FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH FOR 1ST YEAR STUDENTS SEMESTER 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1.UNIT 1: ENGINEERING-GENERAL.1 2.UNIT 2: ENGINEERING MATERIALS8 3.UNIT 3: NUMBERS AND SHAPES...14 4.UNIT 4: MEASUREMENTS...24 5.UNIT 5: DESIGN..26

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'16

U n i tl

Switch on
Look at productsA-F in pairs.Answer the questionsfor each product 1 What ls it? 2 Who uses it? 3 What do you think makesthe designgood or bad?

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Design17

ln thisunit in design O keyterms requirements about design andwriting o speaking questions / NoandInformation o howtoaskYes theirwork describing designers about to andreading o listening theworkof to findoutabout yoursearch skills o using famous designers

Listening
Thedesignprocess
Q Listento a designertalking aboutthe designprocess. the missing stagesby choosingfrom the list. Complete a choosinga solution b evaluating c investigating d realization e thedesignbrief

Match the questionsto eachstagein the design process. Thereis morethan one questionfor some stages.
BXAMPIE

Stage O-gestion 6testng Isitsafe? a What arethe most suitablematerials? b Doesitwork? c \/hatexactlyisrequired? d Howwelldoesit matchthebrief? e Howwilltheproductlook? f Isthis the bestdesign? g How many ways arethereto solvethis problem? h How can we make a prototype?

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Stage

i Can it be improvedT

Stage

danelopinq altemative s olutions

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types Question
o Yes / No andinformationquestions When we want the answerYesor No,we ask questions like these: Doesitwork? Is t safe? r For specificinformation,we ask questionslike these: How wiIItheproductlook? IAIhat materialsareavailable? startwith an auxiliary verb (can, c Yes / No questions which is followedbythe subject: wll, etc.) do,has,is, Ddyou testt? o Informationquestionsstartwith a Wh- question or with how, word (what, where, when,which,who,why, Note the auxiliary howmuch,how many,howlong,etc.). verb and the word orderwhen the questionword is the object: Whatdoes he design? p.116 )) Go to Gramrnarreerence

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1 8 U n i t3

1 Make the statements into Yes/ No ouestions 1 It'ssafe. 2 It works well. 3 You can mould some plastics easily. 4 She made a model. 5 Hehas desgned alot of products. 6 You design sports equipment. 7 The materials are available. 8 He built a prototype. 9 They've drawn a lot of sketches. 10 She thinks nylon is the best choice. 2 Ask information questons to get the answers. 1 Where She works nLondon

Custome]Cae
Usingnon-specialist !anguage

2 When
She movedthere in 2006. 3 What She designs mobile phones. 4 Who I work with a team. 5 Which material Weu se plastic

) 't ? ? ? ?2 ? ?

A computer specialist is trying to advise a nonspecialist about which monitor to buy. Which parts of his explanation might be difficult for a non-specialist to understandT Themonitor is an important part of the human interface with the computer. I advise this TFT XGA l9-inch flat panel.This model has 1024by 768 pixels so you get a high-resolution dsplay.'' Compare this version.Has the specialist missed out anything importantT When you work on a computer,the monitor is very important.It has to be the right size and give you a clear picture so it's comfortable to work with. The screen size is measured diagonally from one corner to another.You need at least a 19-inchscreen.The picture scomposed of tiny picture elements or 'pixels'. The more pixels you have, the sharper the dsplay'This model has a high number of pixels so you'll get avery good display.tt

why

easytomould. Becauset's

How This model weighs 120grammes. How

It costs 4 00.
9 How

Ithas morethan twentvfunctions. Youcan buy it anywhere. ?

10 Where

Work in pairs.Prepare an explanation for a nonspecialist of one ofthese topics or on a topic in your own field. Thentry your explanationwith a new partner. ,* r t' ' how how how how a diesel engine works a semiconductorworks GPS works a nuclear power station works

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You . u ta d e s i g n e r s e et hi n g sa n dy o u s a y ' Wh y ? 'B t h a tn e v e r w e r ea n d s a y s ' W h y not?' d r e a mt sh i n g s Bernard Shawadaptedby DickPowell George

It'smy job
Studythe requirementsin the designbrief for KennethBlake,a FurnltureDesigner. Then match eachrequlrementto the correctreason. Product:garden chair Requirement 1 lightwelght
7 s f r' n -" "n oo

Kenneth Blake: FurnitureDesgner

I decided to use piastic becauseit's durable.You can make it in a lot of colours and it's easy to mass-produce plasticitems. I went to the local garden centre to examine the chairs other companies made,the rival products,and to find out their cost - about 2 0. I bought three different models. I wanted a chair without arms so I cut the arms off one.This made the back too weak so I added vertical supports to make the back stronger. I sketchedmy designs on paper,and from these I producedtechnical drawings with all the dimensions. I made a full-scale model to make sure the chair looked good and was comfortable. Then I transferred my drawings to a 3-D computer modelling program, and sent a copy by fiie transfer to the moulding company. They made a mould and sent me a prototype chair. I added more supports to the back and the chair was ready to

Reason a storeseasilyin wrnter b spendsmost of the time outside c supportsheavy adults d keeps manufacturing costslow
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pecrrtnliff

3 stackable availablein a range of colours 5 durable 6 comfortable 7 easyto mass-produce for ]essthan 2 0 8 se]ls

f competeswith

rva]s looks attractive

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i-6 with Readabout Kenneth.Comoletesentences words from the text. 1 Plasticis very hard-wearing- it's-. 2 A companywhich competeswith yours is a helps to make a structurestronger

Write questionsto ask Kenneth about his design.The answersshould be ln the text above.
EXAMPLE S

Why did you go to thegardencentre? How much do gardenchairscost? Did you make a model? Now practiseyour questionsin pairs.Taketurns to ask and answer.

hsdesigns first and then makesfi nished drawings.

You can make hundreds of plastic chairs from one 6 Ais a model which is readyfor testing.

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2O Unit3

Gadget box
This wall-mounted CD player wasdesigned byJapanese justforfun in1999. designer Naoto Fukasawa Nowit is products oneof thetopselling at Muji. Whydoyou think thisdesign issosuccessful?

Listening
Workingwith design
t You are going to hear three people talking about their work with design. Before you listen, find out how each of the words in the diagram below relates to design. Use the Glossaryon p.131to help.

Problem-solving
1 Work in small groups.Look at the desgns for chars which are used in a room intended both for lectures and for ndoorsports. List the advantages and disadvantagesof each model. Usefullanguage It'stooheavy. Itlooks comfortable. It'snot strong enough. You can stack it.It's stackable.

OTSIGN

Q A 1 2

Now listen and note the answers to the questions.

Karl What does he design? What two things does he think about when he's designing? 3 Whatdoeshestartwith? Martin What does he design? What two things does he have to balance? Whatdoeshestartwith? Hilary What does she do? Whattwo groups does sheworkwith? What doesshehavetoworkout? 2 In your groups,design a chair for use in classrooms in your school or college.Sketchyour solution and present it to the c]ass. Decide which charis the most suitable.

B 4 5 6 C 7 8 9

Work in pairs. Write down as much as you can of what Karl says.Help each other to make a complete and accurateverslon.Then compare with the Llstening scripton p.125.

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Design 21

Checklist
Assess your progress in this unit. Tick(/)the statements which aretrue. I k n o wk e yt e r m sf o rt h e m a i ns t a g e s i n t h e d e s i g np r o c e s s l c a n a s kY e s / No andInformation questiona s ccurately l c a ne x p l a i n u s i n gn o n - s p e c i a l il s atn g u a g e My reading andlistening a r eg o o d e n o u g ht o u n d e r s t a n d m o s to f e a c ht e x t i n t h i su n i t

Pairwork
I Work in pairs,A and B. Each of you has information about one designer.Complete the table below for your designerand exchange information with your partner by asking and answeringquestions. StudentA Go to p.110. Student As designer Name Dates Nationa lity Famouf so r d e s i g in ng Student B FerdinandPorsche(1875-1951). Austrian car designer who contributed to the design of the first Volkswagen and the Auto Union racing cars. 2 ln your pairs,find out the same information about thesedesigners StudentB's designer

Key words
Adjectives rivaI vertical Nouns brief c o s tn r 8s function man ufacturer model mould product prototype supporr Verbs evaIuate investigate m a s s - p r ou dc e sketch N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n g a b o u th o w E n g l i s h isused i n t e c h n o l o g y t h aits n e w t o y o u .

These sites may help you: w w w . t i n y u rc l. om/qat7n www.wikipedia.org

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UNIT 4
. Working with dnwings o Discussing dimensions and precision o Describing phases and design procedures o Resolving designproblems
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Working with drawings

ln pairs, discuss the different types of design information needed on a complex engineering project, such as the construction of a large cruise ship. How many different drawings do you think might be produced for such a project? How would they be organised and categorised?

2a

)l.t loe, a technician at a shipyard, is talking to Linda, one of his engineering colleagues in the design office. He is asking about some information which he can't find on any of the drawings. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions. I What area of the ship are they discussing? 2 What does the technicianneed to know? Complete the following definitions using the types of drawing in the box. ew cross-section elevation exploded specification p\art\ 1 X 2 An 3 An together. 4 A5 A6 Adrawing. 1 Anote phn schematic

gives a view of the whole deck, trom above. gives a vlew of all the panels,from the front. gives a deconstructed view of how the panels are fixed gives a cutawayview of the joint betweentwo panels. gives a simplifiedrepresentation of a networkof air ducts. to another related gives a brief descriptlonor a reference of the panels. gives detailedwrittentechnicaldescriptions

Which two types of drawing in Exercise 2b are examples of general arrangement drawings, and which two are examples of detail drawings?

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Read the followingtechnicalquestionsthat came up during the shipbuildingproject and decide whichtype of drawingis requiredto answer each question. lHowmanypane|saretherealtogetheronthiswa|l?2 What profileare thesehollowbeams:rectangular or circular? aroundthe deck perimeter? 3 Whatare the positions of all the floodlights 4Howmanybranchescomeoffthemainsprink|ersupp|ypipe?components of the fan unitfit together? 5 Howdo all the internal

3a b

What is meant by scale on a drawing? ln pairs, o<plainhow a scale rule, like the one shownin the picture,is used. )u nfter receivingthe drawings for the panets,Joe is now discussing some details with Pavel, a colleague. Listen to the conversation and answer the followingquestions. is not shownon the drawing? I What pieceof information 2 What golden rale is mentioned? Complete the following extracts from the conversation and explain what is meant by each one. I /s fhis drawing scale? 2 lt's one five. 3 ... gou shouldn'tscale drawings... 4 ... it's actual size,on a --scale drawing...

You are engineers on a proiect to design the metal handrailthat will run around the perimeter of the top, outdoor deck of a large cruise ship. !n pairs, discuss what drawings you will need to produce for manufacturingand installation with regard to the followingissues: o the typesof viewthat will be required and whateach one will show o the approximate scaleof different drawings and views o whatwritteninformation you will needto providein the specification. You are going to provide design information to enable a productionteam to manufacture a product or applianceyou knowwell. Make a list of some of the drawingsthat will be needed,notingwhat each one willshow.

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Unit 4 Engineeringdesign

Discussing dimensions and precision

6 d ln pairs, discuss what is meant by precision and accuracg. Read the technical advice web page and answer the following questions. 1 How is a superflatfloor differentfrom an ordinary concretefloor? 2 What accuracycan be achievedwith ordinary slabs, and with superflatslabs? 3 What problem is describedin high bay warehouses?

FAO Floors: Superlat

What is a superflatfloor? process. finishing thesurface Wet is aninherent|y imprecise For anordinary Compacting and o concrete within tolerance, engineers canonly realistically expect thesurface to befinished concrete slab to belaid to plus Bycontrast, superflat concrete floors arefinished to meet extremely close tolerances, orminus 5mm. '1mm being accurate towithin across their upper surface. Where are superffatfloors used? toIerances specified inwarehouses where Automated Floor suraces with extreme|y tight arerequent|y problematic Vehicles floors areespecially inhigh bay warehouses, which use Guided operate Uneven fork|ifts reach ormore' At such a height, s|ight variations in|oor automated with a verticaI o 30metres |eveI intheform verticaI ti|t, inaccurate manoeuvring at high |evel' | these areamp|ified o causing variations tolerance they canlead tocollisions with racking elements, orcause items to be areoutside pa||ets. rom dropped

ln pairs, discuss what is meant by tolerance in the context of dimensions and precision.

Complete the following expressions from the web page which are used to describe tolerances. I tolerance(insidethe limits of a given tolerance) 2 -or-Smm(+/-5mm) 3 tolerance(closetolerance) 4-to|erance(notinsidethe|imitsofto|erance)

Complete the following sentences using the expressions in Exercise 6d. The frame'stoo big for the opening.The opening'sthe right size,so the frame mustbe 2 The total t o l e r a n c e is I mm.The oermissible variation e i t h e rs i d e o f t h e i d e a l is The engineerspecified + / - 5mm for the slab finish,and we got it to + I - 2mm. So it's well 4 You can't finish concreteto + / - 0. I mm. There'sno wav vou can work to such I ln some situations, engineers describe tolerances using p/us or minus, for example +/ - I mm, and in other situations as within, for example within lmm.ln pairs, discuss the difference in meaning between these two descriptions, giving examples of situations where each description might be used.

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7a

)q.i f\4ei,a structural engineer, is talking to Lewis, a project manager, about the floor specification for a manufacturing plant that is currently at design stage. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions. I 2 5 4 5 What has the client requestedwith regard to the floor slab? What are free movementfloors and defined movementfloors? What issue does the engineerdiscuss regardingquality? grinding? W h a t o p t i o ni s d i s c u s s e d involving What can be done to the reinforcement to permit grinding?

Complete the following table using the words in the text in Exercise 6b and audioscript 4.3 on page 89. 1 2 3 4 5 Name of dimension Whafsthe-? wi|h Whas 11]g ? What's the-? thickrress? What's 11g -? What's the Large dimension Is it -? Is it -? high Is 11 Is it -? 7
Smat[ dimension Is it short? Is it nanow? Is it [ow? Is it thin? Is it shallow?

Is i1 a\eep 7

Mei has done a revised drawing for the floor slab. Read the extract from her email about the new design and complete the message using the correct form of the words in Exercise 7b.
To: Lewis Rosas Subiect: Bevised floor slab drawing

ordefinedmovement. s|ab,now reconfigured P|easefind attacheda reviseddrawingorthe |oor wie (as specifiedby the c|ient) |n orderto accommodateguidedvehicIes1 08Omm(1) WepropoSeastandard(2)-of1280mmforeachsuperf|at|ane.At14.5m,the (3)-ofthe|ongest|aneonthenetworkiswithinthemaximumslabrunthatcanbecast jointson straightruns.On curved sections,a in a singleconcretepour,thus avoidingconstruction per recommendations. the guidedvehicle manufacturer's radiusis used,as standard 8.5m turning for the eventua|ity we have |ocatedthe top |ayeroreinorcement |norderto a||ow of futuregrinding, (4)has not, however,been 1Ommdeeper below the slab surface.This additional The reinforcing bars also remain which remains 275mm. added to the overallslab (5) , - many of which need process installations in I2mm diameter. As a result, the levelsof wall-mounted above finishedfloor level- are unaffected. to be fixedat a precise(6)-

Which two words in the email relate to circles? What aspects of a circle do they describe? W The manufacturing plant in Exercise 7 will be built from a steel frame. The vertical elements of the frame will be Universal Columns (UCs). Look at the section of a UC. ln pairs, describe the different dimensions that define a UC profile by explaining what the letters on the section refer to.

flanges

TI

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Describing designphasesand procedures

9 10 !n pairs, discuss what is meant by a design process.lnengineering, what are the stages in the developmentof designs? a The followingextracts from emails relate to a projectto build an indoor ski complexin Australia, using artificial snow.The messageswere circulatedby an engineerto membersof the design team, and to a specialistcontractor. questions. Read the emailsand, in pairs,answerthe following Note that the emails are not in the correct order. I Whatare all the emailsabout? 2 Whatdifferent typesof documents are mentioned?
We now have a fullset of workingdrawingsfor the main ski lift(attached). These incorporate some amendmentsrequestedby the client, which have now been approved.Hard to the re|evant copies have been oruvarded contractors'premises,for fabrication. . It I i ; I attacha summaryof our meetingwith the clientlast Tuesday.lt outlinesideas expressed team, and describes OVthe client'smarketing what an experienceat the ski complex should pointoview.We'||be be like,from a visitor's Soingthroughthese notes at the prolectkickmeetingnextThursday, to c|arify the design o brie, so p|easeormulate any queriesbeore then.

.. P|easefind attacheda fu|| set opre|iminary II drawings,as submittedto the clientfor approva| / comments.These are orinformation , only at this stage.

o Attachedare a few roughsketchessetting out the overalllayoutof the ski complex.At this point,these are initial ideas based on the client'ssuggestionsand the approximate dimensionsspecifiedin the design brief.I look forwardto any feedback by the end othis

week.

|| l|

" Please note that dwg 18A is currently being revised, to resolveproblemsencountered duringassemblyof the ski lift.BevisionB will be circulatednext week. Untilthe amended drawingis issued,pleasetreatdwg 18A as superseded.lf you require specificdetails please contact me, and I will arrange urgently, ora suitab|e sketch to be issued'

II

Put the emails in the correct sequence. l_2_3_4_5

C Complete the following definitions using the types of drawing in the box. designbrief pretiminary drawing sketch working drawing

lA-isaroughdrawingofinitia|ideas,a|sousedwhenproduction problems requireengineersto amend design details and issue them to the workforceimmediately. 2A-isawrittenSummaryintendedtospecifydesignobjectives. 3A-isanapproveddrawingusedformanufacturingorinsta||ation There is often a need to revisethese drawingsto resolveproductionproblems. In this case,amended versionsare issued to supercedethe previousones. 4A-isadetai|eddrawingthatco||eaguesandconsu|tantsare invitedto approve if they accept them, or commenton if they wish to request any changes. 34 design Unit 4 Engineering

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Find synonyms for the following words in the definitions in Exercise I Oc. 5 give feedback | 1 accept I aQ?vo\le 6 rePlace/uPdatel2 a m e n dl 7 statel3 approximatel8 solvel4 circulatelIn pairs, suggest what needs to be done next in each of the following situations. 1 They'vefound a problem with drawing63 on site.The detail we'vespecified doesn'twork. 2 I'vedone a preliminarydesign for the duct layout,but the client hasn't seen it yet. 3 I'vegot a feelingthe drawingthey have on site isn't the latest one. 4 We'vejust reviseddrawing 14. The changesare going to affectthree different contractors. 5 This is the client'swritten design brief. How shall we kick off the design work? Leo is the ski complex proiect manager. With design work about to begin, he is meeting senior engineers from the design teams to discuss design coordination. ln pairs, exp|ain the items on the meeting agenda and suggest what kinds of issue might be discussed. Australian Ski complex - Design Coordination Meeting Agendj Tuesday 8th May Conerenceroom 9.30am - 1.00am To: RN, LG, SB, CW, Sft ltem a b c Design interface(mechanical. etectrical) Design and inormation |ow procedure (structural' mechanical, electrical) Inter-team communicationorma| and informa|

Ll

b )tl Listen to three extracts from the meeting and match each extract (l-3) to an agenda item (a-c). l_ c 2_ 3_

}l'l Listen again and make notes about the problem. discussed in the meeting. ln pairs, discuss some possible solutions to the problems.

d }s.s Listen to Leo summarising the solutions that have been agreed in the meeting. What has been decided regarding the following Points? I

The decisionthat the senior engineerin each team must make, regarding drawings 2 The circulationprocedurethat will be used for each drawing 3 The role of the M&E coordinatorin relationto the senior engineersand the projectmanager easier 4 The arrangementthat will make informalcommunication e ln pairs, discuss how the design procedures discussed in the meeting will work in the following situations. I lssuingthe first draft of a specialisedhydraulichose drawingfor the ski lift equipment 2 Designingan electricalsupply systemfor some water-cooling and its machinery ski-lift some details between 3 Revisingthe connection foundation concrete

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f
72 13

Resotving designproblems
In pairs, discuss problems that can arise when different drawings that make up a design are not properly coordinated. d The following records are from the indoor ski complex project. They show correspondence between the design team and construction team. Read through the texts quickly and answer the following questions. I What is the general subjectof the correspondence? 2 What is meant by querg and instruction? 5 Some queries refer to earlier conversations. Suggestwhy these have been followedup in writing. 4 What is meant by dwg and dims?

coNTRAcToR,s No.87 QUERY

Followingour telephoneconversotion todoy,we note thotthere is o discreponcybetweendwgs ZE ond78E, which indicote con|icting dimensions for thewidthof the roofopening.Pleoseclorifywhich is correct. dimension

ENGINEER'SINSTRUCTION
We confirm the correct dimension is on dwg 7E. Pleosedisregord the dims on dwg Z8E.

coNTRACToR,sQUERYNo. 88

ENGINEER'SINSTRUCTION

As discussed thismorningon site,we confirm there Pleosework to ottochedsketchS33. is o closh betweenthe proposedcoble hoy (dwg Revisionof dwg E5 to fo||ow. E5} ond oir<onditioning duciwork(nowinsto||ed o s p e r d w g M l I 8 ) i n t h ec e i l i n g v o i do t G r i d D l 4 . Pleoseodviseon on olternotive coble route.

coNTRAcToR's QUERY No.89

ENGINEER'SINSTRUCTION

A noteon dwg 1 1A specifies block boltsot the Pleoseprovide further detoi|sothe HSFG bo|tsyou bose of the ski liftcoble support. Thiscontrodicts the ore proposing. specificotion, which stotes thotoll iointsto comprise High Strength Friction Grip bolts.We proposeusing HSFG fixingsot thislocotion.

CONTRACTOR'S QUERYNo. 870

ENGINEER'SINSTRUCTION

Further to Query 89, the proposedHSFG bo|ts ore Approved. os per thosespecified for oll otherboltediointson the ski liftsupports. is to use o single Our intention boltspec to focilitote ossembly. Read the correspondence in detail. Write the query numbers in Exercise 1 3a next to the descriptions (l -5). You will need to refer to some queries more than once. l 2 3 4 5 An insta||ation that won't fit, aS componentsare in each other's way 8,8 A responsefrom the engineerasking for more information Oueries that suggesta solution,which will requirethe engineer's approval Requeststo the engineerto instructthe contractoror make somethingclear. Separate documentsreferringto details that don't correspondwith each other

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T
{ C Complete the following pairs of sentences using the verbs in the box. advise ctarifo ctash propose request . I The componentsare in each other'sway. : The componentsmore information. 2 Please ask for more information.: Please a solution? 3 Can I suggesta solutionto the problem? : Can | 4 Please instructthe supplierto send the parts to this address. : Please the supplier. any 5 Any conflicting details must be queried. : You must conflicting details. 4 a In pairs, look at the following plan and sections from a drawing on the ski complex project, showing steelwork details on part of a ski lift. Examine how the rectangular plate is bolted to the T profile below it. Can you find the discrepancy between the details, and the clash preventing the connection from being assembled?

ooo oo ooo

Section B-B

Section A-A

Chen, a technician, is explaining the problem in Exercise 14ato Ron, an engineer. Complete the conversation using the words in the box. alternative as per ctarifo clash confirm contradicts djtc'e'afiey propose Chen: There3 o (1) iscvePartrc/ between these detai3 that gou might be oble to (2) straight awag. On the plan of this plate, it shows eight bolts. But on section A, here, there are no bolts shown in the middle,Sotherewouldonlybesix,whichobviousla(3)-the plan. But as Aou can see, this plate's going to be bolted to a T profile. So we couldn't put a row of bolts down the middle, because theA'd (4) with the flange running along the middle of the T. So I'd just going for two rows of bolts. The (6) (5) would be to redesign the T section, which would obviouslg be a bigger job. Ron: Yes. Let's go for two rows of bolts, (7) the sections. that? Chen: OK fine. Will gou send an email to (8) -

)o.g tisten to the conversation and check your answers to Exercise l4b. How does the explanation compare with your description of the problem? Write an email from Ron to Chen, confirming the revision agreed in the discussion above.

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Unit 4 Engineering design

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