Linux Server

-
[root@local host ~] # useradd lincon_fci [root@local host ~] # useradd lincon_fci [root@local host ~] # passwd lincon_fci
Basic computer networking With Linux redhat Enterprise-5
[root@local host ~] # touch /mnt a1 a2 a3 a4

[root@local host ~] # date 0512102510 [root@local host ~] # cal 1992 [root@local host ~] # history [root@local host ~] # fdisk l [root@local host ~] # useradd lincon_fci
[root@local host ~] # passwd lincon_fci

[root@local host ~] # touch /mnt a1 a2 a3
Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5
:-
:
(6th batch) - E-mail: lincon_fci@hotmail.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/shariful.islam.56863?ref=tn_tnmn
Blog : http://new.somewhereinblog.net/blog/fcilincon
Mobile : 01826106255
(4th batch)
,, (running)
(4th batch)
,, (ET) (running)
Daffodil international university, Dhaka-bangladesh
Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

, ,- , ,
-,
https://www.facebook.com/FciIctClub?ref=ts&fref=ts -
Basic computer networking & linux Redhat Enterprise 5 by MD.Shariful Islam lincon. Data telecommunication & networking department. Feni computer institute-feni. Published by FCIICT club. Cover Designed by G.Md. Mursalin
[
[ , ,- , ,
-,
:
( Institute) , , , - , : , , CSE) (Feni , - , Computer , -
, ,
Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
DTM Road, New Ranir-hat, Feni Bangladesh Web: www.fcibd.net
( , , ,
CSE)
ATT & MCC Lab
ICT Lab
-- :
..
-(16-28 No. page)
.. Computer network .. .. ... ... ... .. .. (LAN) (LAN) (MAN) (WAN)
... Network interface card (NIC) ... NIC driver ... ... ... (Hub) (switch) (Network Media) (Conector) (Router)
... RJ-45 ... .. .. .. .. (OSI -7 Layer) (Server)
.. ,,
- :
..
(29-37 No. page)
.. , , .. UTP Cable- .. UTP Cable- .. ... Straight through Cable ... Crossover Cable ... Crimper ... Straight through Cable ... Crossover Cable ... . . . .. .. .. ... ... .. Hybrid (stat topology) - (bus) RJ-45 Jack
.. ..
(Network Protocol) TCP/IP (IP address)
(38-46 No. page)
, , /, ... ,
... IP Address ... IP Class ... (Range of IP Class)
IP Address
... ..
(Class C IP Address) ... (Socket)
... Port number .. .. .. (Firewall)
-(Windows-7)
..
-
-
(47-53 No. page)
.. Ping Command .. ..
..
(54-83 No. page)
10
.. .. .. .. .. .. ... ...
,(linux OS) - - Hard-disk partition (Advantage of linux Operating Syastem)
(84-105 No. page)
.. Linux command mode .. Shutdown, Restart and Logout .. Others useful commands .. .. File Formatting ... Touch file formating ... Cat file formating ... vi file/editor formating . .. .. RHCT (Folder Command) RHCE (Directory Command) :
11
- :
.. .. .. Group .. ..
(process of Create a new user)
(106-140 No. Page)
Normal user
New User Create
.. Root User ..
Password Change Supper User Copy
.. Terminal Block .. .. .. .. .. root Time Permission Block/ Un-block File Access Permission Permission
Supper User
(File Permission Testing) Supper User Password
.. .exrc file .. .bashrc file .. Login .. Login Tittle Tittle Banner Banner Text-String Text-String
.. File Compress system in Linux .. .. .... .... Zip UnZip UnZip

Zip
12
.. File Encrypted System in Linux .. Bridged .. Mobile Drive Mount .. CD ROM Mount .. Drive Access/ Mount .. Linux Software installation .. Yum Installation .. .. Super/root User .. grab.conf .. Boot Password Password Super/ root User Password (AT) Access
- :
. . . Swap Partition .. DUMPING .. LVM (Logical Volume Management): . Raid Partition Hard disk (Normal Partition)
(141-153 No. Page)
:
IP Set
(154-166 No. Page)
.. Linux OS ... Linux OS
IP Set
13
... Linux OS .. Host Name ... ... .. Host Name Host Name
IP Set
.. linux to linux networking .. Remote login ... Normal User ... Remote login .. (Fairewall for network security) Port Block Block Block message message Remote login
... ... ... .. Root User
Remote User
Remote host computer Normal Remote User
... Root /Normal User
Normal Remote User
(167-206 No. Page)
.. Network File System (NFS) ... nfs Server / Access
.. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Service ... FTP System File transferming ... Internet Browser run tool Windwos Client Pc FTP
.. Network Information System (NIS)

14
..
(SAMBA)
.. Domain Naming System (DNS) ... Domain name Server ... Primary Domain Name Server (PDNS) ... Secoundary Domain Name Server (SDNS) .. Web Server .. (Mail server)
.. Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) .. (Proxy Server)
(Appendix)
(207 No. page)
15
-:
. . Computer network printer, scanr Share computer User : Resource - File, Cable,
telephone-line, satellite Process :
.. Computer network Computer networking , *=
: , ,
. . Computer- Data User computer Data Resource Resource , Computer- Access
Server computer Hard disk- Share ,
-File, printer, scanner, Software
16
Server computer Network
security userAccess
high
name
data,
password
message, e-mail, chat, voice
..
: -
LAN- Local Area Network MAN- Metropoliton Area Network WAN- Wide Area Network
... -
(LAN): LAN
..: (LAN)
17
... (MAN)
(MAN):
..:
(MAN)
...
(WAN): , , ,
WAN -
..: (WAN)
18
. . Communication Component): (Media) (Protocol) / (massage/data) (sender) (Receiver)
(Assential
* * . . Computer Resource (LAN): Network Resource Printer, Scaner
Components
... Network interface card (NIC): NIC Card , data CPU computer Hardware computer , NIC NIC Network Adapter- digital
... :
Network interface card (NIC)

19
, Address
NIC- OSI Layer MAC (MAC-Media Access Control)
start>run>cmd>ipconfig/all
... : ... NIC driver: NIC ... driver software driver software (Hub): , NIC
active
PC

OSI Layer
20
..:
(Hub)
...
- (switch) :
..: Switch
21
Switch Network
Hard waredevice
Cable Hub MAC Address ,
Computer , Switch Hub - Address , Cisco
Switch
Switch Hub -
Address
MAC Address
IP Address
VLAN (Virtual LAN)
... -
(Network Media) : RJ-45 cable, Co-axial cable, Radio link, satellite, tele-phone line RJ-45 cable Device Data
..:
UTP Cable
22
...
(Conector) :
..: RJ- 45 Cable Computer Cable ... (Router): 3 layer device, OSI Layer , IP Address NIC, Switch Conector Device
..:
23
Area Network) , , RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF
LAN (Local Area Network) Wireless Router IP Address , . . (Routing Protocol) , , Wired
WAN (Wide Wireless MAC Address
(Server): / , -
- data
backup, file sharing, print service, application/software sharing, message service, database service, e-mail service, chat/voice call service , - , , ,
24
, RAM
. : . . NFS FTP SAMBA NIS PDNS SDNS Web Serever Maill Server DHCP Proxy Server Gate Way
*** Server
:-
(Network File System) (File Transfer Protocol) (Network Information System) (Primary Domain Name Server) (Secondary Domain Name Server)
(Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
***
25
.. ,
.:
.. , :-
, Band-width
( )

.. , ,
(OSI -7 Layer) : Computer Networking ISO-International ,

OSI-Open System Interconnection , Organization
Sandard
Protocol OSI Layer
26
Layer ( , Physical layer , Layer , : ) ,
:. OSI (Sender)
Application layer ,
Presentation layer, Session.... Machine Code (Receiver) , OSI Layer OSI
Physical layer
.: ,,
27
OSI-7
Layer
; Frame error chaking Sent data packete Establish , Format Application Support - Data Base Access, e-mail, Service data conversion, , Application - , management, , Routing Physical Bit Frame management
Physical Layer : Layer Transmit Data Link NETWORK Transport Session : : Ackhnologement : Packete Frame fragmentation data packete Session : data link layer
Fragmentation, de-fragmentation, Sequence
Termination : : User
Presentation Application
incryption, De-cryption File Transfer
*** , ,
, , , - - OSI Layer ***
========*************========
28
-: ,
. . wave ) channel wirless media ( :
co-axial cable, fiber optical -radio wave, micro wave, infrared
cable, UTP/STP cable
..: Co-axial Cable
..: Fiber optical cable
..: ,,
..:
..:
..: Infrared
29
*** UTP cable **** . . , , UTP Cable: Wire media
(UTP-Unshielded Twisted Pair) UTPColor Code Insulating Material UTP Cable
.: ,,
.. UTP Cable- . EMI, RFI, Cross-talk . Color Code . Effect Data Transmit
. Data Transmission speed 100 Mbps. .. UTP Cable- . Attenuation :
. Long distance Data Transmit
30
. EMF, RFI, Cross-talk . 32-38 Mbps
Effect
Data Transmission speed 100 Mbps
UTP Cable
*** UTP Cable Engineering RJ-45 Cable , RJ-45 Connector ***

. . computer, Process Color Code RJ-45 Cable , (Cabling) : RJ-45 Connector ,
Connector
Computer :
RJ-45 Cable
o Straight Through Cabling o Crossover Cabling ... Straight Through Cable: State through Color Code , , , Straigh Cabling , Straight through Cable Straight Through Cabling ( , , - , , Process -
) Connector
Cable
..: Straight Through color code

31
... Crossover Cable: Crossover Color Code , Cabling , , ( - , Cable , , , ,
) Connector
Process
Cross
State through Cabling
Crossover Cabling
Crossover Cable
..: Crossover Cable color code
... Crimper
..: Crimper
Crimper Color Code
Crimper
, Crossover ,
32
Straight Through
8B Connector , Crimper
... Straight through Cable
:
Straight Through Cable -
Computer to Switch Switch to Printer Switch to Router ... Crossover Cable : Cross Cable etc.
Computer to Computer Switch to Switch Router to Router Computer to Router etc.
... RJ-45 Jack
RJ-45 Jack
RJ-45 Cable Connector
.: RJ-45 jack of Lan Card

33
. . Straight Cable Switch Switch
Straight Cable
.: LAN Connection
. .
(A Network Topology is the physical layout of the computers, servers, and cables.) LAN
. . (bus) (ring) (star)
(hybrid/mash)
34
...
(bus)
: Co-axial
..:
...
..:
...
(stat topology) : switch / hub


35
(The star topology consists of all of the nodes on a network connected to a central switch or hub. A node is a device attached to the network - such as a computer.) source internet.
..
Switch PC Communicate
PC
, PC
Switch Device
Straight-through Cable
Switch
....
: , ,
36
.... Switch Switch Port
: , , Switch
... ,
Hybrid , hybrid
: , hybrid
- WAN, Internet
*** RJ-45 Cable Straight Cable,
Cross Cable
, ,
- ***
=======****=======*****=========*******========
37
-:
. . Communication , o TCP o IP o IPX/SPX o NetBEUI o HTTP o FTP (Network Protocol): (Network Protocol)
Network Protocol
*** TCP/ IP ***
...
, , / ,
TCP/ IP : - Remote
TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP, login, File Transfer, e-mail, Data
IP- Internet Protocol -
... ,
(IP address) : ,
38
IP address
IP Address Dot (.) IPv4
:- 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001 (Binary Format) IP Address IP Address ,
192.168.0.1 (Decimal Format)
... IP Address IP Address , ,
: IP address
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E
... IP Class o Class A o Class B o Class C o Class D o Class E
(Range of IP Class) : Range 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0 [Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 ] [Subnet mask 255.255.0.0 ] [Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 ] [ Reserve ] [ Reserve ]
Range 128.0.0.0 to 191.0.0.0 Range 192.0.0.0 to 223.0.0.0 Range 224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0 Range 240.0.0.0 to 255.0.0.0
39
... internet
IP Address: Access o Class A o Class B o Class C Range Range Range Non-Routable IP Address IP Address , ,
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

*** Local Area Networking- ***
...
(Advantage of IP):
Ethernet cable networking. Fiber-optic cable networking. Satellite Communication. Radio Link. physical media Communication set-up IP
.. Class C 192.0.0.0 :- 255.268.2.1 ,
(Class C IP Address): Class C Default Mask IP Address
192-223 ,
223.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
40
.:
: : Router ...
(Socket):
Communication
TCP/IP Network Computer to Computer IP Socket IP Address Port number
Host
Communication Port number
... Port number: IP Application , Port
41
:TCP/IP 20-21
20-21
File Transfer Protocol
Port number
.. , Configure designe ,
Port
Security ;
Protocol Name
ftp
Port Number
20-21
Application
File Transfer Protocol SSH Remote Access (
linux Remote Login
ssh 22
Login
Protocol login
)
Remote
linux
TELNET.telnet 23 Smtp RAP 38 25
Server
Switch/Router Telnet protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Router Access Protocol. Network- high speed Communication RAP
42
DNS 53
Domain name server. Web site host name DNS-Server hosting Trivial File Transfer Protocol Gopher World Wide Web /Hyper protocol. http URL Network printing protocol text transfer
tftp gopher www/http
69 70
80 NPP DCP 93 82
pop2 109 pop3 110 nntp imap SNMP irc imap3 119 143 161 194 220
Device Controll Protocol Networking device DCP Post Office Protocol-V2. Mail data receive POP Post Office Protocol-V3 Mail data receive POP Network News Transfer Protocol Internet Message Access Protocol Simple network management protocol. Internet Relay Chat Protocol Interactive Mail Access Protocol V3
43
printer imap4-ssl ftps telnets imaps ircs pop3s
515 585 990 992 993 994 995
Spooler IMAP4+SSL (use 993 instead) ftp protocol, control, over TLS/SSL telnet protocol over TLS/SSL imap4 protocol over TLS/SSL irc protocol over TLS/SSL pop3 protocol spop3) over TLS/SSL (was
MAILBOX UDP Proxy port DHCP TCP
2004 3804 8080

Defauld fort 3128
User datagram protocol
Dynamic host configure protocol Transmission control protocol
. . , , Hardware - Softeare
(Firewall) : Access
Remote Login
44
.:
.. Windows-7 panel >>
-(Windows-7) , Start >>
: Control
System and security >>
Windows Firewall >> Allowed Programs
.: Allowed Programs
45
public/private
*** - IP, IP address address , TCP/IP, Port Number ***
, IP
=======***=====****========*****=====
46
-: - -
. , - IP Address 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.3 - : , Class C ;
.:
IP Setup ;
LAN Card Install
Installation User name
Password
> Control Panel > Network And Internet > Networking And Sharing Center > Change adapter Settings > Local Area Connection double Click , Window ;
47
Internet Protocol 4(TCP/IPv4) :-
OK
Properties
48
Mask
Use the following IP address: Gateway Address (ISP) GPRS Modem DNS Server Address (Client) IP Address / , ping , Server , Internet- Gateway Address IP Address 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.2,
IP Address IP
Subnet
IP Address Address IP IP Address
192.168.0.1, Address Subnet Mask ( Address
192.168.2.3......
(Subnet Mask)
255.255.255.0
Gateway
DNS Server Address
Gateway Address
DNS Server Address )
DNS Server Address
, (.
Client
ping
49
Start
>> Show
Network
Show
Restart
Network Password
show Login
Resource User Name
. Ping Command
Ping TCP/IP tool DOS mode ping<space> ( internet
start >> run >> cmd >> <Enter>) IP Address<space>-t
Ping (IP-address/Host name) t (Enter)

:- ping 192.168.2.11 -t Ping lincon@fci.com t Ping www.google.com t
.. .
Ping Command
IP Address ping command time out
Unknown host/ transmit failed
50
.. . ping 192.168.2.11
Output
, , -
192.168.2.11 192.168.2.11
: Drive ( -C,D,E,F,G
File/folder
,
File/folder

Share with >> Advanced sharing. >> Advanced sharing.
>> Share this folder >> Apply >> OK
. , , Sharing Grammen Phone LAN ,
(Wirless Modem): Wirless Modem Internet Sharing Internet
51
Modem Networking And Sharing
> Control Panel Center Click >
>
Network And Internet adapter > Ok Settings
> >
Change
Properties LAN 4.2.2.1
, > Sharing > , OK Default gateway IP
DNS IP
Default gateway IP
IP,
Modem
.:
Gateway
DNS IP
52
Browser
-internet Explorer)
Open
: :
Gateway
gateway
*** ../ - Internet Resource
linux base ***
=============**************=============
53
-: ( )
. . . . (Banyan) (Novell) (Microsoft) linux (Network Operating System) (Novell) : : (NOS) Session layer- (NOS)
NOS OSI-Model
Application, Presentation,
Microsoft NT/2000 Server (Unix) (linux)
Protocol (SMB-Server Message Blocks)
* (Novell) Protocol (NCP-Netware Core Protocol) Protocol SAMBA
* linux Unix
. . -
User Friendly Operating System (For normal user) Non- User Friendly Operating System (For Server)
54
**Non- User Friendly Operating System , ** ; Windows base NOS
Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 linux base NOS ; Radhat Enterprise linux 9,6,5 Fedora SUSE Ubuntu Linux mint
Radhat Enterprise linux-5
..
Developer Source Software linux
(linux):
Internet- Open
.: (linus Torvalds)
55
. .

(Advantage of linux Operating Syastem) : Software User DNS/Name Resolution Service linux linux - intel, linux , ( ( ) ) develop Secure Free Software Foundation Support Format .RPMlinux .exe
Linux
Sorce code open Operating system
Radhat Enterprise linux-5 Operating system Software
Linux operating system 386/486
microprocessor
56
. . File & Print Service Application service Internet Service E-mail service
DNS/Name Resolution Service
..linux kernel diadram
. .
: System directory linux System
directory
Root directory Sub directory

57
Root slash
Supper User Directory Root User - home directory
Rename : -
directory ,
/ Forward Rename
/ file path
; /home
.: redhat linux
/bin
Normal user directory.
executable file
/sbin
Administative user directory. Supper user executable file Supper user directory.
/root
/home
Home file/documents
Usre
info-directiory. User
58
/var
Multimedia file directory. User info-directory.
/usr
/etc
Server Configueration file directory.
/tmp
Tamperally file directory.
/mnt
CD/DVD, USB, Hard-disk Partition
/mnt
mount
Access
/swap
RAM
/dev
input/output storage device Linux start kernel file
/boot
/lost+found
System
data/file
59
..
linux -
Hard-disk partition
xp/winows
- Virtual Download
Virtual software
Windows operating system
linux redhat Enterprise-5 machine ;
http://download1us.softpedia.com/dl/74b9235cd219ac1a1ed95c6e79d44f4b/4fc8a464/100005341/software /system/vmware/VMware-workstation-full-8.0.3-703057.exe
VMware Workstation 6.0.2.59824
Open
New Virtuat machine
60
Next
Typical
Next
. version
Guest operating System Red Hat Enterprise 5 ,
Next
Linux
61
. Red
Virtual Hat Enterprise Linux 5
machine name default name User rename
Location Drive
Folder ( New folder

) linux installation
Browse Folder ,
location
Next button Click
User
host-only networking , Next button Click
62
Disk Size 12 GB 20 GB Allocate all disk space now. , Finish button Click
Disk Creating
*** Linux red hat Enterprise Windwos Linux red hat Enterprise
Dual Booting
VMware Workstation Software Disk Partition ISO
Installation
An ISO file, also called a disc image, is a single file thats a copy of an entire
data CD or DVD. When you burn a CD or DVD from an ISO file, the new disc has the same folders, files, and properties as the original disc. The most common way to get an ISO file is to download it from a website. For example, you might download and then use an ISO file to update software on your computer.
linux
ISO , DVD/CD linux
installation file , DVD/CD linux installation Hard Disk ISO file installation ***
63
..
()
window
()
linux Red hat Enterprise-5 ISO file , Browse ,
CD/DVD installation ,
CD/DVD Drive linux Red hat Enterprise-5 installation CD Browse CD/DVD ROM , OK
64
()
Red 5
Vartual Hat
Workstation Hat
( machine - Enterprise5
VMware Enterprise
name Red )
() mode
Graaphical installation key
<ENTER>
press
65
()
start
Welcome Screen Installation <Tab> <ENTER>
()
Screen
<Next>
()
Langusge <Next>
Selection
(English)
66
() (U.S
English)
<Next>
() , <ok>
()
<Skip>
67
()
()
<Next>
68
() New >> Mount point: / Size(MB): 500 <Ok> /home 500 MB, /usr 4000 MB, /var 4000 MB
FILE System Type: Swap Size(MB): 950 <Ok>
<Next>
69
()
<Next>
window
()
window <Next>
70
()
window Asia/Dhaka
<Next>
()
window
Customize Customize now , Customize
Customize later
<Next>
71
()
<Next>
()
- Linux <Next>
Installation -
72
() Re-start , <Reboot>
():
Re-start
73
()
Re-start
<Forward>
()
License
Agreement
Yes. I agree to the License Agreement <Forward>

74
() Firewall: <Forward> Enabled
()
window
<Forward>
75
()
window <Forward>
()
<Forward>
window Date, Time
76
()
Registation
window Registation ,
No. I prefer to resister at a later

<Forward>
time
()
Red Hat Network , No thanks, Ill connect later.
77
()
Red Hat Network
Update
window ,
Registation Your system is
Red Hat Network <Forward>
not for software updates
()
root
user
Non-
administrative user linux use ,
<Forward>
78
() , root Account linux- login Create account new user , Continue
() System
Sound
<Forward>
()
linux
Red installation
hat
Enterprise-5
Additional
Software
installation

, linux Red hat Enterprise-5 Software <Finish>

79
() root
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX-5 < > root usre
login login , User name:
() root
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX-5 Password
installation , < >
80
() linux login Linux Graphics Mode Command/text Mode ,
:-
) Linux Desktop Window Linux Graphics Mode
Windows base OS
*** Graphics Mode Command/text Mode Alt+Ctrl+F1 ( F1 F6 ) Command/text Mode Graphics Mode Alt+Ctrl+F7 linux- Text mode F7 Graphics Mode Login F1 F6 () ***
*** Graphics Mode
Text mode
81
Linux OS Desktop
Alt+Ctrl+F7 -
Linux- Graphics Mode login
terminal Text editor Text editor-
Graphics Mode text mode
: Graphics Mode
text mode terminal.

82
Graphics Mode
Alt+Ctrl+F1 (F1
F6
text/command mode
: linux
Command/text Mode
*** VMware Workstation Ctrl+Alt VMware Workstation Ctrl+Alt+Enter *** *** Network Operating System linux, linux -
, , Linux installation , RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX-5 Text/command mode Command , Linux Command - linux operating ***
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=******=-=-=-=-==-==-=-==-==-=-=-===--=
83
-:
, Directory Edit Text/command mode , , Windows, XP directory command
, File
Operating ,
- PC Shut dwon, Reboot/restart, File Delete, cut, copy, , File Searching, Rename, File/folder
paste, login, logout, moveing, Text Document Linux
- Linux command
.. Linux command mode Linux mode Command Mode Linux Expart #bash mode Normal User#sh #bash mode
#sh mode
: #sh *** mode : : root
#bash mode
#sh sh mode ***

84
sh mode
bash
#bash.
#bash mode
[root@localhost ~]# Linux root root directory Open
: , localhost # [root@localhost ~]# , ~
Super User [], @,
.. Shutdown, Restart and Logout
Command)
#init 0 #poweroff #telinit 0 #shutdown -h now Shut down
Description)
Shut down 1 2,3,4,5.. , - ,
#shutdown -h
Shut down # shutdown -h 5 Shut down
#shutdown -h 16:30 &
- , , # shutdown -h 10:05 &
Shut down
85
#shutdown -c
shutdown
#logout Ctrl+D<Enter> #init 6 #reboot #shutdown -r now
User Account
root User
PC Restart PC Restart 1
#shutdown -r 1
PC Restart # shutdown -r 5
***
2,3,4,5.. - , ,
<Enter> ***
.. Others useful commands
Command)
Screen #clear #whoami
Description)

User Name
root
86
#hostname
: Host .localdomain
localhost
Present Working Directory #pwd

: /usr directory
usr
[root@localhost ~]# #PS1

: PS1=
#PS1=\h \u \w \! #PS1=\! \w \u \h
[root@localhost ~]# h = Host name, u = User name, w = Present Working Directory \!= Number of Current Command
#date
87
#date 0930222012.00
: =22,
=09, 2012
=30,
0930222012.00 =01, =12,( ) =.00
#cal
( #cal 1992 #cal 5 1992 - 2015 #cal 2015
:),
, ,
#fdisk -l
Hard Disk , - Disk size, Drive list, Drive size, Sectors/track #fdisk -l Hard Disk , Hard Disk Drive( -sda1) #fdisk -l /dev/sda1
88
#hdparm -tt /dev/sda #badblocks -s
Hard Disk performance Speed /dev/sda1 performance speed Hard Disk badside
#hdparm -tt (sda1)
#fdisk -l
Hard Disk , - Disk size, Drive list, Drive size, Sectors/track #fdisk -l Hard Disk , Hard Disk Drive( -sda1) #fdisk -l /dev/sda1
#hdparm -tt /dev/sda
Hard Disk performance Speed /dev/sda1 performance speed Hard Disk badside
#hdparm -tt (sda1)
#badblocks -s
#history
:History

89
#!31
history Command list Command , #!31 Arrow key , history Command list <Enter> key
***
Ctrl+C

***
..
(Directory Command)
Description) (Command)
# cd /home #cd /mnt # cd '/ home' '/ mnt' /root # cd
# ls ***
File***
Folder
90
# ls -F #ls /var #ls /home #ls /etc #ls /etc/xml /var '/ home' '/ etc' '/ etc'
xml
list permission
file/folder
# ls -l File permission r = Read, w = Write, x = Exicution File/Folder -rwx File/Folder permission hidden file hidden file Software #whatis bind File/Folder permission
# ls -a #ls -la
#tree #uptime
#whatis softwareName
tree -
91
. . File Linux- (
)
(File Formating) Blank File linux- Editor. : read, write, move, cut,
() #touch () #cat
copy, Data insert () #vi
... Touch File Formating : #touch FileName touch File , #touch Bangladesh , #touch F1,F2,F3,F4
: Bangladesh touch File
F1,F2,F3,F4 .
(Command)
(Description)
Touch File : #touch Dhaka
# touch FileName
/var #touch /var/FileName
Touch File /mnt
Touch File ,
, #touch /mnt/FileName
92
File Delete ***File delete Remove N N Delete
, *** , File
# rm FileName
# rm -rf FileName
# rm -rf /mnt/FileName
/mnt directory- /etc directory /home directory file1
# rm -rf /etc/FileName # rm -rf /home/bangla/file1
angla folder
... Cat File Formatting : #cat>FileName touch File , #cat>Bangladesh
: Bangladesh
..: Bangladesh
Cat File
93
***
: : Cat File ***
Save
Ctrl + D
Command)
#cat>FileName Cat File : #cat>Dhaka
Description)
#cat FileName
Cat File : #cat Bangladesh Cat File : #cat Bangladesh Cat File
#cat>>FileName
Cat File
#cat File1 File2>File3
-fci1, fci2, fci3 fci4 Cat File #cat fci1 fci2 fci3>fci4
Cat File ,
#cp FileName /mnt
Copy #cp BDjob /home /mnt
/mnt - BDjo ,
/home
#cp /mnt/FileName /var
/var /home BDjo /mnt Copy , #cp /home/BDjob /mnt

94
#mv FileName /mnt
/mnt cut - BDjo /home cut paste #cp BDjob /home
paste ,
... Vi File Formating : Bangladesh : #vi FileName vi File , #vi Bangladesh
: Bangladesh
Blank Vi File
Text insert i
: Blank Vi File data insert
key Board
: Vi File
insert mode
95
File Save , ,
Vi
Save
Esc
:w <Enter> , :wq :w :x :q!

: Vi File Save
Save & quite.
Save & Continue. Save & quite. No Save & quite.
Line Number Setting , Esc
: Vi File , ,
Text Editor line Number :set nu <Enter>
: Vi File
line number
, <Enter>
line number
: Vi File
Text Editor Esc ,
line ,
:nu
96
indea
line number 17,
line
Line number line <Enter> [ 20
Esc
: Vi File , - No.15 Line ,
Text Editor :20
line number]
, <Esc>:15<Enter>
: <Esc>:15<Enter>
Word Search by vi file: Vi File , WORD line ] Esc Word , ,
Text Editor , Word
line line
Word Search [
:/WORD <Enter>
- <Esc>:/algoritam<enter>
97
: algoritham Word
Word replace : Vi File Word
Text Editor , Esc word1, word2
line ,
Word , ]
:%s /word1/word2 <Enter> [
: <Esc>:%s /computer/radio <Enter>
: Computer
), radio
*** linux case sensitive Oparating System, Word Vi File
Vi File Word Search, Word replace Case ignor , Vi File Open , <Esc>:set ic <Enter> ***
98
copy
Copy
(Esc: mode-)
cut
Cut
(Esc: mode-)
[ Copy
copy type , ]
Copy Copy
, <Esc><Total line number><YY>
Total line number : <Esc>5<YY>
, [ Cut
cut , ]
Cut , Cut
type
, <Esc> TotalLineNumber DD
Total line number : <Esc>5 DD
Paste paste
: P
paste
99
. .
Command)

Description)
key-Word, / File , -name File
, find , -type f
#find / -type f -name FileName
File , FileName File - dvd , #find / -type f -name dvd Folder
#find / -type d -name FileName
#find / -type f -name 1st3LetterOfFile*
Folder , , - Type f d - feni Folder , #find / -type d -name feni , - Bangladesh , #find / -type f -name an* Folder - National , Folder Folder
#find / -type d -name 1 3LetterOfFile*
st
, #find / -type d -name nat*

100

#find / -type f -name *Last3LetterOfFile
- Bangladesh , #find / -type f -name *esh Folder - National
, Folder Folder
#find / -type f -name *Last3LetterOfFile
, #find / -type d -name *nal
#find / -type f -name FileName -ok rm -rf
delete
, File delete
File
{} \;
delete
delete
Folder
#find / -type f -name FileName -ok rm -rf
{} \; N
#find / -type f -name FileName -exec rm
, Folder delete delete
directory
-rf {} \;
File Search File delete
#find / -type d -name FileName -exec rm
-rf {} \;
directory
Folder Search Folder delete
101
- Dhaka ,
#du -h FileName
#du -h Dhaka
#aspell check FileName
Text
: banggladesh , (1) Keyboard Access - DNT, CST, EEE vi File Access , #vim -o DNT CST EEE *** <Esc> ctrl+w+w , ***
102
Vi File
#vim -o FileName1 FileName2
: file1 file2
vi-file
Access
. .
(Folder Command)
Command)
#mkdir FolderName Folder -
Description)
angla Folder , #mkdir bangla angla Folder , #cd /mnt/bangla
Folder - /mnt #cd FolderName
#ls
Folder list - /var list Folder Folder
cow Folder , #ls /var/cow Folder, Folder.
#mkdir -p /mnt/F1/F2/F3/F4
- /var T1, T1 T2 T3 folder , #mkdir -p /var/T1/T2/T3

T2,
103
#rm -rf FolderName #find / -type d -name FolderName #du -h FolderName
Folder delete Folder Folder Size - /etc Size #du -h l/etc/lincon
lincon ,
Folder
: :
#cp -r SourceAddressWithFileName /DistrinationAddress Folder copy /mnt , /var hostel folder , #cp -r /var/class /mnt/hostel class copy folder
.. RHCT RHCT -
RHCE Expart - CCNA-Cisco
Certificat
Certified Network Associate, MCSE-Microsoft Certified System Engineer, RHCT, RHCE
Linux Certified
RHCE
RHCT- Red Hat Certified Tecnician. RHCE- Red Hat Certified Engineer. Linux OS operate Network Security RHCT Linux Base Network setup, Server Configure,
RHCE
104
***
Linux Operate
, Linux Operate ***
=========********=============*******=========
105
-:
Linux base networking Time Permission , Red Hat Certified Tecnician , Group User Block/Disconstruction , User User, YAM installation, , , New User Create Software installation, UserSupper/root User . User Super/root User Re-source : linux user root user Login Facebook User ; #useradd UserName
UserName - karim User ,
#useradd karim
Group User Add
(process of Create a new user) : , -
Password
#passwd UserName
UserName
, New
UNIX Password: password
, Retype New UNIX Password: password
106
.. : New User Create
Login
- Ctrl+Alt+F2) Open
? User name password
.. : New User
Login
*** .. : #
$ Normal User
Normal User ,
$ ***
. .
Command)
#ls /home User
Description)
User delete #userdel -r UserName

- karim User , #userdel -r karim delete
107
#passwd -l UserName #passwd -u UserName
Un- lock
Auto login #passwd -d UserName #cat /etc/passwd #chage -l UserName
root user
Auto login
User information User Acount, information User password,
life time
Expire date set-up

Expire date 31may2013
#chage -E 1/10/2012 UserName
, #chage E 31/5/2013 karim
: karim
minimum life time 13 minimum life time #chage -m 13 UserName

: karim #chage -m 15 karim ,
minimum life time
maximum life time 21 minimum life time #chage -M 21 UserName

: karim #chage -m 5 karim ,
minimum life time
#cat /etc/shadow
Password information
108
.. Group : Facebook root user Login ; Group Group
: Supper/root User group
, Network Adminastator
#groupadd GroupName
GroupName , - Computer ,
#groupadd computer
..
Command)
#usermod -G GroupName UserName : karim
Description)
Computer ,
#usermod -G Computer karim User+Group information #cat /etc/group

: : Cat File 500 num er
Reserved
1-499 number Normal User
109
#groupdel GroupName
Group delete - Computer Group delete , #groupdel Computer

Feni , Computer
#chgrp GroupName FileName #ls -l File
: /var
#chgrp Computer /var/Feni
.. Root User Password Change # cd # passwd <Enter> <Enter>
New UNIX Password: 123 Retype New UNIX Password: 123

[ Password 123 ]
. . Root/supper User Supper User Root user root User
Normal user linux- Permission ; login
New User Create Adminastator User
: Normal User ,
Normal User
, Vi File open
(Ex- Karim) Command #visudo <Enter>

110
<Esc>:set nu Array Key
<Enter> Vi File Insert mode
karim ALL=/usr/sbin/useradd,/usr/bin/passwd
[ karim UserName ]
<Esc>:wq #cd /home/karim #ls -a #vim .bash_profile <Esc>:set nu

Line No.10
<Enter> <Enter> <Enter> <Enter> <Enter>

Insert mode Edit
karim
UserName]
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin <Esc>:wq Karim Terminal Open <Enter> New user Create Karim User login <Enter>
Ctrl+Alt+F2
New User Create $ sudo useradd NewUserName
Normal User
NewUserName
:- $ sudo useradd mamun ]
(Ex- karim) password Password
$ sudo passwd NewUserName

:- $ Sudo useradd mamun New UNIX Password: ****** Retype New UNIX Password: *****
<Enter>
111
Ctrl+Alt+F3
(Ex- mamun)
? , Login
Terminal-3 open
.: karim
Normal User
ikra
New User
. . root User
Supper User login
Copy
Command
Vi File open Paste
#visudo <Enter> <Esc>: set nu <Enter> Vi File Copy Edit

Insert mode
Line number Set #
Wheel
UserName (Ex-mamun)
<Esc>:wq <Enter>
Save
,
( - /var (Ex-mamun) Login Bangladesh
Ctrl+Alt+F2
Terminal-2 open
, Supper User
) Copy
$ sudo cp /var/Bangladesh /root

Bangladesh /root Copy
112
.. Terminal Block Terminal Block User Block # <Esc>:wq root User Copy <Enter> Save <Enter> login F1 F6 ; <Enter> Paste login
: Normal User Root Terminal
#vim /etc/security/access.conf
Insert mode
#vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth Vi File Type ; Save ? login Last Line
Insert mode
Account required /lib/security/pam_access.so <Esc>:wq <Enter> login Terminal Block open Vi File Ctrl+Alt+F2 F6 Terminal User/root user
: : root User logout login , Save Graph Mode Open Vi File <Esc>:wq <Enter>
logout
root user Logout Ctrl+Alt+F7 Open Terminal
Account required /lib/security/pam_access.so
113
.. Time Permission / : Root User login ,
Time Permission
: User ; login
login Time permission
Time permission
#vi /etc/security/time.conf <Esc>:set nu i insert mode
<Enter> <Enter> , #
login;tty*;UserName;Fr0100-2300
2300 , karim login F2 , Login;tty*;karim;Su!1120-1618
, mamun
tty*
, UserName
F1-F6
, Fr
Friday
0100login
login
: : ,
, Login;tty2;mamun;Mo0210-1400
Saturday = Sa Tuesday = Tu
Sunday = Su Wednesday = We Friday = Fr
Monday = Mo Thusday = Th
<Esc>:wq <Enter>
[Save
]
114
: #vim /etc/pam.d/system-auth <Esc>:set nu <Enter> i <Enter> Blank line ,

[Save , login login ]
insert mode
Configure File , New
Blank line
account required /lib/security/pam-time.so
<Esc>:wq <Enter>

.. :
Block/ Un-block
Permission
#vi /etc/security/access.conf <Esc>:set nu <Enter> Configure File Y <Esc>P Insert mode Edit -:ALL EXCEPT root UserName:ALL # (yy) , Blank line <Enter> paste Insert mode
UserName , - kamal
, Server Access
Server Access Permission
-:ALL EXCEPT root kamal:ALL

115
, mamun, jamal, kamal, lincon Permission - Block -3 Block -5 Block

<Esc>:wq <Enter> : #vim /etc/pam.d/system-auth <Esc>:set nu <Enter> i insert mode
Server Access
, -:ALL EXCEPT root mamun jamal kamal lincon:ALL , -:ALL EXCEPT root tty2 , -:ALL EXCEPT root tty3 , -:ALL EXCEPT root tty5
Configure File , , New
<Enter> Blank line
Blank line
account required /lib/security/pam_access.so
<Esc>:wq <Enter>
, login login
..
Supper User File Access
Permission
: #chown UserName.UserName /FileOrFolderNameWithLacation , /var Permission f1 File/Folder ; #chown karim.karim /var/f1

karim
karim
Access
Terminal
login
, f1
File/Folder
Access
116
File Permission Formating: Root User #vi /var/fci

fci vi file text insert save
login
File/Folder
fci
File
Access information
List
#ls -l /var/fci
, fci
file
Access information
show
.: Default File Access information
fci
Normal User
access
#chmod o+rwx /var/fci

Normal User access , ; #chmod o-rwx /var/fci
File Permission Command list:

117
/mnt
test ,
Normal User #chmod o+r /mnt/test
Read
permission
/mnt permission
test
Normal User #chmod o+rw /mnt/test
Read
Write
/mnt permission
test
Normal User
Read, Write
Execute
#chmod o+rwx /mnt/test
/var
fci
root User
Read #chmod u+r /var/fci
permission
/var
fci
root User ,
Read #chmod u+rw /var/fci Read, Write #chmod u+rwx /var/fci
Write
permission /var fci
root User ,
Execute
permission
/home permission
bangla ,
Group User#chmod g+r /home/bangla
Read
/home
bangla
Group User-
Read
Write
permission
#chmod g+rw /home/bangla

118
/home
bangla permission
Group User
Read, Write
Execuit
, #chmod g+rwx /home/bngla
/mnt block
dnt
Normal User #chmod o-r /mnt/dnt
Read
permission
/var
fci
root User ,
Read #chmod u-rw /var/fci
Write
permission block /home bangla
Group User
Read, Write
Execuit
permission block
, #chmod g-rwx /home/bngla
Comma Operator (,) User File access
Permissionl
root user, Group User ,
Normal
#chmod u+rwx,g+rw,o+r /mnt/fci #chmod u+rx,g+x,o+rwx #chmod u-rw,g-rx,o+rwx
BCD(421) coder File access
Permissionl
root user, Group User
Normal User
: #chmod (UserValue)(GroupValue)(OthersValue) /(FileLocationWithName) : #chmod 647 /mnt/fci

119
User
, 6=4+2=rw for root user; 4=r for Group User & 7=4+2+1=rwx for Normal
.. File Permission ; : u1 #useradd u1 #passwd u1 #useradd u2 #useradd u2 : g1 #groupadd g1 : u1 #usermod -G g1 u1 : /mnt #vi /mnt/feni #chgrp g1 /mnt/feni : Access feni feni vi File User g1 u2
(File Permission Testing): ?
g1
Permission U2 Access
U1
#chmod 707 /mnt/feni
#chmod u+rwx;g-rwx;o+rwx /mnt/feni

120
***
UserValue=7, GroupValue=0, OthersValue=7 U1 Access Access Normal User
***
U1 U1
g1
.. root Root User
Supper User Password login #passwd ;
Password Change New UNIX password: ***** Retype new UNIX password: ***** ***** login New password
password ?
-123 #logout
Password
. : Supper User
Password
.. .exrc file #vi .exrc

Vi File .exrc
Access
Set Number
Set ic
Parmanently
Configure
121
Blank vi <Enter>
open
Save
insert mode
<Esc>:wq
. Vi File
Parmanently set number
Case ignor
.exrc file formatting
.. .bashrc file Linux #c #vim .bashrc <Esc>:set nu

built in command #cl
.bashrc
-#clear
<Enter>

alias UserDefineName=Command
#clear #history #whoami womi=whoami #date #d
#c #his #wmi
, alias c=clear , alias htry=history alias
, alias da=date
122
.: .bashrc File formatting
<Esc>:wq #reboot
**
<Enter>
restart **
UserDefineName
-#clear linux
#c
Side effect
: :
.. Login Linux login
Tittle ,
Banner
Text-String Default tittle
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 User Define Name , ;
Tikanga)
- ### Feni Computer Institute ###
Root user
login
123
#vim /etc/issue
Insert mode Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 , Tikanga) Save , ### Feni Computer Institute ###
<Esc>:wq <Enter> #logout
, banner/tittle Name
.. Login Linux login ,
Tittle
Banner
Text-String User Define Text
, WelCome Text ;
Root user
Insert mode ,
login
-* Welcome to Feni Computer institute * , Save
#vim /etc/motd
<Esc>:wq #logout
<Enter> login
root User
, Login
*Welcome to Feni Computer Institute*
124
.. File Compress system in Linux ... Size ,
Zip
: Security ;
Save ,
Zip
File Zip
(Ex- dhaka)
,
#vi dhaka
Text insert
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> Size Zip , #ls

Zip File
list
#du -h dhaka #gzip dhaka
Zip
Size
#du -h dhaka.gz
[ : : .gz Zip File File Size Zip File Size 4/5 KB *] * Zip
Zip File #vi dhaka.gz <Esc>:q! <Enter>

Dhaka Zip File
Zip File Open
... Zip File
UnZip Un-Zip
: File ,
#gunzip dhaka.gz
125
#ls #du -h dhaka #cat dhaka

dhaka Unzip ,
....
Zip
:
[zip [List [ ] ] ]
#bzip2 dhaka #ls #du -h dhaka.bz2

.... UnZip :
#bunzip2 dhaka.bz2 #ls #du -h Dhaka
.. File Encrypted system in Linux Encrypte ,
File Encrypte
, ;
(Ex- cow)
, Save
#vi cow
Text insert
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> Encrypte
Password (

Encrypte
;
Password)
#gpg -c cow #ls

126

.gpg
Encrypted
Encrypted
Cow

#rm -rf cow Open

Encrypted
#vi cow.gpg
.: Encrypted
<Esc>:q!
<Enter> :
Unencrypted #gpg cow.gpg Password: ***** Y <Enter>

password password,
password
Encrypted
.. Bridged setup VMware Workstation , Linux OS Software
: Linux OS Virtually , Bridged
physical connection
VMware Workstation
Mobile drive access, LAN Connection, CD/DVD R/w Access Bridged #poweroff VMware Workstation Ethernet host-only > Menu bar VM Option > OK
> Settings >
127
.. Mobile Drive Mount Mobile Drive

Mobile Drive Key-board
Access
USB port
information Ctrl+c
information
remove
#cd #fdisk -l /sdb1 Mobide drive, /sdb1 /mnt mount
#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt #cd /mnt #ls Mobile Drive Umount :

[ Mobide drive ]
#umount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
.. CD ROM Mount #cd #mount /dev/cdrom /mnt #ls /mnt CD ROM Umount :
[ CD ROM
[ /mnt
mount ]
#umount /dev/cdrom /mnt
.. Drive Access/ Mount #cd #fdisk -l , sda2 drivemount
128
#mount /dev/sda2 /mnt #cd /mnt #ls Drive-
#touch a b c d #ls #cd sda2 drive /mnt Umount
#umount /dev/sda2 mnt #ls /mnt
.. Linux Software installation Linux #cd #mount /dev/cdrom /mnt #mkdir -p /var/ftp/pub #cp -r /mnt/* /var/ftp/pub
[
: , Software installation
Software
CD ROM
CD ROM mount
Copy CDROM file to foldet pub:
#cd /var/ftp/pub/Server #ls
, Server
capital letter
129
Server
mc
Software
install
#rpm -qagrep mc #rpm -qagrep mc! #rpm -ivh mc Mc software installation
<Enter>

Mc Software
software Exit
run
access
open
, #mc Enter
> F10
Uninstallation
Mc
Software
[ .rpm
#rpm -e mc-
.. Yum Installation Yum System
: linux software ;
install/uninstall
Yum installation
#cd
CD ROM
/mnt
mount
#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt Folder #cd #mkdir -p /var/ftp/pub /var ftp ftp pub
130
#ls
/mnt
mount-
Copy
pub
Folder paste
#cd /mnt #cp -r /mnt/* /var/ftp/pub

] [
#cd
Configure File Edit
#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ #ls #cp rhel-debuginfo.repo abc.repo #vim abc.repo <Esc>:set nu <Enter>
insert mode
vi
Edit
Server
capital letter
<Esc>:wq #cd
pub
<Enter>
Folder
[
Server
, Server
list
S
Yum installation
capital letter
#cd /var/ftp/pub/Server #ls #rpm -ivh createrepo-
#createrepo -v /var/ftp/pub/Server
[S
capital letter
] 131
2113
Software set
[S
#rm -rf /var/ftp/pub/Server/.olddata
capital letter
OS-
Software Installation & Uninstallation Setting , yum
Yum installation Software Installation/Remove
Software Installation Fomat: :- #yum install netconfig Software Remove :
#yum install SoftwareName
#yum remove SoftwareName
:- #yum remove netconfig

Software Install , : #yum list SoftwareName
:- #yum list netconfig
.. Linux Time Assign administrator Server administrator ; #date System time / / / AT Reboot
(AT): Server -AT
AT Command
File
132
.: #date
System time #at 01:20 at>touch FileName #at now+10 minute at>mkdir /mnt/karim vi File AT Command AT Command

at> AT
/mnt
Ctrl+D Karim
/var
Ctrl+D fci
, /etc feni
#at now+8 minute at>mkdir /var/fci at>vi /etc/feni AT Command : #at Date - #at 25/10/2012 at>useradd karim at>touch /etc/bangla
karim bangla File
133
Ctrl+D
at>poweroff AT Command
Ctrl+D
**:: Poweroff Reboot AT Command **
Assign
job/AT Command
,
Job
#at -l
Assign : :- job/AT Command
#at -c JobNo job/AT Command job/AT Command , , #at -c 1 #at -c 2
.. Super/root User Password User/ Password restart Super/root , User login Password ; boot loading Linux OS key press Password
Super/root User
Super/root User
134
.. : linux OS
Boot loading Window
press
Window
:..
<Enter>
E press , S Edit Window Press
135
: ..
B root User
press
linux OS sh-3#
Open
Password
Sh-3.1# passwd New UNIX password: ***** Retype new UNIX password: ***** ***** Restart Sh-3.1# reboot . root Password grab.conf boot Password User/ , root password -123456 root Password login
Password
root Password
root Password
.. grab.conf . Password root Password User/ root Password
: , root Password
boot ,
136
boot Password #cd #vi /etc/grub.conf <Esc>:set nu Edit

; login
grab.conf
Configure
boot password
Root User
<Enter> Default=0 insert
0 1
, linux OS open
OS setup OS Booting
Computer Booting 0
Edit
Timeout=5
insert
, Botting Window
<Enter> ;
Blank
Boot Password
Password=123456
123456 Password
Password
<Enter> Password=abcde
Password
Blank
abcde
137
: Editing
grub.conf
<Esc>:wq #reboot
<Enter> Restart
.. Boot Password restart
Super/ root User Password Linux OS key press boot loading
..
Boot Password
Press
Password:*****
E press , Window
138
..
<Enter> E press , S Window Press
Edit
..
press
Password
**
linux OS sh-3# root User
Open
..
Password
**
Sh-3.1# passwd New UNIX password: *****

139
Retype new UNIX password: ***** ***** Sh-3.1# reboot Restart password -123456 root Password login
========================================================
: linux Power on self test (POST) ; root user login #htsysv Screen- show *sent mail *
*** linux base networking File, Folder, User
linux base
networking
(RHCT)
=====********=====;;;;;;;;;========*******======
140
-:
. Dumping, LVM ,
- Partition, Swap Partition, RAID Partition,
.
setup Size Memory Size
Hard disk External Hard disk

Hard disk
(Normal Partition):
VMware Workstation , VMware Workstation > Next > Partition
20 GB partition Hard disk Hard disk >
linux Memory
VMware Workstation ,
VMware Workstation > Edit Virtual machine > Add > Hard Disk
> Next > Next >
> Next Dialog Box ,
141
Dialog Box **** : :
Disk Size (GB): > Finish > OK
Disk Size ***
-2GB)
>
VMware Workstation
#cd
root User
Linux login
#fdisk -l
Hard disk /dev/sd
#fdisk /dev/sdb m n p 1 <Enter> +1020M w ; #partprobe /dev/sdb Hard disk .ext3 Formatting ; Hard disk OS
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 ; #mkdir /e_drive #cd /e_drive

Hard disk
e_drive
) Mount
Folder Name
142
#mount /dev/sdb1 /e_drive #ls #cd , Parmanently Mount #vi /etc/fstab

vi File insert mode New line-
Save
#wq Hard disk information : Hard disk #fdisk -l /dev/sd 1 Partition Delete
#umount /dev/sdb1 /e_drive #fdisk /dev/sdb m d w #fdisk -l VMware Workstation Hard Disk
/dev/sd 1 Hard disk
Remove
; Dialog Box
VMware Workstation > Edit Virtual machine > ,
143
Hard disk *** : :
VMware Workstation
> Remove > ok ***
.. Swap Partition Swap Memory ; Root User #fdisk -l #fdisk /dev/sda m n <Enter> +100M m t
System
RAM-(Random Access Memory)
Secoundary
(RAM
Swap
Swap Partition
login
144
7 l 82 w #partprobe /dev/sda Swap on
sda7 drive]
[ /sda7 swap drive]
#swapon -s #mkswap -v1 /dev/sda7 #swapon -a /dev/sda7 #swapon -s #fdisk -l #vi /etc/fstab
vi File insert mode
Swap Partition Re-Start
Poweroff
Swap Partition
Save
permanently Swap Partition
<Esc>:wq #free
.. DUMPING: Create /home DUMPING #fdisk -l
DUMPING Hard disk backup , Partition
Server
User information DUMPING
User information
145
#cd /home #ls #dump u -f /dev/sda /home , #cd /home #ls #rm -rf * #ls /home /home DUMPING /home DUMPING
#cd /home #restore -rf /dev/sda System /home Restore DUMPING
.. LVM (Logical Volume Management): LVM #fdisk /dev/sda m

System,
Hard disk data loss
Size
LVM
146
n <Enter> +100M t 8 l 8e w #partprobe /dev/sda #fdisk -l sda8- Physical Volume

[ /sda8 LVM drive] [ 100 MB ]
#pvcreate /dev/sda8 #pvdisplay newvg Volume group
#vgcreate newvg /dev/sda8 #vgdisplay newvg Logical Volume
#lvcreate -L 50M /dev/newvg #lvdisplay /dev/newvg/lvol0 .ext3

147
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/newvg/lvol0
( lvmdisk FoldeName)
#mkdir lvmdisk Logical Volume lvmdisk
Mount
#mount /dev/newvg/lvol0 /lvmdisk #cd /lvmdisk #touch a1 a2 a3 #cd #df -h /lvmdisk lvmdisk , LVM Size LVM
lvmdisk
lvmdisk
Size
:
20MB
#lvextend -L +20M /dev/newvg/lvol0 #df -h /lvmdisk #resize2fs /dev/newbg/lvol0 #df -h /lvmdisk #ls /lvmdisk lvmdisk
148
lvmdisk #cd
Size
#umount /dev/newvg/lvol0 /lvmdisk #fsck -f /dev/newvg/lvol0 #resize2fs /dev/newvg/lvol0 40M #lvcreate /dev/newvg/lvol0 -L 40M #mount /dev/newvg/lvol0 /lvmdisk #df -h /lvmdisk #ls /lvmdisk #fdisk -l lvmdisk LVM
40MB
---- ------- -----
149
.. Raid Partition Data Backup Secoundary Memory , Raid partition Data Backup
..: Raid Partition
Secoundary Memory HDD ; ( ..
Backup -sdb sdc)
Secoundary Memory VMware Workstation root User #cd #fdisk -l #fdisk /dev/sdb m login
Secoundary Memory sdb
150
n p 1 <Enter> +1024M t l fd w #partprobe /dev/sdb #fdisk -l Secoundary Memory sdc #fdisk -l #fdisk /dev/sdc m n p 1 <Enter> +1024M t l fd w #partprobe /dev/sdc #fdisk -l
151
md0
sdb
sdc
Mirroring Ctrl+c md0
#mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 .ext3 , data backup (

Folder Name)
#mdadm --detail /dev/md0 #mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0 #mkdir /raiddisk #cd /raiddisk #ls Raiddisk #cd /raiddisk ( ) #touch f1 f2 f3 f4 ( -sdc) raiddisk /remove , Raid partition HDD md0 mount #mount /dev/md0 /raiddisk
raiddisk
Raid Partition
#mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdc1 #mdadm --detail /dev/md0 #mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdc1 #ls
raiddisk
#cd /raiddisk
152
, Hard disk sdb Remove Remove Raid disk #cd #fdisk -l #fdisk /dev/sdd m n p 1 +1024M t l fd w #partprobe /dev/sdd #fdisk -l #mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdd1 Ctrl+c , raiddisk
data backup data loss sdc Add
sdc Hard disk sdb
hard disk (Ex-sdd)
#mdadm --detail /dev/md0
153
-:
Fairewall Linux base networking .. Linux OS Linux ... Linux OS #cd #ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.100
192.168.2.100
IP Set :
- IP
setup, Host & Domain name setup, linux to linux message passing, Remote login,
IP Set
IP Set Login ;
root User
#ifconfig
*** :: , Reboot ***
154
... Linux OS #cd #setup root User
IP Set Login ;
Network configuration > Tab > Run tool > <Enter> <Enter> <Space> ; * *
Static IP: 192.168.2.100 Network : 255.255.255.0 Default IP: 192.168.2.254

Static IP 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.254 ( ) , 255.255.255.0 Subnet mask Default Gateway/Server IP
> OK > Lan Card #reboot restart #service network restart
>
>
quit > quit > ;
*** :: , Reboot/Power off

***
155
.. Host Name ... Linux OS ; /
Host Name Linux
: Host Name
Host Name ,
; reboot/PowerOff Host Name
Host Name Host Name :#cd #hostname mycomputer

mycomputer Host name
, #hostname NewHostName Login ;
root User
... Linux OS
Host Name , ;
; reboot/PowerOff Host Name
Host Name Host Name #cd #vim /etc/sysconfig/network <Esc>:set nu <Enter> root User
Login
Open
Network
156
Host Name
Domain Name
HOSTNAME=HostName.DomainName.TopLevelDomaiName :- HOSTNAME=mycomputer.feni.com
, mycomputer Host Name, feni Domain Name com Top level domain name
Lan Card
restart
Save
; ;
<Esc>:wq
<Enter>
#service network restart #reboot
.. : Domain names are used to identify one or more IP addresses. For example, the domain name
microsoft.com represents about a dozen IP addresses. Domain names are used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. For example, in the URL http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html, the domain name is pcwebopedia.com. Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. There are only a limited number of such domains. For example: gov - Government agencies edu - Educational institutions org - Organizations (nonprofit) mil - Military com - commercial business net - Network organizations ca Canada bd Bangladesh
... source internet
157
Domain name Server: server Host Name IP Address
.: Domain tree
Domain Name - dhaka.bangla.com feni.bangla.com comilla.bangla.com dnt.fci.com cst.fci.com ent.fci.com dhaka, feni, comilla
.bangla .fci
dnt, cst, ent
158
.. linux to linux networking ,

.
: Domain name (.
(linux) (linux)
)
LAN
IP, Host name
PC-1
PC-3
PC-5
Satic IP: 192.168.2.1

Host name: linux1 Domain name: cst.com
Static IP: 192.168.2.3

Host name: linux3 Domain name: dnt.com
Static IP: 192.168.2.5

Host name: linux5 Domain name: ent.com
PC-2 Static IP: 192.168.2.2 Host name: linux2
Domain name: cst.com
Domain name: dnt.com
Domain name: ent.com
, IP
PC-3
Server
255.255.255.0
***
Default
192.168.2.3
subnet mask/ Network IP

domain /administrator

host
***
Host name domain name
domain
LAN - #ping 192.168.2.1 #ping 192.168.2.2 ;
ping ping
linux
#ping IPAddress/HostName
159
#ping 192.168.2.3 #ping linux6.ent.com

Save hosts
Host table ;
#vim /etc/hosts
insert , ,
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168.2.3 192.168.2.4 192.168.2.5 192.168.2.6 <Esc>:wq
linux1.cst.com linux1 linux2.cst.com linux2 linux3.dnt.com linux3 linux4.dnt.com linux4 linux5.ent.com linux5 linux6.ent.com linux6 <Enter> restart ;
Lan Card #reboot
#service network restart Host table configuration Domain name linux ; #ping DomainName - #ping linux1.cst.com #ping linux3.dnt.com #ping linux5.ent.com Ping host PC
ping
ping
linux to
linux networking
host tabe configuration
160
.. Remote login
: login ; Remote login
Remote login
#ssh RemoteComputerIPAddress/DomainName - #ssh 192.168.2.6 #ssh linux6.ent.com
.: Remote login
. , ; #ssh 192.168.2.3 :yes Passwd: ******
LAN
PC-1
PC-3
Remote login
Pc-1 login
[Remote PC-
root User
Password]
Retype Passwd: ******
161
.. Normal User
Remote login
: Normal User Remote login
; #ssh UserName@RemoteComputerIPAddress - #ssh karim@192.168.2.3
#ssh UserName@RemoteComputerDomainName - #ssh karim@linux3.dnt.com
. User Remote login
LAN , ;
PC-4 Pc-4 login
PC-6
Normal
#ssh karim@192.168.2.6 :yes Passwd: ****** Retype Passwd: ******
#ssh karim@linux6.ent.com
[Remote PC- karim Normal User Password]
... Remote login
Command)
#who / information
Description)
Remote Access , User
162
#ps -e
Port list Port
Remote User login ,
====================================================== .. ... Protocol . Block Port linux Block : Port Number Protocol #kill -kill PortNumber - #kill -kill 3804 : 8080 , Proxy port Block Block Proxy port Port Number Block ; (Fairewall for network security) . . /
Protocol
Proxy port
#kill -kill 8080 ... information #cd #who Remote User Port Login
Remote User Remote
User
Block /
: Access ,
163
#ps -e Block #kill -kill 3971 Remote User 3971 3971 Port Port Block Login
... sshd_config #cd
Remote host computer
Block
#vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config <Esc>:set nu

no P ,
<Enter>
yy Paste Vi File Copy Save <Enter> insert mode # yes Copy yes
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> Restart Remote Host Remote Host <Enter>

, linux1.cst.com Save Host Computer
Server Access ,
#service sshd restart Block hsos.deny
#vim /etc/hsos.deny <Esc>:set nu

Block
Insert mode
sshd: linux1.cst.com <Esc>:wq <Enter>
164
Restart
#service sshd restart #kill -kill 3971

linux1.cst.com Host Computer Remore login
Computer
Block ; #vim /etc/hsos.deny <Esc>:set nu

Domain name hsos.deny
Host
<Enter>
Block , cst.com Domain name Save
Host Computer
Insert mode
sshd: *.cst.com <Esc>:wq

<Enter> Restart
Domain name Remore login Block Host Computer
#service sshd restart

cst.com
=============================================================
165
.. Root User #cd #wall

Normal Remote User
Normal Remote User
message
message
Dear remote user, Assalamualikum & very very good morning to you all.
message Sent Ctrl+D
.. Root /Normal User #cd #write UserName

Karim
Normal Remote User
message
- #write karim
message
Normal Remote User
Dear karim, Assalamualikum & How are you?

message Sent Ctrl+D
*** ::
Remote Normal User Login ***
166
-:
.. Network File System (nfs) Server: Linux to linux , . nfs Server login nfs #cd #yum install nfs* 192.168.2.3 IP Software installation install (. ) linux3.dnt.com linux networking linux3.dnt.com root user Network file system (nfs) server
Yum installation
data/file #cd
#mkdir /sharefolder
sharefolder touch file
#touch f1 f2 f3 f4 #ls #cd exports

#vim /etc/exports
167
insert mode Save
/sharefolder *(ro,sync)
Access Host computer ( ; FileOrFolderNameWithLocation host1 host2 host3 (ro,sync) /sharefolder linux1 linux5 linux6 (ro,sync) * sharefolder Server Administrator - linux1, linux5, linux6) Access ,
linux1,linux5,linux6
Host compouter Access
<Esc>:wq #cd
<Enter> Restart
#service nfs restart

Failled
#service nfs restart #service portmap restart IP Table Save #iptables F #service iptables save
...
nfs Server :
Access
nfs Server
Login
168
nfs server
File/Folder #showmount -e linux3

IP address
#showmount -e 192.168.2.3
192.168.2.3 sharefolder nfs Server
nfs Server Sharing
nfs Server Sharing /mnt mount
sharefolder
Download
#mount 192.168.2.3:/sharefolder /mnt #mount linux3:/sharefolder /mnt #ls /mnt , Copy #cp -r /mnt/* /root #cd sharefolder #ls #cd #umount 192.168.2.3:/sharefolder /mnt #umount linux3:/sharefolder /mnt Umount

Access
/mnt
.. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Service : File transfer protocol (FTP) Password Upload linux Login , FTP Service FTP Server User name linux to File/folder/software/data download
linux to unix, windows, MAC
169
. ftp Server ,
linux
networking
linux1
Host
192.168.2.1 IP
linux1 install (.
root user )
login
Yum installation #yum install vsftpd* :y #ntsysv

<space>
array jey [ *
vsftpd ]
[*]vsftpd < > Ok vsftpd.conf <Enter>

Edit
Active
Edit
Save
#vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf <Esc>:set nu

anouymous_enable=no <Esc>:wq <Enter>
#service vsftpd restart

Failed
#service vsftpd restart FTP Server Access ) Hassan File/folder )

- hassan, limon, data
manic (
#cd /home/Hassan
170
#mkdir backup #cd backup #touch f1 f2 f3 #cd #chmod -R 777 /home/hassan #chmod -R 777 /home/limon #chmod -R 777 /home/manic
777 data
backup
Hassan, limon, manic
ftp Server Access
write, read, exicuit
portmap restart
#service portmap restart #iptables -F #service iptables save #getenforce Enforcing permissive #setenforce 0 #getenforce Access Password login linux FTP Server Configuration ; Hassan/limon/mani
FTP Server
FTP Server Access
Name
171
#ftp 192.168.2.1
#ftp linux1.fci.com
192.168.2.1 ftp server IP Address
User Name: Hassan Passwd: ****** ftp> ls

Server Hassan ftp>
ftp> cd backup ftp> ls

Sever Hassan
f1
Download
ftp> mget f*
* f File download
:y FTP server ftp> bye #cd #ls #mkdir upload #cd upload #touch a1 a2 a3 #cd
f1
root
download
ftp server Upload
Permission
172
#chmod -R 777 upload #ftp 192.168.2.1 User Name: Hassan Passwd: ****** ftp> ls ftp> cd backup ftp> ls ackup Upload
Upload
Upload
ftp Server
login
#ftp linux1.cst.com
upload
Folder-
upload ftp> !ls
ftp> lcd upload ftp> !ls ftp> mput a*

*
a File Upload
Upload File Upload File list
:y ftp> bye linux to linux FTP Server windows interner Explorer Access windwos google chrome) open ; internet browser (
FTP server
**** Virtual machine
Bridge . ***
173
ftp server login
URl
URL
<Enter>
ftp:///192.168.2.1 Username: hassan Password: *******
windows
file
upload/download
file
upload/download
... FTP System File transferming :
Command)
ftp> get ftp> mget ftp> send ftp> put ftp> mput
Description)
Download ; ftp> get f1 Download ; ftp> mget f1 f2 upload ; ftp> send a1 upload ; ftp> send a1 Upload ; ftp> mput f1 f2
174
ftp > quit
FTP Service/remote host
... Internet Browser : > Run ftp
run tool
Windwos Client Pc -
FTP
OK
ftp
#ftp 192.168.2.1 User Name: Hassan Passwd: ******
.. Network information system (NIS) : NIS

Support
System,
)
; linux networking Administrator groupWise Work Login NIS Setting -
(NIS System NIS service Network administrator NIS Network
, / administrator NIS System
Linux to linux computer network
NIS Server congiure configure , . nfs Server
linux3.dnt.com
175
login
192.168.2.3 IP (
linux3.dnt.com install (. software
root user ) installation
Yum installation ,
- nis1, nis2, nis3)
ypbind, portmap, ypserv, nscd
#yum list ypbind* #yum list portmap* #yum list ypserv* #yum list nscd*
software :y #yum install portmap* :y #yum install ypserv* :y #yum install nscd* :y installation Install
#yum install ypbind*
Network
Edit
#vim /etc/sysconfig/network <Esc>:set nu <Enter>

save
NISDOMAIN=mynisdomain <Esc>:wq <Enter>
#nisdomainname mynisdomain yp.conf Edit

176
#vim /etc/yp.conf <Esc>:set nu <Enter>

<Enter> IP set ,
domain mydomain server 192.168.2.3 <Esc>:wq <Enter> Edit nsswitch.conf <Enter>

Edit
#vim /etc/nsswitch.conf <Esc>:set nu

,,
Passwd: Shadow: Group: <Esc>:wq
files nis files nis files nis <Enter>
securenets
vi File
IP
Edit

#vi /etc/securenets host 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0

127.0.0.1 loop back IP
<Esc>:wq
<Enter>
exports
Edit
#vi /etc/exports /home *(rw,sync)

177
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> Restart
#service portmap restart #service yppasswdd start #service ypserv start #/usr/lib/yp/ypinit m Ctrl+D Y #make -C /var/yp #service ypbind restart
Failled
#service ypbind restart #service nfs restart

Failled
#service nfs restart #service nscd restart

Failled
#service nscd restart #setenforce 0 NIS NIS Server NIS set root user install login )
178
NIS system set
Yum installation
(.
ypbind, portmap, ypserv, nscd
software
installation
#yum list ypbind* #yum list portmap* #yum list yp-tools* #yum list nscd*
software :y #yum install portmap* :y #yum install yp-tools* :y #yum install nscd* :y installation Install
#yum install ypbind*
Network
Edit
#vim /etc/sysconfig/network <Esc>:set nu <Enter>

Edit save
NISDOMAIN=mynisdomain <Esc>:wq <Enter>
#nisdomainname mynisdomain yp.conf Edit #vim /etc/yp.conf <Esc>:set nu <Enter>

<Enter> IP set
179
domain mydomain server 192.168.2.3 <Esc>:wq <Enter> Edit nsswitch.conf <Enter>

Edit
#vim /etc/nsswitch.conf <Esc>:set nu

,,
Passwd: Shadow: Group: <Esc>:wq
files nis files nis files nis <Enter> <Enter>

<Enter> save ,
auto.master
Edit
#vi /etc/auto.master <Esc>:set nu

/home <Esc>:wq
/etc/auto.nis <Enter>
auto.nis
Edit
#vi /etc/auto.nis * -fstype=nfs 192.168.2.3:/home/&

192.168.2.3 NIS server IP Address
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> Restart
180
#service portmap restart #service ypbind start

Failled
#service ypbind restart #service nscd restart

Failled
#service nscd restart #service autofs restart (Out put): NIS server logout ) , ( root User
NIS server Server login
- nis1, nis2, nis3
- login: nis1 Password: ****** NIS NIS Server , server Administrator NIS Normal User Server Administrator root User ; login document Document , server root User Server Administrator
181
login
, Server login root
write, read & exicuit
User
login
document
Server/Network
=================================================================== .. Networking File, printer Microsoft SAMBA (SAMBA) Windwos machine SMB-Server Message Protocol Data download / , (SAMBA) . SAMBA Server login samba :Y
(SAMBA)
: Computer Linux OS Resource Share OS-
Windows ,
Resource - 95/98/2000/windows-7/8/xp Resource Sharing
linux/unix , exicuit
download, upload
linux networking linux5.ent.com install (.
linux5.ent.com root user )
192.168.2.5 IP Software
Yum installation #yum install samba*
installation
182
restart
( :- smb1, smb2 )
#service smb restart

Failled
#service smb restart #mkdir /smb1dir #mkdir /smb2dir #mkdir /sharedir

smb1dir, smb2dir sharedir
SAMBA Password database touch File Create
/etc
samba
smbpasswd
#touch /etc/samba/smbpasswd SAMBA Server Access #smbpasswd -a smb1 passwd: ***** #smbpasswd -a smb2 Passwd: ***** SAMBA Password Database information #cat /etc/samba/smbpasswd smb.conf <Enter>
Password
Edit
#vim /etc/samba/smb.conf <Esc>:set nu

Edit
workgroup=samba
183
Copy
Edit
<Esc>7YY ) Paste
, , ,
[smb1dir] comment=smb1s service path=/smb1dir valid users=smb1

Edit ( ) Paste , , ,
[smb2dir] comment=sm 2s service path=/smb2dir valid users=smb2

Edit ( ) Paste , , ,
[sharedir] comment=sm 1s and sm 2s stuff path=/sharedir valid users=smb1 smb2

Save
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> Enforcing permissive

#getenforce #setenforce 0
184
#getenforce restart
#service smb restart #service portmap restart #iptables -F #service iptables save linux- SAMBA server Configure ; Windwos client pc Work Group SAMBA
Start > Control Panel > System and security > System > > change , Dialogue Box Workgroup - Dialogue Box Text Box SAMBA OK Start >> SAMBA Password login Network SAMBA Server User Name
185
.. Domain naming system (DNS): DNS name , Host Name Host table DNS DNS Host table base DNS LAN host table - WAN internet Data Host table Information DNS TCP/IP . , Host table DNS Host
IP Address IP Address
- www.google.com
192.168.3.5
... Domain name Server: Domain name server name IP Address DNS server Name Server DNS server , Host information
1. PDNS- Primary Domain Name Server 2. SDNS- Secoundary Domain Name Server PDNS server
Network-
Active
Automaticaly back-up
SDNS server
186
... Primary Domain Name Server (PDNS): , . ; root user caching install software install login ) install Networking 192.168.2.5 IP
PDNS Server
PDNS Server
192.168.2.5 IP bind
Yum installation #yum install bind* #yum install caching*

(
(.
Configure file
, named.local (
Reverse File)
localhost.zone
Forword File)
***
/named ***
#cd /var/named/chroot/var/named #cp localhost.zone fci.fzone #ls -l #cp named.local fci.rzone #ls -l #chgrp named fci.fzone #ls -l #chgrp named fci. rzone #ls l Forward File Configure
fci domain name
#vim fci.fzone
187
<Esc>:set nu
vi file
<Enter>
, , Edit
IN SOA linux5.fci.com. IN NS IN A 192.168.2.5 192.168.2.5
root.fci.com. (
linux5.fci.com.
linux5 <Esc>:wq
IN A <Enter> Reverse File Configure
#vim fci.rzone <Esc>:set nu

vi file
<Enter>
, , Edit
IN IN IN
SOA NS A
linux5.fci.com. root.fci.com. ( linux5.fci.com. 192.168.2.5

<Enter>
IN
5
PTR linux5.fci.com.
DNS Server IP address 192.1682.2.5 5,
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> )
Edit
#vim /etc/named.rf(Tab <Esc>:set nu

,
#vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
- (yy11),
<Enter>
paste
, ,
zone fci.com IN {
188
file fci.fzone; zone 2.168.192.in-addr.anpa IN {

2.168.192 Server IP Address Address
file fci.rzone; <Esc>:wq <Enter> )

insert mode Edit <Enter> 0-24 host ,
#vim /etc/named.ca(Tab <Esc>:set nu

, , ,
<Enter>
acl class { 192.168.2.0/24; }; listen-on port 53 { 192.168.2.5; }; allow-query match-clients { localhost; class; }; { localhost; class; };
match-destinations <Esc>:wq <Enter>
{ localhost; class; };
#vim /etc/resolv.conf
vi
search fci.com nameserver 192.168.2.5 <Esc>:wq <Enter> restart

189
#service named restart #service named restart #rndc reload #service portmap restart #iptables F #service iptables save , #cd #ping fci.com , LAN linux/windows DNS Server DNS IP Ping 192.168.2.5 PDNS server configuration ping DNS server
... SDNS- Secoundary Domain Name Server :
SDNS Server Configure Host file Edit information check vi file
PDNS Server
#vi /etc/hosts <Esc>:q! <Enter>

(
Configure file
, named.local (
Reverse File)
localhost.zone
Forword File)
#cd /var/named/chroot/var/named
190
***
#ls -l
/namede ***
Forward File Configure <Enter>

#vim fci.fzone <Esc>:set nu

vi file insert mode <Enter>
SDNS Server
host name & IP
linux6 <Esc>:wq
IN A <Enter>
192.168.2.6
Reverse File Configure
#vim fci.rzone <Esc>:set nu

vi file
<Enter>
insert mode <Enter>
6
6
IN
PTR
linux6.fci.com.
IP address 192.1682.2.6 6,
SDNS Server
<Esc>:wq
<Enter>
vi SDNS Server IP Address
search fci.com nameserver 192.168.2.5 nameserver 192.168.2.6 <Esc>:wq <Enter>

191
restart
#service named restart #service named restart #rndc reload #service portmap restart #iptables F #service iptables save , SDNS Server . ; root user caching install software install login ) install Networking , 192.168.2.6 IP
SDNS Server
192.168.2.6 IP bind
Yum installation #yum install bind* #yum install caching*
(.
#cd /var/named/chroot/var/named #ls #cd slaves *** #ls #vim /etc/named.rf(Tab <Esc>:set nu
,
/slaves ***
#vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
- Edit (11yy),
<Enter>
paste
,,,
zone fci.com IN { type slave;

192
file slaves/a c.fzone; masters { 192.168.2.5; }; };

,,, Edit
zone 2.168.192.in-addr.anpa IN { type slave; file slaves/det.rzone; masters { 192.168.2.5; }; }; <Esc>:wq <Enter> )
insert mode Edit <Enter> 0-24 host ,
#vim /etc/named.ca(Tab <Esc>:set nu

, , ,
<Enter>
acl class { 192.168.2.0/24; }; listen-on port 53 { 192.168.2.6; }; allow-query match-clients { localhost; class; }; { localhost; class; };
match-destinations <Esc>:wq <Enter>
{ localhost; class; };

vi
193
search fci.com nameserver 192.168.2.5 nameserver 192.168.2.6 <Esc>:wq <Enter> restart
#service named restart #service named restart #rndc reload #service portmap restart #iptables F #service iptables save , , fci.com SDNS Server SDNS server configuration ping SDNS server poweroff ping DNS Server
PDNS Server Back-up
.. Web Server Web server (www) fci.com
DNS
Web site Web Server

( linux1
World wide web Protocol web server web server ,
Hyper text transfer protocol (http) Domain name

192.168.2.1 IP-
DNS IP
Networking
-. ) Web Server
root user
login
194
) /var #ls /var #cd /var/www/html #ls #vi index.html

Coding <html> index
Yum installation httpd SoftwareSet-up Folder
install
(.
#yum install httpd* /www/html

(User Define) HTML File
vi File
.html
vi File
HTML Page
<head>my html page</head> <body> <h1><center> wel-come to feni computer institute </center></h1> </body> </html>
<Esc>:wq <Enter> httpd.conf <Enter>

paste ,
#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf <Esc>:set nu

* paste # Copy
<virtualHost 192.168.2.1:80>
, # Edit
192.168.2.1
web server IP
195
DocumentRoot /var/www/html ServerName linux1.fci.com <Esc>:wq <Enter> restart
#service httpd restart

Failled
#service httpd restart (Ctrl+Alt+F7) linux OS

html Exit
linux OS internet Browser
Graphics URL
mode Open Address
http://linux1.fci.com Command mode Open

<Esc> ,
(Ctrl+Alt+F1)
#elinks http://linux1.fci.com
file > Exit > yes
***
Web server - , http://
Web server
http:// www Web server - (-www.

fci.com),
; ***
root user
login
#cd /var/www/html #mkdir www #cd www

196
#ls #vi index.html

Coding <html> <head>my html page</head> <body> <h1><center> wel-come to feni computer institute </center></h1> </body> </html> index vi File .html vi File HTML Page
<Esc>:wq <Enter> fci.fzone
Edit
Save
#vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/fci.fzone
vi File
www <Esc>:wq
IN CNAME <Enter>
linux1.fci.com.
#service named restart #rndc reload httpd Configuration file Edit #vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf <Esc>:set nu
paste
<Enter>
Paste Edit # Save Copy ,
<virtualHost 192.168.2.1:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html/www
ServerName www.fci.com
197
<Esc>:wq
<Enter>
#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf <Esc>:set nu

192.168.2.1
<Enter>
# * #
<Esc>:wq
<Enter>
#service httpd restart #cd #ping www.fci.com www.fci.com Internet Browser
.. E-mail text fci.com login DNS DNS electronic mail binary data
System,
(Mail server) : graphics data, audio-vedio, ; , root user , MTA
mail server mail server-
198
- kalam, munna, raju, nepa
Yum installation sendmail dovecot #yum install sendmail* #yum install dovecot* Dovecot.conf <Esc>:set nu

install Software
(. install
<Enter>
#
#vim /etc/dovecot.conf
save
<Esc>:wq sendmail.mc
<Enter> <Enter>
, single Domainname fci.com ,
#vim /etc/mail/sendmail.mc <Esc>:set nu

dnl #
<Esc>:wq
<Enter>
#m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf local-host-names <Enter>

Save
#vim /etc/mail/local-host-names <Esc>:set nu

mail.fci.com fci.com 192.168.2.5 <Esc>:wq named <Enter>
199
#ls
Forward zoneEdit
#vim fci.fzone <Esc>:set nu

<Enter>
insert mode <Enter> ;
)1D(
)( <Enter>
)IN MX 10(
)(
)mail.fci.com.
<Esc>:wq
Restart
#service named restart #service named restart #rndc reload #service portmap restart #service sendmail restart #service dovecot restart #service dovecot restart #iptables F #service iptables save Access mail server Normal Usere-mail : mail server-
Root User/ server administrator #mail raju@fci.com Subject: wel come to fci.com ( Ctrl+D
e-mail
200
Cc: ( Ctrl+D raju
, - munna@fci.com,kamal@fci.com)
(,)
mail
raju User- login
$mail
board inbox E-mail show - 2 <Enter> , key
save
& exit save ;
& quit Savemail
$cd /var/spool/mail $ls $cat raju Root Savemail
#cd /var/spool/mail #ls #cat raju :

201
, raju login
kamal
raju
$mail kamal@fci.com Subject: hi, kamal. How are you. Ctrl+D Cc: Ctrl+D .. Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) Gateway IP login 192.168.2.3 IP install (. , Configuration ) DNS Server Configuration address DHCP , . ; linux3.dnt.com root user DHCP Server Host Client PC, Networking automatically IP, DNS IP, DHCP 192.168.2.3
Dynamic host control protocol (DHCP) ISP-internet service provider DHCP Server
Yum installation Named #ls

named
Forward zone- #vim fci.fzone
202
<Esc>:set nu

<Enter>
;
dhcp ( <Esc>:wq
)(
)IN CNAME (
)(
)linux3.fci.com
<Enter> restart
named
#service named restart #service named restart dhcp Software install /etc copy #yum install dhcp* #cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf y <Enter> dhcpd.conf <Enter> IP address
Edit
#vim /etc/dhcpd.conf <Esc>:set nu Edit ; 192.168.2.3
subnet 192.168.2.0 network 255.255.255.0{ IP address
domainname domainname Edit

fci.com fci.com 192.168.2.5
DNS IP
# range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.24;
<Esc>:wq
<Enter> restart
#service named restart

203
#service portmap restart #iptables -F #service iptables save linux-client PC; Linux-Client PC network configuration #cd #setup Network configuration > Tab > Run tool <Enter> <Enter> [ > Lan Card OK > * ] > > ; quit > quit > root User login automatically IP generate
restart
#service network restart Windows Client PC; automatically IP generate
> Control Panel Center , Properties >
>
Network And Internet > >
>
Networking
And
Sharing
Change adapter Settings
Local Area Connection
double Click
TCP/IPV4
204
- ,
Option Ok ;
..
(Proxy Server): Private Network WAN Hard disk- Internet Band-width internet- ; , gateway
internet resource Update
resource
Non-routable IP
Private IP Address
Internet-
205
Public IP
Internet
Access
Band-width, ,
Application protocol
ISP
.:
*** - , ***
=====**********************************======
206
(Appendix)
Linux Copmmand cd ls cal mkdir rm sudo su conf dir mv cp = Change directory = List = Calander = Make directory = Remove = Super user work (do=work) Md.Shariful islam lincon S/O- Mr. Shariut Ullah & Mrs. Farida Akter, Shafiullah shadagur bari, village-North Ander manik, P/S-Chhagalnaiya, Dist-Feni menning:
= super user/ switch user = Configure = directory = move = copy
netconfig = Network Configuration passwd tr userdel = password = Translator = User delete
Reference: 1. Computer operating system, written by Engr. Md. Topayel ahamed 2. Computer networking, written by K.M. Ali reza 3. Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices (volume 1) version 1.0a 4. Internet/web pages
)
207

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Basic computer networking With Linux redhat Enterprise-5

[root@local host ~] # touch /mnt a1 a2 a3 a4

[root@local host ~] # passwd lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

Daffodil international university, Dhaka-bangladesh

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

DTM Road, New Ranir-hat, Feni Bangladesh Web: www.fcibd.net

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

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Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

ATT & MCC Lab

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

-(16-28 No. page)

.. Computer network .. .. ... ... ... .. .. (LAN) (LAN) (MAN) (WAN)

... RJ-45 ... .. .. .. .. (OSI -7 Layer) (Server)

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

(29-37 No. page)

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

(Network Protocol) TCP/IP (IP address)

(38-46 No. page)

... IP Address ... IP Class ... (Range of IP Class)

(Class C IP Address) ... (Socket)

... Port number .. .. .. (Firewall)

(47-53 No. page)

(54-83 No. page)

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

,(linux OS) - - Hard-disk partition (Advantage of linux Operating Syastem)

(84-105 No. page)

Feni computer institute | lincon_fci

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

(process of Create a new user)

(106-140 No. Page)

New User Create

Password Change Supper User Copy

(File Permission Testing) Supper User Password

.. File Compress system in Linux .. .. .... .... Zip UnZip UnZip

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

(141-153 No. Page)

(154-166 No. Page)

.. Linux OS ... Linux OS

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

... ... ... .. Root User

Remote host computer Normal Remote User

... Root /Normal User

Normal Remote User

(167-206 No. Page)

.. Network File System (NFS) ... nfs Server / Access

.. Network Information System (NIS)

Basic computer networking & Linux Redhat enterprise-5

.. Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) .. (Proxy Server)

(207 No. page)

* UTP cable ** . . , , UTP Cable: Wire media

* UTP Cable Engineering RJ-45 Cable , RJ-45 Connector *