fiev
yap Tevyia re
KoyjravTe?
teal
2 Kprj/jivoL
eyyu?
ttjv
BevBpa
eirl t<
Kal
tcareveyicovTes
OdXaaaav irapa
Tot?
iroXefiioi^,
re Ta?
AdaKcovt epvfid
XiOols
ttjv
evecfroScoTarov
ical
rjv
XoydBrjv
3
Tov^AvdirovyefyvpaveXvaav. TrapaaKeva^ofievcov
Be
i/c
Be
ol
tcov
Xvpafcocrioov
Trpoae^or\6r]aav y
varepov Kal to iretpv dirav tjvveXeyrj. Kal rr poarjXO ov fiev iyyvs tov arparevfiarof; rcov *A0r)vai<ov to TrpwTOV, eireiTa Be, oj? ovk avrieireiTa Be
]
Kal
8iaf3dvT<;
tt\v 'EtXcoplvrjv 6B6v rjvXlaavTO. y LXVII. Tfj B vcrrepaia ol 'Adrjvaloi Kal ol ^vfifia^oi irapeaKevd^ovro a>? e? fid^rjv Kal tjvverd-
gavro wBe.
l^vfifiaypi ol
TAavTivr]*;, 'AOrjvaloi Be
aXXoi.
ev
Kal to
fiev r\fiio~v
rjv,
avTol? tov
aTpaTevpuTos
oktoo, to
eirl
t$ irpoaOev
evvah
oktoo Kal tovto TeTayfievov oh ecprjTO, fj dv tov GTpaTevfiaros ti irovfj fxdXio-Ta, e<popcovTa<; Kal tou? o-Kevo(j)6pov<; evTOS tovirapayiyveaOai.
2
eTTOLijaavTO.
ol Be
^vpaKocnoi
eTa^av tou? fiev oirXiTas irdvTa<; e<j> eKKaiBeKa, 6Wa? iravBy/iel XvpaKoalovs Kal oaoL ^vfifiayoi iraprjaav (iftorfOyaav Be avTols XeXivovvTioi fiev
300
BOOK
actual fighting or before ; for on one side walls and houses and trees and a swamp furnished a barrier, on the other side a line of cliffs. They also cut down the trees near at hand and bringing them down to the sea built a stockade by the ships and at Dascon, where the place was most accessible to the enemy, they quickly erected a bulwark of
;
stones picked up in the fields and of timbers, and down the bridge over the Anapus. While they were making these preparations nobody came out from the city to hinder them; the first that came against them were the horsemen of the Syracusans, but afterwards the infantry also gathered in
pulled
full force.
they drew near the Athenian these did not come out against them, they withdrew across the Elorine road and spent the night. LXVII. On the next day the Athenians and their
at
first
And
when
preparations for battle, and were drawn On the right were the Argives and Mantineans, the Athenians had the Half of centre, the other allies the rest of the line. their army was in the van, arrayed eight deep the other half near their sleeping-places, formed in a hollow square, these too arrayed eight deep and the orders of the latter were, to be on the alert to support any part of the army that was most in disAnd the baggage-carriers they put inside tress. the body of reserves. The Syracusans, on the other hand, arranged all their hoplites sixteen deep, that is, the whole force of the Syracusans and as many of their allies as were present for they had received
allies
made
up
some reinforcements,
chiefly
THUCYDIDES
fiaXiara, eireira Be Kal TeXaxov 9 Biarcocriov*;, Kal Kafiaptvaicov
kclI
i7T7rrj<;,
to ^vpu-nav
eifcoai
Itttttj^
oaov
ro^orai a>? irevTrjKOVTa), tol? Be innreas eVerd^avro eVl t<o Be^iw, ovk eXaacov optcc? tj Bia/coGLOVS teal xiXiovs, irapa 8* avrovs teal tou9 aKOVTiaras. pbiXXovai Be to?9 AOrjvalois irpo''
Tepois irri^eipijaeiv 6 "Ni/cia? Kara re eOvt] eTnirapioiv etcetera teal ^vfiiraai rouiSe irapeiceXevero.
LXVIII. u HoXXj)
avrrj
2
fxev irapaiveaei,
co
avBpes, rl
1
avTOv
aycova;
yap f) irapaatcevr] i/cavcorepa fiou Bo/cel elvai Qapaos irapaayelv rj KaX&s Xe%devTe<; Xoyoi pera aaOevovs crrpaTOireBov. ottov yap 'Apyetot, Kal
MavTLvrjs
/cal
7ra>?
^AQ-qvaloi Kal vrjaiodTcbv ol TrpMroi ov io~p,ev, xprj pueTa TOi&vBe /cal ToaodvBe %vp,pdycov irdvra Tiva peydXrjv ttjv eXnrlBa t?)<$ vifcrjs e^cLVy aXXcos Te /cal 777309 avBpas nravBripei re dp,vvop,evov<; ical ovk diroXefcrov^ wairep /cal rjpas, Kal irpoaeTi Xo/ceXicoTas, oo virepcppovovcri p,ev f]p,as, vTrop-evovcn Be ov, Bia to ttjv eTnarijp^v
3 tt?9 to\/z?79 r)o~o~w e^eiv.
irapaaTijrco Be rivi Kal roBe, ttoXv re dirb rrjs r)p,eTepa<; avrcov elvai Kal
ovBepuia fyuXia, rjvriva
p,rj
7T/0O9 yfj
avTol pua^opevoi
Kal rovvavriov V7ropip,vrjo-K(o vpas rj KTTjcreo'Oe, ol TcoXepiiot, a<f)iaiv avrols ev olB* oti irapaKeXevovrar ol puev yap oti irepl rraTplBos eo~Tai 6 dycov,
eyco Be oti
4
ovk ev TrarpuBi, ef
ol
?^9
/3aoYa)9 diroyodpelv'
yap
iirirrj^
aovTai.
1
rrj<;
re ovv vp.eTepa<;
avTwv
rhv avrhvy
Hude changes
to roiovrw.
30a
BOOK
but next to them some cavalry from the Geloaiis, about two hundred in all, and also from the Camarinaeans about twenty horsemen and fifty bowmen. Their cavalry, which was not less than twelve hundred in number, they placed on the right, and on its flank the javelin-men. As the Athenians were on the point of beginning the attack, Nicias went along the line and exhorted them, nation by nation as well as all together, in the following
is there, soldiers, of long exhortation, when we are all here for one and the same contest ? Our array of itself seems to me more calculated to inspire confidence than well chosen words with a weak army. For where are Argives and Mantineans and Athenians and the best of the islanders, why should not everyone, in company with allies so brave and so numerous, have great hope of victory, especially against men that meet us in a mob and are not picked men as we ourselves are, and against Siceliots, moreover, who scorn us, indeed, but do not stand their ground against us, because the skill they have is not equal to their daring. This, too, must be fixed in the mind of everyone, that we are far from our own land and not near to any friendly country, unless you shall win such by And my admonition is the your own swords. opposite of the exhortation which, I am sure, the enemy is addressing to his troops ; for they urge that the contest will be for fatherland, but I remind you that it will be, not in our fatherland, but where you either must win victory or may not easily get away; for their cavalry will be upon us in great
numbers.
Be mindful,
therefore, of your
own
repu-
33
THUCYDIDES
^Sevres eirekOere tois evavriois irpoOvfiw^
dvdy/crjv /cal diropiav t)J7](7d/JLV0l TCOV 7T0Xe/uW."
/cal rr)v
irapovaav
<po,Sepa)Tepav
LXIX.
fiev Ni/a'a5
fievo? eirr/ye
to o-TparoireBov ev0v$.
cnrekrfKvdeo-av
ol Be /cal Sea
cirovBr)^ 7rpoo~f3or}0ovvT<; 8p6p,q> varept^ov fiev, a>5 Be e/caaTos 7rrj to 5 irXeioai irpocixei^ae kclQI-
gtclvto.
toX/jltj
ov yap
fiev
Br)
ovr iv ravrrj
rrj
aWa
rr)v
oo~ov
r)
eTTiarijfjLr)
avre^pi,
ftovXrjaiv
d/covres
Be
irpcorov fiev
avreirfjcrav.
ical
re \idof3o\oi, /cat
oia5
acftevBovrjrai /cal rofjorai irpovfidyovjo ical rpoirds, el/cb? yjriXov^, dWrjXcov eiroiovv eireira Be
rd
vofiityfieva /cal
01
TrarplBo^ avrt/ca fiayovfievoi ical Trjs IBia? e/cacn-05 to fiev S' evavr&v Bk to fieWov ekevdeplas, acorrjpta^,
Svpa/coaioi
fiev
irepi
re
riwv 'AOrjvaioc
ayelv
ical
fiev irepu
oiice'iav
rr)v
/3\dyjrai
ol
r)acra)fi6V0i,
'Apyeloi
Be
/cal
t&v
^vfifid^cov
avrovonoi
304
BOOK
tation,
and attack the enemy with spirit and with thought that our present necessity and the straits in which we stand are more to be feared than
the
our foes."
LXIX. After such an exhortation Nicias straightway led on his army but the Syracusans were not expecting to fight at just that moment, and some
;
of them, as the city was near them, had even gone home and these, though they came running to the lines as fast as they could, were late, and had to fall in wherever each one happened to reach the main For they were not lacking in zeal nor in body. daring either in this battle or in those which followed nay, in bravery they were not inferior to their enemies, so far as they had experience, but through their lack of experience in spite of themselves they failed to do justice to their good intentions. Nevertheless, though they did not expect the Athenians to be the first to attack, and though they were forced to defend themselves in haste, they took up their arms at once and went against them. And at first the stone-throwers and slingers and
;
bowmen skirmished, driving each other back, first one side and then the other, as light-armed troops would be likely to do. Afterwards the soothsayers brought forward the customary sacrifices and trumSo they peters stirred the hoplites to the charge. advanced the Syracusans, to fight for fatherland and every man for his own present safety and future freedom on the other side the Athenians, to fight for an alien land in order to win it for their own and to save their own land from the disaster of defeat the Argives and those of the allies that were independent, to help the Athenians in securing
305
THUCYDIDES
y
gvytCTrjcracrOai
re
tcelvoi<;
e<f)
a r)Xdov
teal
rrjv
bivdpypvaav
eiriBelv
crcpicri
iraTpLBa
vi/crjaavres
irdXiv
vtttjkoov tcov ^VfXfidycav fieyio~Tov avTL/ca dveXiricTTov acoTrjpias, r\v fir) fiev irepl Trjs to nrpoOvfiov etyov, eiretra Be iv irapepyco Kparcocri,
o
to
teal el
Tt,
viraKOvcreTcu.
LXX.
iv
X eP <TL
T *5 ?
P&XW
teal
i^X
iroXv dvrel'Xpv dXXrjXois, teal gwefir) re dfia rivas yevetrOai teal do~Tpaira<;
troXv,
cocttc
/Spovrd?
vBcop
tcai
to??
fiev
irpcoTOv
fiaxo/ievoi?
teal
iXdyicna
fiev
iroXefico
cbfitXrjreocri,
tovto
%vv-
e7rika/3e<r0at,
rod
<f>6l3ov,
to?
8'
ifiireipoTepoi^
ra
yiyvofieva icai copa eVow? irepaLveaOai Botcecv, tou? $e dv0eo~rcoTa<; troXv fiel^co etc7rXrj^Lv fir)
cocrafievcov Be tcov
2 viKCDfievov? irape^eiv.
'Apyeiwv
irpcoTOv to evcovvfiov teepas tcov %vpateoaicov koX ' fieT avTov? tcov AOrfvalcov to teaTa acpas avTOitw
teal
to aXXo cTTpaTevfia
teal eirl
tco%
cf>vyr)v tcaTecrTr}.
7roXv
tcov
yap
t7r7r?)?
Xvpatcoaicov iroXXol
teal
6We?
teal
oi Be
Xvpa-
adpoiadevTe?
306
BOOK
won
the objects for which they had come, and having victory to see again their own fatherland ; the subject-allies, above all zealous for their own immediate safety, for which there was no hope unless they conquered, then also with the secondary motive that having helped the Athenians to overthrow another power they might find the terms of their own subjection milder.
LXX. When they had come to close combat, they held out for a long time against one another ; and there chanced to occur at the same time some claps of thunder and flashes of lightning and much rain, so that this too contributed to the fear of those who were fighting for the first time and were but little conversant with war, whereas to those who were more experienced * the storm seemed of course to be due merely to the season of the year, but the fact that their antagonists were not overcome caused them far greater alarm. When, however, the Argives had first driven back the left wing of the Syracusans, and after them the Athenians had repulsed their own opponents, then the rest also of the Syracusan
line
to flight.
But
the Athenians did not pursue far for the Syracusan cavalry, being numerous and undefeated, held them in check, and falling upon their hoplites, if they saw any ahead in pursuit, drove them back. They only followed up in a body as far as it was safe, and then drew back and set up a trophy. The Syracusans, on the other hand, collecting on the Elorine road and drawing up as well as possible under the circumstances, in spite of their defeat sent some of their
i i.e.
the Athenians.
307
THUCYDIDES
irielov o/i-o)?
o~<f)cov
BelaavTes firj ol 'Adrjvaioi tcov ^prj/ndrcop a yv avroOi Kivrjdcocn, real ol Xotirol eirave^doprio-av 9
T7]V ttoXiv.
Be KOrjvalov irpbs puev rb lepbv ovk rjXOov, %vyKOjJLiGCLVTe<; Be tou9 eavTcov ve/cpovs teal cttI irvpav e7ri6evT6<; rjvXlcravTO avrov. rfj 6 drreBocrav vttorot? puev ^Zvpafcoaiois varepala
LXXI. 01
'
gttovBovs tou9 vefepovs (direQavov Be avTcov teal tcov ^v/ifid^cov 7repl e^rjKOVTd koX BiaKoaLovs), tcov Be
a(f)erep(ov rd oara dveXetjav (direQavov Be avTcov kcu tcov ^vfifid^cov o>9 irevTYjicovTci), /cal rd tcov 7ro\e/jLLQ)P ar/cvXa e^ovTes dTreirXevcrav e'9 YLardvrjv. 2 yeip,cov re yap r\v /cal tov iroXepiov avroOev iroLel-
Bvvarhv
etc
p,era7refiyjr(oaiv
avToOev ^vfi/id^cov dyelpoocnv, 07ro)9 p-r) nzavTairacnv liriroKpaTcovTai, /cal %pr)paTa Be dp,a avTo6ev re tjvXke %covt ai /cal irap WOrjvaioov eXOrj, tcov T TToXecov Tivas irpocraydycoviai, d<; rjXirt^ov p,eTa tt)v p,dyr\v pidXXov crcfrcov vira/covaecrOai, Ta Te aXXa, /cal ctitov /cal oacov Beoi, Trapaa/cevdacovTat, C09
e'9
Kovaais.
LXXII. K.al ol piev TCLVTr) ttj yvoop,y direTrXevcrav 9 Trjv Ndljov /cal KaTavrjv Bt,a)(Lp,d(7 ovtcs' XvpaKocrioi Be tol9 o~<f)Tepov<; avTcov vetcpoix;
OdyjravTes
2 ex/cXr)criav eiroiovv. koX irapeXOcov avTols E^oyLto/cpaTi]*; 6 "EppLoovos, dvi)p koX 9 TaXXa gvvecriv
ovBevos XenropLevos kcu /caTa tov iroXepLov ep,ireipia T6 l/cavbs yevopuevos real dvBpeia 7ri<j>avjj<i t iddp-
308
BOOK
own men
to the Olympieium as a guard, fearing that the Athenians might disturb some of the treasures which were there and the rest withdrew to the city. LXXI. The Athenians, however, did not go to the temple, but collecting their own dead and placing them on a pyre they passed the night where they were. But on the next day they gave back under truce the Syracusan dead, of whom and of their allies about two hundred and sixty were slain then gathering up the bones of their own dead of themselves and their allies about fifty and taking with them the spoils of the enemy, they sailed back to
;
For it was winter, and it seemed as yet (Catana. impossible to carry on the war from this base until they should send to Athens for horsemen, besides collecting them from their allies in Sicily, that they might not be altogether at the mercy of the enemy's And they wanted at the same time to colcavalry. lect money from the island itself, and to have a supply come from Athens also to bring over some of the cities, which they hoped would be more ready to listen to them since the battle and to prepare other things, both food and whatever was needed, with a view to attacking Syracuse the next
; ;
LXX 1 1. With this purpose they sailed away to Naxos and Catana to spend the winter. The Syracusans, on the other hand, after burying their own And there came before dead, called an assembly. them Hermocrates son of Hermon, a man who was in general second to none in point of intelligence, and had shown himself in this war both competent by reason of experience and conspicuous for courage.
1
spring.
vi. xxxiii.
309
THUCYDIDES
a pi re
fcal
ovk eXa
tg>
yeyevr^pbivw ivhthovar
3 tvjv fiev yap yvcoprjv avroiv ov% rjaafjcrOai, rrjv ov pevToi toctovtov ye he ara^iav ftXdtyai. Xei(f)Of]vaL b'aov etVo? elvai, ak/\,<o<; re toZ? 7rpa>T0L<;
ISiGoras
dvTaywvLorapevovs.
ical
ttjv
iroXvap^iav
he
yap
dvapylav.
tjv
oXiyoi re arparyyol yevcovrao epareipoi /cal ev tw yeiposvi tovtg) 7rapaaKvda(0(TL to ottXltlkov, ol?
T birXa
purj
ft)?
irXelaTov
kclto,
to
puev
el/cbs
dvhpeias
tcl
o-fylcriv
e?
epya irpoayevopbivrj^' yap dpcpOTepa avTa, ttjv p,ev fieTa /civhvvwv pueXeTwpbev^v, ttjv & evyfrv^iav avTrjv eavTrjs peTa tov ttlo-tov tt)?
5 eiriaTr]pr\^
OapaaXewTepav
eaeo-Qat.
tovs tg o~Tpa-
Trjyovs
/cal
eKeadai
/cal opiocrai
dp^eiv oirrj av eTTLaTcovTar ovtco yap a t KpvirTeaQai hel paXXov av GTeyeaBai KaX TaXXa KaTa
Koap.ov
/cal air po<f)ao~icrTa)<;
7rapaa/cvaadrjvaL.
310
BOOK
giving
protested against their of what had happened their it was their spirit, he told them, was not defeated lack of discipline that had done mischief. They had
been so much inferior as might have been expected, especially as they had been pitted against troops who were the foremost among the Hellenes in experience, mere tiros so to speak Much mischief had also against skilled craftsmen. been caused by the large number of the generals and the division of command for they had fifteen generals and the disorder and anarchy among the If only a few men of experience should be troops. chosen as generals, and during this winter they should get the hoplite-force ready, providing arms for those who had none, in order that the number might be as large as possible, and enforcing the general training, in all likelihood, he said, they would get the better of the enemy, if to courage, which they had already, discipline were added when it came to action. For both these things would imtheir discipline would be prove of themselves practised in the midst of dangers, and their courage,
not, however,
creased,
The generals, then, whom they should elect ought to be few in number and clothed with full powers and they should give them their oath that they would in very truth allow them to command according to their judgment for in this way whatever ought to be kept secret would be better concealed, and their preparations in general would be made in an orderly way and without evasions.
;
in proportion as their confidence in their skill inwould prove more self-reliant than ever.
3"
THUCYDIDES
oi %vpaKoo~ioi clvtov aKOvaavres re irdvra a>9 eicekeve Kal arparrjybv avrov re etXovro rbv ^Fip/jLOfcpdrrj Kal *YipaKXelBr)v rbv AvGipbdyov Kal XiKavbv rbv 'Ef^/ceo-Tow, 2 tovtovs rpels, Kal e? rrjv KopivOov Kal e? rrjv
iyjrr)(f>L(TavTO
LXXIII. Kal
AaKeSal/juova irpecrfteLS aTreareiXav, 07nu9 ff/^/wiyia re avrois irapayevrjrai Kal rbv irpb<; 'AOrjvaiovs iroXepiov fiefSauoTepov ireiOwai TroieicOai, ck tov irpofyavovs virep o~(pwv tou? AaKeBaLfiovLov?, Xva
rj
curb t?)? XiKeXuas array dywaiv avTOvs r) 7r/)o? to iv ^iKeXla arpdrevfia f)o-o~ov axfreXuav clXXtjv
inure fjLTraycnv.
1
LXXIV. To B* iv 7fi Kardvy a-rpdrevfia rcov AOrjvaicov eirXevaev evdvs inl M.eo-arjvr}v o>9 777)0Kal a fiev iirpdo-aero ovk iyevero' yap 6V aTrrjei iK rf}<; dp^f}? rjBrj
iTUo~rd/jLevo<;
BoOrjaofievrjv.
*A\Ki/3idSr]<;
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on
rot?
twv ^vpaKoaiwv
(f)l\oi<;
ovt<; iireKparovv firf Be^eo-Qai tovs 'AOrjvaiovs 2 oi ravra ftovXofievoi. rjfiepas Be fieivavTes rrepl Kal BeKa oi AOrjvaloi a>? iyeipLa^ovro Kal rpels
''
ra
ovk eiypv Kal irpov^copet ovBev, Nafoy Kal opia Kal o-Tavpco/iara irepl to aTparoireBov 7roLrjcrd/JLvot avTov Bce^ifia^ov Kal rpirjpr) a7reareiXav e? to.? 'AO/jvas iirl T xprjfiara Kal iirirea^, oVo)? d/ia ra> rjpi
i7Tt,T7]Beia
direXdovTe*; e?
irapayevwvraL.
LXXV.
'EreLXi&v Be Kal
T
Tfj
%lfJL&Vl 7T/30?
312
BOOK
LXXIII. The Syracusans, when they had heard him, voted everything as he advised, and chose three generals, Hermocrates himself, Heracleides son of Lysimachus, and Sicanus son of Execestus. They also sent envoys to Corinth and Lacedaemon to induce an allied force to join them, and to persuade the Lacedaemonians to prosecute the war with the Athenians openly in their behalf and more persistently, in order that they might either draw them away from Sicily, or else to some extent prevent their sending reinforcements to their army in Sicily. LXXIV. The Athenian army at Catana, directly after its return, 1 sailed to Messene, in the hope that it would be But the negotiations betrayed to them. were not successful. For as soon as Alcibiades left his command under summons from home, knowing that he would be an exile, he gave information of the plot, of which he was cognizant, to the friends of the Syracusans at Messene these had previously put the conspirators to death, and at this time, when the Athenians arrived, those who were of this faction,
;
being already in revolt and under arms, were strong to prevent their admission. So the Athenians stayed there about thirteen days, and as they were vexed by storms and without provisions and
enough
were making no progress at all, they retired to Naxos, and constructing dock-yards and building stockades round their camp, went into winterquarters there. They also sent a trireme to Athens for money and cavalry, that these might be on hand at the opening of spring.
LXXV. During this winter the Syracusans also proceeded to build a wall next to the city, along
1
VOL.
III.
3*3
THUCYDIDES
irapa irav to 7rpo? ra9 &Tn7roXa9 6p(ov, o7Tft)9 firj oV e\daaovo<; evairoTeiyiaTOi waiv, rjv dpa a^aXkwvrat, koi ra Meyapa cf)povTroirjadfievot, ret%o?
piov kcu ev
2
tw *0\v-fnTieiG) a\Xo'
fj
ical t^i>
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teal
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a7ro/3ao-e*9 rjcrav.
7^9 aVTG)V
T/jLOV
tCdl
rfj Nafco ^eipd^ovra^ ttjv Kardv^v, icai rr}? T<*9 TWV 'A07)VaLQ)V
(Tfcr)va<; kcu to arparoireSov epbirprjaavje^ a^e^cokcu irvvOavopievoL toi>9 'Adrjvai3 prjcrav eV oi/cov.
Of9 9
t^
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rrjv
eirl
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avroi'
kcu,
yap V7T07TTOI CLVTols 01 KcLfAClplValoi, pLT) TTpOOvpw? G$iai fJLrjT eirl tt)V Trpcorrjv fid^rjv irefiyfraL a eirepb^av, 69 re to Xoitrbv [xrj ov/ceri fiouXcovTai
dpvveiv, opebvres tol9 *A6r]vaiov^ ev
ttj
pid^V *v
rrjv irpo-
TTpd^avrw;, TTpoaytopoicri
4
8'
XvpaKovcrwv 'YLpp.OKpdiov<;
dWcov
69
ttjv
Kapdpivav, dirb he
KapLapivaicov
'
yevopevov
rcov
7rpoSia/3d\\eiv
rom
rcov
LXXVI.
*
"
a>
Ov
tt)v
irapovaav
fir)
hvvapuv
A6r]vai(t)v
KapLapcvalot,
avTtjv KarairXa-
JU
BOOK
Temenites precinct, 1 in order that, in case of a possible reverse, they might not be so easily shut in as if the circuit of the town were smaller; and they also put a garrison at Megara and another at the Olympieium, and fixed palisades on the sea-shore at all points where landings were possible. And knowing that the Athenians were wintering at
Naxos, they went out with all their forces against Catana and ravaged some of its territory, then having set fire to the tents and the camp of the Athenians they returned home. Moreover, on learning that the Athenians had, in accordance with an alliance concluded with the Camarinaeans in the time of 2 Laches, sent envoys to these, in the hope that they might win them to their side, they themsent a counter-embassy ; for they had suspicions that the Camarinaeans had not been zealous in sending such help as they had sent for the first battle, and might not wish to aid them in future, seeing that the Athenians had fared well in the
selves
fight, but might rather be induced, on the plea of their former friendship, to go over to the Athenians.
others had arfrom Syracuse, and from the Athenians Euphemus and the rest, an assembly of the Camarinaeans was held and Hermocrates, wishing to prejudice them against the Athenians, spoke as follows LXXVI. " We have come on this embassy, men of Camarina, not because we feared that you will be
Accordingly,
rived at Camarina
1 The temple of Apollo Temenites and the suburb which had grown up about it, the later Neapolis.
427 b.o.
cj.
in. lxxxvi. 2.
315
THUCYDIDES
yijre
Belaavres errpea^evadfieda, dXXa fiaXXov tous fieXXovras air' avrcov Xoyovs, rrpiv ri kcli
fir)
2 r)fiwv dteovaat,
e'9
vfia<;
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rrjv
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fjv
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teal fioi
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r)fia<;
ov Aeovrivov? ftovXeaOai
tcaroitcicrai,
Br)
a)OC
rd<;
fiaXXov e^ouciaai*
i/cel
ov yap
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ra<;
fiev
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ivOdBe
Xa\/a8eW ovrwv
tov?
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ev
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rrj
3 e%eti>.
evyov
teal
ra
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etcovTcov
vvv irecpcjvrar
yap
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twv re
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oaoi diro
a(f>cov t)crav
l^vfifiayoi a)?
iirl
fiev
Xnroo-rpariav, tol>9 Be iir dXXrjXov<; arpareveiv, to?9 8' a>9 e/edo-TOis rivd el^ov alriav evTrpeirr) teal ov irepl rfj/i 4 eireveytcovres /career pe^avro.
oi
tw
fir)
Be oi fiev acfyiaiv
oi
8'
dXXa
eirl
LXX
Br) rr)v
r<av 'AOrjvaicov
evtcarrjyoprjrov
r)tcofiV
dirofya-
$'6
BOOK
dismayed by the presence of the Athenian force, but rather through fear of the words that are going to be said on their part, lest these persuade you before you hear anything from us. For they are come to Sicily on the pretext that you hear, but with the design that we all suspect and to me they seem
;
to wish, not to resettle the Leontines, but rather to unsettle us. For surely it is not reasonable to suppose that, while desolating the cities in their own country, they are resettling the cities of Sicily,
and that they care for the Leontines, on the score of kinship, as being Chalcidians, while holding in slavery the Chalcidians in Euboea, of whom these are colonists. Nay, one and the same design has guided them in acquiring their possessions over there and is now guiding them in their endeavour to after they had become acquire possessions here
:
by the free choice of their associates, both of the lonians and of all those, descendants of the Ionians, who were members of the alliance that was
leaders,
concluded, avowedly, for revenge upon the Persians, they charged some with refusal to serve, others with warring upon one another, others with whatever specious charge they had at hand, and so reduced them to subjection. And so, after all, it was not for ' freedom that they withstood the Persians, neither the Athenians to win it for the Hellenes nor the Hellenes to win it for themselves, but they fought for the enslavement of the rest to themselves, and the Hellenes for a change of master, not to one more unwise, but more wickedly wise. LXXVII. " But we are not come now, easy though it be to denounce the Athenian state, to declare
'
before those
who know
already
its
mis-
317
THUCYDIDES
vovvres iv elBoaiv oaa ahucel, ttoXv Be /xaXXov
fjfias
on
go?
e^ovre?
VVV
irapaBeiyfiaTa
TCLVTCL
aVTols,
KCU
7)[JLa<;
irapovra
o~o<f>lo~fiaTa t
AeovTivwv
re
tjuyyevwv
ov
aurot?
Tiov
on
ovk
"Ia)i>e?
'EiXXr)(T7r6vrj
tcai
V7](ri(OTai,
ot
ye iiva
alel
fieTafiaXXovTes
oIkovvt<;.
rj MijBov BovXovvrai,
eva
dXXa
av
avrovopuov
rj
rrj?
YleXoirov-
XtKeXlav
/xevofiev ea>?
efcaaroi
Kara
avrov?
l*ev
iirl
tovto
i)/jlcov
Xoyois
Buardvaiy
7T/?o?
aXXrjXovs, tovs Be
e/cdarots ri irpocnjves
dirco0ev ^vvolkov 7rpoa7roXXv/.ievov ov kcu e? avrov riva rfeeiv ro Beivov, nrpo Be avrov fiaXXov rbv
7rao-%oi/Ta Ka6" eavrbv Bvarv^elv;
LXXVIII.
*%vpatcoo~LOv,
vaito,
"
Kal
i rep
o
dpa
eavrbv
yu% kivBvfiaXXov, iv
Xa(p Be Kal t?}? eavrov dfxa iv rj} ififj pxLyov^evo? t Toaovra) Be Kal d<rc\>aXearepov oaco ov 7rpoBie<p0ap'
318
BOOK
deeds
;
though we have warning examples in the way that the Hellenes over there have been enslaved because they would not defend one another, and though the same sophisms are now practised upon us restorings of Leontine kinsmen and succourings of Egestaean we are unwilling to combine together and allies with more spirit show them that here are not Ionians nor yet Hellespontines and islanders, who are always taking some new master, Persian or whoever it may be, and continue in a state of slavery, but Dorians, free men sprung from independent Peloponnesus, and now dwelling in Sicily. Or are we waiting until we shall be taken one at a time, city by city, when we know that in this way only can we be conquered, and when we see them resorting to this
endeavouring to cause division among some means of cunning words, to set others at war one with another by the hope of obtaining allies, and to ruin others in whatever way they can by saying something alluring to each ? And do we think that, when a distant compatriot perishes before us, the same danger will not come also to ourselves, but rather that whoever before us meets with disaster merely incurs misfortune by himself alone ? LXXVII I. "And if the thought has occurred to anyone that it is the Syracusans, not himself, who are enemies to the Athenians, and thinks it preposterous that he should incur danger for our country, let him reflect that it will not be chiefly for our country, but equally for his own at the same time that he will fight in our land, and with the greater safety, too, inasmuch as he will enter the contest, not when we have already been ruined,
policy,
of us by
3i9
THUCYDIDES
fievov
4/jlov,
eyav
dycovielrai, rov re
rrjv
Adrjvalov
fir)
rr)v
rov %vpa-
rfj
8'
2 (3ov\<T0ai.
(dficfrorepa
cfriXiav el re
ov%
rjacrov
ns
(f>6ovel fiev
rj
/cal
(froftelrai
yap rdBe
rrdo"yei
ra
fiel^co),
Bid Be
avra
rrepiyeveadai Be eve/ca rr)<; dv6pwirlvr)^ Bwdfiecos fiovov yap olov re dpa t% re eiuOvX-qaiv eXiri^ei. /cal rr)<; rvyr}<$ rov avrov 6p,ol(o<; rapiav /j.ia<z
viadcofiev, ftovXerai,
avrov dafyaXelas,
3 yeveadai.
/carcois
dpdproi, rots avrov Ta^' dv icrcos ko\ to?? epois dyaQols Trore ftovXrjdeir) av6v<; (j)6ovr)aac. dBvvarov Be irpoepevw /cal fir) rovs avrov<; /civBvvovs, ov irepl ra>v bvofidrwv dXXd wepi rwv epywv,
/cal
el yvcofirj
6\o(j)vp0el<;
eOeXrjaavri TrpoaXafielv Xoyo* fiev yap rrjv r)fierepav Bvvapav acp^ov dv ri<>, epyw Be rrjv avrov awrqpiav. /cal fidXiara el/cbs r)v v/ads, &> Kafiapivaloi, bfibpovs ovra<$ koX ra Bevrepa /civBvvevarovras, irpoopdoOai
avra
/cal pur)
paXa/coos
cbcrirep
%vfLp,ayelv, avrovs Be irpbs r)pd<$ pdXXov lovras, airep, el e? rrjv Kafiapivaiav irpcprov dcj)LKOVTO ol AOrjvaloi, Beopevoi dv eire/caXeZaOe, ravra e/c rov bpolov /cal vvv irapa/ceXevopevovs, dXX* ovO' oVo)? firjBev evBcoaofiev, (palveaOac. ravra tto) ov0 ol aXXoi errl vvv ye vfiecs wpprjaOe. LXXIX. " AetXla Be laa)<; to Bi/caiov rrpb^ re fjpa? Kai irpbs tou? einovra^ Oepawevaere, Xeyovre?
'
J 1
vvv
ipv/ios,
1
and Hude to
iprj^ov of
320
BOOK
and not isolated himself, but having us as allies and that the object of the Athenians is not to punish the enmity of the Syracusans, but having us as a
;
make your friendship still more secure. If, moreover, anyone is envious, or even afraid of us for greater states are exposed to both these and for this reason wishes that the Syrapassions cusans shall be humbled, indeed, in order that we may be sobered, but shall survive for the sake of his own safety, he indulges a wish that is not within human power to attain. For it is not possible for the same person to be in like measure the controller and if he should of his own desires and of Fortune err in judgment, when he has to lament his own ills he may perhaps some day wish once more to become envious of our good fortune. But that will be impossible, if he abandons us and does not consent to incur the same dangers, which are not about names but about facts for though nominally a man would be preserving our power, in fact he would be securing his own safety. And most of all it were fitting that you, men of Camarina, who are on our borders and will incur danger next, should have foreseen these things and not be, as now, slack in your alliance, but rather should have come to us of yourselves, and just as you, in case the Athenians had come against Camarina first, would be calling upon us and begging us not to yield an inch, so should you be seen in like manner now also using the same But neither you, so far at least, nor exhortation. the rest have bestirred yourselves for this. LXXIX. " But through timidity, perhaps, you will make much of the point of right as between us and
pretext to
'
'
32
THUCYDIDES
eirl
<'
^vyupuayiav elvai v/jllv 7T/oo? 'AOrjvaiovr r\v ye ovk tois (piXois irroirjaaode, rcov Be e^Opcov rjv tis
v/ids
L7j,
zeal Tot?
fir)
V7r'
aXXcov, Kal
dBiKCjaiv, 7T6t
tjvy/caToiKLeKelvoL fiev rb epyov rod KaXov BiKacoofiaTos vTroTrrevovres dXoycos cuxppovovaiv, v/iels 8' evXoya) nrpo^daei rovs fiev cpvaec jroXe-
Beivbv
el
fiiovs
en
/idXXov
cfrvaei
aXX*
BUaLOv, d/ivveiv Be Kal fir) ^ojSelaOai rr/v irapaaKevr/v avrcov ov yap, r/v r)fieZ<; jjvarw/iev iravjeSy Beivr) eoTiv, aX)C r/v, oirep ovtol airevov
Bovai, rdvavria Biao tw /iev, iirel ovBe
77-/009
r)/ia<;
fiovovs eXOovres Kal fid%r) irepiyevo/ievoi eirpa^av a eflovXovro, airrfkOov Be Bid rd^ov^,
LXXX.
d6v/ielv, levai Be e? rr)v %v/i/iaXLav Trpodv/iorepov, aXXws re Kal drrb HeXoTrovvrjcrov irapeao/ievr)^
(jifyeXias,
o'l
TToXe/jiia'
Kal
fiev
eKelvrjv rr)v
eivai,
tw
r)/MV
tcrrjv
Kal
d/JL<f)OTepa)v
ovras f v/i/id^ov^
2 ftor/Oelv.
ov yap epyro
1
i.
toiKuwrai
is
to be understood.
xi.
For similar
ellipses, cj.
lxxviii.
10; n.
34; vn.
lxix. 3.
322
BOOK
the invaders, alleging that you have an alliance with the Athenians. That alliance, however, you made, not against your friends, but in the event of any of your enemies attacking you and you were to aid the Athenians only when they were wronged l by others, and not when, as now, they are themselves wronging their neighbours. Why, not even the Rhegians, themselves Chalcidians, are willing to help to restore the Leontines who are Chalcidians. And it is monstrous if they, suspicious of what this fine plea of right really means in practice, are un2 while you, on a speciously reasonably prudent, reasonable pretext, desire to aid those who by nature are your enemies, and in concert with your bitterest foes to ruin those who by a still closer tie of nature are your kinsmen. 3 but Nay, that is not right it is right to aid us and not be afraid of their For if we all stand together, it is armament. not formidable. The only danger is and this is that we may stand just what they are eager for opposed to each other for not even when they came against us alone and proved superior in battle did
;
;
they effect what they wished, but quickly went away. LXXX. " So then, if only we be united, we have reason not to be disheartened, but rather to enter into the proposed alliance more heartily, especially as aid is sure to come from the Peloponnesians, who are altogether superior to these people in matters of war. And no one should regard as fair to us, while safe for you, that prudent course of yours to aid
Indeed neither, forsooth, as being allies of both. it is not as fair in fact, as when urged to justify
2
i.e.
As Dorians and
323
THUCYDIDES
eariv.
el
yap oV
vp,a<i prj
^vppaxwavra<;
fiev
o Te
aXXo
r)
ao)6r]vai, tovs Be
yeveaOai; Kairoi KaXXtov rot? aBiKOvpivot? Kal dpa ^vyyevko~i 7rpoa6ep,6vov<; rrjv re koivtjv oxpeXtav tt}
'
ovk rjpvvare
tca/covs
XitceXia
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real
tou<?
Adrjvalovs (piXov?
Brj
ovras "
p>r)
eaaai ap,apretv.
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re Xeyopuev ol %vpaKoo~ioi ifcBiSdovBev p,ev epyov elvau aafy&s ovre u/xa? ovre tovs aXXov? irepl o)v avrol ovBev yelpov yiyvoaa/eere' 8e6p,e0a
Treiaopuev,
Hf veXovre?
oil
eTriftovXevopeOa
Ka\
el
Karaai pk-tyovrai
r\pa? 'AOrjvaloi,
tw ' p,ev vperepaiq yvcopav; avrayv ovopuari TipbrjOrjaovrai, koX rrj<; vIktj? ovk aXXov tlvcl ddXov rj rbv rr)v I'Iktjv irapao-yovra
Kpar7)aovo~i,
Xrj-tyovTai'
Kal
el
av
rjpels
irepieaopeOa,
ti)s
vcfre-
npwpiav
rjBr)
r)
aKOirelre
clkivBiivcos
ovv
Kal
alpelaOe
r)
rrjv
avTLKa
pe6*
Kal rrjv
BovXeiav
p,r)
kclv
irepiyevopevot
r)p,cdv
rovo~Be re
7T/90? r)pa<;
eyQpav
av ^pa^elav yevo-
fievrjv 8ia(j)vyelv"
LXXXI. Toiavra
3*4
BOOK
1
you.
allies
For if through your failure to take sides as the sufferer shall be defeated and the con-
queror shall prevail, what else have you done by this selfsame standing aloof but refused to aid the one to secure his salvation and to prevent the other from incurring guilt ? And yet it were more honourable for you, by siding with those who are being 2 wronged and are at the same time your kinsmen, at once to guard the common interest of Sicily and not suffer the Athenians, seeing that they are your ' good friends/ to make a serious mistake. " Summing up, then, we Syracusans say that it is no hard matter to demonstrate, either to you or to others, what you yourselves know as well as we but we do entreat you, and at the same time we protest, if we fail to persuade you, that while we are plotted 3 against by Ionians, our inveterate enemies, we are betrayed by you, Dorians by Dorians. And if the Athenians shall subdue us, it is by your decisions that they will prevail, but it is in their own name that they will be honoured, and the prize of victory they will take will be none other than those who procured them the victory if, on the other hand, we shall conquer, you also will have to pay the penalty of being the cause of our perils. Reflect, therefore, and choose here and now, either immediate slavery with no danger or, if you join us and prevail, the chance of not having to take, with disgrace, these
;
men
as masters, and also, as regards us, of escaping an enmity that would not be transitory." LXXXI. Such was the speech of Hermocrates
;
THUCYDIDES
y
8*
JLvcf)T)fji,os
tS)V
AOi]vai(ov
Trpeo-fievTrjs
/jlct*
Acpizcb/ieOa fxev eirl tt}? irpbrepov OVO-7}? gv/JL/JLCLXLaS avai(ii(T6L, TOV Be %VpaK0(TL0V
2 co? elfcoTco^i 6%0/jLev.
zeaOatyapievov dvdyzeij zeal irepl t>}? dp^f}? elirelv to fiev ovv /xeyiarov fiaprv-
piov auTo? elirev, on ol "leaves alel irore iroXep,ioi rot? ^(opievaiv elcriv. rjfiels e%6 Be zeal oi/tco?.
yap
"leoves
oWe?
1
irXeioaiv overt
3 Tpoirep
rjKLCTTa
viraKOverofieOa'
fierd
ra
kov fiaXXov
ti ezceivovs
iirirdaaeiv, irXrjV zcaO' bcrov ev tco irapbvTi puel^ov 2 io~%vov, avrol Be rdv virb j3acn\el irpbrepov bvtcov r)yep,bv<z zearaardvre^ olzeovfiev, vofiicravre ; y\kictt av V7rb Tie\oiTOvv7]CTLOL<i 01/Tco? elvai, Bvvap,iv
1
e%oz/T?
17
to
dzepi(3e<;
v
elirelv
ovBe
tou? re
Icoi/a? zeal
vrjoicoras, ou? %vyyevel$ $aaiv ovras rjjias Zvpa4 zcbaiot, BeBovXtaaOai. rjXOov yap eirl rr\v /jLrjrpb-
iroXiv
i(f>'
rjfxas
aav diroardvre^
Xovto
zeal f)jMV
to, olzeeia cf)deipai, coairep r)/net<i ezeXnrbvre<i rr/v irbXiv, BovXelav Be avrol re e/3ov-
rb avrb eireveyzeelv.
avrol,
Hude emends
to avrSvofitt.
326
BOOK
after
VI. lxxxi.-lxxxii. 4
spoke as follows
LXXXII.
"We
for the
renewal
of the alliance l which formerly existed, but as the Syracusan has attacked us it is necessary to speak also about our empire, showing how rightly we Now the strongest proof of this the speaker hold it. himself stated that Ionians have always been enemies to the Dorians. It is even so. Accordingly, we, being Ionians, considered in what way we should be least subject to the Peloponnesians who are
Dorians and not only more numerous than we but our near neighbours. 2 And after the Persian wars we acquired a fleet and rid ourselves of the rule and supremacy of the Lacedaemonians, it being not in any way more fitting that they give orders to us than we to them, except in so far as they at the time were
Having, then, ourselves become leaders of before subject to the King, we so continue, thinking that we should in this way be least subject to the Peloponnesians, because we have power And to say the with which to defend ourselves. exact truth, not unjustly, either, did we subdue both the Ionians and the islanders, whom the Syracusans say we have enslaved though they are our kinsmen. For they came against us, their mother-city, along with the Persians, and had not the courage to revolt and sacrifice their homes, as we did when we abandoned our city, but chose slavery for themselves and wished to impose the same condition upon us.
stronger.
those
who were
cf. ch. lxxv. 3. Or, retaining avrup, "For we, being Ionians in the eyes of Peloponnesians who are Dorians, not only more numerous than we but also our near neighbours, considered in what way we shovld be least subject to them."
2
37
Trapea^o/jieOa e? toi? "RWrjvas, ical BlOTl KCU TO> M^oVt) 6TOL/.lO)<i TOVTO Bp(OVTS OVTOL
(fxiaiarov
rj/j,a<; eftXairrov, d/xa Be rr)? 7r/oo? UeXoirovvrjaLovs 2 tV%uo? opeyofxevoi. ical ov teaXkLeirovLLeda a>9 rj
fV
ekevOepia
re
/ecu
rfj
rfj
rwvBe pidWov
rj
rcov %vfjLirdv-
tcov
r}/jLTpa
avTcov KivBvvevaavres.
vvv
rfj? rj/jberepas
da$a\eia<;
eveica ical
ical vllZv
ravra
3 !jvp,(f)povTCi'
ftaWovai
Xoyov
fidXiara
eirl
to cfroftepcorepov
n
ttj
to irapavrifca TepTro/jievovs,
B* ey^eiprjo-ei varepov rd ^vfi^epovra irpdaaovras. 4 rrjv r yap i/ceZ dpyr)v elpi^Kajxev Bid Bios eyeiv
teal
rjiceiv
dac^aXax; KaracrTrjaofMevoi,
litj
zeal
ov BovXcoaojievoi,
ovBev 7rpoo~-
LXXXIV.
fjtcov
"
TiroXd^rj Be
firjBelg o>9
yvovs ore a^oiievoDv vjjl&v icai Bid to fir) daOeveZ? ovra*; dvre^eiv v/icis 2,vpafcoo~LOL<; r)a<Tov av tovtcov ire LLijrdvTCQV Tivd
u/jlwv
/cr)86fjL0a,
Bvva/juv YleXarovvqaioLs
2 iv Tovrq)
7rpoo"t]KT
i)fieZ^
fiXaiTTOifieOa.
koX
-rjBr)
i)llZv
rd
lueyia-Ta.
6Y
328
BOOK
LXXXIII. "We have dominion, therefore, both because we are worthy of it seeing that we furnished the largest fleet and unhesitating zeal toward the Hellenes, and that they, readily taking the course they did in the interest of the Persians, were doing us harm and at the same time because we aimed at strength with which to resist the Peloponnesians. And we do not say in fine phrases that we deserve to rule either because we alone overthrew the Barbarian or because we incurred danger for the liberty of these men more than for that of all the Hellenes, including our own. But no one can be reproached because he
makes provision
security we have come here also, we see that your interests also are the same as And this we prove to you both from these ours.
for the sake of our
own
men's calumnies and from those suspicions of yours which most tend to undue alarm, because we know
who are suspicious through excessive Fear may indeed take delight for the moment in seductive speech, but afterwards when it comes to action conFor just as we have said sult their own interests. that we hold our dominion over there because of fear, so we say that for the same reason we have
that those
friends to place your on a footing of safety for us, and not to enslave you, but rather to prevent your being enslaved. LXXXIV. "And let no one object that we are let solicitous for you when it does not concern us him reflect that, if you are preserved and by not being weak are able to offer resistance to the Syracusans, we should be less liable to injury through
affairs
;
their
And
sending a force to aid the Peloponnesians. herein you become at once our chief concern
3*9
THUCYDIDES
oirep /cal roi>? Aeovrlvov?
v7T7jk6ov<;
evXoyov
Karoi/cL^eiv,
firj
Sxrirep tol?
009
gwyyeveis
avrcov tou? iv
etc
Eu/3o/a,
aXV
Bwarcordrov^, Xva
tt}?
<r<f>e-
repas
3 coatv.
ofiopoi 6We<? rolaBe vnrep tj/awv Xvirripol ra /xev yap ifcel /cal avrol dp/covfiev 7r/x>?
tovs
(prjai
7ro\efiLov<;, /cal 6
tjvp,(f)opo$
airapacricevos
Be
wv
/cal
icai
xprjfiara
koi pbvov (pepwv, ol aXXoc <f>ikoi ore pdXiara avrovofiovfievoi. LXXXV. " 'AvBpl Be rvpdvvw rj iroXei dpxh v
6 Tl
ra
ivOdBe
AeovrtvoL
lyovari ovBev aXoyov 6 ri ^v/ji(f>epov ovB' ol/cetov e/CaVTa 8k Bel 7} iy6 pOV T) pLT) TTHTTOV TTpOS
]
77/xa?
tovto
/ca/cd)acop,ev,
p(o/jbrjv
dXX*
tou?
rjv
ol
i^Opol
rrjv
tcov (piXcov
2 dBvvarot
waiv.
diriarelv
Be
ov XPV'
KaL 7^/
fieda,
Xtou?
fxev icai
avrovo/jLovs,
repov
(j>opa,
Blotl iv xcopioiq eTTiicaipois elal nrepl rrjv IleXo3 irovvrja-ov. were koX rdvOdBe etVo? 737305 to
XvcnreXovv
/cat,
tca0Lo-Tao-0cu.
dp^r)?
yap
icfrUvTai
vficav
icai
33
BOOK
For this very cause, too, it is reasonable that we should restore the Leontines, so that they shall not be subjects like their kinsmen in Euboea, but shall be as powerful as possible, in order that, bordering as they do on the Syracusans, they may from their own territory be troublesome to these in our behalf. For as to matters in Hellas, we by ourselves are a match for our enemies, and in regard to the Chal-
whom he says we are inconsistent in freeing here after enslaving them at home, it is to our interest that they should possess no armament and but as to matters should contribute money only here, it is to our interest that both the Leontines and our other friends should enjoy the fullest measure of
cidians,
;
independence.
an autocrat or an imperial city inconsistent which is to its interest, nor is anyone a kinsman who cannot be trusted in every case one must be enemy or friend according to And in Sicily it is to our advantage, circumstances. not that we should weaken our friends, but that our enemies should be powerless because of the strength And you must not mistrust us for of our friends. we lead our allies in Hellas as they are each useful to us the Chians and Methymnaeans as indepenthe dent, on the condition of furnishing ships
nothing
is
; ;
: ;
LXXXV. "To
majority on more compulsory terms, with payment of tribute in money ; others, though islanders and easy to be reduced, on terms of absolute freedom as our allies, because they occupy strategic positions along the coast of the Peloponnese. So that it is natural that matters here also should be ordered with an eye to our advantage, and, as we say, with reference to our fear of the Syracusans. For they aim at
331
THUCYDIDES
ftovkovrai eVl
VTTOTTTCd, (3iq
T}
rq>
r)peTep(p
%vaTr\aavTe<s
vfias
dlTpdfCTCOV Tj/JLCOV direXOovTWV, avTol dp^ai tt)? Xt/eeXta?. dvdytcr) Be, rjv %v<TTr}76 777)09 auroiV ovre yap ffplv ert
iprjfjLLCLV,
KCM KCLT
e'9
ev
^varaaa evpeTayelrjficov
purj
daOeveU av
irapovTwv
clvto
vpd<; elev.
'"
LXXXVI.
Kal
0T(p
ravra
firj
Borcet,
to epyov iXey%ei. to yap irporepov rjp,a<; eir7}ydyea6e ovk aXXov tlvcl irpocreiovTes $6j3ov 77,
el irepiO'^ropeOa vp.a$ 2 aOai, OTi KaX avTol
virb
%vpa/coo-Loi<>
/cal
yeve-
KivBvvevaopLev.
vvv
ov BiKaiov, (pirep
ical
77/xa? rj^tovTe
Xoyw
ireideiv,
777)09
ov&
viroirTeveadai, ttoXv
rjp,el<;
p,ev
ye
oi!>Te
e\xpelvai BvvaTol
puevoi Katcol
pur]
p,e0* v/jlwv,
et T real
yevo-
Bid
pLTjicos
ov o~TpaT07reBa), iroXei Be pel^ovi 7-779 rj/meTepas Trapovo~ia<; eiroucovvTes vpXv alei T e7n/3ovXevovai
/cal,
OTav teatpbv
Xdftcoo-LP ercdaTov,
rjBr} /cal
ovk dvidaiv
{eBei^av Be teal
aXXa
1 In 427 B.C., when Camarina stood with the Leontines and other Chalcidians against Syracuse cf. in. lxxxvi. 2. 3 i.e. with infantry and cavalry, our forces being purely
;
naval.
33 2
BOOK
dominion over you, and wish, after uniting you with themselves on the ground of your suspicion of us, then by force, or because of your isolation when we shall have gone away unsuccessful, themselves to rule
Sicily.
And
that
is
sure to happen
if
for neither will so great a force, if once combined, be any longer easy for us to handle, nor would the Syracusans lack strength to deal with you if we
;
them
LXXXVI. "And if there be anyone who does not accept this view, that which has taken place will For you brought us over itself prove his error. 1 before, flaunting in our faces no other terror but this, that we ourselves should be in danger if we should permit you to come under the power of the And it is not right for you now to Syracusans. distrust the very argument by which you thought it right to persuade us then, nor to be suspicious because we are present with a force out of all proportion to the strength of the Syracusans far more should you distrust them. We certainly are not able and to maintain ourselves in Sicily without you even if we should prove false and subdue Sicily, we should be unable to hold it on account of the length of the voyage and the difficulty of guarding cities that are as large and well equipped as continental cities 2 whereas these Syracusans, in hostile proximity to you, not with a mere army in the field, but a city greater than our present force, are always plotting
; ;
;
and whenever they get an opportunity singly, do not let it slip, as they have shown several times already and especially in their dealings with the Leontines and now they
;
make bold
wko seek
to
333
THUCYDIDES
avexovra? ryv ^ifceXiav fi&xpi rovBe /jltj vir avrovs elvai irapaicaXeZv v/ias co? dvaiaOrjTovs.
5 iroXv
Be
eirl
aXrjOearepav ye
t
avTLirapaKaXovp,ev Beofievoi
rrjv
dXXrjXwv
rolaBe
6TOL/JL7JV
aficfroTepois
p,rj
irpoBiBovai, vofiiaai re
alel
icj>'
fiev
BiO,
Kal dvev TO
gv/xfidxcov
e\vCLl
tyza?
8'
01)
ItXyjOoS
686v,
VfJLLV
dpbvvacrOar fjv el t&> vttotttcp rj dirpatcrov edaere direXOelv rj koX a<paXe2aav, en ftovXrjGeaOe teal 7roXXoarbv fiopiov avrrjs IBelv, ore ovBev en ire-
LXXXVIT. "'A\\a
6
firjre
vpeh,
go
Kapapivatoc,
aXXor irepl wv
vTrofivr)-
aavres
ra>v
d^icoaofjuev irelOeiv.
fyaptev
yap dp\eiv
fiev
etcel,
Be tcl
Xva pj) vTraKOvcopiev aXXov, eXevOepovv evOdBe, 6Vci)? prj vir avrcdv /3Xa7TTO)juLe0a,
8'
TroXXa
dvayKa^eadav irpdaGeiv,
(pvXacrao/JLeOa, ^vp^p^aypi Be real vvv teal irporepov to?? evOdBe vpufov dBiKovp,evoL<; ov/c atcXrjTOi, irapa3 tcXr)9evTe<; Be i)Keiv,
teal vpLel<; pirjO^ &>?
BiKaaral
yevofievoi
twv
1
rjpbtv
re,
Hude
in a
ii.
is used irpd.tr a civ, as well as iroKvirpayixoavvn below, good sense, characterizing the policy of the Athenians at their acme, as described by Pericles in the funeral oration,
1
iroAAa
40, 41.
334
BOOK
prevent these things and who up to this time have kept Sicily from being under their dominion, as though you were without sense. But it is to a safety far more real that we in our turn invite you, begging you not to throw away that safety which we both derive from one another and to consider that for them, even without allies, the way is always open against you because of their numbers, whereas for you the opportunity will not often present itself to defend yourselves with the help of so great an
;
auxiliary force.
But
plished, or, worse still, defeated, you will hereafter wish that you could see even the merest fraction of it when its presence will no longer avail you aught. LXXXVI I. "Nay, be not moved, men of Camarina, either you or the other peoples of Sicily, by the calumnies of these men. We have told you the whole truth concerning the matters of which we are
guard against; and we come as allies, now as before, to those of you here who are wronged, not uninvited, but by your express invitation. And do not you, by constituting yourselves either judges of our conduct or by tutoring us in moderation 2 a hard task at
expect to convince you. We say, namely, that we hold sway over the cities in Hellas in order that we may not have to obey some other power, but that we are trying to free those here, in order that we may not be injured by them. We are obliged to be active in many matters, 1 because we have many dangers to
suspected, and now again briefly recalling to your minds the chief points of our argument, we fully
471 a tvjxzvws
; cf. Plato, Rep. ovk tt\ SovXflq Ko\dovTes, ou5' iir' oktdpcp, auxppovioraX ovrcs, ov 7ro\4fjiioi. ;
<roo(ppoviaTai as in
m.
lxv. 3
vin. xlviii. 6
crootppoviovaiv,
335
THUCYDIDES
vio-rai, o -^aXeirov
i]Sr),
oaov Be ti
KCLL
TpOTTOV TO CLVTO ^V/JLcfcipei, TOVTG) diro\aj36vTe^ XprjaaaOe, Kal vopiacne lit) irdvra^ iv law j3\dirreiv avrd, tto\v Be 7r\etou? r&v 'RXXrjvwv Kal 4 axpeXelv. iv iravrl yap 7ra? ^wpiw, tcdv (p fir) vitdpyopev, o re ol6jjLVO<z dBiKiqcreaOai Kal 6 im1 vireZvcu eXirlBa rep ftovXevcov Bid to eroL/jLrjv
iiriKOvpias d<j> r)pcov, tw Si, el dBeel elvat KtvBvveveiv, dpcporepoi dvayfcd&vTdL 6 fiev a/ccov aaxfrpovecv, 6 8' dirpay5 p,6vco<; aoj^ecrOat. ravrrjv ovv rr)v kolvtjv t<o t Beopev(p Kal vpuv vvv irapovaav aafydXeiav pbrj
fiev
dvTiTV)(elv
/Mi]
rj%0[i6Vy
rjficov
dirdiarjaOe, dXX* i^acoo-avre^ Tot? aXXois p,e0' tols ^vpcucoo-iois, dvrlrov alel $vXdao~ea6ai
etc
rod o/iolov
oi
LXXXVIII. Totavra
Be
Be 6 Et'<?7/i09 elirev.
tols fiev "Kap,apivaloi iireiTovOeaav roiovBe. 2 'AOrjvaLois evvoi rjaav, irXrjV icaO* oaov rrjv ^i/ceXiav (povro avrovs BovXdoaeaOai, to<? Be
^vpaKoatoi?
0T?
p,r)
B*
alel Kara to opopov Bidfyopoi' BeBiov% r)aaov tou? ^vpaKoaiovs iyyvs 6Wa?
Kal dvev acfioov irepiyevwvjai, to re irpwTov auTO?9 tou? oXiyov? lirirea^ enrepL^av Kal to Xolitov eBoKei avrol? virovpyelv puev Tot? ^vpaKoaiois
1
Sia to
fToifir]u
vtrelvai
4\irl$a
ayfctrBai,
the text
is
probably corrupt.
ai>[ri]Tvxe'it>,
Hude
follows van
a57,
Kivhweveiv. Steup, as also Stahl, adopts Reisko's conjecture abeis and deletes Kivdweixtv. 2 <2, after naO' oaov in MSS., deleted by Reiske, followed
and deletes
by Kriiger.
336
BOOK
this late
make any attempt to divert us, but anything in our busy activity and our character is at the same time to your interest, take this and make use of it and think, not that these qualities of ours are hurtful alike to all, but that they are even profitable to far the greater part of the For everyone in every place, even where Hellenes. we are not already present, both he that thinks he will suffer wrong, and he that plots to do wrong on account of the certain prospect that is ever present in their minds, in the one case that he will obtain succour from us in return for his allegiance, in the other that, if we shall come, he will run the risk of not escaping unscathed for his wrongdoings are both alike under constraint, the latter to be moderate however unwilling, the former to be saved without effort of his own. This common safety, then, which is now offered to anyone who may ask for it as well as to you, reject not but availing yourselves of it as others do, join forces with us and instead of having always to be on your guard against the Syracusans, change your course and at length plot against them even as they have plotted
day
!
in so far as
LXXX Thus Euphemus spoke. But what the Camarinaeans had felt was this They were well disposed to the Athenians, except in so far as they thought that these would enslave Sicily but with the Syracusans, as is usual with next-door neighbours, they were always at variance. And it was because they were more afraid of the Syracusans, as being so near, that they had in the first instance sent them the few horsemen, 1 lest they might prove superior to the Athenians even without their aid ; and they
:
Oh.
lxvii. 2.
337
THUCYDIDES
/xaXXov epy<p,
T<p
a>9
dv Bvvcovrai
''
/jLerpLcorara, iv Be
rrapovri, Xva
puyBe to 9
A0r]vaioi<;
ekaacrov
rfj fid^rj
BoKcoai velptai,
2 iyevovro,
irreiBr] teal
im kpar ea repot
afMporepois. Kal
rroXe/jbo^
cbv,
rrapovri
3
ovgi vpfid%ois o~<ficov 77720? aXXtfXous evopKov BoKelv elvai a<platv iv rw Kal ol rrpeafteis dfxvveiv. /j,r]8erepoi<;
e/earepcov dirrfxOov. Kal ol uev Xvpa/cocrioi rd /caO* eavrovs e^rjprvovro 5 rbv rroXepiOv, ol B* 'AOrjvaioc iv rij Nafo)
'
77-/009
oVa)? avrols
fxev 777)09
a>9
Kal ol
rd
V7T7JKOOL 6VT69 TCOV 2,VpaK0CTlG)V, OV 7TO\Xol d<f)larrjKeaav roiv Be rrjv fieaoyeiav iybvrwv avrovopboi
ovaai Kal irporepov alel al 2 olmjo-ei? ev0v$, ttXtjv oXiyoi, /juera ra>v KOrjvaiwv rjo~av, Kal alrov re
y
KareKOfii^ov ra>
5 xprj/uara.
y
irrl
tou?
A.6rjvaloi arparevcravres rov<? fiev tt poarjvdyKa^ov, Be Kal vrrb rcov XvpaKoalwv, <fipovpov<i r
iaireprrovrcov Kal ftorjOovvrcov, direKcoXvovro. rbv re ^eifxwva fjueOoppLicrd/jLevoi, eV 7-779 Nafoi> 9 rrjv
KareKavOrj vrrb
ol
xoWol
of the
MSS.
added by Bekker.
338
BOOK
now
resolved for the future to keep on giving to them rather than to the Athenians assistance in fact, though as moderately as possible, and for the present, in order that they might not seem to show less favour to the Athenians, especially since these had proved
the stronger in the battle, to give in word the same Having thus determined, they made answer, that, as they were allies of both parties
answer to both.
that were at war, it seemed to them to be consistent with their oath to aid neither at present. So the envoys of both sides went away. The Syracusans on their side were getting ready
for
Sicels, in the bring over as many of them as possible. Now, of the Sicels that lived more toward the flat country and were subjects of the Syracusans not x many had revolted but the Sicel settlements in the interior, which even before had always been independent, with few exceptions straightway sided with the Athenians, bringing down grain for the army and in some cases money also. Against those that did not come over the Athenians took the field, and compelled some to do so, but were kept from compelling others by the Syracusans, who sent garrisons to their relief. Removing also the anchorage of their fleet from Naxos to Catana, and restoring the camp which had been burned by the Syracusans, they passed the winter there. They sent also a trireme to Carthage on a mission of friendship, in the hope that they might be able to get some aid and they sent one also to Tyrrhenia, as some of the cities there offered of
at
effort to
1 Or, retaining ol iroWol, "most had held aloof," the alliance with the Athenians.
i.e.
from
339
THUCYDIDES
aurcop
Xirirovs
vfjL7ro\/jLiv.
*,iKe\oi<i zeal e? ttjp
(T(f)Lcriv co? ifXeiaTOVs irefjuireiv, kcu raWa top TrepiTeiyio-pov, irXipOla teal o~L8rjpop, r)Tolfia^op, koI oora eSei, 009 ajxa tw rjpi e^ofiepot rov
e<?
7ro\ep,ov.
7
9 Trjv KopipOop Kal AafceSaipLOPa t&p XvpaKoaicop a7rocrTa\ePT<; Trpeafteis tou9 re'IraXi6"
0/
coTa9
cifxa
irapairXeoPTe^
eiretptoPTO
ireWup
/jltj
nrepiopap ra yiypofiepa virb to>p 'AOrjpaicop, &>9 feed i/eeipois o/xotft)9 iTri/BovXevopepa, Kal iTretSrj ep rfj K.6ptp0(p iyepopro, Xoyov? Ittoiovpto diovPT<;
8
evOvs
^lf7j(f)Ladp,P0i
TTpoOvpiq dfivpeip, teal 9 rrjv AaKe8aipova ^vpatravrois TTpea^et^, 07ra)9 Kal KLpovs ^vpapairelOotep top re avrov tt6\/ulop aacpecrrepop 7TOLtaOai 7T/0O9 TOV?' AdlJPaiOVS Kal 69 T7)P %iK\Cav 9 oafyeXiap ripa TTefxireip. Kal 0% re k ttJ9 K.opCvdov -rrpeo-ftei? Traprjo-ap e? ti]p AaKe8alp,opa Kal 'A\/afiiahr]<; fiera t&p tjvp,(j)vyd8cop, irepaLcoOels tot evOvs iifi ttXolov (fropTiKov K ttj? %ovpia<$ e'9
ecrreWop
KvXXtfprjp t^9 'HXe/a? irp&Tov, etreiTa vaTepop AaKe8aip,opa avTa>p twp AaKeSai/jLopiwp fiTaiTpb-^rdpTcop VTrocnropSos eXOcop' icfrofteiTO yap 10 avTovs 81a ttjp Kal Trepl tcop MaPTLPixayp irpci^LP.
69 tt]p
AaKeSatpopicop tou9 tc KopipOiovs Kal rot9 XvpaKoo-ov<; ra avTa Kal top 'AXKifiidSrjp 8eo/jLPov$ irelQeiP tov<s AaKe8aiKal 8iaPOOVfjL6PO)P T0t)P T ityopcov Kal fJLOPLOVS.
1
Hude
tvttois
l6\a,
oh tj
340
BOOK
VI. lxxxviii.
6-10
themselves to join them in the war. They also despatched messengers to the various Sicel tribes, and sending to Egesta urged them to send as many horses as possible and they were getting ready for the circumvallation bricks and iron and whatever else was needful, with a view to taking the war in hand as soon as spring opened. Meanwhile the Syracusan envoys, who had been
;
sent to Corinth and Lacedaemon, as they sailed along the coast tried to persuade the Italiots not to tolerate the conduct of the Athenians, as the plot was aimed equally against them; and when they reached Corinth
]
they made an appeal to the Corinthians, urging them them aid on grounds of kinship. And the Corinthians at once took the lead in voting to aid them with all zeal themselves, and also sent envoys along with them to Lacedaemon, to help in persuading them not only to prosecute the war at home more openly against the Athenians, but also to send aid in some form to Sicily. Accordingly there were present at Lacedaemon these envoys from Corinth, and also Alcibiades with his fellow-exiles. He had, 2 at the time of which we have spoken, at once crossed over on a freight-boat from Thuria, going first to Cyllene in Elis, and had afterwards, on the summons of the Lacedaemonians themselves, come to Laceto send
daemon under safe-conduct; for he feared them on account of his intrigues in the affair of the Mantineans. So it happened that in the Lacedaemonian assembly the Syracusans, the Corinthians, and Alcibiades, making the same appeal, were prevailing upon the Lacedaemonians. The ephors indeed and others in
1
of Italy called
Magna
341
Graecia.
ch. lxi. 6.
THUCYDIDES
T(bp ev reXet ovrcov 7r/9<r/8ei9
irt/jLTreiP
'
69
%voa''
Kovcra?
KcoXvovTas
fir)
%v/jLf3aiveiv
A6r)vaLoi<;,
AXkl-
irapco^vve re rovs AaKeBaifioviovs /cat egcopfirjcre Xeycov roidBe. ' LXXXIX. " A; ay/caiov irepl T779 e'/xT/? BiajSo\??9 TTpcorov e? vfids elirelv, iva fir) xeipov rd
2 tcoiva
ax podarrjcrOe. TCOV Br) ifitov Trpoyovcov rrjv irpo^evlav vficbv Kara ti eyKXyjpa direnrovTcov avrbs eya> irakw dva\ap,/3dvcov edepdvTTOTTTCp /jlov
tw
trevov
v/jl&s
aXXa
re
KaX
irepX
rrjv
i/c
TlvXov
iifiel^
ijvficfiopdv.
''
7T/0O?
ifiols
exPpols Bvvapuv, Bi
3 drifiiav
ifiol
Be
irepiedere.
Bid ravra
BiKaitos
vif
TpCLTTO-
fievov kcu octcl aXXa r)vavTiOVfir)v vfxlv iffXaTrreade' kcu vvv, el T9 kcu Tore iv rw irdcr'xeiv ovk eiKOTcos
wpyl^ero
6ea6co'
r)
fioi,
el t*9, Bioti
fie
KaX rep
Brjfico
irpoaeKei^v
aiel iroie
fidXXov, %elpio
4
eVo/ufe,
firjB*
ovtco<; rjyrjcrrjTcu
opdws dydeaQai.
tols
yap rvpdvvois
rco BuvaBidcpopoL icrfiev (ttclv Be to evavriov/ievov eKeivov aTevovTt Br)/j,o<; (jDVO/naarat), koi air tjvfi-
vrapefieivev
r)
dp,a
Be kuI
t^9 7roXa)9
rd noXXa
34*
BOOK
authority were already intending to send envoys to Syracuse to prevent their making terms with the Athenians, but were not disposed to send them aid Alcibiades, however, coming forward, inflamed the Lacedaemonians and goaded them on, speaking as
;
follows
It is necessary first of all to speak tc you about the prejudice against me, in order that you may not through suspicion of me give a less favourable hearing to matters of public concern. When my ancestors on account of some complaint had renounced their office as your proxenoi, I myself, seeking to revive the relationship, courted your favour in other matters and especially in regard to your misfortune at Pylos. 1 And although I continued zealous, you, in making peace with the Athenians, by negotiating through my personal enemies conferred power upon them but brought dishonour upon me. For these reasons you deserved the injury you suffered when I turned to the side of the Mantineans and 2 Argives, and when I opposed you in other matters. And if anyone at the actual moment of suffering was unduly angry at me, let him now look at it in the light of the truth and be led to a different conviction or if anyone thought worse of me because I was more inclined to the cause of the people, let him not even on that ground suppose that he was rightly offended. For my family have always been at variance with tyrants, and as all that is opposed to despotic power has the name of democracy, so from the fact of that opposition of ours the leaderBesides, ship of the people has remained with us. while the city was a democracy, it was necessary in
;
LXXXIX.
"
c/. v. xliii. 2.
ef.
v.
liii. ff.
343
THUCYDIDRS
5
rrj? Be
vnap-
ra Xovarjs aicoXacrias eireipcofMeda /jLerpicorepoi e? aXkoi rjaav kcl\ eirl tcov irdXcu iroXiTi/ca elvcu.
teal
TTpOVO-T7]flV, Bi/CCUOVVT$ V
0'XVfJLari fiey'iarr)
'
T)
7roXt? Tvyx ave KaL iXevdepojTdrr) ovaa ical oirep 1 ehe^aro tis,tovto IjvvBiao coteiv (eirel Bijfio/cparlav
ye
iyiyv(i)o-fcojj,ev
oi
(ppovovvres
kclI\
ti,
/ecu
avro<;
ovBevbs dv yelpoVy
oca
XoiBoprjacufjU'
dWa
irepl 6jJLo\oyov[MevT)<;
fiev e?
ra?
ifids 6\a/3oAa?
roiavra
zeal e/ioi, ^vvefirj' irepl Be wv vjuliv re ftovXevreov iwXev2 el ti irXeov olBa, earjyrjTeov, pbdOere rfBrj.
Bvvaifieva,
6"
i/ceivovs
avOis
teal
'IraXtcoTa?,
eireira
kcl\
tt}9
Kapxv
el Be
rjBr}
Trpox<oprjo~eie
T7J
ravra
rj
irdvra
rj
/ecu
rd
irXelw,
YleXoTTOVVTjO-W /jieXXo/JLV e7TL^l'pV (TeLV > KOJJLLaavres %vpnrao~av fiev rrjv e/ceWev irpoayevofievqv
aXXov?
roiv
eicel
ofioXoyovfievcos
1
vvv
jSapfidpeov
fiayifiwra-Tovs,
writes iirel SrHAOKparlas yt Karayiyyw<rKO/j.ei' oi <ppoavrhs ovfevos bv X f ?P 0V > ^ a V *&" AoiSop^rai/u, which must be about the meaning of the passage.
vovvrts
ti, al
Hude
344
BOOK
We
tried, however, to pursue a moderate course in politics in contrast with the prevailing licence. But there have
been others, both in the time of our forefathers and now, who led the masses into more evil ways and these are the very men who have driven me out. But it was of the whole people that we were leaders, deeming it right to help to preserve that form of government under which the state had, as it chanced, attained its highest greatness and completest freedom, and which had come down to us for as to democracy of course, all of us who have any sense well understood what it was, and I better than anyone, inasmuch as I have greater cause to abuse it but indeed nothing new can be said about an admitted folly and it did
;
not seem to us wise to change our democratic constitution when you, our enemies, were waiting at our gates. XC. " With regard, then, to the prejudices against me, that is how things fell out but with reference to the matters about which you must take counsel and
;
I, if I have any superior knowledge, must bring your notice, give me now your attention. We sailed to Sicily, first, to subdue the Siceliots, if we could, and after them the Italiots also and then to make an attempt upon the empire of the Carthaginians and upon the city itself. If these things, either all, or at least the greater part of them, succeeded, then we intended to attack the Peloponnesus, bringing here the whole Hellenic force that had joined us there, hiring besides many barbarians, both Iberians and others of the peoples there that are admittedly the most warlike of the barbarians at the present
which
to
VOL.
111.
345
THUCYDIDES
Tpujpeis T 7rpo? Tais rjpeTepais
crdfievoi,
rrjv
troWd?
vavTrrjyrj-
iypvar)^
e/e
Tr}?
ah
tw
UekoTTOvvrjaov
a/^a
trepit;
7refa5
7779 e<f)0pp,ai 9
7W
ftla Xaftovres,
%o/j,ev
ra9
S'
evTeiyio-dpevoi paBlcos
fcal
Karairokepb^aeiv
cocrre
fiera
xpTJfiara Be
ri
avra ra
eviropdirepov yiyveaOai avTcbv, irpoayevofieva i/ceWev yuspia e/j,eX\e Biap/cr) civev ri]^ evOevBe irpoaoBov Trape^eiv. XCI. " Toiavra fiev rrepl tov vvv ofyo/ievov
cttoXov
irapa tov
to,
a/cpi,/3eorTaTa
teal
cIBotos
to?
SievoijOyjfjLev
cucr)ic6aT'
Tijyoi, t)v
Be, el
fir)
BvvwvTai,
opoLco*;
avTa irpd^ovaiv.
razee?,
00?
/3ori0T]o-eT,
ov irepieaTac
fxaOeTe
778*7.
%t,/ceXicoTai
yap direipoTepoi
dOpooL
Be
teal
/cal
jjlovol
8'
av
i~vo~Tpa(pevTe<;
vvv
cti.
irept77S77
yevotVTO'
TravBrjfiel
HvpafcoGioi
f}ao~7]p,evoi
/^d^rj
Te
fievoi
3
dBvvaToi eaovTai
dvTia^eiV.
vvv
el
AOqvaiwv
avTTj
e/cel
y 7roA.t? Xr}(f)07]o-eTai, e%eTai teal r) irdaa ^ixeXia, /cal evOus KaX 'JraXta* zeal ov apTi klvBvvov ezceWev
irapaaicevf)
rrpoecTrov, ovzc
fi)]
teal
av Bid pazepov
v/jllv eTriirecroi.
ware
Trepl
TTj<i
aXXa
UeXoirowtjo-ov,
el yu?; iroirjaeTe
7rep,\jreTe
oitivcs
v6l)<i t
avTepeTat,
KOfiiaOevTe^
Ka\ 6ir\lTV(TOVO~lV
Kal 6
T?)9 (TTpaTlCLS Tt
346
BOOK
day, and building
many
own, as Italy lias timber in abundance. Laying a blockade with these triremes round the Peloponnesus, and at the same time attacking it with our infantry by land, having thus taken some of its cities by assault and walled in others, we expected easily to reduce it, and after that to have sway over the whole
Hellenic race.
As
to
money and
food, for
making
feasible, the additional territory acquired in Sicily would of itself furnish these in sufficient quantity, independently of our
home
revenues.
XCI. "That such were the objects of the expedition which has sailed, you have heard now from one who knows most accurately what we purposed and the rest
;
without change. not hold out unless you aid them, let me now show you. The Siceliots have indeed less military experience than the Athenians, yet if they were united in one body they could, even as it is, gain the victory. But the Syracusans alone, being already worsted in battle with their full force and at the same time hemmed in at sea, will be unable to withstand the army of the Athenians now there. And if this city shall be
taken,
all Sicily is theirs,
;
they can, carry out these plans But that the people over there canif
and so presently
will Italy
be also nor will it be long before the danger which I have just now predicted from that quarter would fall upon Therefore let nobody think that you. you are deliberating about Sicily only, but about the Peloponnesus also, unless you do quickly the send thither by ship such a body following things of troops as, after working their own passage at the oar, can at once serve as hoplites ; also what I
:
347
THUCYDIDES
%pr}(Ti,fjL(OTpov
tw?
dp^ovra,
rout
fir)
'deXovras upoaavayKdarf
<f)iXoi
ovrco
yap
ol
re vrrdpyovres vplv
5 real ol
Oapaijaovcrc
fidXXov
tca\
rd evddSe XPV
Xov avrexcocri
6 dXkrjv
jia
%vpa.KQ(Jiol re vofii^ovres
kcli
kiriKovplav irepLTrayo'iv. reiyi^eiv re xph ' Ae/ceXeiav t?}? Arr i/cr}<; oirep 'AOrjvaloi /xaXtara
}
avrov
vo/j,lovo-i rebv iv
ru> iTo\epL(p ov BiaireTreipaaOat,. fiefiaioTara 6 dv Ti? oi/Ta)9 rovs TrdXefiiov? ftXdirroi, el, a p,d-
aacfaws
TrvpOavofievos iirKpepor el/cbs yap avrov? d/cpi(Bearara etcdarovs rd a^erepa avrcov Beivd iiri7
8'
iv
rfj
imreixiaei
KcoXvaere,
ol? re
ivavrlov?
rd pueyiara
tcecpaXaLcoo-co.
yap 7) xP a fcctreaKevaarai, rd rroXXa irpb? v/jlu^ rd /lev X7j<f)0evra, rd 6" avrbfiara rjffei' koX rd? rov Aavpeiov rwv dpyvpeiwv fieraXXcov irpoa6Bov? zeal oaa drro yPj? teal BiKaarTipicov vvv &k/>Xovvrai evOv? diroo-reprjcrovrai, fidXiara Be rfj? dirb rcov ^vpLfidxcov irpoaoBov rjcrcrov dv (popov1
The occupation
i.e.
(c/.
vii. xix.)1
348
BOOK
VI.
xci.
4-7
consider even more indispensable than the array, a Spartan as commander, that he may organize the forces already present and press into service those For in this way the friends you that are unwilling. have already will be encouraged, and those who are And in doubt will come over with less misgiving. the war here you must at the same time prosecute more openly, in order that the Syracusans, convinced that you are really concerned, may offer greater resistance, and the Athenians be less able You to send reinforcements to their own troops. 1 ought likewise to fortify Deceleia in Attica, the very thing the Athenians are always most in dread of and reckon the only peril of which they have not made full trial in this war. And the surest way in which anyone can hurt his enemies is this acting on certain information, he shculd inflict upon them that which he perceives they most fear for it is natural that every man should have the most accurate knowledge of his own dangers and should fear them
: ;
But as to the benefits which you accordingly. 2 yourselves will gain by this menacing stronghold and will prevent your opponents from obtaining, I will pass over many and sum up only the most important. Whatever their country is stocked with will for the most part come into your hands, either by capture or by voluntary surrender. 8 And the revenues of
the Laureian silver mines and whatever profits they now derive from their land and from their courts, 4
they will at once be deprived of, and above of the tribute from their allies, that would be
3
all
less
The
who were part of the " stock." from the adjudication of cases
349
THUCYDIDES
fxevr)*;,
ol
ra Trap
v/xcov
voiiicravTe*;
rjhr)
kcltcl
/epdro? iroXe/xelaOai oXiycopi^aovaiv. XCII. " YlyveaOai Se ri avrcbv /eal iv rd^ei /eal irpodv/jLorepov iv vlllv iartv, &> AaKeSaip,6vt,oi,
ov%
/eal
afiaprrjcreo-Oai olfiai
yeipwv
So/ecov
oi/Sevl dgico
LucoraTcov,
(piXoiroXls
vCv
ey/epartos iirep^o/xai, ovSe viroTTTeveaOai fiov e? 3 rr)V (j)vyaStKr)V irpoOvp.iav tov \6<yov. (fivyds je
ydp
t?J?
vfierepas,
rjv
TreiOrjaOi
ol tov<;
(lot,
u><$>eXia$'
zeal
iroXeLU(i)Tepoi
yjravT<;
ov%
rj
v/ieis
ol
rovs
4 7ro\e/uou<?
yeveaOai.
dSiKov/nai e^o), d\\' iv to dacfiaXcos iiroXiTevdrjv. ovS' iirl iraTpiSa ovcrav ere rjyovfiai vvv levai,
/eal
cpiXoiroXi^ outo? opOebs, ovx 0? dv ri]v eavTOv dSiKtos diroXecras jx-q iirlrj, dXX* 05 civ i/e iravros
5 ovtcos ifiQi
TpoTrov Sid to iiridvpuetv ireipaOfj avTTjv dvaXaftelv. re dtJLco v/jud<; iea\ 65 /eivSvvov iea\ e?
TaXaiireoplav
Saifiovioi,
irdcrav
dSews XPV a @ ai
SI]
>
***
Aa/ee-
yvovTas tovtov
tov
vcp*
dirdvTWV
ye
cbv
irpo/SaXXofievov
Xoyov
&)?,
el
TroXepuos
rd
'
Ta
v/ierepa j]/eaov,
*5*
BOOK
regularly brought in
Avar
is
;
your might, will take their obligations lightly. XCII. "The accomplishment of any of these projects promptly and more zealously depends, men of Lacedaemon, upon you, for that they are possible and I do not think that I shall prove wrong in my judgment -I am fully assured. And I claim that no one of you shall think more harshly of me because I, who seemed once to be a lover of my city, now make assault with all my might upon her, in concert with her bitterest enemies nor do I think that my word should be suspected on the score of the outcast's zeal. For outcast as I am from the villainy of those that expelled me, 1 am not ousted from doing you good service, if you will but hearken lo me and the worse enemies are not those who, like you, have merely hurt their enemies, but those who have forced their
And as to love of country am wronged, but had it when I And it is not, possessed my civil rights in security. as I conceive, against a country still my own that I am
friends to
I
become
foes.
I
have
it
not
when
now
am
going, but far rather one no longer mine that I seeking to recover. And the true patriot is not the man who, having unjustly lost his fatherland, refrains from attacking it, but he who in his yearning for it tries in every way to get it back. So I urge you, Lacedaemonians, to use me without misgiving for any danger and for any hardships, recognising that, according to the saying which is on everybody's lips, if as an enemy I did you exceeding injury, I might also be of some sufficient service to you as a friend, in so far as I know the affairs of the Athenians, while I could only conjecture yours. And I urge, too,
35i
THUCYD1DES
teal avjoxx; vvv,
vopicravra^
Bia^epourwy ftovkeveadcu,
diroKvelv
rrjp
e'9
rr)v Xi/ceX(av re /cal e? rrjv 'Attl/ctjv (TTpareiav, tva rd re ifcel ^pa\el pioplw ^vfiirapayevoixevoi fieydXa acoo-rjTe /cal AOrjvalcov rrjv re ovaav /cal
'
Tt)v
fieXXovcrav
Bvva/Mv
/caOeX^re,
/car
/ecu
fiera
Be
evvoiav
XCIII. 'O
Be
fiev 'AX/cLf3idBy<;
rocravra
jxev
elirev,
ol
Aa/ceBaifiovioi
en,
Biavoov\evoi
eirl
tc\<;
/cal
avrol
irporepov arpareveiv
Be
/ecu
'AOrjvas, /jLeXXovres
irepiopaofievoi,
pcoaOrjcrav BiBdgavros
2 /eoevar
ware
elyov
rfi
r}Brj
/cal
TvXltt-
itqv rbv
rcov Trapovrcop
fidXiara Be Bvo
/cal
fiev
Ta^io-rd Tt? cofaXia rj^ei tols e/cel. vavs tovs KopivOiov? tjBtj e/ceXevev
ol rrefiireiv e? 'Aalvrjv,
eToLfjLas
elvai
etc ttj<;
irXelv.
ravra
Be
tyvQepevoi
dvex^povv
35*
Act/ceBaiiiovos,
BOOK
that you yourselves now, convinced that you are deliberating about interests that are of the greatest importance, shrink not from sending an expedition into Sicily, and also into Attica, in order that, by keeping a small detachment on the island, you may preserve
the large interests you have over there and may overthrow the power of the Athenians both present and prospective, and after that may yourselves live in security and be accepted by all the Hellenes of their free will, not by force but through affection, as their
leaders."
XCIII. Such was the speech of Alcibiades; and the Lacedaemonians, who had already before this been disposed to make an expedition against Athens, but were still hesitating and looking about them, were
far more encouraged when Alcibiades himself explained these matters in detail, thinking that they had heard them from the one man who had most certain knowledge. And so they now turned their attention to the fortification of Deceleia and, in
now
Gylippus son of Cleandridas commander of the Syracusan forces, they ordered him, in consultation with the envoys of the Syracusans and Corinthians, to devise how under present circumstances help might come to the And Syracusans in the best and quickest way. Gylippus bade the Corinthians send to him at once 1 at Asine two ships, and to equip all the rest they intended to send, and to be ready to sail whenever
opportunity offered. Having made these arrangements the envoys left Lacedaemon and set out for
some
assistance
home.
1
VOL.
x T N
353
THUCYDIDES
4 'AcfrifceTO Be /cat
r)
itc rfj?
XiKcXlas
'
rpiTJpr)? tcov
'AOrjvaicov, r)v airecTTetXav ol o-TpaTtjyol eiri re XPVIJLaTa Kat t7T7rea9. real ol 'AOrjvatoi arcov-
aavTes ey\nrj(f)iaavTO ttjv re Tpocfrrjv Trepuireiv rfj arparia Kal tou9 lirirea^. teal 6 ^eificbv ireXevra,
Kal efioofiov
fcal
iroXepLco ire-
Xevra rwSe ov %ovKvhihr)<$ gvveypayjrev. XCIV. "A/za Be too rjpi evOits dp^ofiivoo tov 7nyiyvofJLvov Oepovs ol ev rfj XtKeXta *A6r)valoi
dpavre?
1
i/c
Tr}<;
ydpcov,
2 avrol
ovs
eirl TeXoovo<;
irporepov
fioi etprjrai,
e^pvai ttjv yrjv, diroftavTes Be iBycoaav Toy? Te dypovs koX eX66vT<; iirl epv/xd tl tcov SvpaKoalcov Kal oi>x eXovre? avdi? Kal ire^y Kal
vavcrl irapaKOfJLicxOevre^ eirl tov Trjpiav iroTapuov T ireBiov dvaftavres eBrjovv Kal tov alrov
to
eveirliMTrpao-aVy Kal tcov SvpaKocrlcov irepiTv^ovTes tigXv ov TToXXofc Kal diroKTeLvavTes re Ttvas Kal Tpoiraiov crTrjaavTe^ dveycopr\crav ^l T #? vavs.
eKeWev Be
errl
iirt-
arparia e^copovv
Kev-
ropLira, XikcXcov
iroXicr/jLa,
Kal irpoaayayofievoi
6p,oXoylq dirycrav, TipurpdvTe^ ap,a tov oItov tcov Kal dcpiKo4 T ^\vr\acralcov Kal tcov *T/3Xaicov.
\xevoi
e'9
rjKOVTas
1
M^awv
in
MSS., deleted by
Kriiger.
354
BOOK
At
this
time also there arrived at Athens from had been sent by the generals And the Athenians, hearing their request, voted to send to the army both the And the winter ended, supplies and the cavalry. and with it the seventeenth year of this war of which Thucydides wrote the history. XCIV. At the very beginning of the following spring, the Athenians in Sicily set out from Catana and proceeded along the coast toward Megara, from 1 which, as has been stated before, the Syracusans in the time of the tyrant Gelon had expelled the
Sicily the trireme that for money and cavalry.
4i4.o.
inhabitants, holding their territory themselves. Here they landed and ravaged the fields then, attacking a stronghold of the Syracusans without success, they went back again along the coast with both land-force and fleet to the river Terias, and going inland ravaged the plain and set fire to the grain. Meeting with a small force of Syracusans, they killed some of them and after setting up a trophy withdrew to their ships. Having sailed back then to Catana and supplied themselves with provisions from there, they advanced with their whole army to Centoripa, 2 a Sicel town and when they had brought it over by capitulation they returned, burning at the same time the grain of the Inessians 3 and Hyblaeans. 4 On their arrival at Catana they found that the horsemen had come from Athens, two hundred and fifty in number with accoutrements but without the horses, for it was expected that horses would be procured
;
Now
cf.
ch. iv. 2.
Centorbi, twenty-seven
miles
{cf.
north-west
ciii.
from
in.
1).
35*
THUCYDIDES
Xttitusv
7ropi(rB)](TOfiV(t)v,
Kovra Kal rdXavra dpyvpiov rpiafcocria. XCV. Tov 8* avrov rjpos /ecu eV "Apyo? arparevcravre^ AaKeBaipovioi pey^pi ^ ev KXeojyco^
Kal creicrfiov Be yevopuevov aTre^coprjaav. Apyeloi /nerd ravra io~/3aX6vre<; 9 rr/v Svpeariv ofiopov ovaav Xeiav rcop Aa/ceBcupovicov rroXXrjv e\a/3ov, r) eirpdOrj raXdvrwv ovk eXaaaov rrevre 2 Kal etieoai. teal 6 earriG)v Bfjpos ev rS> aura) ov ttoXv Oepeu varepov iiriOepevos to? rd<; dp%d<; eyovaiv ov Karea^ev, dXXa ^orjdrjadvrcov
rjXOov,
*
(dt]]3a[,cov
ol
fxev fjvveXrjcfiOyjaav,
ol
8'
e^eireaov
6epov<$
'
'AOrjva^e.
XCYI. Kal
ft>9
ol
%vpa/c6crioi tov
avrov
ilTvdoVTO TOU9 T6 l7T7Tea9 rjKOVTCLS T0t9 A6t}vaioi<s Kal peXXovra? r]Brj eirl atyd? ikvai, vopulaavreSy iav fir) rcov 'EttittoXwv Kpari^awcnv ol 'AOrjvatoi, yuspiov diroKpi'jfJLVOV re Kal virep rr}<;
iroXeax; evdvs Keip,evov,
el
ovk dv paSta?
<7<a9, ovB'
Kparoivro jid^rj, dTroreiyicrQrivai, Bievoovvio Ta9 TTpoG$daei% avrcdv (pvXdcraeiv, 07tg)9 firj Kara 2 ravra XdOcoac <7</>a9 dvaftdvres ol iroXepior ov yap dv aXXrj ye avrov<; Bvvr)Or\vai. efjijprrjrai yap rb aXXo %coplov, Kal p>&XP l rr}<; TroXecos eVtKal en leaves rrdv eaco' Kal KXive<$ T eart oavopaarau virb rcov XvpaKoalcov Bid rb iirLTroXrjs rov dXXov elvai 'ULirnroXal. Kal ol pev e^eX1 Qri&aloiVy so B alone correctly against 'A6r)vaia>y of all the other MSS., which gives no satisfactory sense ; for in case of a real interference on the part of the Athenians, which
V. xxxii. 5),
356
BOOK
in Sicily
as
well
thirty
of silver.
XCV. During the same summer the Lacedaemomaking an expedition to Argos, got as far as Cleonae, but when an earthquake occurred they After this the Argives invaded the Thyretired. reatis, which lies on their borders, and took much booty from the Lacedaemonians, which was sold for
nians,
not less than twenty-five talents. 2 And in the course of the same summer, not long afterwards, the people of Thespiae attacked the government but did not
succeed for succour came from Thebes and some were arrested, while others fled for refuge to Athens. XCVI. During the same summer the Syracusans, on learning that the Athenians had received their cavalry and that they were about to march against them immediately, thinking that unless the Athenians should get possession of Epipolae, a precipitous place lying directly above the city, they themselves, even if they were defeated in battle, could not easily be walled in, determined to guard the approaches to it, in order to prevent the enemy from ascending secretly by that way, since they could not
;
For at
all
other
points the place overhangs the city and slopes right down to it, the whole height being visible from it and it is called Epipolae by the Syracusans because
;
it
lies as
country.
1
an upper surface above the rest of the So they went out at daybreak in full
%
60,000, $291,600.
5,000, $24,300.
357
THUCYDIDES
Ooptc? Trav$r)fie\ e? top Xeifz&va top
1
irapa top
"Apclttop TroTdfJibp a/xa ry r)p,epa (irvyxapop yap avTOt? /cal ol irepi top 'EppLO/cpaTT] aTpaTTjyol apTL irapeiXrjtyoTes ttjp apxyv)* ^Tacrlp re ottXcop iiroLovPTO kcu e^aKoaiov^ XoydBas t<op
ottXitcop igetcpwap irpoTepop, o>p rjpx^ A*o/zA,o?,
<j>vyd$
e'f
aXXo
tc Berj,
Tayb
ijvpeo~Ta>T<;
nrapaylyvcovTai. XCVII. Ot Be
2
rj
'Adrjpaloi
TavT-qs
7-779
vvktos,
d
eiriyiypopLepr) fjfiepa efjrjTd&PTO, eXaOop clvtovs ttclvtI rjBr} tg> crTpaTevpuaTi i/c T779 Kattj
TaPT)<i <T%O^T? KCLTCL TOP AioPTO- KClX0V/J,P0P, 09 a7re^et T(bp 'JLTTiiroXcdP 6% r) 7TTa o~TaBiov<;, zeal T0U9 Tre^ovs aTroj3i,ffdaapT6<; rafc re pavalp e? ttjp (&dyjrop Ka6oppncrdpLPOL' k'aTi Be x eP~' V7l (J0 'S V&v ip o-TPq> la6p,q) irpovxpvaa e? to ireXayos, tt?9
Be
Xvpa/coalcop
7roXea)?
2 ttoXXIjp a7re%ej.
'Adrjpaicop ev
ttj
ovtc ttXovp ovtc 6Bop kcu 6 p,ep pclvtiicos o~TpaTo<; tcop (ddyjra) Biao~Tavpooadp,epo<; top
laOpibp rjavxa^ep' 6 Be 7reo? ix<*)pei> evfiv? Bpofiw 7T/?o? *ra9 'E7rt7ro\a? ical cftOdpet dpa/3d$ /caTa top
EvpvrjXop irplp rou? ^vpaKoaiov^ alo-0ofipov<i etc tov Xeip&pos teal tt)? eferao-ea)? irapayepeaOat.
3 ifioijOovp Be oX re
/cal
aXXoi
&)? e/cao-TO?
Taxovs eZ^e
top Aio/mXop eija/coaior GTaBioi Be irplp TrpoapLel^ai i/c tov Xeipwpo? eyiypovTO avTol?
ol
nrepX
ou/c eXaaaop r) ttpt /cal eXfcoai. irpoaireaopTe^ OVP aVTOl? TOLOVTW TpOTTCO aTdKTOTepOP KCU pd^V vucrjOepTes ol ^vpa/coaioi iirl Taft 'EiriiroXah 1 l Added by Kriiger. Added by Madvig.
'
a),
358
BOOK
force to the
the river Anapus for Hermocrates and his fellow-generals, as it chanced, had just come into office and proceeded to hold
a review of the hoplites. And they selected first six hundred picked men of these, under the command of Diomilus, a fugitive from Andros, that these might
meadow along
them anywhere
a body.
be a guard for Epipolae, and if there were need of else might be quickly at hand in
XCVII. And the Athenians during the night preceding the day on which the Syracusans held their review, came from Catana with their whole force and put in unobserved at the place called Leon, which is six or seven stadia distant from Epipolae, disembarking the land-force there and anchoring their ships at Thapsus. That is a peninsula, with a narrow isthmus, extending into the sea and not far distant from the city of Syracuse, either by sea or by land. The naval force of the Athenians, having run a stockade across the isthmus, lay quiet on Thapsus but the land-force advanced at once at a run to Epipolae, and got up by way of Euryelus before the Syracusans, when they became aware of it, could come up from the review which they were holding in the meadow. They brought aid, however, everyone with what speed he could, the others as well as the six hundred under Diomilus but they had not less than twenty-five stadia to go, after leaving the meadow, before they reached the enemy. Consequently the Syracusans fell upon the Athenians in considerable disorder, and being defeated in battle
; ;
359
THUCYDIDES
avexcoprjaav ? ttjv iroXiv
5 a7roOvycrfcei teal
'
Kal o
re
Ato/uXo?
Kal
tmv dXXwv
&>? rpiaKoarioi.
fiera tovto ol 'AOrjvaloi rpoiralov re aTrjo-avTes zeal tou? ve/cpovs viroairovBovg dirohovre^ rots
iTrucctTaftdvTes, co?
%6t)pijo~avT<;
^VpCLKOGlOlSy TTpbs TTjV TToXlV CLVT7JV TJ] V(TTpaia ovk eire^fjaav aurot?, iirava-
prjaav
7r'
opcov 7T/30?
irpotoiev
rj
ra M.eyapa,
jiayovpbevoi
Snore
re
reiyjLOvvreSy
to*?
GKeveai
ex
rjXBov
Kal
1
NafiW
tou?
Kal
oh
ittttov?
'JLyecrraicov Kal
Karavalcov
eXaftov, tou?
2
TLXi>o~av
XVKTJV ol 'AOrjValot, IVaiTCp Ka0^6flVOl Kal eKirXrj^iv rov kvkXov Bid rdypv^.
t%
olkoSo-
Kal iire^eXOovre*; fid^rjv Bievoovvro ttolKal i]8r] dvriTraparacr3 eladat Kal pur) irepiopav.
pbtar
a>9
360
BOOK
on Epipolae, retired into the city, Diomilus and about After this three hundred of the rest being slain. the Athenians, having set up a trophy and given up their dead under truce to the Syracusans, next day went down against the city itself; but when the enemy did not come out against them they withdrew and built a fort at Labdalum, on the verge of the bluffs of Epipolae looking towards Megara, that it might serve as a magazine for their baggage and
whenever they advanced either to fight or work at the wall. XCVIII. Not long afterwards there came from Egesta three hundred horsemen, and from the Sicels, Naxians, and some others about one hundred and the Athenians had already two hundred and fifty, for whom they received some horses from the Egestaeans and Catanaeans and purchased others so that altogether six hundred and fifty cavalry were mustered. Placing a garrison at Labdalum, the Athenians advanced to Syce, where they took position and built
stores
to
; ;
the round fort * with all speed. The Syracusans were struck with consternation by the rapidity of their building ; and they went out against them, determined to give battle and not look on idly. And when they were already drawing up for the conflict the generals of the Syracusans, seeing that their own army had become disordered and did not readily get into line, led them back to the city, all save a
1 Syke (i.e. a place set with fig-trees ; see Steph. a.v XvKal) is probably to be located in the middle of the plateau of Epipolae. Here the Athenians built first a circular fort, which later was the starting-point for the wall of circumvallation extending northward towards Trogilus and southSee Map, and also Holm ward to the Great Harbour.
ii.
Sic.
iii.
662 ff.
361
THUCYDIDES
Tt)V iroXiv ttXtjv /j,pov<z
twos
Se
virofievovTe^
X160teal
4 (f)opeiv
re
teal
aTroatelBvaaOai fiatepoTepav.
ottXitcov
teal
ol
aifTCOV
TTCLVTeS
eTptyavTo
rrj?
TOU?
TCOV
vdv
TLvas
teal
Tpoiralov
liTTTOixaylas
ecTTrjerav.
XCIX. Kat
rfj
'Adrjvaicov to) 717)0? (Sopeav tov kvkXov Teixos, ol Be XiOovs teal %vXa guficfropovvTes irapeftaXXov
tov TpcoyiXov teaXov/jievov, aid fjirep fipayyTaTOV eylyveTo avTols e/e tov fieydXov XipAvos 2 iirl tt]v erepav ddXacraav to ciTTOTel^Lafia. ol Be
eirl
^vpaiebtTioi oi>x v)Kic>Ta 'EtppLo/epaTOvs tcov o~TpaT7]ycov ecrrjyrjcrafJLevov ii&xais puev TravBrj/nel irpos * AOrjvalovs ovkbtl iftovXovTO BiaKivBvveveiv, vttoTeiyl'C.eiv he a/neivov
eBoKec elvai
el
fj
i/celvoi efieXXov
d^eiv cfrOdcreiav, dTrofeXyaeis T6fc%o? ylyvecrOai, teal dfia teal iv tovtco el eirifiorjOolev,
to
teal,
avTols l tt}? crTpaTias* teal dv tols aTavpois TrpoteaTaXa/JiftdvovTes c\>Qdveiv tcls ecpoBov?, eteelvov? Be av iravopbevovs tov epyov 7rdvTa<i av trpbs <x<a9 TpkireaQai. eTelyi^ov ovv
fiepos
dvTiirkpnreiv
igeXdovTes diro
teaTcodev
Tr)<s
cr(j)Tepa<;
'
TroXecos dpfjafievoi,
tov kvkXov
tcov
4 Tefievovs teal
1
362
BOOK
These remained behind and part of the cavalry. tried to prevent the Athenians from bringing stones and scattering to any great distance. But one tribal 1
Athenian hoplites, and with these all their cavalry, attacked and routed the Syracusan cavalry, killed some, and set up a trophy of the
division of the
cavalry fight.
XCIX. On the next day some of the Athenians proceeded to build the wall to the north of the round fort, while others brought together stones and wood and began to lay these down along the line towards the place called Trogilus, in which direction the line of circumvallation would be shortest from the Great Harbour to the outer sea. But the Syracusans, at the suggestion of their generals, and especially of Hermocrates, were no longer inclined to risk pitched battles with their whole force against the Athenians. It seemed better to build a wall across the line where the Athenians were going to bring their wall, so that if they got ahead of them the Athenians would be blocked off, and they decided at the same time, if the Athenians should attack them while at this work, to send a part of the army against them ; and they expected that they would get ahead of the Athenians in occupying the approaches with their stockades, and that they would cease from their work and all turn against them. Accordingly they went out and proceeded to build, starting from the city and carrying a cross-wall below the round fort
of the Athenians, chopping down the olive-trees of the precinct and setting up wooden towers. The
1
(pv\ri
is
from the
civil classification.
here used for To{ts, the term being borrowed Each of the ten tribes furnished
a division (rd^is).
363
THUCYDIDES
'AOr/valcov ovirco Ik rfj<; Sdyjrov TrepieireTrXevKeaav e? rbv fieyav Xifieva, dXX* eri, ol ^vpaKoaioi ifcparovv rebv irepl rr)v OdXaaaav,
vr)e<;
!
Be
rebv
Kara
yrjv
Be
i/c
rrjs
Qdyjrov
ol
'AOrjvatoi
rd
eTTLTijBeia eirrjyovro.
C. ^QnreiBr)
Be
vols
*2iVpaKO<j'ioi<$
apfcovvrcos
wkoBo/htJOjj
eBoKL
teal
rod vrrorefylajiaro^, kcl\ ol 'Adrjvaloi avrobs ov/c rjXOov KcoXvaovres, (poftovfievoi firj a<plai Bi^a
yiyvofievois
rrjv fiev
/caO*
avrovs
Koaioi
irepneiyjLcriv
(f>vXrjv
Xvpa-
puiav
olKoBojirjiiaTos
dvex^p r} (Tav
'AOrjvawi rovs re o^eroi)? avrcbv, ot e? rr)V iroXtv vBaros rjyfievoc rjaav, BieVTTOvo/jLrjBbv irorov cjyOeipaVf koX rr/prjaavres rov? re aXXov? "vpaKoalovs Kara aKrjvd? ovra? ev /bLearj/ubfipla real Tivas teal 5 rr)v iroXiv diroKexwpriKOTa^ koX tov<$
ev rep aravpoo/xari a/xeXco? cpvXdaaovras, rpiaKoalov? fxev acj)cbv avrcbv XoydBas teal rebv tyiXobv rivas e/cXe/CTOu? a)7rXia/jLevov$ rrpovra^av Qelv Bp6fjL<p e%aTTLvai<t><; Trpbs rb vTrorel^ia/jLa, r) Be aXXrj arparid Bfya, r) fiev /nerd rov erepov
7r/)o? ryv ttoXiv, el eTrifior/Ooiev, e^cbBe fierd rod erepov irpb<; rb aravpcofia rb 2 irapd rrjv irvXlBa. teal 7Tpoa/3aX6vre<; ol rpia-
arparrjyov
r)
povv,
kogioi
aipovai
rb
aravpcofia'
teal
ol
(fivXafces
avrb
teal
e^e/cpovrebv
364
BOOK
Athenian ships had not yet sailed round from Thapsus into the Great Harbour, but the Syracusans were
still
masters of the parts about the sea, and the Athenians brought their supplies from Thapsus by
C.
land.
When
it
seemed
stone-work and stockade, not come to hinder them for they feared that the enemy might more easily deal with them if their forces were divided, and at the same time they were pushing on their own wall of circumvallation leaving one division as a guard for their cross-wall, they withdrew to the city. Meanwhile the Athenians destroyed their pipes which ran underground into the city and supplied it with drinking-water. Then watching when most of the Syracusans were in their some of them having even gone tents at midday and when those at the to their homes in the city stockade were guarding the place carelessly, they stationed in front three hundred picked Athenians and a chosen body of the light-armed troops in heavy armour to go at a run suddenly against the counter-wall ; while the rest of the army advanced in two divisions, one with one general against the city, in case they should come to the rescue, the other with the other general to that part The of the stockade which is by the postern gate. three hundred attacked and took the stockade, the guards leaving it and fleeing to the outwork around Temenites. 2 And their pursuers burst in with them but these, after getting in, were forced out again by
1 The u7roTei'x*<ryua seems to have consisted partly of c/. ch. lxxv. 1. palisading and partly of stone- work.
365
THUCYDIDES
*Apyeicov
3 iroXXol
Tivh avToOi
Sleep 0dp7](rav.
/cal
/cal
tcov
*AQr)vai(ov
ov
rj
eTrava^wprjaao-a
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arpana
aravpcofia
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TCOV
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'
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t^9 Sdyfrov 9 tov p,eyav Xipeva tov Xvpa/coalcov, avTol Be Trepl opOpov /caraj3dvT6<S CLTTO TCOV 'EiTUTToXcbv fc'9 TO OpLClXbv teal Bid tov eXovs, fj Trr)Xa)$e<; tjv /cal aTepicpcoTaTov, Qvpas /cal tjvXa irXaTea iiriOevTe^ /cal eV avrcov BiaftaBiaavTes, alpovaiv djxa eep to tc crTavpco/ia TrXr^v oXiyov /cal ttjv Ta(ppov, /cal vaTepov ical to
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ai)TOv$ /3ovX6pLvot aTTO/cXfjaao-Oai T779 Sia/3dcre(0<; ' ol tcov AOrjva'uov Tpia/cbaioi XoydBes Sp6/j.(p 5 rjireiyovTO irpb^ ttjv SelcravTes Be ol ye<j>vpav.
366
BOOK
VI.
c.
2-ci. 5
the Syracusans, some of the Argives and a few of the Athenians being slain there. Then the whole army withdrew and pulled down the counter-wall and tore up the stockade, bringing the stakes over to their own lines, and set up a trophy. CI. The next day the Athenians, starting from the round fort, began to fortify the bluff which is above the marsh, 1 where on this side of Epipolae it looks toward the Great Harbour, and where they would find the line of circumvallation shortest as they came down through the level ground and the marsh to the harbour. The Syracusans meanwhile also went out and proceeded to build another stockade, starting from the city, through the middle of the marsh ; and they dug at the same time a ditch alongside, that it might not be possible for the Athenians to complete their wall to the sea. But the latter, when their wall to the bluff was finished, again attacked the stockade and ditch of the Syracusans, having ordered their ships to sail around from Thapsus into the Great Harbour at Syracuse and themselves gone down about daybreak from Epipolae to the level ground. Laying down doors and planks through the marsh where the soil was clayey and firmest and crossing over on these, they took at daylight the ditch, and all but a little of the stockade, and later the remaining part. A battle occurred also, in which the Athenians were victorious, those of the Syracusans on the right wing fleeing to the city, those on the left along the river. Wishing to cut off the latter from the crossing, the three hundred picked men of the Athenians pushed on at a run to the bridge. But
1
The
Lysimeleia.
367
THUCYDIDES
"Zv pate 6a tot (jicrav yap /cal tcov lirtrecov avToi? ol troXXol evravda) opboae ywpovcri rot? rptaKoaloi^ tovtois, real TpeirovcrL re avTov? teal ea/3dXXovcriv teal e? to Be^iov tcipas tcov 'AOrjvaleov. irpocnreaovTcov avTcov tjvvcf>o/3i]dr) teal f) 7rpcori] cpvXrj
6
tov teepcos. IBcov Be 6 Aa/ia^o? irapefforjOeu airo tov evcovv/nov tov iavTcov /jletcl to^otmv t ov ttoXXcov teal toi>5 'ApyeLovs 7rapa\a/3cov, teal
emBia^a?
tcov
tj
Tacf>pov tivol teau puovcoOel^ jxeT oXiycov vv Staff civ tq)v diraOvycrieei avTO? t teal irevTe
teal tovtovs ptev ol %vef tcov fAT avTov. rj paKoaioi euOvs Kara Tayo<$ tyOdvovaiv dpirdcravTes irepav tov TroTajnov e? to dacj)aXe<i, avTol Be iiriovro^ rjBrj teal tov aXXov o~TpaTevpLaTO<; tcov
*A6rjvalcov dir eyjM povv, CII. 'Ez^ TOVTCp Be OL 7T/DO? T7]V TToXlV avTCOV TO
irpcoTOV teaTacpvyovTes a>? ecopcov TavTa ycyv6/.ieva, 1 tt)9 TcoXecos dvadaparjcravTes dvTtTa^avTO 7T/oo? toi>9 teaTa acpas 'AOrjvaiovs,
fiepo? ti avTcov 7re/j,7rovcnv eirl tov tev/eXov tgu9 'EiirtTToXals, r^yovfievov epfj/aov aiptj2 creiv. teal to /nev BetcdirXeO pov irpOTeixiafxa
teal
tov
eirl
avTcov alpovcri
kvkXov Niteia?
daOtvelav
i;vXa
viroXeXei/jL/jLevos'
ra9 yap
yjv
/j.r]^avd^ teal
oca
trpb
tov
Tel)(ov<i
ipL7rprio~ai
tou9
vir^pera^
dBvvuTous
7rooarP)X6ov
ol
^vpateoaioc
Bid,
to
dXXd
teal yap irp6$ ts tov xvteXov aTre^copovv trdXiv. 1 arh Tfjf ir6\(u>s, omitted by Hutle with
368
BOOK
VI.
ci.
5-cn. 3
the Syracusans became alarmed, and, as most of their cavalry was there, closed with these three hundred, routed them, and attacked the right wing of the Athenians. On their charge the first division of this wing also became involved in the panic. And
Lamachus, seeing this, came to their aid from his place on the left wing, with a few bowmen and the Argives, whom he took with him ; and advancing across a ditch and being cut off with a few of those who had crossed with him, he was killed himself and five or six of his followers. These the Syracusans at once hastily snatched up and succeeded in carry-
own
ing over the river to safety, themselves retreating rest of the Athenian army began now to advance. CII. Meanwhile those of them who had fled at first to the city, seeing what was going on, themselves took courage, and coming back from the city drew up against the Athenians in front of them; and they sent a part of their number against the round fort on Epipolae, thinking that they would find it without defenders and be able to take it. And they did indeed take and demolish their outwork of one thousand feet in length, but the round for he fort itself Nicias prevented their taking happened to have been left behind there on account of illness. He ordered the attendants to set fire to the engines and wood that had been thrown down before the wall, seeing that they would be unable through lack of men to be saved in any other way. And it turned out so; for the Syracusans, coming no nearer because of the fire, now retreated. And, besides, reinforcements were already coming up to
when the
369
THUCYDIDES
fforjdeia
i/c
rjBr)
KarcoOev
ifcec
'
rcov
'AOrjvatoov
diroBia)-
dvrcov tou?
rrjs
4
avrwv
Qdtyov, cbaTrep etprjro, KarkirXeov e? rov peyav Xtpteva. a opcovres ot avwdev Kara tot^o? drrfjaav Kal r) ^vptiraaa arparid rcov XvpaKooiav e? rr)v iroXiv, vopttaavre^ ptrj av en ciito rrjs irapovcrrj?
KwXvaai
rov
iirl rr)v
BdXaaaav
Be
CIII.
Mera
Kal
earrjaav
tou?
v/cpov<;
Boaav Tot? HvpaKoatot? /cat tou? pterd Aapdypv Kal avrol i/copttaavro. Kal irapovros rjBrj
afyiai iravrb? rod orparevptaros, Kal rov vavriKov Kal rov 7rebu, dirb rcov 'JLttittoXcov Kal rov
Kpr)pLvoo&ov<;
dp^dptevot
OaXdaor]^
eirtrrjBeta
re'f)(6i BtirXto
rfj
TravraxoOev.
arrei eiyt^op pexpt T V$ tou? XvpaKoalov?. rd & arparid iarjyero K rr)$ 'IraXias rjXOov be Kal rcov XtKeXcov iroXXol
irporepov ireptewvr)e<;
Kal
irevrrjKovrepot e? eX-ntBas.
ovKeri iv6avrot? ovBe diro t>]? YleXoTTovvijoov oo(peXta ovBeptia fJKe, tou? Be X070U? ev re acptotv auTOt? enoiovvro l^vpfiaTt/cou? Kal 7r/?o? rov NiKiav ovro<; ydp Br) ptovos elx Aapdxov reOvecoros rr)v dpx^v. Kal Kvpcoois pLev ovBepita eyiyvero, ola Be etVo? dvOpcoircov x diropovvrcov Kal ptdXXov r) rrplv iroXtooKOvpevcov, troXXa eXeyero 777)6? re exelvov kolL Tr\aa> #ri
ydp
put^ov
ot XvpaKootoi dv TreptyeveaOat,
vph,
Hud
omits, with C.
37o
BOOK
the round fort from the Athenians below, who had chased away the enemy there, and their ships at the same time were sailing down, as they had been
ordered, from Thapsus into the Great Harbour. Seeing these things, the men on the heights and the
hastily
withdrew into
the city, thinking that with the force they then had at their disposal they could no longer prevent the building of the wall to the sea.
men.
The whole
of their
present, both fleet and land-force, starting from the bluff of Epipolae they proceeded to cut off the
Syracusans
by
Provisions were
to the
coming
double wall down to the sea. in for the army from all
quarters of Italy.
And
Athenians many of the Sicels, who before had been hesitating, and from Tyrrhenia three fiftyoared galleys. And other matters were progressing For the Syracusans no according to their hopes. longer thought they could win at war, as no aid had come to them even from the Peloponnesus; and indeed they were discussing terms of agreement, not only among themselves, but even with Nicias, who now since the death of Lamachus had No decision was reached but, as is sole command.
;
natural
are in perplexity and more straitly than before, many proposals were made to besieged
when men
37T
THUCYDIDES
Kara
rrjv ttoXlv.
arpaTrjyoix; re
o~av,
&)?
r)
i<f>
CIV.
rjaav,
Kal at dirb
KoptvOov
e?
tt)V
vrje<;
irepl
AevKaBa
ijBr)
%iKeXuap Bid Ta%ou? /ecu ft)? avTols al dyyeXiai e<f>OLTcov ftorjOfjaai. Beival kcu Traaai eVt to avrb i^reva-fjuevai ft)? tjBtj
ftovXopevoi
iravTeXSis diroTeTei^ia /nevai al Svpd/covaal elen, tt}? puev %L/c\La<; ov/ceri, eXirlBa ovBefiiav el^ev 6 TvXittttos, ttjv Be ^IraXiav /3ovX6/avo<; irepiTroirjarcu,
Bvolv
ol Be
Bia<;
puev
rdxiara
eirepaiciiO^aav rbv 'loviov e? Tdpavra, Kopivdiot 7T/JO? Tat? afarepcus BeKa AevKa'
Bvo Kal A/j,TrpaKLd)TiBa<; T/oet? irpoairXTipd)Kal 6 fiev 2 aavTes varepov epueXXov irXevaeaOai. TvXiinros eK tov Tdpavros e? tt)v ovplav irpcorov 7rpeaj3evadpbVo<; Kara tt)v tov 7raTOO? ttot TToXiTeLav Kal ov Bvvdpevo? avTov<s irpoa'iTaXuav, Kal dpayayeaOai, dpa<; irapeirXei
t^
dvep,ov} 0? eKirvel TavTy p,eya<; KaTa fiopeav eo-TrjKcos, dirofyepeTai e? to ireXayos, Kal irdXiv %6/yLtao-^el? 6? to, fidXiaTa t& TdpavTi irpoapLiayei' Kal Ta? vavs oaai eirov^aav virb tov
7raa0el<; vir
3 ^e-/xftW?
dveXxvaas eireaKeva^ev.
MSS.
after
2lv4/jlov,
deleted
by Goeller.
372
BOOK
him, and still more were discussed in the city. For under their present evils they had some suspicion even of one another; and the generals under whose lead these things had happened were deposed, on the ground that their disasters were due to their ill-luck or treachery, and in their stead were chosen Heracleides, Eucles, and Tellias. CIV. Meanwhile Gylippus the Lacedaemonian and the ships from Corinth 1 were already at Leucas,
As the proposing to bring aid to Sicily in all haste. reports that were coming to them were alarming and all to the same false purport, that Syracuse had
already been completely walled off, Gylippus no longer had any hope of Sicily, but wishing to save Italy, he himself and Pythen the Corinthian, with two Laconian vessels and two Corinthian, crossed the Ionian gulf to Tarentum as quickly as possible while the Corinthians, after manning, in addition to their own ten, two Leucadian and three Ambracian
;
From Tarentum, Gylippus, ships, were to sail later. after first going on a mission to Thuria, on account of his father having been once a citizen there, 2 and
failing to win them over, weighed anchor and sailed along the coast of Italy. Giught by a wind, which settling in the north blows violently in that region, he was carried out to sea, and then after a most violent storm again reached Tarentum; and there hauling ashore all of his ships that had suffered from the storm he set to repairing them. But Nicias, although he heard that he was sailing up, despised
1
cf.
2
ch. xciii. 3.
Or, reading, with BH, xal tV rov trarphs avavcwady.evos, "and having revived the sometime citizenship of his father."
373
THUCYDIDES
rcov vecov, oirep Kal ol Qovpioi eiraOov, teal XtjgtlKoorepov e'Sofe Trapea/cevaa /xevov^ irXelv Kal ovSe-
piav
CV. Kara
Be rov<;
avrol re Kal ol %v }xp,aypi /cal rrfi 7/7? rrjv 7ro\\i]v Kal 'AOrjvatoi 'Apyeiois rpidfcovra iSr/ooaav. vavalv eftorjOiicrav, alirep t<x? vnovhds (jiavepcorara Ta? 71730? AaKehaifioviovs a^Tot? eXvaav. 2 irporepov jxev yap XyaTelais i/c UvXov Kal irepl rr)V aXXrjv YieXoirovv^crov fiaXXov rj e? ttjv AaKcoviktjv airo^aivovT^ fjuerd re 'Apyeiwv Kal Mavrivkwv ^vveiroXepLOWy Kal ttoXXcikl? 'Apyeicov KeXevovrcov oaov o-yovra^ fiovov %vv 07rXoi<; e$ rrjv AaKcovtKrjv Kal to iXd^iarov //.era o-cfrwv Brjaxravra^ direXOelv ovk r)QeXov tots he T\vOoSoopov Kal AaMTTroSiov Kal Atj/jLapdrov dp%6v-
Upacrias
Twv dirofiavTes e? 'EirlSavpov rrjv Aijxr\pav Kal teal oaa aXXa ehrjeoaav tt)? 7%, Kal roh
'
AaKe&aifiovLOL? rjhrj einrpofydaiGTov fiaXXov rrjv air lav 6? tov? AOrjvatovs tov dfxvveaQai eiroij)3 gov, ava^copTjadvTCOv he rcov 'AOyvalcov ck tov
"Apyov? Tat? vaval Kal tcov AaKehaifiovtcDv ol *Apyeloi icrffaXovTe? e? ttjv QXeiaalav tt}? re 7779 avicov e.TepLov Kal direKTeivdv Ttvas, Kal dirtjXOov
eV
ookov.
374
BOOK
the small number of his ships, just as the Thurians had done, and thinking they were coming equipped rather as privateers than as men-of-war, he took as yet no precautions. CV. About the same time in this summer, the Lacedaemonians and their allies invaded Argos and ravaged most of the country. And the Athenians brought succour to the Argives with thirty ships, an act which violated their treaty with the Lacedaemonians in the most overt manner. For before this
they waged the war, in cooperation with the Argives and Mantineans, by predatory excursions from Pylos and by making landings round the rest of the Peloponnesus rather than in Laconia; and although the
Argives frequently urged them only to make a landing with arms on Laconian territory, devastate in concert with them even the least part, and then go away, they refused. But at this time, under the command of Pythodorus, Laespodias, and Demaratus, they landed at Epidaurus Limera, Prasiac, and other places, and laid waste some of their territory, and so gave the Lacedaemonians from now on a more plausible excuse for defending themselves against the Athenians. After the Athenians had withdrawn from Argos with their ships, and the Lacedaemonians also had retired, the Argives made an incursion into Phliasia, ravaging part of their land and killing some of the inhabitants, and then returned home.
375
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E. S.
Aristotle: Parts of Animals. A. L. Peck; Motion and Progression of Animals. E. S. Forster. (4kth Imp. revised.) Aristotle: Physics. Rev. P. Wicksteed and F. M. Cornford. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd Imp., Vol. II. 3rd Imp.) Aristotle: Poetics and Longinus. W. Hamilton Fyfe; Demetrius on Style. W. Rhys Roberts. (5th Imp. revised.) Aristotle: Politics. H. Rackham. (1th Imp. revised.) Aristotle: Prorlems. W.S. Hott. 2 Vols. {2nd Imp. revised.) Aristotle: Rhetorica Ad Alexandrum (with Problems.
Vol. II.). H. Rackham. Arrian: History of Alexander and Indica. Rev. E. Iliffe Robson. 2 Vols. (3rd Imp.) Athenaeus: Deipnosophistae. C. B. Gulick. 7 Vols. (Vols. I.-1V., VI. and VII. 2nd Imp., Vol. V. 3rd Imp.) R. J. Deferrari. 4 Vols. (2nd Imp.) St. Basil: Letters. Callimachus: Fragments. C. A. Trypanis. Callimachus, Hymns and Epigrams, and Lycophron. A. W. Mair; Aratus. G. R. Mnir. (2nd. Imp.) Clement of Alexandria. Rev. G. W. Butterworth. (3rd Imp.) COLLUTHUS. Cf. OPPIAN. Daphnis and Chloe. Thornley's Translation revised by S. Gaselee. J. M. Edmonds; and Parthenius. (4th Imp.) Demosthenes I.: Olynthiacs, Philippics and Minor Orations. I.-XVII. and XX. J. H. Vince. (2nd Imp.) Demosthenes II.: De Corona and De Falsa Legatione. C. A. Vince and J. H. Vince. (3rd Imp. revised.) Demosthenes III.: Meidias, Androtion, Aristocrates, Timocrates and Aristogeiton, I. and II. J. H. Vince
(2nd Imp.)
Epictetus. W. A. Oldfather. 2 Vols. (3rd Imp.) Euripides. A. S. Way. 4 Vols. (Vols. I. and IV. 1th Imp., Vol. Verse trans. II. Sth Imp., Vol. III. 6th Imp.) Eusebixjs: Ecclesiastical History. Kirsopp Lake and 2 J. E. L. Oulton. Vols. (Vol. I. 3rd Imp., Vol. II. bth Imp.) Galen On the Natural Faculties. A. J. Brock. (4th Imp.) The Greek Anthology. W. R. Paton. 6 Vols. (Vols. I .-IV. Uh Imp., Vol. V. 3rd Imp.) Greek Elegy and Iambus with the Anacreontea. J. M. Edmonds. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 3rd Imp., Vol. II. 2nd Imp.) The Greek Bucolic Poets (Theocritus, Bion, Moschus).
:
J.
M. Edmonds.
(1th
Imp.
revised.)
Ivor Thomas.
2 Vols.
(3rd
Herodes. Cf. Theophrastus Characters. Herodotus. A. D. Godley. 4 Vols. (Vol. I. 4th Imp., Vols. II. and III. bth Imp., Vol. IV. 3rd Imp.) Hesiod and The Homeric Hymns. H. G. Evelyn White.
(1th Imp. revised and enlarged.) Hippocrates and the Fragments of Heracleitus. Jones and E. T. Withington. 4 Vols. (Vol. I.
W. H. S. Uh Imp.,
2 Vols. (1th Imp.) A. T. Murray. 2 Vols. (%th Imp.) Isaeus. E. W. Forster. (3rd Imp.) Isocrates. George Norlin and LaRue Van Hook. 3 Vols. (2nd Imp.) Rev. G. R. St. John Damascene: Barlaam and Ioasaph. Woodward and Harold Mattingly. (3rd Imp. revised.) Josephus. H. St. J. Thackeray and Ralph Marcus. 9 Vols. Vols. I.- VII. (Vol. V. 4th Imp., Vol. VI. 3rd Imp., Vols. I.-IV. and VII. 2nd Imp.) Wilmer Cave Wright. 3 Vols. (Vols. I. and H. Julian 3rd Imp., Vol. III. 2nd Imp.) Lucian. A. M. Harmon. 8 Vols. Vols. I.-V. (Vols. I. and II. 4th Imp., Vol. III. 3rd Imp., Vols. IV. and V. 2nd Imp.)
Homer: Odyssey.
Lycophron. Cf. Callimachus. Lyra Graeca. J. M. Edmonds. 3 Vols. (Vol. I. bth Imp. Vol. II revised and enlarged, and III. 4th Imp.) Lysias. W. R. M. Lamb. (3rd Imp.) Manetho. W. G. Waddell: Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos. F. E.
Robbins.
(3rd Imp.)
Marcus Aureltus. C. R. Haines. (4th Imp. revised.) Men and er. F. G. Allinson. (3rd Imp. revised.) Minor Attic Orators (Antiphon, Andocides, Lycurgus,
Demades, Dinarchus, Hypereides).
J. O. Burrt.
2 Vols.
(Vol.
I.
Nonnos: Dionysiaca. W. H. D. Rouse. 3 Vols. (2nd Imp.) Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus. A. W. Mair. (2nd Imp.) Papyri. Non-Literary Selections. A. S. Hunt and C. C Literary Selections. 2 Vols. (2nd Imp.) Edgar.
(Poetry).
K. 2nd Imp.)
J.
Maidment and
D. L. Page.
(3rd Imp.)
PARTHENIUS. Cf. DAPHNIS AND ChLOE. Pausanias: Description of Greece. W. H. S. Jones. 5 Vols, and Companion Vol. arranged by R. E. Wycherley. (Vols. I. and III. 3rd Imp., Vols. II., IV. and V. 2nd Imp.) 10 Vols. Vols. I.-V.; F. H. Colson and Rev. G. H. Philo. Vols. VI.-IX.; F. H. Colson. Whitaker (Vols. I-II., V.VII., 3rd Imp., Vol. IV. 4ft Imp., Vols. III., VIII., and IX.
2nd Imp.) Philo: two supplementary Vols. (Translation only.) Ralph Marcus. Philostratus The Life of Appollonius of Tyana. F. C. Conybeare. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 4ft Imp., Vol. II. 3rd Imp.) Callistratus Philostratus: Descriptions. Imagines; A. Fairbanks. {2nd Imp.) Lives of the Sophists. Philostratus and Eunapius: Wilmer Cave Wright. {2nd Imp.) Pindar. Sir J. E. Sandys. {8th Imp. revised.) Plato: Charmides, Alcibiades, Hipparchus, The Lovers, Theages, Minos and Epinomis. W. R. M. Lamb. (2nd Imp.) Plato: Cratylus, Parmenides, Greater Hippias, Lesser Hippias. H. N. Fowler. (4ft Imp.) Plato: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus. H. N. Fowler. (Mth Imp.) Plato: Laches, Protagoras, Meno, Euthydemus. W. R. M. Lamb. (3rd Imp. revised.) Plato: Laws. Rev. R. G. Bury. 2 Vols. (3rd Imp.) Plato: Lysis, Symposium Gorgias. W. R. M. Lamb. (5th Imp. revised.) Plato: Republic. Paul Shorey. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 5th Imp., Vol. II. 1th Imp.) Plato: Statesman, Philebus. H. N. Fowler; Ion. W. R. M. Lamb. (1th Imp.) Plato: Theaetetus and Sophist. H. N. Fowler. (1th Imp.) Plato: Timaeus, Critias, Clitopho, Menexenus, Epistulae. Rev. R. G. Bury. (3rd Imp.)
:
:
Plutarch:
Vol. VI.
Moralia. 14 Vols. Vols. I.-V. F. C. Babbitt. P. H. De Lacy and C. Helmbold. Vol. VII. B. Einarson. Vol. X. H. N. Fowler. Vol. XII. H. Cherniss and W. C Helmbold. (Vols. I.-VI. and X. 2nd Imp.) 11 Vols. Plutarch: The Parallel Lives. B. Perrin. (Vols. I., II., VI., VII., and XI. 3rd Imp., Vols. III.-V. and VIII.-X. 2nd Imp.) Polybius. W. R. Paton. 6 Vols. (2nd Imp.) Procopius: History of the Wars. H. B. Dewing. 7 V0I3. (Vol. I. 3rd Imp., Vols. II.-VII. 2nd Imp.) Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos. Cf. Manetho. Quintus Smyrnaeus. A. S. Way. Verse trans. (3rd Imp.) Sextus Empiricus. Rev. R. G. Bury. 4 Vols. (Vol. I. Uh Imp., Vols. II. and III. 2nd Imp.) Sophocles. F. Storr. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 10ft Imp. Vol. II. 6ft
W.
Imp.)
Verse trans.
7
Strabo: Geography. Horace L. Jones. 8 Vols. (Vols. I., V.. and VIII. 3rd Imp., Vols. II., III., IV., VI., and VII. 2nd Imp.) Characters. J. M. Edmonds. Herodes. Theophrastus A. D. Knox. (3rd lmp.\ etc. Theophrastus: Enquiry into Plants. Sir Arthur Horfc,
:
Bart.
2 Vols.
{2nd Imp.)
Thucydides. C. F. Smith. 4 Vols. (Vol. I. 5ih Imp., Vols. II. and IV. ith Imp., Vol. III., 3rd Imp. revised.) Tryphiodorus. Cf. Oppian. Xenophon: Cyropaedia. Walter Miller. 2 Vols. (Vol. I.
Uh Imp., Vol. II. 3rd Imp.) Xenophon: Hellenica, Anabasis, Apology, and Symposium.
Xenophon: Memorabilia and Oeconomicus.
(3rd Imp.)
C. L. Brownson and O. J. Todd. 3rd Imp., Vol. II. Uh Imp.)
3 Vols.
(Vols.
I.
and
II
E. C. Marchanb
(3ri Imp.)
E. C. Marehanfc.
IN
PREPARATION
Greek Authors
Aristotle: History of Animals. Plottnus: A. H. Armstrong.
A. L. Peck.
Latin Authors
Babrius and Phaedrus.
Ben E. Perry.
London
Cambridge, Mass.